专题3：代词 【课件】-备战2024中考英语二轮复习语法精练（全国通用）

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代词
2024年二轮复习语法精讲精练
知识体系概览
中考考点透视
&1& 人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
类别 人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
类别 人称 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性
第三人称 单数 she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
续表
◆人称代词的用法
类别 用法 例句
主格 作主语,用在动 词之前 They have four lessons in the morning.他们
在早上有四节课。
宾格 作宾语,用在动 词或介词之后, 表示动作、行 为的对象 He showed us some pictures of different
places in China.他给我们展示了一些中国不同
地方的照片。（动词之后）
Do you know anything about him 你知道他
的事吗？（介词之后）
类别 用法 例句
宾格 用在系动词之 后 —Who gave out the news 谁发布了这则消
息？
—It was me.是我。（系动词之后）
续表
◆物主代词的用法
类别 作用 例句
形容词性 物主代词 作定语 We provide books,and we set tests every
week to check your progress.我们提供书籍,并
且我们每周进行测试以检查您的进度。
名词性物 主代词 作主语 This isn't her ruler. Hers is on the desk.这不
是她的尺子。她的在桌上。
作宾语 My new schoolbag is blue. How about yours
我的新书包是蓝色的。你的呢？
作表语 The red pen is hers.这支红色的钢笔是她的。
【注意】1.名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的区别:
名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。即:形容词性物主代词之后一定接名词,名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。如:
My idea is quite different from hers.我的想法和她的（想法）很不同。（hers=her idea）
2.形容词性物主代词的常见固定搭配:
change one's mind 改变某人的主意
lose one's way某人迷路
do/try one's best 尽某人最大的努力
with one's help 在某人的帮助下
to one's surprise 令某人惊讶的是;出乎某人的意料
make up one's mind某人下定决心
all one's life某人的一生;终生
◆反身代词的用法
作用 用法 例句
作宾 语 用在动词 或介词之 后 Everyone celebrated the May Day holiday and
enjoyed themselves.每个人都庆祝劳动节,并且玩得
很开心。
作表 语 用在系动 词之后 The poor boy in the story was myself.故事中那个
可怜的男孩就是我自己。
作用 用法 例句
作同 位语 用在名 词、代词 之后或句 末 Here are a few photos. I took them myself.这里
有几张照片。我自己拍的。
续表
【拓展】反身代词常见的固定搭配:
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself玩得愉快
help oneself to自行享用（食物）等
lose oneself in沉迷于
protect oneself保护自己
teach oneself（=learn by oneself）自学
动词之后
by oneself单独；独自
for oneself亲自
come to oneself苏醒
look after oneself照顾自己
keep sth.to oneself保密
make sth.by oneself自己做某事/物
smile to oneself暗笑
take care of oneself照顾自己
介词之后
1.（2023·云南）The boy is from Yunnan,and ___ name is Li Hua.
A
A. his B. her C. their D. your
2.（2023·武威）That's ___.That's the man I was talking about.
C
A. me B. her C. him D. it
3.（2023·连云港）Your school library looks as modern as ___.Can
you show me around
D
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
4.The little girl is so smart. She can make a cake by ________
（she） without help.
5.Helping others is helping __________（we）,so we should try
our best to help those in need.
6.Mother is my first teacher. She teaches ____（I） a lot about
life.
herself
ourselves
me
&2& 指示代词
指示代词 用法 例句
this/these 用来指代离自己较近 的人或物 This is my friend Jane.这是我的朋
友简。【七上Unit 2第8页】
that/thos e 用来指代离自己较远 的人或物；也可以用 于比较级结构中代替 前面提到的名词，避 免重复 Those are my parents.那是我的父
母。【七上Unit 2第9页】
指示代词 用法 例句
one 泛指上下文提及的同 类事物中的一个（同 类但非同一事物） —Who has a ruler 谁有尺子？
—I have one.我有一把。
it 特指上下文提到的同 一事物 The book is mine. It's very
interesting.这本书是我的，它很有
趣。
续表
特例清单
1.在打电话的语境中，习惯用this代替I，that代替you。如：
—Hello!Is that Mrs. White？喂!（请问）你是怀特夫人吗？
—Sorry. Mrs. White isn't here. This is Kate，her daughter.不好意思，怀特夫人不在这儿。我是她的女儿凯特。
2.指上文的事情，可以用this，也可以用that代替；指下文的事情，则要用this代替。如：
My bike broke down. This/That is why I was late.我的自行车坏了，因此我迟到了。
3.it的常用句型
（1）It is+adj.+（for sb.） to do sth.做某事（对某人来说）是……如：
It is important for us to work hard.努力学习对我们来说很重要。
（2）It's time to do/for/that…是时候做……如：
It's time to get up/for lunch/that we go home.是时候起床/吃午饭/回家了。
（3）It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.做某事花费某人多少时间。如：
It took me three hours to finish this work.完成这项工作花了我三个小时。
（4）It seems that…看起来好像……如：
It seems that you are right.看起来好像你是对的。
（5）It's one's turn to do…轮到某人做……如：
It's your turn to sing.轮到你唱歌了。
（6）It's+adj.+that从句.如：
It's impossible that we finish the work in two days.我们在两天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
1.（2023·绥化改编）—What are ___,do you know
—I think they are smart watches.
