《备战2024年高考英语二轮真题零失误规范训练》（北京专用）
专题16 阅读理解七选五3年真题+最新模拟15篇 （技能+真题+模拟）
解析版
目 录
技能专区 1
真题专区 2
模拟专区 7
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
七选五解题步骤
一、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。
二、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。
三、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。
根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
四、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
五、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
七选五思维导图
真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their
families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
1. D 2. F 3. G 4. B 5. E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
1. 根据空前内容“It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on
average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
2. 根据空前内容“When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“more surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
3. 空前内容“Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
4. 根据空前内容“Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
5. 根据下文内容“Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的
角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。
（2022·北京·高考真题）Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 6 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
7 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 8 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 9 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 10 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
6. G 7. B 8. D 9. F 10. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
6. 根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body
that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
7. 根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
8. 根据空前“Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
9. 根据空前“It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
10. 根据空前“We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
（2021·北京·高考真题）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 11 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.
12 However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels. This，of course，can lead to less pain.
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 13 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety.
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 14 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.
15 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable.
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems.
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were.
11. F 12. B 13. D 14. G 15. E
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
11. 空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。
12. 空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评
价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。
13. 空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。
14. 空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
15. 空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·北京海淀·一模）When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. 1
Social media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algorithms designed to maximize attention represent to teens have become impossible to ignore. Other product design elements, often called “dark patterns,” designed to keep people using for longer, also appear to tip young users into social media overuse. 2 They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech.
3 Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make.
Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering.
Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. 4 Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic. 5
A．And those problems aren’t going away.
B．The current issues aren’t really about offline suffering.
C．Platforms already have systems to remove violent or harmful content.
D．Similarly, social media needs product safety standards to keep users safe.
E．It’s time we should require social media to take safety seriously, for everyone’s sake.
F．Internet platforms, however, have shifted blame on the consumers whenever criticized.
G．Some authorities are taking steps to hold social media platforms accountable for the content.
【答案】1．D 2．F 3．G 4．A 5．E
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了社交媒体存在风险，平台常推卸责任，欧洲已实施相关法规，而线上安全问题引发线下痛苦，且社交媒体公司难以独自解决，人们也越来越难以远离社交媒体。
1．根据上文的“When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. (当你坐进一辆车的时候，你希望它的刹车能正常工作。当你在药店买药时，你希望它不会被污染。但事情并不总是这样的。这些产品刚上市时安全性很差。为了弄清楚用户如何在不受伤害的情况下享受这些产品的好处，需要进行大量的研究和监管)”可知，此段讲述的是其他产品都有安全标准，接着下文提到社交媒体的风险无处不在，说明社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保护用户安全，D项(同样，社交媒体也需要产品安全标准来保证用户的安全)符合文意。故选D项。
2．根据下文的“They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech.(他们说，用户一开始接触有害内容是他们的错，即使这些用户是孩子，或者内容是金融骗局。他们还声称是在捍卫言论自由)可知，社交媒体将问题推卸给用户，F项(然而，每当受到批评时，互联网平台就把责任推给消费者)引出下文，符合文意。故选F项。
3．根据下文的“Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks
will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make.(根据今年在欧洲生效的《数字服务法案》(Digital Services Act)，平台必须采取行动阻止非法内容的传播，如果不这样做，将被处以最高相当于其全球收入6%的罚款。如果这项法律得到执行，维护其算法和网络的安全将是平台做出的最经济合理的决定)”可知，说明一些权威机构正在采取措施让社交媒体平台对其内容负责，G选项(一些当局正在采取措施，要求社交媒体平台对这些内容负责)符合文意。故选G项。
4．根据上文的“Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. (尽管做出了这些努力，但有两件事是明确的。首先，网络安全问题正在导致现实的、线下的痛苦。其次，社交媒体公司不能或不愿独自解决这些安全问题)可知，此段首先提到两个明确的事情，结合下文“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现)”接着说明问题不会消失，A选项(这些问题不会消失)引出下文，符合文意。故选A项。
5．根据上文的“Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic.(即使是我们认为已经解决的安全问题，比如网络欺凌，也会再次出现。随着我们的社会网络化程度越来越高，任何人，甚至青少年，都可以“远离社交媒体”的想法变得越来越不现实)”，最后一段提到随着社会越来越依赖网络，让任何人远离社交媒体变得不太现实，所以为了每个人的利益，是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了，E项(为了每个人，现在是时候要求社交媒体认真对待安全问题了)总结上文。故选E项。
（2024·北京朝阳·一模）In most adults, learning and thinking begin to decline as early as age 30. People start to perform slightly worse in tests of cognitive abilities such as the rate at which someone does a mental task. 6
These changes are often considered normal aging. But they may instead represent something more like the “summer slide” that some schoolchildren experience in academic progress during summer break. Recent research suggests that a pause of learning is indeed a problem causing cognitive reduction. 7
In a three-month intervention, the researchers provided an encouraging learning environment for 24 older adults. They took at least three classes to learn three new skills. They also discussed issues related to learning barriers and motivation. Over the course these participants’ cognitive scores for memory and flexibility significantly improved. In a follow-up study, the researchers discovered amazingly that they had improved further: 8 In other words, giving these seniors a multicourse routine seemed to bring up their abilities to levels similar to those of college students.
The researchers are still investigating why cognitive scores continued to climb after the program’s end, but one possibility is that the experience encouraged these older participants to continue learning and practicing new skills. Older adults are often assumed to be on a downward slide with unrecoverable loss. “Use it or lose it,” the saying goes. 9 Decline, as we so often see it, may not be certain. That’s why we need to create enriched learning environments for adults after their formal education and job training end.
10 Educators know how to educate children and adolescents, and we can adapt that knowledge to develop learning opportunities for adults. Societies could also provide resources and paths toward lifelong learning to ensure that everyone can benefit. Let’s shift the conversation about adults from avoiding loss and decline to learning and growing.
A．But this decline can be addressed.
B．The slide becomes sharper in their mid-60s.
C．Interrupted learning may not only affect children.
D．The question now is how society can maximize adult’s chances to keep learning.
E．Their cognitive abilities after one year were close to those of adults 50 years younger.
F．Older adult research tends to emphasize skill learning only after daily functions start to decline.
G．However, the research suggests they can increase both skills and cognitive abilities over a long term.
【答案】6．B 7．A 8．E 9．G 10．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了大多数成年人的学习能力和思维能力早在30岁时就开始衰退，年龄越大，衰退得越明显。而这一现象是可以解决的，文章通过实验证明了这一点，且表示社会应最大限度地增加成年人继续学习的机会。
6．前文“In most adults, learning and thinking begin to decline as early as age 30. People start to perform slightly worse in tests of cognitive abilities such as the rate at which someone does a mental task.(大多数成年人的学习能力和思维能力早在30岁时就开始衰退。人们开始在认知能力测试中表现得稍微差一些，比如某人完成一项脑力任务的速度)”表明成年人在30岁之后学习和思维能力就开始衰退，B选项“在他们60多岁的时候，下滑幅度会更大”同样表示年纪越大，能力衰退越大，符合本段提出的现象。其中slide与第一句中decline对应。故选B。
7．前文“Recent research suggests that a pause of learning is indeed a problem causing cognitive reduction.(最近的研究表明，学习暂停确实是导致认知能力下降的一个问题)”说明学习暂停会导致认知力下降，下一段“Over the course these participants’ cognitive scores for memory and flexibility significantly improved. In a
follow-up study, the researchers discovered amazingly that they had improved further(在这个过程中，这些参与者在记忆力和灵活性方面的认知得分显著提高。在一项后续研究中，研究人员惊奇地发现，他们有了进一步的提高)”可知，这种认知力下降是可以解决的，A选项“但这种下降是可以解决的”与前文进行转折，与下文意思相符。故选A。
8．前文“Over the course these participants’ cognitive scores for memory and flexibility significantly improved. In a follow-up study, the researchers discovered amazingly that they had improved further:(在这个过程中，这些参与者在记忆力和灵活性方面的认知得分显著提高。在一项后续研究中，研究人员惊奇地发现，他们有了进一步的提高：)”可知，前文讲述研究发现参与者的记忆力和灵活性有所提高，后文“In other words, giving these seniors a multicourse routine seemed to bring up their abilities to levels similar to those of college students.(换句话说，给这些老年人上多门课程似乎能把他们的能力提升到与大学生相似的水平)”也讲述这些老年人能力的提高，因此推断E选项“一年后，他们的认知能力接近年轻50岁的成年人”与前后文内容相对应。故选E。
9．上文“Older adults are often assumed to be on a downward slide with unrecoverable loss.(老年人通常被认为是在走下坡路，失去了无法弥补的损失)”表示老年人被普遍认为认知在走下坡路，后文“Decline, as we so often see it, may not be certain. That’s why we need to create enriched learning environments for adults after their formal education and job training end.(正如我们经常看到的那样，衰退可能并不一定会发生。这就是为什么我们需要为成年人在正规教育和职业培训结束后创造丰富的学习环境)”可知， 这种衰退不是一定会发生的，G选项“然而，研究表明，从长远来看，他们可以提高技能和认知能力”中they指代前文提到的老年人，与前文进行转折，引出下文衰退可以避免，他们可以提高技能和认知。故选G。
10．后文“Educators know how to educate children and adolescents, and we can adapt that knowledge to develop learning opportunities for adults.(教育工作者知道如何教育儿童和青少年，我们可以利用这些知识为成年人提供学习机会)”及下文“Let’s shift the conversation about adults from avoiding loss and decline to learning and growing.(让我们把成年人的话题从避免失去和衰退转移到学习和成长上来)”可知，本段重点在于提高成年人的学习和成长，D选项“现在的问题是，社会如何才能最大限度地增加成年人继续学习的机会”符合本段主旨。故选D。
（2024·北京房山·一模）The beginning of the Year of the Dragon has foreshadowed a “Song of Ice and Fire” with the emergence of Sora, a text-to-video AI model. Videos generated by Sora display strong consistency when it comes to characters and backgrounds, and support continuous shots of up to 60 seconds, including highly detailed settings and multiple camera angles. 11
However, film insiders noted that currently, AI-generated 60-second videos cannot support the creation of a full-length movie, and the idea that AI tools will “bomb” the film and television industry is so far unfounded.
