专题5：形容词 & 副词【课件】-备战2024年中考英语二轮复习语法精练（全国通用）

(共66张PPT)
导师：稻壳儿
形容词
副词
2024年二轮复习语法精讲精练
近几年中考对动词时态的考查主要集中在对一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在完成时六种主要的时态上。对动词语态的考查主要以一般现在时、一般过去时的被动语态和含有情态动词的被动语态为主。
第一部分 过语法
形容词和副词
知识体系概览
中考考点透视
&1& 形容词
◆形容词的基本用法
功能 用法 例句
作定 语 通常放在所修饰 的名词前,说明 其性质、特征等 He is a smart man.他是一个聪明人。
Country music is a kind of sweet music.乡
村音乐是一种美妙的音乐。
功能 用法 例句
作表 语 与系动词构成系 表结构,说明主 语的性质或特征 The weather here is very comfortable.这里
气候非常宜人。
I'm getting bored and want to go home.我
感到有些无聊,想回家了。
作宾 语补 足语 说明宾语的状态 或特征 Who has left the door open 谁没关门
I find this book very interesting.我发现这
本书很有趣。
续表
功能 用法 例句
作状 语 作为独立成分, 说明主语的情况 等 He arrived home,hungry and tired.他又累
又饿地回到了家。
More importantly,she got a good job.更重
要的是,她找到了一份好工作。
续表
◆形容词的特殊用法
1.有些形容词还可以和定冠词连用,表示一类人或事物。这时,它相当于一个名词,可以作主语或宾语。如:
the rich（富人） the old（老人） the poor（穷人）
2.有些形容词还可单独使用,作感叹语,表示某种情绪。如:
Wonderful!Can you play another song for us 好极了!你能再为我们演奏一曲吗
◆形容词的位置
1.当同一个名词被多个前置形容词修饰时,形容词之间有一个先后顺序的问题。排列的一般规则:（限定词）→一般描绘性形容词→表示大小、长短、高低的形容词→表示形状的形容词→表示年龄、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词→表示物质、材料的形容词→表示用途、功能的形容词→所修饰名词。如：
There is a famous old stone bridge near the village.那个村子附近有一座著名的古代石桥。
I bought a cheap blue plastic pencil box yesterday.昨天我买了一个便宜的蓝色塑料铅笔盒。
They have gotten such a round brown wooden table.他们有一张褐色的木制圆桌。
2.当形容词短语作定语时,必须放在所修饰名词之后;当形容词用来修饰somebody,something,anything,nothing等不定代词时,形容词需要后置。如:
The boy interested in music is my brother.对音乐感兴趣的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
Guilin is a city famous for its scenery.桂林是一个以其风景闻名的城市。
Do you have anything interesting to tell us 你有什么有趣的事情要告诉我们吗
◆形容词的常用句型
句型 意义及用法 例句
It's+adj.+ of+sb.+to do sth. 意为“某人做某事是……的”。这一 句型中常用描述人物性格、品质的 形容词,如 good,kind,nice,polite,clever,careful, careless等 It's very kind of
you to help me.你能
帮我真是太好了。
句型 意义及用法 例句
It's+adj.+f or+sb.+to do sth. 意为“做某事对某人来说是…… 的”。这一句型中常用描述事物特 性的形容词,如 important,difficult,easy,hard, dangerous,safe,useful,interesting等 It's not easy for
them to learn a
foreign language.对
于他们来说,学习一门
外语不容易。
主语 +find+it+ adj.+to do sth. 意为“某人发现做某事是……的”。 这一句型中常用描述事物特性的形 容词,如 hard,easy,difficult,important, interesting,exciting,relaxing等 I find it hard to
tell the difference
between the twins.我
发现分清这对双胞胎
很难。
续表
◆常见的形容词短语
1.be+adj./v.-ed+from
be absent from缺席；不出现 be different from 与……不同；与……有差异
be separated from把……分开/隔开
2.be+adj./v.-ed+at
be good at擅长于…… be mad at对……愤怒 be surprised at对……感到惊奇
3.be+adj./v.-ed+for
be bad for对……有害 be famous/known/well-known for因……而著名
be good for对……有好处 be late for迟到 be/get ready for为……做好准备
be thankful for对……心存感激 be thirsty for渴望;渴求
4.be+adj./v.-ed+in
be interested in对……感兴趣 be rich in 富于;盛产
be poor in缺乏;贫乏 be weak in在……方面薄弱
5.be+adj./v.-ed+of
be afraid of害怕…… be full of充满……
be proud of对……感到自豪 be short of短缺
be tired of对……感到厌倦
6.be+adj./v.-ed+with
be filled with充满…… be patient with对……有耐心
be angry with对……生气 be busy with忙于…… be covered with被……覆盖
be strict with sb.对某人要求严格 be satisfied with对……感到满意
7.be+adj./v.-ed+about
be sorry about对……感到遗憾 be strict about sth.对某事要求严格
be worried about对……担忧 be crazy about 对……着迷 be sure about对……有把握
1.（2023·江西）—Be ___,please! Your sister is reading a book.