C
A. it B. this C. those D. them
2.（2022·徐州）___ is our duty to make our country better and
stronger.
A
A. It B. This C. That D. One
3.（2021·广元）—How cold here!
—Yes. The weather in Guangyuan is much colder than ___ in
your hometown.
A
A. that B. it C. this D. those
it that these one
4.Tom's grade is much better than _____ of last term. He has
really made great progress.
5.How beautiful the schoolbag is!I want to buy _____ for my
sister.
6.I can't find my ruler anywhere. I think I have lost ___.
7._______ pictures about the city are as amazing as those about
the countryside.
that
one
it
These
&3& 不定代词
◆普通不定代词
序号 不定代词 用法 例句
1 some 用于肯定句或 表示请求、建 议的疑问句中 In a park,some boys are playing
in the snow.在公园里，一些男孩正
在雪地里玩耍。【七下Unit 7第42
页】
Would you like some milk？你想
喝些牛奶吗？
序号 不定代词 用法 例句
1 any 在疑问句或否 定句中表示“一 些”;在肯定句 中表示“任一” Are there any vegetables in the
beef soup 牛肉汤里面有一些蔬菜
吗？【七下Unit 10第56页】
There aren't any buses.一辆公共汽
车也没有。
续表
序号 不定代词 用法 例句
2 either 表示“两者中的任何一 个”，作主语时，谓语 动词用单数 Either of the books is
interesting.两本书中的任何一
本都很有趣。
neither 表示“两者都不”，作 主语时，谓语动词既 可用单数又可用复数 Neither of his friends
has/have come yet.他的两个
朋友都还没来。
续表
序号 不定代词 用法 例句
3 both 表示“两者都”，作 主语时，谓语动词 用复数。常用搭 配： both…and……… 和……都 Both of his sisters like
playing tennis.他的两个姐姐
都喜欢打网球。
续表
序号 不定代词 用法 例句
3 all 表示“三者或三者以 上都”，作主语时， 谓语动词用复数 All my classmates will come
to celebrate Mary's birthday.
我所有的同学都会来庆祝玛丽
的生日。
续表
序号 不定代词 用法 例句
4 no one 指人，不能接of 短 语 No one would like to go
with her.没有人愿意和她一起
去。
none 表示否定，可以指 人或物，常接of短 语 None of them has/have been
to Beijing.他们当中没有一个
人去过北京。
续表
序号 不定代词 用法 例句
5 every 表示整体概念“每 一”，只能作定语; 不能与of短语连用 Every time I go to see
him，he is very busy.每次我
去看他，他都很忙。
each 表示“每个”，强调 个体，可作主语、 宾语和定语等，可 以指人或物;可以与 of 短语连用 He wants to draw a good
picture of each criminal.他想
给每一名罪犯画一幅准确的画
像。【七下Unit 9第53页】
续表
序号 不定代词 用法 例句
6 many 修饰可数名词复数 There are many books on
the desk.桌上有许多书。
much 修饰不可数名词 I have much homework to
do.我有很多家庭作业要做。
7 few,a few，little与a little的用法见本书第一部分 过教材 八年 级（上） Units 1~2
8 another,other,others，the other与the others的用法见本书第一 部分 过教材 七年级（下） Units 7~9
续表
特例清单
1.不定代词all和not连用时表示部分否定，要译成“不是全部”，不能译成“都不”；表示全部否定要用none。如：
Not all the balls are round.并不是所有的球都是圆形的。
None of the bread is fresh.这些面包都不新鲜。
2.both与not连用也表示部分否定，译为“并非两者都”，不可译为“两者都不”；表示二者全部否定用neither。如：
Both of us are not doctors.我们俩并非都是医生。
Neither of us is a doctor.我们俩都不是医生。
◆复合不定代词
somebody某人 anybody任何人 nobody没有人 everybody每人
someone某人 anyone任何人 no one没有人 everyone每人
something某事 anything任何事 nothing没有东西 everything每件事
特例清单
1.由some构成的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句中，由any构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中。如果要在疑问句中表示请求、建议等肯定意思或盼望得到肯定回答，需要用some构成的复合不定代词。如：
Would you like something to drink 你想要一些喝的东西吗？
2.复合不定代词与形容词连用时，形容词要放在其后。如：
There is something interesting in today's newspaper.今天的报纸上有一些有趣的内容。
3.everyone相当于everybody，anyone相当于anybody，只能指人，不能与of短语连用；every one，any one既可以指人也可以指物，要与of连用。如：
Is anybody here？有人吗？
You can take any one of these.你可以随便拿一个。
1.（2023·泸州）—There are two books about traditional Chinese
tea-making culture.