Meanwhile, experts say not to worry excessively, as the integration of AI will help optimize certain occupations, attract more innovative talents and bring new possibilities to the film and television industry. 12
From the age of film stock to the digital age, from practical effects to digital effects, from 2D to 3D, Sora, like any technological revolution in the century-long history of film, will improve production efficiency, update production and may even create new genres and trends in filmmaking. 13 Students learning film production can view Sora as a helpful assistant to unleash their sci-fi imagination.
Facing the panic signals that AI tools will threaten the global film industry, film insiders argued that the fundamental DNA of film is art and that human creativity cannot be replaced. 14 Many directors, screenwriters, and actors achieve great works by continuously integrating personal emotions and life experiences. This kind of individual creativity cannot be imitated by machines like Sora.
15 However, just as the invention of printing did not replace literature or the invention of photography did not replace painting, Sora and its subsequent updates and upgrades will not replace film because the core of these art forms is creativity, which is a unique aspect of human thought.
A．With OpenAI’s iteration speed, producing AI videos dozens of minutes long is not far off.
B．It is also likely to be incorporated into film and television education and training in the future.
C．Film and television are closely linked to technological advancements, which stimulate creativity.
D．Sora will undoubtedly prompt changes in existing industrial production and may even replace some jobs.
E．Sora is undoubtedly “more of an opportunity than a challenge” for the global film and television industry.
F．Creativity and film production requires the integration of emotional experiences and individual memories.
G．This implies that with just a text description, ordinary people using Sora may be able to become “great directors”.
【答案】11．G 12．E 13．B 14．F 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了工智能模型Sora对电影产业的影响，但专家表示Sora不会取代人类。
11．根据上文“Videos generated by Sora display strong consistency when it comes to characters and backgrounds, and support continuous shots of up to 60 seconds, including highly detailed settings and multiple camera angles.”（Sora生成的视频在人物和背景方面显示出强大的一致性，并支持长达60秒的连续拍摄，包括高度详细的设置和多个相机角度。）可知，选项承接上文说明使用Sora的意义。故G选项“这意味着，只要一个文本描述，使用Sora的普通人就可能成为“伟大的导演”。故选G项。
12．根据上文“Meanwhile, experts say not to worry excessively, as the integration of AI will help optimize certain occupations, attract more innovative talents and bring new possibilities to the film and television
industry.”（与此同时，专家表示不必过度担心，因为人工智能的整合将有助于优化某些职业，吸引更多创新人才，并为影视行业带来新的可能性）可知，选项承接上文说明Sora给影视业带来了机会大于挑战。故E选项“对于全球影视业来说，Sora无疑‘与其说是挑战，不如说是机遇’”切题。故选E项。
13．根据下文“Students learning film production can view Sora as a helpful assistant to unleash their sci-fi imagination.”（学习电影制作的学生可以将Sora视为一个有用的助手，以释放他们的科幻想象力。）可知，Sora可能会被应用于影视教育和培训，成为学生一个有用的助手。故B选项“ 它也有可能在未来被纳入影视教育和培训”切题。故选B项。
14．根据上文“Facing the panic signals that AI tools will threaten the global film industry, film insiders argued that the fundamental DNA of film is art and that human creativity cannot be replaced.”（面对人工智能工具将威胁全球电影产业的恐慌信号，电影业内人士辩称，电影的基本DNA是艺术，人类的创造力是不可替代的）和下文“Many directors, screenwriters, and actors achieve great works by continuously integrating personal emotions and life experiences. This kind of individual creativity cannot be imitated by machines like Sora.”（许多导演、编剧和演员通过不断融合个人情感和生活经历来创作伟大的作品。这种个人创造力是Sora这样的机器无法模仿的）可知，选项承接上文说明人类的创造力是不可替代的原因且要引出个人情感和生活经历对伟大作品创作的重要性。故F选项“创意和电影制作需要情感体验和个人记忆的整合”切题。故选F项。
15．根据下文“However, just as the invention of printing did not replace literature or the invention of photography did not replace painting, Sora and its subsequent updates and upgrades will not replace film because the core of these art forms is creativity, which is a unique aspect of human thought.”（然而，正如印刷术的发明没有取代文学，摄影术的发明也没有取代绘画一样，Sora及其后续的更新和升级也不会取代电影，因为这些艺术形式的核心是创造力，这是人类思想的一个独特方面。）可知Sora不会取代电影、让人失去岗位，下文与选项为转折关系说明毫无疑问，Sora肯能促使变化，取代某些岗位。故D选项“Sora将促使现有工业生产发生变化，甚至可能取代一些工作岗位”切题。故选D项。
（2024·北京东城·一模）Today, what we have, is an always-in-your-pocket, 24/7 news cycle. When you open a news app, you’ll notice a brief moment when the “old news” is still there. In a flash, the ancient history of a few hours ago is swept away for the next “breaking news”. 16 It’s endless, but you had better keep up.
Researchers introduce this world to the phrase, “noise bottleneck”. A noise bottleneck is where we are overwhelmed with so much information or noise that our cognitive (认知的) abilities can’t keep up. 17 Thus, while our attention can watch hours of videos, our long-term learning processes can’t.
18 We watch TV holding our phones, and we listen to music while shopping. However, the human brain might have structural limitation rooted in the cognitive architecture which causes the slowing down that occurs
when two tasks are performed at the same time.
In short, your brain is not as good as you think it is. You are a human being who can only take in so much a day. Understanding the noise bottleneck allows us to fix it. So, here are three tips to get you going:
Clear your content-set up a new account on social media and follow only accounts or people that you think are really valuable.
Single-task — you don’t need to rid the phone but do rid the distractions. 19 Say, “I will only read this magazine after dinner.” Multitasking is for show; single-tasking is for pros.
Accept your limits — you’ll never read all the news. Accept you can only choose two or three and embrace that fact. 20 You’re getting more out of those few than that “super-productive” person on social media who says they read five books a week. After all, it’s better to have a little remembered than a lot forgotten.
A．Give yourself a time limit or restriction if it helps.
B．Don’t beat yourself up that you’re being unproductive.
C．Every second, you are presented with new information.
D．Breaking through the noise bottleneck is a legendary idea.
E．The matter is made worse by our modern addiction to multitasking.
F．Multitasking has dramatically changed the way we use information.
G．Our brains have limited resources, spread across numerous functions.
