-2024年高考英语终极押题猜想题（原卷版+解析版）

2024年高考英语终极押题猜想
（高分的秘密武器：终极密押+押题预测）
押题猜想一 阅读理解之细节理解题
押题猜想二 阅读理解之推理判断题 13
押题猜想三 阅读理解之主旨大意题 29
押题猜想四 阅读理解之词义猜测题 44
押题猜想五 阅读理解之七选五 56
押题猜想六 完形填空 70
押题猜想七 语法填空之有提示词 93
押题猜想八 语法填空之无提示词 105
押题猜想九 应用文写作 117
押题猜想十 读后续写 130
押题猜想一 阅读理解之细节理解题
靶向密押01
【2024届九省联考B篇片段】Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
4. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group. B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground. D. Avoiding coming out at night.
5. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
4.【答案】 A
【分析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators.(群体中的成员在确保其安全和提高其从捕食者袭击中幸存下来的机会方面起着重要作用。)”可知，鹦鹉要想更好地在野外躲避攻击，重要的是要进行集体生活，故选A项。
5.【答案】B
【分析】细节理解题。根据第三段“As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight.(作为猎物，鹦鹉会时刻警惕危险，并本能地对风险做出反应。他们的第一反应是飞走)”可知，鹦鹉对直接风险的第一反应是逃跑，故选B项。
靶向密押02
【2024届广东省广州市第三中学高三下学期一模A篇片段】
Date: August 10-16, 2024
Time: 9: 00 am-5: 00 pm
Expedition cost: $300 per participant, which includes daily lunch at the AWIARE Research Station. Return campers receive a 20% discount.
Registration is now open for the Hands-On Archaeology Camps.
3．How much is the cost for two kids coming back this year
A．$240 B．$480. C．$600. D．$720.
【答案】B
【分析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Expedition cost: $300 per participant, which includes daily lunch at the AWIARE Research Station. Return campers receive a 20% discount.(考察费用：每位参与者300美元，其中包括在AWIARE研究站的每日午餐。返程露营者可享受八折优惠)”可知，两个孩子今年回来要花（300+300）×80%=480美元。故选B。
押题解读
细节理解题通常分为直接信息题、间接信息题以及数字计算题。
1）直接信息题:直接信息题比较简单，只需要题干关键词定位，带着问题找答案；
2）间接信息题: 隐蔽性比较强，正确选项需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行相应的语义转换或进一步的归纳概括。
3）数字计算题:数字计算题需要根据题干要求在原文中找到有关的数字信息进行分析理解和简单计算，确定答案。
这三种形式的细节理解题是今年高考的热点之一。
押题01
【2024届湖北省高三十一校高三下第二次联考】In the late 1990s, two psychology researchers, were talking about how the female scientists in their lab responded differently to stress than the men did. The men would disappear into their offices; the women would bring cookies to lab meetings and bond over coffee. Forget fight-or-flight, they joked. The women were tending and befriending.
The joke stuck in the mind of one of the women, researcher Laura Cousino Klein. Psychology research has
suggested that stress leads to aggression, but that wasn’t her experience. Women were more likely to want to talk with someone about their stress, spend time with their loved ones, or channel their stress into caring for others. She wondered if it was possible that science had gotten stress wrong.
Klein dug deeper into the science, and she made the surprising discovery that 90 percent of the published research on stress was conducted on males. So Klein studied the social side of stress, especially in women. Looking at both animal and human research, she found evidence that stress can increase caring, cooperation, and compassion (同情).
While the tend-and-befriend theory began as an investigation into the female response to stress, it quickly expanded to include men. In times of stress, both men and women have been shown to become more trusting, generous, and willing to protect others.
The tend-and-befriend theory doesn’t say that stress always leads to caring—stress can indeed make us angry and defensive. It simply says that stress can make people more caring. And when we care for others, it activates systems of our brain that produce feelings of hope and courage.
I wrote my book The Upside of Stress with that purpose in mind: to help you discover your own strength and compassion. Seeing the upside of stress is not about deciding whether stress is either good or bad. It’s about how choosing to see the good in stress can help you meet the challenges in your life. Tending and befriending is one of the best ways to do this, and to transform your own stress into a catalyst(催化剂) for courage and connection.
28．What does the joke in paragraph I show
A．Male scientists are smarter than female scientists.
B．Female scientists are friendlier than male scientists.
C．Men tend to seek a temporary escape from pressure.
D．Women care for each other when they are under stress.