—All right! I will.
D
A. happy B. crazy C. honest D. quiet
2.（2023·天津）The grapes are very ___ and they also taste good.
D
A. easy B. lazy C. boring D. fresh
3.（2023·武威）I opened the door and all my friends shouted
“Happy Birthday!” I had no idea they were coming. I was so ___.
B
A. interested B. surprised C. interesting D. surprising
4.（2023·福建改编）—How do you like my poem Moonlight
—I ___ it. It's about the beauty of nature.
A
A. am interested in B. am worried about
C. am thankful for D. am sorry about
5.Life in a spaceship is hard,so an astronaut must have a
________（health） body and mind.
6.Everyone can be a _______（use） person to make our
motherland stronger.
7.All the people in the world wish to enjoy a beautiful and
_________（peace） life.
healthy
useful
peaceful
&2& 副词
◆副词的基本用法
副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。副词在句中可作状语、表语、宾语补足语、定语。如:
Luckily,I got there on time.幸运的是,我准时到了那里。（luckily作状语）
Let's be out!我们出去吧!（out作表语）
Let him out.让他出去。（out作宾语补足语）
People here are very friendly.这里的人们非常友好。（here作定语）
◆副词的分类
类别 用法
时间副 词 时间副词是确定句子时态的重要依据。时间副词有
today,yesterday,tomorrow,now,soon,before,then,ago,lately,
tonight等
方式副 词 方式副词常用来说明行为方式,多由“形容词+-ly”构成。方式
副词有
safely,happily,quickly,politely,slowly,loudly,carefully,actively,
warmly等
类别 用法
程度副 词 程度副词有
very,quite,too,so,such,pretty,almost,enough,rather,nearly等
地点副 词 地点副词表示动作是在什么地方发生的,与动词连用时,其前不
加介词。地点副词有
here,there,home,anywhere,down,up,below,inside,outside,in等
疑问副 词（词 组） 疑问副词（词组）常用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问副词（词
组）有when,where,why,how,how often,how long,how
far,how soon等
续表
类别 用法
频度副 词 频度副词表示动作发生的频率。频度副词有
always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never等
连接副 词 连接副词有besides,therefore,however等
续表
◆与形容词同形的副词
单词 形容词词义 副词词义
early 早的 在早期;提早
late 迟的 晚;迟
fast 快的 快速地
hard 艰难的;坚固的;硬的 努力地;费力地
well 健康的;状态良好的 好;令人满意地
【注意】以-ly结尾的单词不一定都是副词,有些形容词也是以-ly结尾的,如friendly（友好的）,lovely（可爱的）,lively（充满活力的）,daily（每日的）,monthly（每月的）,lonely（孤独的）等。
1.（2023·牡丹江改编）We should spend our pocket money（零花钱）
___ and use it to do something meaningful.
A
A. wisely B. politely C. quietly D. quickly
2.（2023·武威）I haven't got time to wait. If you want to come
with me,get dressed ___.