【答案】16．C 17．G 18．E 19．A 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何克服“噪音瓶颈”。
16．空前“In a flash, the ancient history of a few hours ago is swept away for the next “breaking news”.(转眼间，几小时前的古代史被下一条“突发新闻”一扫而光。)”说明旧的新闻会很快被新的新闻代替，C选项“Every second, you are presented with new information.(每一秒钟，你都会看到新的信息。)”说明每一秒都会有新的信息出现，和空前的“旧的新闻会很快被新的新闻代替”表达的意思相一致，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
17．空前“Researchers introduce this world to the phrase, “noise bottleneck”. A noise bottleneck is where we are overwhelmed with so much information or noise that our cognitive (认知的) abilities can’t keep up.(研究人员向这个世界介绍了“噪音瓶颈”这个短语。噪音瓶颈是指我们被太多的信息或噪音淹没，以至于我们的认知能力无法跟上。)”解释说明什么是“噪音瓶颈”，空格处应该继续解释这个短语，G选项“Our brains have limited resources, spread across numerous functions.(我们的大脑资源有限，分散在许多功能上。)”说明了我
们的大脑资源有限，分散在许多功能上，和空前所说的“我们被太多的信息或噪音淹没，以至于我们的认知能力无法跟上”表达意思一致，因此承接上文，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
18．空后“We watch TV holding our phones, and we listen to music while shopping. However, the human brain might have structural limitation rooted in the cognitive architecture which causes the slowing down that occurs when two tasks are performed at the same time.(我们拿着手机看电视，购物时听音乐。然而，人类大脑可能存在根植于认知结构的结构性限制，导致同时执行两项任务时速度变慢。)”说明我们同时干两件事情会导致执行两项任务时速度变慢，说明多任务处理是很糟的，E选项“The matter is made worse by our modern addiction to multitasking.(由于现代人沉迷于多任务处理，情况变得更糟。)”说明许多人沉迷于多任务，和后文人们拿着手机看电视这种现代人的习惯相承接，因此E选项引起下文，符合语境，故选E。
19．空后“Say, “I will only read this magazine after dinner.”(你可以说：“我只会在晚饭后看这本杂志。”)”说明这是在给自己一点时间上的限制，A选项“Give yourself a time limit or restriction if it helps.(如果有帮助的话，给自己一个时间限制。)”说明要给自己一点时间限制，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
20．空前“Accept your limits—you’ll never read all the news. Accept you can only choose two or three and embrace that fact.(接受你的局限——你不可能读到所有的新闻。接受你只能选择两三个，并接受这个事实。)”说明要接受自己的局限，也就是不要责怪自己办不到一些事情，B选项“Don’t beat yourself up that you’re being unproductive.(不要责怪自己没有效率。)”说明了不要责怪自己，和前面的接受自己的局限性表达一致，因此B选项承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
（2024·北京石景山·一模）About 40% adults and 19% children in the US are obese (肥胖的). Obese people are at increased risk of many serious diseases, including high blood pressure and heart disease. 21 If you are suffering from these, here’s a way of losing weight that you can try.
Dietary “self-monitoring” is a common strategy. It involves recording what they consume, and how much. The theory is that when thinking of what you put in your body, you’ll make healthier decisions. 22 There’s no doubt that dietary self-monitoring has been shown to help lose weight. However, not much is known about how long this takes or how often it should be done.
23 Recently, researchers studied obese individuals in otherwise good health who participated in a 24-week weight control program... They recorded their daily dietary intake using an online program. The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake. People who lost at least 10% of their weight recorded their food intake about 3 times a day. 24 Researchers noted people might have greater success with weight loss if they recorded their dietary intake about three times a day, rather than recording all of their meals in one sitting.
A good principle to follow may be “write when you bite”. Dietary self-monitoring can be performed in different
ways — using an online program, using a pencil or using smart-phone applications. 25
A．Can it really be that easy
B．It is important to find what works for you.
C．Thus, long-term weight loss takes time and effort.
D．The risk factors that determine obesity can be complex.
E．In comparison, those who recorded less daily lost less weight.
F．Obesity is also associated with a lower life quality and poor mental health.
G．Study shows the more often you log your eating, the more weight you might lose.
【答案】21．F 22．A 23．G 24．E 25．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在美国，肥胖问题非常严重，肥胖也给人们带来许多负面影响，文章推荐了饮食“自我监控”作为减肥的方法。
21．根据前文“Obese people are at increased risk of many serious diseases, including high blood pressure and heart disease.(肥胖的人患许多严重疾病的风险增加，包括高血压和心脏病。)”可知，此处是指肥胖带来的负面影响，所以选项F“肥胖还与较低的生活质量和较差的心理健康有关。”切合文意。故选F。
22．根据后文“There’s no doubt that dietary self-monitoring has been shown to help lose weight. However, not much is known about how long this takes or how often it should be done.(毫无疑问，饮食自我监控已被证明有助于减肥。然而，人们并不知道这需要多长时间或多久应该做一次。)”可知，此处是指前文中提到的方法是不是真的那么容易，所以选项A“真的有那么容易吗？”切合文意。故选A。
23．根据后文“The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake.(研究结果表明，连续24周每天记录食物摄入量的人比不记录摄入量的人减掉的体重更多。)”可知，此处是指研究表明记录饮食的频率越高，减重就可能越多，所以选项G“研究表明，你越频繁地记录你的饮食，你可能减掉的体重就越多。”切合文意。故选G。
24．根据前文“People who lost at least 10% of their weight recorded their food intake about 3 times a day. (体重减轻至少10%的人每天记录三次他们的食物摄入量。)”和前文“The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake.(研究结果表明，连续24周每天记录食物摄入量的人比不记录摄入量的人减掉的体重更多。)”可知，此处是指记录饮食频率高低对减肥影响的对比，所以选项E“相比之下，那些每天记录较少的人减掉的体重较少。”切合文意。故选E。
25．根据前文“Dietary self-monitoring can be performed in different ways — using an online program, using a pencil or using smart-phone applications.(饮食自我监控可以通过不同的方式进行——使用在线程序，使用铅笔或使用智能手机应用程序。)”可知，此处是指选择适合自己的记录方式，所以选项B“找到适合你的方法是很重要的。”切合文意。故选B。
（2024·北京西城·一模）Most of us are actually terrible at giving gifts. About $70 billion worth of presents are returned every year in the U. S. 26 Here are three ways to improve your gift-giving game around the holidays.
Stop trying to make your gifts so delightful. 27 We want something from giving: those looks of delight. Those exclamations. This is why items like hyper-specific kitchen gadgets and fancy vintage clocks all seem like fantastic gifts. But it turns out, recipients often want things that are far more practical — things they can actually use.
28 Just give people what they ask for. A study looked at Amazon wish lists to determine if people were more appreciative of gifts from the list versus gifts that were total surprises. It turned out that people who got gifts that weren’t on their list considered them as less thoughtful and less personal. 29
How can we create a gift-giving plan that is as emotional as we desire Humans love to feel connected. And one way we do that is by sharing interests with others. So if you want to learn how to give better gifts, put yourself in the recipient’s shoes and try to think of something you both share. Maybe it’s the love for a sport, drinking wine, or some other hobby. 30 And because you picked something you share, they will feel more connected to you and appreciate your gift more.
A．So how do we get less terrible
B．Surprise is overrated — we’re happier to get what we ask for.
C．So what's the most practical gift you can give that people might actually be grateful for
D．The long-term pleasure of the receiver may not be observed and therefore is discounted.
E．Once you’ve found a shared interest, go and find a useful gift related to this interest.
F．What recipients care about is how much value they’re going to get from the gift over a longer time period.
G．Research has shown that givers are consumed by the moment of unwrapping a gift even more than the gift itself.
【答案】26．A 27．G 28．C 29．B 30．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了三种提高送礼技巧的方法。
26．上文“About $70 billion worth of presents are returned every year in the U. S.(在美国，每年大约有价值700亿美元的礼物被退回)”提到，在美国，每年大约有价值700亿美元的礼物被退回，下文“Here are three ways
to improve your gift-giving game around the holidays.(这里有三种方法可以提高你在节日期间送礼物的技巧)”提到有三种方法可以改善上述问题，故A项“那么，我们如何才能不那么糟糕呢？”承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
27．根据下文“We want something from giving: those looks of delight. Those exclamations.(我们想从给予中获得某些东西：那些快乐的表情。那些惊呼)”可知，此处是描述送礼者的心理，G项“研究表明，送礼者更喜欢拆开礼物那一刻的感觉，而不是礼物本身”符合语境，故选G。
28．根据下文“Just give people what they ask for.(送人们他们想要的东西就好)”以及“It turned out that people who got gifts that weren’t on their list considered them as less thoughtful and less personal.(结果发现，那些收到不在清单上的礼物的人会认为这些礼物不够体贴、不够有个性)”可知，送给人们他们想要的东西就好，收到意外的礼物会让人觉得不够体贴，不够有个性，所以本段是说如何送最适合的礼物，C项“那么，你能给别人的最实用的礼物是什么呢？”符合语境，故选C。
29．根据上文“A study looked at Amazon wish lists to determine if people were more appreciative of gifts from the list versus gifts that were total surprises. It turned out that people who got gifts that weren’t on their list considered them as less thoughtful and less personal.(一项研究调查了亚马逊的愿望清单，以确定人们是更喜欢清单上的礼物，还是那些完全出乎意料的礼物。结果发现，那些收到不在清单上的礼物的人会认为这些礼物不够体贴、不够私人)”可知，人们收到不在清单上的礼物时会认为这些礼物不够体贴，即人们喜欢收到清单上的礼物，而不是惊喜，B项“‘惊喜’这个因素被高估了——我们更乐于得到我们相要的东西”符合语境，故选B。
30．上文“put yourself in the recipient’s shoes and try to think of something you both share. Maybe it’s the love for a sport, drinking wine, or some other hobby.(设身处地为收礼者着想，试着想一些你们共同拥有的东西。也许是对一项运动、喝酒或对其他爱好的热爱)”提到，站在收礼物的人的角度去想一些共同的爱好，结合下文“And because you picked something you share(因为你选择了你们共有的东西)”可知，空处是说找到共同的爱好后选择与之相关的礼物，E项“一旦你们找到了共同的兴趣，就去找一份与这个兴趣相关的有用的礼物”符合语境，故选E。
（23-24高三下·北京·阶段练习）You may not get enough physical activity throughout the day, especially since sitting still is required or encouraged in many jobs, at school, and in social situations. But there’s something you should know. Being physically inactive or sedentary (久坐不动的) can increase health risks. 31 What counts as being physically inactive
While there is no strict definition of what can be considered a sedentary lifestyle, researchers have a few different measures to assess what a sedentary lifestyle is. One measure is the time an individual spends seated or reclining (向后倚靠) during waking hours. 32 Some other researchers label people inactive or sedentary if
they take fewer than 5,000 pedometer (计步器) steps per day. 33
In the short term, being inactive can increase depression or anxiety. It can also affect the way the body processes fats and sugars in the diet and lead to some weight gain if you aren’t burning enough calories. Over the long term, sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of death from cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, diabetes, and cancer. How can you prevent being inactive
Health authorities recommend exercise at a medium level for either 30 minutes a day for five days a week or a total of 2 hours and 30 minutes per week. Walking is an easy activity to add to your day. 34 A pedometer or fitness band can show you whether you are getting enough steps. Many people aim to take 10,000 steps per day, which indicates that you have met your daily physical activity goal. 35 but the value of being more physically active is worth it for its many benefits.