—You're free to take ___ of them and leave one for me.
B
A. all B. either C. neither D. none
2.（2023·滨州）—Chinese chess player Ding Liren has done ___
he can in chess and has put all that he has into the games.
—Yes,and he has become world chess champion（冠军） recently.
A
A. everything B. nothing C. something D. none
3.（2023·武汉）—There are many celebrations in the coming
Dragon Boat Festival.
—Sounds very interesting. I don't want to miss ___.
B
A. it B. any C. none D. one
anybody nothing both
4.（2023·台州）_________ is a waste if you have a creative mind.
5.（2023·丽水）Socrates once said,“I cannot teach _________
anything. I can only make them think.”
6.______ bread and juice are OK.I'm really hungry and thirsty
after such a long walk.
Nothing
anybody
Both
&4& 疑问代词
疑问代词 用法 例句
who 对人提问，多用作主语 Who wants to go with me 谁
愿意和我一起去？
whom who的宾格形式，作宾 语 To whom are you talking？你
在和谁说话？
whose who的所有格形式，作 表语和定语 Whose book is this？这是谁的
书？
疑问代词 用法 例句
what 对人或事物提问，可单 独使用，也可放在名词 前。可作主语、宾语、 表语和定语 What are you doing 你正在做
什么？
which 在一定范围内对人或事 物提问，可作主语、宾 语和定语 Which do you prefer 你更喜欢
哪一个？
续表
特例清单
疑问代词what作定语时，意为“什么”，不限制范围;which作定语时，意为“哪（几）个”，指在一定数目中进行选择，限制在一定范围内。如：
Which girls do you like best？你最喜欢哪几个女孩？
1.—___ did you go to Shijiazhuang with last week
—My parents.
B
A. How B. Who C. Where D. What
2.—___ is your sister？Is she still a teacher in the university
—No，she is a director right now.
D
A. Who B. How C. Where D. What
what whose who
3.—______ is Ricky like
—He's humorous. He often tells us funny jokes.
4.—______ are you looking for,madam？I think everyone is here.
—I don't think so. Where's David
5.The book _______ cover has a beautiful picture is Lily's.
What
Who
whose
考点提分训练
一、单项选择。
1.（2023·新疆）—Jack,when are we going to buy a birthday gift
for our grandma,today or tomorrow
—___ are OK.I am available.
B
A. All B. Both C. Neither D. None
2.My daughter can finish ___ homework at school before she
comes back home.
B
A. my B. her C. our D. your
3.—Lily and Tom,help ___ to some cakes.
—OK,we will.
D
A. ourselves B. themselves C. yourself D. yourselves
4.This isn't my postcard.___ is in my schoolbag.
B
A. Yours B. Mine C. Hers D. His
5.We're practicing spoken English. Would you like to join ___
B
A. me B. us C. you D. them
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
6.John usually relaxes ________（he） by playing the guitar.
7.The earth is _____（we） home,so it's our duty to save and
protect it.
8.As volunteers,we visited an old people's home and helped the
old people there to do many things to cheer ______（they） up.
9.My sister's bedroom is much tidier than ______（I）.
10.The three of ____（we） together made the dumplings.
himself
our
them
mine
us
三、根据句意在空白处填入一个适当的单词。
11.The two books are all about English. You can choose _______
of them to use.
12.Of ____ these subjects,physics seems to be the most difficult
for me.
13.If you visit your grandparents this weekend,please give my best
wishes to ______.
14.We have two classes. One is physics,and the ______ is politics.
15.I find ___ hard to learn Chinese well in a short time.
either
all
them
other
it