C
A. carefully B. loudly C. quickly D. heavily
3.（2022·云南）—Would you like some coffee
—No,thanks. I ___ drink it. I think water is the best.
B
A. often B. hardly C. usually D. always
4.Good ideas sometimes start with a _______（real） silly question.
5.It's noisy outside. I can't hear you ________（clear）.
6.Mr. Green is so serious that he always thinks _________
（careful） before making a decision.
7.The little girl is running after a butterfly ________（happy） in
the garden.
really
clearly
carefully
happily
&3& 形容词和副词的比较等级
◆形容词和副词比较等级的规则变化
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
一般单音节词末尾分别加-er，- est small fast quick smaller faster quicker smallest
fastest
quickest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词分 别加-r，-st nice fine nicer finer nicest finest
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节 词，先把y变为i，再分别加-er，- est early happy earlier happier earliest
happiest
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音 节词，双写末尾的辅音字母，再 分别加-er，-est red big thin redder bigger thinner reddest
biggest
thinnest
续表
构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级
部分双音节词或多音节词分别在 原级前加more，most interesti ng importa nt more interestingm ore important most
interestingm
ost
important
续表
◆形容词和副词比较等级的不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/ill/badly worse worst
little less least
many/much more most
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
◆形容词和副词原级的常用句型
结构 例句
as+形容词/副词原级+as 否定：not so/as+形容词/副 词原级+as My brother is as serious as my
sister. They both like to study.我的哥
哥和我的姐姐一样严肃。他们都喜欢学
习。【八上Unit 3第24页】
具体数字（如倍数）+as+形 容词/副词原级+as The city is twice as big as my
hometown.这座城市是我的家乡的两倍
大。
◆形容词和副词比较级的常用句型
结构 例句
形容词/副词比较级+than Sam is smarter than Tom.萨姆比汤
姆更聪明。【八上Unit 3第19页】
具体数字（如倍数）+比较级 +than This city is three times larger than
that one.这座城市比那座城市大三
倍。
“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越 来越……” Our country is becoming more and
more beautiful.我们的国家变得越来
越美了。
结构 例句
“the+比较级，the+比较级”意 为“越……，越……” The more you read,the faster you'll
be.你读得越多，你读得就越快。
【九全Unit 1第2页】
“the+比较级+of the two+名词 复数”意为“……是两者中 较……的” Wang Fei is the taller of the two
brothers.王飞是他们兄弟两人中较高
的那个。
续表
◆形容词和副词最高级的常用句型
结构 例句
the+形容词/副词最高级+可 数名词单数+介词短语（比较 范围） He is the tallest boy in our class.他
是我们班里最高的男孩。
“one of the+形容词/副词最 高级+名词复数+介词短语”意 为“……是最……之一” It's one of the most popular places
for serious mountain climbers.它是最
受登山爱好者欢迎的地方之一。【八
下Unit 7第52页】
结构 例句
“the+序数词+形容词/副词最 高级+可数名词单数+介词短 语”意为“……是第…… 最……的” The Yellow River is the second
longest river in China.黄河是中国第
二长河。
“形容词比较级+than any other+可数名词单数”表示最 高级含义 He is taller than any other student
in our class.他比我们班上任何学生都
高。
续表
结构 例句
形容词最高级前面可以用物 主代词、指示代词、名词所 有格等修饰,但不能再加定冠 词the She is my best friend.她是我最好的
朋友。
续表
1.（2023·泸州）—Last month,thirteen Chinese scientists successfully
reached the peak of Mount Qomolangma which is ___ mountain
in the world.
—Wow!It's really fantastic. I am so proud of them.
D
A. high B. higher C. highest D. the highest
2.（2023·云南）China is one of ___ countries in the world. We
are all proud of it.
D
A. older B. the older C. oldest D. the oldest
3.（2023·扬州）Slow cooking seems to hold the taste of the meat
much ___.