A．How harmful is it
B．What’s the drawback of sedentary lifestyle
C．Fixing a sedentary lifestyle takes some conscious effort at first,
D．Now let’s learn about whether you might be classified as inactive or sedentary.
E．Simply walking more or doing household chores positively impacts health,
F．It can work to break up sitting time and add steps hourly throughout the day.
G．Spending four to six waking hours sitting or lying down is considered sedentary.
【答案】31．D 32．G 33．A 34．F 35．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了身体不活跃或久坐不动的定义以及危害，建议每周进行适度运动，并提供了预防久坐的方法。
31．上文“Being physically inactive or sedentary (久坐不动的) can increase health risks.(身体不活跃或久坐不动会增加健康风险)”说明身体不活跃或久坐不动的风险，D项中inactive or sedentary是关键词汇，D项“现在让我们来了解一下你可能被归类为不活跃还是久坐不动。”承接上文内容，引出文章的余下几段内容，符合题意。故选D。
32．上文“While there is no strict definition of what can be considered a sedentary lifestyle, researchers have a few different measures to assess what a sedentary lifestyle is. One measure is the time an individual spends seated or reclining (向后倚靠) during waking hours.(虽然对什么是久坐不动的生活方式没有严格的定义，但研究人员有几种不同的衡量标准来评估什么是久坐不动的生活方式。其中一种衡量标准是个人在清醒时坐着或向后倚靠的时间)”说明清醒时坐着或向后倚靠的时间是衡量久坐不动的标准，G项“醒着的时候坐着或躺
着四到六个小时被认为是久坐不动。”承接上文，给出具体的衡量标准：醒着的时候坐着或躺着四到六个小时会被认为是久坐不动，符合题意。故选G。
33．下文“In the short term, being inactive can increase depression or anxiety. It can also affect the way the body processes fats and sugars in the diet and lead to some weight gain if you aren’t burning enough calories. Over the long term, sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of death from cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, diabetes, and cancer.(在短期内，不活跃会增加抑郁或焦虑。如果你没有燃烧足够的卡路里，它还会影响身体在饮食中处理脂肪和糖的方式，并导致体重增加。长期来看，久坐不动的生活方式会增加心血管疾病、糖尿病和癌症的死亡风险)”说明身体不活跃或久坐不动的危害，A项“它的危害有多大？”引出下文内容，适合作为段落标题。故选A。
34．上文“Walking is an easy activity to add to your day.(散步是一项很容易的活动，能增加你一天的活动量)”说明散步的益处，F项中It指代上文的Walking，F项“它可以拆分久坐的时间，每天每小时增加步数。”进一步说明散步对于防止身体不活跃的益处，承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
35．下文“but the value of being more physically active is worth it for its many benefits. (但是，身体更活跃的价值是值得的，因为它有很多好处)”中的but说明上下文之间是转折关系，C项“一开始，修整久坐不动的生活方式需要一些有意识的努力，”与下文构成转折关系：虽然改变习惯需要做出努力，但这是值得的，上下文语意连贯。故选C。
（2024·北京延庆·一模）Do you want to be a cognitive superager when you are old Just as you take steps towards a future-proofing body, you can enhance your brain’s resilience to age-related disease by boosting cognitive reserve.
Andrew Sommerlad, an associate professor of psychiatry, discovers the power of cognitive reserve in studies of older people who show signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) in their brains. 36 Actually, three years ago, colleagues of Sommerlad had also published findings from Study of Ageing. They showed that higher levels of cognitive reserve are associated with lower levels of dementia.
37 The strong cognitive reserve is helpful to stave off symptoms of brain changes associated not just with dementia but with other brain diseases. It also helps you to function better for longer when facing unexpected life events as you get older.
How do you improve it The younger you implement things that will bolster it, the better. For example, you can do tasks that challenges your brain ability, like crosswords, reading, giving impromptu speech and critical thinking. 38 So, do mind-body practices like yoga, Tai Chi or meditation to reduce stress is also important. This can help you balance the periods of mental demand and relaxation.
39 ideally, seven to nine hours is optimal for enhancing cognitive reserve. Start by improving your
sleep hygiene with steps such as avoiding electronic screens.
Cognitive reserve is developed through a lifetime of education, curiosity and persistence. 40
A．Its effects are wide reaching.
B．Additionally, maintain regular sleep patterns.
C．So plan ahead to make sure you keep cognitively busy and engaged!
D．There are ways you can improve sleep, for both young and old people.
E．It suggests that developing a good cognitive reserve can be powerfully protective.
F．However, thinking too hard for too long may wear you out, hurting cognitive reserve.
G．They cope better with pathological (病理上的) changes, the higher their powers of cognitive reserve.
【答案】36．G 37．A 38．F 39．B 40．C
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是我们可以过增强认知储备来增强大脑对与年龄有关的疾病的抵御能力。
36．
根据空后的“They showed that higher levels of cognitive reserve are associated with lower levels of dementia.(他们发现，认知储备水平越高，痴呆症的发病率就越低)”可知，研究人员发现认知储备水平越高，痴呆症的发病率就越低。选项G“They cope better with pathological (病理上的) changes, the higher their powers of cognitive (他们的认知能力越强，就能更好地应对病理性变化)”与下文内容保持一致，指的是当有阿尔茨海默氏症迹象的老年人认知能力越强，就能更好地应对病理性变化。故选G。
37．
空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文内容“The strong cognitive reserve is helpful to stave off symptoms of brain changes associated not just with dementia but with other brain diseases. It also helps you to function better for longer when facing unexpected life events as you get older.(强大的认知储备有助于延缓大脑变化的症状，这些变化不仅与痴呆症有关，而且与其他脑部疾病有关。随着年龄的增长，当你面对意想不到的生活事件时，它还能帮助你更好地运作更长时间)”可知，本段主要讲述的是强大的认知储备所带来的影响是各个方面的。选项A“Its effects are wide reaching.(它的影响是广泛的)”与本段内容相符。故选A。
38．
根据上文内容“For example, you can do tasks that challenges your brain ability, like crosswords, reading, giving impromptu speech and critical thinking.(例如，你可以做一些挑战你大脑能力的任务，比如填字游戏、阅读、即兴演讲和批判性思维)”可知，上文建议我们可以做一些挑战大脑能力的任务。选项F“However,
thinking too hard for too long may wear you out, hurting cognitive reserve.(然而，太长时间的苦思苦想可能会让你精疲力竭，损害认知储备)”是上文内容的延续，指出太长时间的思考会损害认知储备，从而自然引出空后的“So, do mind-body practices like yoga, Tai Chi or meditation to reduce stress is also important.(因此，做瑜伽、太极或冥想等身心练习来减轻压力也很重要)”指出，长时间思考会损害认知储备，所以应该做瑜伽、太极或冥想来减压。故选F。
39．
根据空后“ideally, seven to nine hours is optimal for enhancing cognitive reserve. Start by improving your sleep hygiene with steps such as avoiding electronic screens.(理想情况下，7到9小时是增强认知储备的最佳时间。从改善睡眠卫生开始，比如避免使用电子屏幕)”可知，下文讲述的是要保证睡眠。选项B“Additionally, maintain regular sleep patterns.(另外，保持规律的睡眠模式)”与下文内容一致，指的是我们要保持规律的睡眠模式。故选B。
40．
根据上文“Cognitive reserve is developed through a lifetime of education, curiosity and persistence.(认知储备是通过一生的教育、好奇心和毅力发展起来的)”可知，本段是文章的总结，指出认知储备需要一生的教育、好奇心和毅力。选项C“So plan ahead to make sure you keep cognitively busy and engaged!(所以提前计划，确保你在认知上保持忙碌和投入)”是上文内容的延续，指出认知储备需要一生的教育、好奇心和毅力，所以我们应该提前计划。故选C。
（23-24高三下·北京·开学考试）The next time you attend a social function or go to a place where people meet and interact, take note of the number of people who have adopted the same gestures and posture-the way you sit or stand-of the person with whom they are talking. 41 By this method, one is non-verbally (非语言的) saying to the other, “As you can see, I think the same as you, so I will copy your posture and gesture.”
42 Take, for example, the two men standing at the hotel bar. They have mirrored each other’s gestures and it is reasonable to assume that they are discussing a topic upon which they have the same thoughts and feelings. If one man uncrosses his arms and legs or stands on the other foot, the other will follow. If one puts his hand in his pocket, the other will copy and this mimicry will continue for as long as the two men are in agreement.
This copying also occurs among good friends or people of the same social position and it is common to see married couples walk, stand, sit and move in very similar ways. 43 The significance of carbon copying can be one of the most important non-verbal lessons we can learn, for this is one way that others tell us that they agree with us or like us. It is also a way for us to tell others that we like them, by simply copying their gestures.
If an employer wishes to develop immediate friendliness and create d relaxing atmosphere with an employee, he needs to copy the employee’s posture to achieve the end. 44 Using the knowledge, it is possible to influence
a face-to-face encounter (邂逅) by copying the positive gestures and postures of the other person. 45
A．Observing people talk is a good way to understand this idea.
B．This “carbon copying” is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes.
C．Similarly, an up-and-coming employee may be seen copying his boss’ gestures in an attempt to show agreement.
D．This unconscious mimicry (无意识模仿) is quite interesting to observe.
E．This has the effect of putting the other person in a receptive and relaxed frame of mind and he can “see” that you understand his point of view.
F．Such a way of copying expresses the idea of following one’s example.
G．People who are strangers, however, try hard to avoid holding mutual (相互的) positions.
【答案】41．B 42．D 43．G 44．C 45．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了“碳模仿”现象，是指一个人通过模仿另一个人的姿势和手势，来告诉另一个人自己赞同他的想法和态度。同时列举这种现象经常发生的场所，以及如何利用这些知识来让对方处于一种接受和放松的心态，“看到”你理解他的观点。
41．由上文“The next time you attend a social function or go to a place where people meet and interact, take note of the number of people who have adopted the same gestures and posture-the way you sit or stand-of the person with whom they are talking. (下次你参加社交活动或去一个人们见面和互动的地方时，注意一下有多少人采取了同样的手势和姿势——你坐着或站着的方式。)”可知，本空要对这种现象进行定义，由后文“By this method, one is non-verbally saying to the other, “As you can see, I think the same as you, so I will copy your posture and gesture.” (通过这种方法，一个人对另一个人说：“正如你所看到的，我和你的想法一样，所以我将模仿你的姿势和手势。”)”可知，本句要表达这种现象表示别人和你的想法一样，故B选项“This “carbon copying” is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes. (这种“碳模仿”是一种手段，一个人告诉另一个人，他同意他的想法和态度。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。
42．由下文“Take, for example, the two men standing at the hotel bar. They have mirrored each other’s gestures and it is reasonable to assume that they are discussing a topic upon which they have the same thoughts and feelings. If one man uncrosses his arms and legs or stands on the other foot, the other will follow. If one puts his hand in his pocket, the other will copy and this mimicry will continue for as long as the two men are in agreement. (以站在酒店酒吧的两个人为例。他们模仿了彼此的手势，我们有理由假设他们正在讨
论一个话题，他们有相同的想法和感受。如果一个人不交叉双臂和双腿，或者用另一只脚站立，另一个人也会跟着。如果一个人把手放在口袋里，另一个人就会模仿，只要两个人意见一致，这种模仿就会一直持续下去。)”可知，本空要说对“这种模仿”的概括，故D选项“This unconscious mimicry (无意识模仿) is quite interesting to observe. (这种无意识的模仿非常有趣。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。
43．由上文“This copying also occurs among good friends or people of the same social position and it is common to see married couples walk, stand, sit and move in very similar ways. (这种模仿也会发生在好朋友或社会地位相同的人之间，我们经常看到已婚夫妇走路、站立、坐着和移动的方式非常相似。)”可知，这种模仿发生在熟悉的人身上，故G选项“People who are strangers, however, try hard to avoid holding mutual (相互的) positions. (然而，陌生人会努力避免保持共同的姿势。)”与上文为转折关系，进一步解释这种模仿发生在熟悉的人身上，陌生人会努力避免这种模仿，符合题意。故选G。
44．由上文“If an employer wishes to develop immediate friendliness and create d relaxing atmosphere with an employee, he needs to copy the employee’s posture to achieve the end. (如果雇主希望与员工建立直接的友好关系，创造轻松的氛围，他需要模仿员工的姿势来达到目的。)”可知，本空要说跟“雇主与员工间的模仿”有关的话题，故C选项“Similarly, an up-and-coming employee may be seen copying his boss’ gestures in an attempt to show agreement. (同样，一个崭露头角的员工可能会模仿老板的手势，试图表示同意。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选C。
45．由上文“Using the knowledge, it is possible to influence a face-to-face encounter (邂逅) by copying the positive gestures and postures of the other person. (利用这些知识，可以通过模仿他人的积极手势和姿势来影响面对面的交流。)”可知，本空要说跟“模仿他人对面对面的交流的影响”有关的话题，故E选项“This has the effect of putting the other person in a receptive and relaxed frame of mind and he can “see” that you understand his point of view. (这会让对方处于一种接受和放松的心态中，他可以“看到”你理解他的观点。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
（23-24高三下·北京·开学考试）Endless studies show the physical, mental and longevity-based benefits of working out, while plenty suggest that avoiding activity is bad. But headlines about someone collapsing after a row always stick in the mind. So, how risky is training too hard 46
The NHS recommends that healthy adults aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity — but doesn’t suggest where to stop. This is because the ability to handle excess exertion (过度努力) depends on many varied factors.
The exact cause of “overtraining”, in the sense of doing too much over an extended period, is still being debated. 47 Others suggest the intestinal microbiota (肠道菌群) are involved. Whatever the case, it can hurt the rest of your life, making you moody, tired, or injury-prone.
The best advice is to pay attention when you lack energy or feel unwell and back off a bit. If you are a runner, this can also help with the common complaint of shin splints (胫骨骨膜炎), or more serious stress fractures, which are tiny cracks in the bone itself. The latter, which can be due to a sudden increase in training intensity, won’t heal until you ease off. 48
“The obvious risk factors are linked to impact and exertion,” says Steve Hoyles, a personal trainer and gym owner. “Running is a high-impact activity and analysis shows that inexperienced runners suffer an average of 17.8 injuries per 1,000 hours, whereas in gym users the average is 5.3 injuries per 1,000 hours. 49 Combining these with a form of resistance training would be helpful. Strong muscles, bones, and connective tissues are more resistant to injury than weaker tissues, so prioritise some form of strength training, regardless of your exercise of choice.”
50 By easing in and increasing the difficulty gradually, you will learn to listen to your body, which can help to warn you if something does go wrong. By not thrashing yourself from the start, you will learn to love exercise — and do it for the long haul.
A．The story is similar for men and women at risk of stroke.
B．So do your best to avoid them by not pushing too hard, or too fast.
C．Some experts theorise that it’s all about the central nervous system.
D．Swimming and cycling are low-impact but offer limited strength benefits.
E．And is there a way to make sure you never cross that red line into dangerous territory
F．If you don’t have existing p《备战2024年高考英语二轮真题零失误规范训练》（北京专用）
专题16 阅读理解七选五3年真题+最新模拟15篇 （技能+真题+模拟）
原卷版
目 录
技能专区 1
真题专区 3
模拟专区 5
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
七选五解题步骤
一、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。
二、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容的关键词。明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。
三、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。
根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
四、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
五、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
七选五思维导图
真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数！
（2023·北京·统考高考真题）It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a decision. 1
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not counted in rankings. 2
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching than courses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education. Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding. 4 Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the result Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
5 Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do They should give strong consideration to universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
（2022·北京·高考真题）Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our health. 6 It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
7 We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any
disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. 8 This does not definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. 9 For instance, we must exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. 10 This, in turn, gives us new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
（2021·北京·高考真题）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people. 11 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued. Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes.
12 However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain. By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels. This，of course，can lead to less pain.
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed. 13 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure. Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety.
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health. In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure. 14 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit.
15 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable.
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems.
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud.