C
A. good B. well C. better D. best
4.There are ________ sharing bikes in many cities. So there will
be ________ pollution.( )
C
A. less and less;more and more B. less and less;fewer and fewer
C. more and more;less and less D. fewer and fewer;less and less
5.（2023·武威）Peter is _________（young） than his sister May.
6.（2023·扬州）We students now use _______（few） throwaway
products than before.
younger
fewer
7.The 5G network lets the users download movies much _______
（fast） than 4G network.
8.The police warn the drivers to drive slowly on _______（snow）
days because it is dangerous.
9.The Spring Festival is the ________（big） festival in China. It
is a good time for family members to get together.
faster
snowy
biggest
考点提分训练
一、单项选择。
1.（2023·滨州）—How amazing ChatGPT is!
—Yes. The new invention makes it quite ___ for people to write
papers and stories.
B
A. late B. simple C. natural D. difficult
2.（2023·岳阳改编）Mind health is as ___ as body health.
A
A. important B. more important
C. the most important D. most important
3.（2023·江西）—As I know,your friend Jeff is very humorous.
—Yes. He is ___ person I know.
B
A. funnier B. the funniest
C. more serious D. the most serious
4.（2023·郴州改编）It's one of ___ things in the world to stay
with our family members.
A
A. the happiest B. happier
C. happy D. much happier
5.People should ___ pick up the rubbish whenever they see it.
D
A. never B. seldom C. sometimes D. always
6.The self-service system in the supermarket is really ___.It saves
much time.
D
A. crowded B. large C. cheap D. convenient
7.In the hospital,Mr. Li is ___ known as a good doctor.
A
A. widely B. easily C. wisely D. hardly
8.Andy practices running hard,so she runs ___ than her friends.
B
A. fast B. faster C. slowly D. more slowly
9.5G technology can help the smartphones provide ___ functions
than before.
A
A. more B. fewer C. fewest D. most
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
10.（2023·凉山州）These days,Zibo is _______（wide） known for
its barbecue（烧烤）.
11.（2023·扬州）Follow these tips,and you can enjoy your summer
_______（safe）.
12.（2022·无锡）Jerry studied many languages _______（simple）
for pleasure.
widely
safely
simply
13.（2022·贵阳）Climbers' spirit shows humans sometimes can be
_________（strong） than the forces of nature.
14.（2022·包头）We weren't __________（surprise） that she won
the talent competition. She sings very well.
15.（2022·泰州）Students have _____（little） homework than
before because of the “double reduction” policy（“双减”政策）.
16.（2022·北部湾）The scientists found one of the _______（tall）
trees in the world.
stronger
surprised
less
tallest
第二部分 微技能
用所给形容词的适当形式填空
中考考点透视
&1& 形容词变副词
1.填副词的判定方法
（1）所填词修饰动词或动词短语;
（2）所填词修饰形容词;
（3）所填词修饰介词短语;
（4）所填词修饰整个句子。
2.变形方法
（1）一般情况下直接在形容词后加-ly
real→really wide→widely usual→usually
final→finally polite→politely weak→weakly
clear→clearly careful→carefully wise→wisely
brave→bravely active→actively bad→badly
beautiful→beautifully careless→carelessly certain→certainly
cheap→cheaply complete→completely correct→correctly
deep→deeply different→differently direct→directly
especial→especially exact→exactly excited→excitedly
free→freely glad→gladly honest→honestly
loud→loudly mad→madly main→mainly
natural→naturally nervous→nervously normal→normally
patient→patiently perfect→perfectly physical→physically
proper→properly proud→proudly quick→quickly
quiet→quietly rapid→rapidly recent→recently
sad→sadly safe→safely serious→seriously
silent→silently similar→similarly slow→slowly
smooth→smoothly soft→softly strange→strangely
strict→strictly strong→strongly successful→successfully