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing.
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep.
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive.
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety.
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were.
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心！
（2024·北京海淀·一模）When you get in a car, you expect it will have functioning brakes. When you pick up medicine at the drugstore, you expect it won’t be polluted. But it wasn’t always like this. The safety of these products was terrible when they first came to market. It took much research and regulation to figure out how users can enjoy the benefits of these products without getting harmed. 1
Social media risks are everywhere. The dangers that algorithms designed to maximize attention represent to teens have become impossible to ignore. Other product design elements, often called “dark patterns,” designed to keep people using for longer, also appear to tip young users into social media overuse. 2 They say it’s their users’ fault for engaging with harmful content in the first place, even if those users are children or the content is financial trickery. They also claim to be defending free speech.
3 Under the Digital Services Act, which came into effect in Europe this year, platforms are required to take action to stop the spread of illegal content and can be fined up to 6 percent of their global incomes if they don’t do so. If this law is enforced, maintaining the safety of their algorithms and networks will be the most financially sound decision for platforms to make.
Despite these efforts, two things are clear. First, online safety problems are leading to real, offline suffering. Second, social media companies can’t, or won’t, solve these safety problems on their own. 4 Even safety issues like cyberbullying that we thought were solved can pop right back up. As our society moves online to an ever-greater degree, the idea that anyone, even teens, can just “stay off social media” becomes less and less realistic. 5
A．And those problems aren’t going away.
B．The current issues aren’t really about offline suffering.
C．Platforms already have systems to remove violent or harmful content.
D．Similarly, social media needs product safety standards to keep users safe.
E．It’s time we should require social media to take safety seriously, for everyone’s sake.
F．Internet platforms, however, have shifted blame on the consumers whenever criticized.
G．Some authorities are taking steps to hold social media platforms accountable for the content.
（2024·北京朝阳·一模）In most adults, learning and thinking begin to decline as early as age 30. People start to perform slightly worse in tests of cognitive abilities such as the rate at which someone does a mental task. 6
These changes are often considered normal aging. But they may instead represent something more like the “summer slide” that some schoolchildren experience in academic progress during summer break. Recent research suggests that a pause of learning is indeed a problem causing cognitive reduction. 7
In a three-month intervention, the researchers provided an encouraging learning environment for 24 older adults. They took at least three classes to learn three new skills. They also discussed issues related to learning barriers and motivation. Over the course these participants’ cognitive scores for memory and flexibility significantly improved. In a follow-up study, the researchers discovered amazingly that they had improved further: 8 In other words, giving these seniors a multicourse routine seemed to bring up their abilities to levels similar to those of college students.
The researchers are still investigating why cognitive scores continued to climb after the program’s end, but one possibility is that the experience encouraged these older participants to continue learning and practicing new skills. Older adults are often assumed to be on a downward slide with unrecoverable loss. “Use it or lose it,” the saying goes. 9 Decline, as we so often see it, may not be certain. That’s why we need to create enriched learning environments for adults after their formal education and job training end.
10 Educators know how to educate children and adolescents, and we can adapt that knowledge to develop learning opportunities for adults. Societies could also provide resources and paths toward lifelong learning to ensure that everyone can benefit. Let’s shift the conversation about adults from avoiding loss and decline to learning and growing.
A．But this decline can be addressed.
B．The slide becomes sharper in their mid-60s.
C．Interrupted learning may not only affect children.
D．The question now is how society can maximize adult’s chances to keep learning.
E．Their cognitive abilities after one year were close to those of adults 50 years younger.
F．Older adult research tends to emphasize skill learning only after daily functions start to decline.
G．However, the research suggests they can increase both skills and cognitive abilities over a long term.
（2024·北京房山·一模）The beginning of the Year of the Dragon has foreshadowed a “Song of Ice and Fire” with the emergence of Sora, a text-to-video AI model. Videos generated by Sora display strong consistency when it comes to characters and backgrounds, and support continuous shots of up to 60 seconds, including highly detailed settings and multiple camera angles. 11
However, film insiders noted that currently, AI-generated 60-second videos cannot support the creation of a full-length movie, and the idea that AI tools will “bomb” the film and television industry is so far unfounded. Meanwhile, experts say not to worry excessively, as the integration of AI will help optimize certain occupations, attract more innovative talents and bring new possibilities to the film and television industry. 12
From the age of film stock to the digital age, from practical effects to digital effects, from 2D to 3D, Sora, like any technological revolution in the century-long history of film, will improve production efficiency, update production and may even create new genres and trends in filmmaking. 13 Students learning film production can view Sora as a helpful assistant to unleash their sci-fi imagination.
Facing the panic signals that AI tools will threaten the global film industry, film insiders argued that the fundamental DNA of film is art and that human creativity cannot be replaced. 14 Many directors, screenwriters, and actors achieve great works by continuously integrating personal emotions and life experiences. This kind of individual creativity cannot be imitated by machines like Sora.
15 However, just as the invention of printing did not replace literature or the invention of photography did not replace painting, Sora and its subsequent updates and upgrades will not replace film because the core of these art forms is creativity, which is a unique aspect of human thought.
A．With OpenAI’s iteration speed, producing AI videos dozens of minutes long is not far off.
B．It is also likely to be incorporated into film and television education and training in the future.
C．Film and television are closely linked to technological advancements, which stimulate creativity.
D．Sora will undoubtedly prompt changes in existing industrial production and may even replace some jobs.
E．Sora is undoubtedly “more of an opportunity than a challenge” for the global film and television industry.
F．Creativity and film production requires the integration of emotional experiences and individual memories.
G．This implies that with just a text description, ordinary people using Sora may be able to become “great directors”.
（2024·北京东城·一模）Today, what we have, is an always-in-your-pocket, 24/7 news cycle. When you open a
news app, you’ll notice a brief moment when the “old news” is still there. In a flash, the ancient history of a few hours ago is swept away for the next “breaking news”. 16 It’s endless, but you had better keep up.
Researchers introduce this world to the phrase, “noise bottleneck”. A noise bottleneck is where we are overwhelmed with so much information or noise that our cognitive (认知的) abilities can’t keep up. 17 Thus, while our attention can watch hours of videos, our long-term learning processes can’t.
18 We watch TV holding our phones, and we listen to music while shopping. However, the human brain might have structural limitation rooted in the cognitive architecture which causes the slowing down that occurs when two tasks are performed at the same time.
In short, your brain is not as good as you think it is. You are a human being who can only take in so much a day. Understanding the noise bottleneck allows us to fix it. So, here are three tips to get you going:
Clear your content-set up a new account on social media and follow only accounts or people that you think are really valuable.
Single-task — you don’t need to rid the phone but do rid the distractions. 19 Say, “I will only read this magazine after dinner.” Multitasking is for show; single-tasking is for pros.
Accept your limits — you’ll never read all the news. Accept you can only choose two or three and embrace that fact. 20 You’re getting more out of those few than that “super-productive” person on social media who says they read five books a week. After all, it’s better to have a little remembered than a lot forgotten.
A．Give yourself a time limit or restriction if it helps.
B．Don’t beat yourself up that you’re being unproductive.
C．Every second, you are presented with new information.
D．Breaking through the noise bottleneck is a legendary idea.
E．The matter is made worse by our modern addiction to multitasking.
F．Multitasking has dramatically changed the way we use information.
G．Our brains have limited resources, spread across numerous functions.
（2024·北京石景山·一模）About 40% adults and 19% children in the US are obese (肥胖的). Obese people are at increased risk of many serious diseases, including high blood pressure and heart disease. 21 If you are suffering from these, here’s a way of losing weight that you can try.
Dietary “self-monitoring” is a common strategy. It involves recording what they consume, and how much. The theory is that when thinking of what you put in your body, you’ll make healthier decisions. 22 There’s no
doubt that dietary self-monitoring has been shown to help lose weight. However, not much is known about how long this takes or how often it should be done.
23 Recently, researchers studied obese individuals in otherwise good health who participated in a 24-week weight control program... They recorded their daily dietary intake using an online program. The findings demonstrated that people who continued to record their food intake daily for 24 weeks lost more weight compared to those who quit noting their intake. People who lost at least 10% of their weight recorded their food intake about 3 times a day. 24 Researchers noted people might have greater success with weight loss if they recorded their dietary intake about three times a day, rather than recording all of their meals in one sitting.
A good principle to follow may be “write when you bite”. Dietary self-monitoring can be performed in different ways — using an online program, using a pencil or using smart-phone applications. 25
A．Can it really be that easy
B．It is important to find what works for you.
C．Thus, long-term weight loss takes time and effort.
D．The risk factors that determine obesity can be complex.
E．In comparison, those who recorded less daily lost less weight.
F．Obesity is also associated with a lower life quality and poor mental health.
G．Study shows the more often you log your eating, the more weight you might lose.
（2024·北京西城·一模）Most of us are actually terrible at giving gifts. About $70 billion worth of presents are returned every year in the U. S. 26 Here are three ways to improve your gift-giving game around the holidays.
Stop trying to make your gifts so delightful. 27 We want something from giving: those looks of delight. Those exclamations. This is why items like hyper-specific kitchen gadgets and fancy vintage clocks all seem like fantastic gifts. But it turns out, recipients often want things that are far more practical — things they can actually use.
28 Just give people what they ask for. A study looked at Amazon wish lists to determine if people were more appreciative of gifts from the list versus gifts that were total surprises. It turned out that people who got gifts that weren’t on their list considered them as less thoughtful and less personal. 29
How can we create a gift-giving plan that is as emotional as we desire Humans love to feel connected. And one way we do that is by sharing interests with others. So if you want to learn how to give better gifts, put yourself in the recipient’s shoes and try to think of something you both share. Maybe it’s the love for a sport, drinking wine, or some other hobby. 30 And because you picked something you share, they will feel more connected to you
and appreciate your gift more.
A．So how do we get less terrible
B．Surprise is overrated — we’re happier to get what we ask for.
C．So what's the most practical gift you can give that people might actually be grateful for
D．The long-term pleasure of the receiver may not be observed and therefore is discounted.
E．Once you’ve found a shared interest, go and find a useful gift related to this interest.
F．What recipients care about is how much value they’re going to get from the gift over a longer time period.
G．Research has shown that givers are consumed by the moment of unwrapping a gift even more than the gift itself.
（23-24高三下·北京·阶段练习）You may not get enough physical activity throughout the day, especially since sitting still is required or encouraged in many jobs, at school, and in social situations. But there’s something you should know. Being physically inactive or sedentary (久坐不动的) can increase health risks. 31 What counts as being physically inactive
While there is no strict definition of what can be considered a sedentary lifestyle, researchers have a few different measures to assess what a sedentary lifestyle is. One measure is the time an individual spends seated or reclining (向后倚靠) during waking hours. 32 Some other researchers label people inactive or sedentary if they take fewer than 5,000 pedometer (计步器) steps per day. 33
In the short term, being inactive can increase depression or anxiety. It can also affect the way the body processes fats and sugars in the diet and lead to some weight gain if you aren’t burning enough calories. Over the long term, sedentary lifestyles increase the risk of death from cardiovascular (心血管的) disease, diabetes, and cancer. How can you prevent being inactive
Health authorities recommend exercise at a medium level for either 30 minutes a day for five days a week or a total of 2 hours and 30 minutes per week. Walking is an easy activity to add to your day. 34 A pedometer or fitness band can show you whether you are getting enough steps. Many people aim to take 10,000 steps per day, which indicates that you have met your daily physical activity goal. 35 but the value of being more physically active is worth it for its many benefits.
A．How harmful is it
B．What’s the drawback of sedentary lifestyle
C．Fixing a sedentary lifestyle takes some conscious effort at first,
D．Now let’s learn about whether you might be classified as inactive or sedentary.
E．Simply walking more or doing household chores positively impacts health,
F．It can work to break up sitting time and add steps hourly throughout the day.
G．Spending four to six waking hours sitting or lying down is considered sedentary.
（2024·北京延庆·一模）Do you want to be a cognitive superager when you are old Just as you take steps towards a future-proofing body, you can enhance your brain’s resilience to age-related disease by boosting cognitive reserve.
Andrew Sommerlad, an associate professor of psychiatry, discovers the power of cognitive reserve in studies of older people who show signs of Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默症) in their brains. 36 Actually, three years ago, colleagues of Sommerlad had also published findings from Study of Ageing. They showed that higher levels of cognitive reserve are associated with lower levels of dementia.
37 The strong cognitive reserve is helpful to stave off symptoms of brain changes associated not just with dementia but with other brain diseases. It also helps you to function better for longer when facing unexpected life events as you get older.
How do you improve it The younger you implement things that will bolster it, the better. For example, you can do tasks that challenges your brain ability, like crosswords, reading, giving impromptu speech and critical thinking. 38 So, do mind-body practices like yoga, Tai Chi or meditation to reduce stress is also important. This can help you balance the periods of mental demand and relaxation.
39 ideally, seven to nine hours is optimal for enhancing cognitive reserve. Start by improving your sleep hygiene with steps such as avoiding electronic screens.
Cognitive reserve is developed through a lifetime of education, curiosity and persistence. 40
A．Its effects are wide reaching.
B．Additionally, maintain regular sleep patterns.
C．So plan ahead to make sure you keep cognitively busy and engaged!
D．There are ways you can improve sleep, for both young and old people.
E．It suggests that developing a good cognitive reserve can be powerfully protective.
F．However, thinking too hard for too long may wear you out, hurting cognitive reserve.
G．They cope better with pathological (病理上的) changes, the higher their powers of cognitive reserve.
（23-24高三下·北京·开学考试）The next time you attend a social function or go to a place where people meet and interact, take note of the number of people who have adopted the same gestures and posture-the way you sit or
stand-of the person with whom they are talking. 41 By this method, one is non-verbally (非语言的) saying to the other, “As you can see, I think the same as you, so I will copy your posture and gesture.”
42 Take, for example, the two men standing at the hotel bar. They have mirrored each other’s gestures and it is reasonable to assume that they are discussing a topic upon which they have the same thoughts and feelings. If one man uncrosses his arms and legs or stands on the other foot, the other will follow. If one puts his hand in his pocket, the other will copy and this mimicry will continue for as long as the two men are in agreement.
This copying also occurs among good friends or people of the same social position and it is common to see married couples walk, stand, sit and move in very similar ways. 43 The significance of carbon copying can be one of the most important non-verbal lessons we can learn, for this is one way that others tell us that they agree with us or like us. It is also a way for us to tell others that we like them, by simply copying their gestures.
If an employer wishes to develop immediate friendliness and create d relaxing atmosphere with an employee, he needs to copy the employee’s posture to achieve the end. 44 Using the knowledge, it is possible to influence a face-to-face encounter (邂逅) by copying the positive gestures and postures of the other person. 45
A．Observing people talk is a good way to understand this idea.
B．This “carbon copying” is a means by which one person tells the other that he is in agreement with his ideas and attitudes.
C．Similarly, an up-and-coming employee may be seen copying his boss’ gestures in an attempt to show agreement.
D．This unconscious mimicry (无意识模仿) is quite interesting to observe.
E．This has the effect of putting the other person in a receptive and relaxed frame of mind and he can “see” that you understand his point of view.
F．Such a way of copying expresses the idea of following one’s example.
G．People who are strangers, however, try hard to avoid holding mutual (相互的) positions.
（23-24高三下·北京·开学考试）Endless studies show the physical, mental and longevity-based benefits of working out, while plenty suggest that avoiding activity is bad. But headlines about someone collapsing after a row always stick in the mind. So, how risky is training too hard 46
The NHS recommends that healthy adults aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity — but doesn’t suggest where to stop. This is because the ability to handle excess exertion (过度努力) depends on many varied factors.
The exact cause of “overtraining”, in the sense of doing too much over an extended period, is still being debated. 47 Others suggest the intestinal microbiota (肠道菌群) are involved. Whatever the case, it can hurt the rest of
your life, making you moody, tired, or injury-prone.
The best advice is to pay attention when you lack energy or feel unwell and back off a bit. If you are a runner, this can also help with the common complaint of shin splints (胫骨骨膜炎), or more serious stress fractures, which are tiny cracks in the bone itself. The latter, which can be due to a sudden increase in training intensity, won’t heal until you ease off. 48
“The obvious risk factors are linked to impact and exertion,” says Steve Hoyles, a personal trainer and gym owner. “Running is a high-impact activity and analysis shows that inexperienced runners suffer an average of 17.8 injuries per 1,000 hours, whereas in gym users the average is 5.3 injuries per 1,000 hours. 49 Combining these with a form of resistance training would be helpful. Strong muscles, bones, and connective tissues are more resistant to injury than weaker tissues, so prioritise some form of strength training, regardless of your exercise of choice.”
50 By easing in and increasing the difficulty gradually, you will learn to listen to your body, which can help to warn you if something does go wrong. By not thrashing yourself from the start, you will learn to love exercise — and do it for the long haul.
A．The story is similar for men and women at risk of stroke.
B．So do your best to avoid them by not pushing too hard, or too fast.
C．Some experts theorise that it’s all about the central nervous system.
D．Swimming and cycling are low-impact but offer limited strength benefits.
E．And is there a way to make sure you never cross that red line into dangerous territory
F．If you don’t have existing problems, the chances of something going wrong are very low.
G．Exercise will improve your quality of life and almost certainly your chances of living longer.
（2023·北京·模拟预测）Children love getting dirty. 51 But getting muddy could have a powerful effect on their wellbeing, too.