sudden→suddenly thankful→thankfully
（2）以y结尾的形容词,变y为i，再加-ly
angry→angrily busy→busily crazy→crazily
easy→easily healthy→healthily heavy→heavily
（3）以le结尾的形容词,去e加-y
comfortable→comfortably gentle→gently
（im）possible→（im）possibly
probable→probably simple→simply terrible→terribly
（un）lucky→（un）luckily happy→happily
（4）以e结尾的形容词,去e加-ly
true→truly
（5）其他
full→fully
&2& 形容词变名词
1.填名词的判定方法
（1）所填词的前面有名词所有格、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、冠词、数词或形容词作定语修饰;
（2）所填词位于动词或介词后作宾语;
（3）所填词位于系动词后作表语;
（4）所填词位于句首作主语。
2.填名词单数形式的判定方法
（1）所填词的前面有a，an，this，that，every，each，another，either，one或序数词;
（2）所填词作主语且谓语动词为单数形式;
（3）结合上下文语境或者句中对应的提示词，如:it,its;
（4）专有名词，如：the Great Wall。
3.填名词复数形式的判定方法
（1）所填词的前面有these，those，普通不定代词（many/some/several/few/a few/both/all/other等），大于1的基数词，one of（+the+形容词最高级），quite a few，a pair of，a couple of，a （great/large） number of，different kinds of，all kinds of;
（2）所填词的前面有both,neither,all,none of;
（3）所填词作主语且谓语动词为复数形式;
（4）结合上下文语境或句中对应的提示词,如:them,their;
（5）通常用复数或只有复数形式的名词，如:chopsticks筷子,clothes衣服,glasses眼镜,scissors剪刀,socks袜子,trousers裤子。
4.变形方法
（1）adj.+-er/-r
foreign→foreigner strange→stranger
（2）adj.+-ness/变y为i，再加-ness
ill→illness kind→kindness sad→sadness
shy→shyness happy→happiness
（3）adj.+-y/-ty
difficult→difficulty safe→safety
（4）以t结尾的形容词，去t加-ce
confident→confidence different→difference
important→importance
patient→patience
（5）其他
deep→depth wide→width free→freedom
high→height proud→pride possible→possibility
true→truth young→youth warm→warmth
考点提分训练
用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.（2023·宜宾改编）The pens are on sale in that store,so you can
buy them more ________（cheap） than usual.
2.（2023·武威）My teacher always offers us help _________
（patient）.
cheaply
patiently
3.（2023·永州）Three Chinese astronauts on board the Shenzhou-
15 manned spaceship returned to Earth _______（safe） on June
4th,2023,completing their six-month space station task.
safely
4.（2021·龙东）The _______（high） of Qomolangma is 8,848.86
meters high now.
5.（2021·绥化）To our _________（surprised）,he won the running
race! He used to be a slow runner.
6.（2021·大连）Now more and more people like the _______
（silent） in the countryside.
height
surprise
silence
7.As a good student,he is _______（wide） known in our school.
8.In recent years,spring has ________（quick） turned into hot
summer in our area.
9.You'd better think _________（serious） before taking up a new
hobby,and don't choose it just for fun.
10.For me,__________（happy） means enjoying life and not
caring about unimportant things.
11.I'm ______（true） thankful for all your help.
widely
quickly
seriously
happiness
truly
12.We __________（gradual） understand that moms know best
and they only want the best for us.
13._______（safe） comes first when you play any water sports.
14.We have been treated with such _________（kind） by
everybody and we are grateful.
15.Now a number of __________（traditional） are gradually
disappearing. We should take measures to protect them.
16.Every child in my class wants to be the ______（proud） of
his or her parents,so they all work very hard.
gradually
Safety
kindness
traditions
pride
17.Although he got hurt in the 100-meter-run in the sports
meeting,he held his tears ________（brave）.
18.Chinese festivals are becoming more and more popular because
many __________（foreign） also like to celebrate them.
19.Though paper cutting requires time and _________
（patient）,my grandmother still likes it.
20.There is a place in my heart where all people in the world
will live __________（peaceful） some day.
bravely
foreigners
patience
peacefully