“Don’t get dirty!” was once a constant family warning, as parents despairingly watched their children spoil their best clothes. Whether they were running through farmers’ fields, climbing trees or catching tadpoles, it was inevitable that children’s whites would turn brown before the day was over.
Today, many parents may secretly wish their children had the chance to pick up a bit of dirt. With the rise of urbanism, and the temptation of video games and social media, contact with nature is much rarer than in the past. 52
What is gained in laundry bills may be lost in the child’s wellbeing. According to recent research, the dirt outside is teaming with friendly microorganisms. 53
Many of the psychological benefits of outdoor play are already well established. Natural scenes provide the perfect level of stimulation, which is thought to help recharge the brain when it is tired and easily distractible. Supporting this theory, one study from 2009 found that children with ADHD (多动症) were better able to concentrate following a 20-minute walk in the park, compared to a 20-minute walk on the streets of a well-kept urban area. 54 The authors recommended using such “doses of nature” as a safe and accessible way of supporting children with ADHD, alongside other tools.
55 For example, the act of mudding and kneading materials like mud or sand can help children develop the way their senses and movement interact, known as sensorimotor development. This allows the child to gradually understand his or her bodily signals.
A．For many, there is simply no opportunity to get muddy.
B．Being close to grass and trees seemed to have had a beneficial effect on their minds.
C．Besides these restorative effects, outdoor play can offer valuable learning experiences.
D．They are drawn to puddles like muddy magnets, with no regard for footwear or the color of their clothing.
E．As for the child’s physical health, the most obvious advantage of outdoor play may be the exercise.
F．People who grow up on farms are less likely to develop asthma, allergies, or auto-immune disorders.
G．They can train the immune system and build resilience to a range of illnesses, including allergies and asthma.
（2023·北京·三模）In some ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed down through the generations reliably enough for parents and children to communicate with each other. 56 For example, while Japanese has changed relatively little over a thousand years, English evolved rapidly in just a few centuries. Many present day speakers find Shakespear’s sixteenth-century plays difficult and Chaucer’s fourteenth-century The Canterbury Tales nearly impossible to read.
Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social, economic, and political pressures, as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration. 57 Frequently, the needs of speakers drive language change. New technologies industries, products and experiences simply require new words. By using new and emerging terms, we all drive language change. But the unique way that individuals speak also fuels language change because no two individuals use a language in exactly the same way. 58 Through our day-to-day interactions, we pick up words and savings from other people
and integrate them into our speech. Teens and young adults, for example, often use different words and phrases from their parents. Some of them spread through the population and slowly change the language.
59 Vocabulary can change quickly as new words are borrowed from other languages, or as words get coined, combined, or shortened. Some words are even created through misinterpretation of form. As noted in the Linguistic Society of America’s publication Is English Changing , the word pea is one such example. Up until about four hundred years ago, pease could refer to either a single pea or many peas. At some point, people assumed that pease was the plural form of a new word, pea, based on the way pease sounded. While vocabulary can change quickly, sentence structure — the order of words in a sentence changes more slowly. 60 For example, during the Great Vowel Shift five hundred years ago, the pronunciation of vowels in English changed dramatically. This shift represents the biggest difference between the pronunciation of Middle English and Modern English.
A．Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting.
B．Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time — at different rates though.
C．As long as people are using a language, that language will undergo some change.
D．All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas of language use.
E．The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation.
F．Even without these kinds of influences, a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking.
G．The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live, their age, education level, social status and other factors.
（2023·北京·三模）How does it feel when you solve your problem by yourself Things may not always go as planned. 61
Being resourceful means finding smart and creative ways to solve a problem, using whatever resources you have at the time. 62 They can also be anything else that’s useful, such as information, advice or your own experience. It also means trusting your instincts, the ability you’re born with, rather than through training and being confident about your ability to face challenges. A resourceful person is not the one getting cross or panicking when something goes wrong. They’re thinking about how to solve the problem.
63 When we learn to solve problems for ourselves rather than immediately going to others for help, it can help to build our confidence, help us feel more independent, and feel better about making decisions. Being resourceful may not help you avoid problems, but thinking creatively about how you can deal with them will make you feel less stressed and more prepared next time. 64 This can boost self-esteem, that is, how you feel about
yourself.
When you’re facing a challenge, try to focus on the actual problem rather than how you feel about it. Think about where and when it happened and what the causes are. Next, think up as many solutions to the problem as you can. 65 Finally, review what has and hasn’t worked, so you’re equipped to deal with a situation next time.
And remember, no one is expected to solve all problems by themselves. If you have a tricky problem that you’re unable to solve, then ask a trusted adult for help.
A．You also learn what you’re good at.
B．Here is how you can be more resourceful.
C．They can be practical things like pens and paper.
D．Resourcefulness is a skill that’s good for you in lots of ways.
E．These may be famous mottos that always inspire us to move on.
F．Weigh up what’s good and bad about each one and choose the best.
G．But being resourceful can help you stay calm and deal with tricky situations.
（2023·北京海淀·三模）Every day, thousands of rangers patrol national parks and other protected areas in Africa. Their job is fraught with danger, both from hostile humans armed with automatic weapons and from the unappreciative and potentially aggressive wildlife, armed with tusks, teeth and claws, which they are helping to preserve. 66
That is particularly true of data on poaching (偷猎), which remains, in both senses of the word, an elephantine problem. Since 2006 African elephant populations have declined by around 30%. In 2021, according to Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants (MIKE), a conservation programme, around 40% of elephant deaths were a result of poaching.
67 The MIKE data show a welcome fall in rates throughout the 2010s, but according to research published in 2020 by Scott Schlossberg of Elephants Without Borders, a charity, this can be attributed entirely to a decline in eastern Africa.
Elsewhere, there is great variation in the pressure on animals like elephants. Some parks, like Garamba in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), are badly hit — with more than 90% of the bodies found by rangers being victims of poachers. 68 To untangle the factors influencing poaching, Timothy Kuiper of the University of Cape Town, Eleanor Milner-Gulland at Oxford, and a team of collaborators have analysed data collected for MIKE by rangers from 64 sites in 30 African countries over the course of 19 years. They correlated these with potentially
relevant factors, both natural and human, and have published their findings in the Proceedings of the Royal Society.
Natural variables such as habitat type, they discovered, make little difference. 69 Unsurprisingly, low household wealth, poor health, poor law enforcement and poor national governance all contributed to higher rates of poaching. So did the price of ivory.
70 For there did not seem to be much. The impact was a consequence of a few special cases in DRC, the Central African Republic and Ethiopia, rather than a general rule about young men with guns behaving badly.
One factor that was unquantifiable, and therefore untestable, according to Dr Kuiper, was local political will to preserve wildlife. But this study does nevertheless confirm observations made elsewhere, that the best form of conservation is a prosperous population.
A．Human ones predominate.
B．The severity of elephant poaching varies from place to place.
C．Humans are the biggest factor defining elephant ranges across Africa.
D．There was one unexpected result, though — the impact of armed conflict.
E．But their work is important, not least because the data they collect are crucial to conservation planning.
F．In others, like Chobe, in Botswana, less than 10% of dead elephants discovered have been killed illegally.
G．Current discussion of how to reduce poaching focuses on two areas: reducing demand and reducing supply.
（2023·北京西城·二模）As a doctor, I can give you a lot of useful advice about how to get healthy and stay that way, but you don’t need me to tell you that exercise is good for you. Staying active can benefit the heart, the waistline, even the mind. 71 More than 60% of American adults don’t exercise regularly, and many say they don’t exercise at all. More than 72 million are overweight, and almost all of them would like to lose the extra pounds. So, if exercise is such a good idea, why don’t more people do it
72 Even as I write this, I am watching my two-year-old run around in circles. Kids seem to be born in constant motion, but along the way that behavior changes.
The slowdown occurs for most at the beginning of college. Academic pressure and lack of organized sports are certainly part of the problem. A bigger part may be looking at life changes as an occasion to blow up old rules and not create new ones in their place. 73 The demands of a new job usually mean less time at the gym. How about a new marriage How many times have we seen just-married couples looking a lot heavier in first-anniversary photos than they did in the wedding pictures
74 People who set general goals, like “I will exercise in my free time,” did a far worse job of sticking to that plan than did people who made a firm commitment, like “I will walk to my friend’s house and back every
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday.”
The good news is, there are solutions to all these. We can begin with exercises as simple as remembering to sit straighter or drink enough water. Specific workout plans can turn a general desire to exercise into a firm commitment. 75
We may never again have the energy of a two-year-old, but getting back even a little of our early-life energy can make our later lives a whole lot healthier.
A．Being in college is certainly part of the problem.
B．This is especially so when it comes to staying fit.
C．Not having a clearly defined exercise plan can hurt.
D．We often wish to go back to our two-year-old selves.
E．For instance, you can schedule a weekly gym visit with friends.
F．Still, there’s a real disconnect between what we know and what we do.
G．The most puzzling part of our inactive nature is that we don’t start out that way.