29．Why did Laura keep the joke in her mind
A．It didn’t fit with her life experience.
B．It had the same topic as her new book.
C．It went against previous psychology research.
D．It indicated the inequalities between women and men.
30．What do we know about the tend-and-befriend theory
A．It is applicable to both men and women. B．It suggests stress always leads to caring.
C．It proves the fight-or-flight response wrong. D．It shows men are more defensive than women.
31．What does the author’s book aim to do
A．Provide evidence for her research.
B．Explain the fight-or-flight response.
C．Make suggestions on how to respond to stress positively.
D．Demonstrate women’s and men’s different responses to stress.
【答案】28．D 29．C 30．A 31．C
【导语】本文是说明文。女性在面临压力时会互相关心，这种“照顾与友善”理论同样适用于男性。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The men would disappear into their offices; the women would bring cookies to lab meetings and bond over coffee. Forget fight-or-flight, they joked. The women were tending and befriending.(这些人会消失在他们的办公室里。女人们会带着饼干参加实验室会议，并通过咖啡增进感情。她们开玩笑说，忘记战斗或逃跑吧。妇女们在照顾和友善。)”可推知，第一段中的笑话说明了女性在面临压力时会互相关心。故选D。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“The joke stuck in the mind of one of the women, researcher Laura Cousino Klein. Psychology research has suggested that stress leads to aggression, but that wasn’t her experience..(这个笑话深深地印在了其中一位女性研究员劳拉·库西诺·克莱因 (Laura Cousino Klein) 的脑海中。心理学研究表明压力会导致攻击性，但她的经历并非如此。)”可知，劳拉把这个笑话记在了心里是因为它与之前的心理学研究很不同，它违背了之前的心理学研究。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第四段“While the tend-and-befriend theory began as an investigation into the female response to stress, it quickly expanded to include men. In times of stress, both men and women have been shown to become more trusting, generous, and willing to protect others.(虽然“照顾与交友”理论最初是为了研究女性对压力的反应，但它很快就扩展到包括男性。在压力时期，男性和女性都会变得更加信任、慷慨并愿意保护他人。)”可知，“照顾与友善”理论适用于男性和女性。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I wrote my book The Upside of Stress with that purpose in mind: to help you discover your own strength and compassion. Seeing the upside of stress is not about deciding whether stress is either good or bad. It’s about how choosing to see the good in stress can help you meet the challenges in your life. Tending and befriending is one of the best ways to do this, and to transform your own stress into a catalyst( 催化剂 ) for courage and connection.(我写《压力的好处》一书就是为了这个目的：帮助你发现自己的力量和同情心。看到压力的好处并不是要决定压力是好还是坏。这是关于如何选择在压力中看到好处可以帮助您应对生活中的挑战。照顾和交友是最好的方法之一，并将你自己的压力转化为勇气和联系的催化剂。)”可推知，作者写这本书的目的是就如何积极应对压力提出建议。故选C。
押题02
【2024届广东省广州市第三中学高三下学期一模】The idea that the standard human body temperature is about 98.6℉ (37℃) was first presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851. Since then, it’s become so widely accepted that it serves as a touchstone for health—a diagnostic tool used by physicians and parents as a basic indicator if someone is sick or well.
However, it turns out that this well-established fact isn’t, in fact, correct—or, to put it more accurately, human beings have been getting cooler over the years.
Recent studies have shown that temperature records of groups of people have tended to run low compared to the accepted norm (标准), so the Stanford team, led by Julie Parsonnet, MD, professor of medicine and of health research and policy, decided to do a more in-depth study to compare modern measurements with historical records to try to identify body temperature trends and, perhaps, uncover the reason why this cooling is happening.
For their research, the Stanford team looked at three distinct datasets (数据集) from three historical periods. One was military service records, medical records, and pension records from Union Army veterans of the American Civil War that were compiled from 1862 to 1930. The second was from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Ⅰ collected between 1971 and 1975, and the third from adult patients visiting Stanford Health Care from 2007 to 2017.
In all, the team went through 677,423 temperature measurements, making sure that temperatures recorded were accurate rather than the result of poorly designed thermometers (温度计). They did this by looking at the change in temperature inside each group over time to ensure that the curves (曲线) showing a decrease were consistent between the datasets.
At the end of the day, the team found that men born in the 21st century had an average body temperature of 0.59℃ lower than those born in the early 19th century, while modern women showed an average decrease of 0.32℃ compared to those born in the 1890s. Together, this means that human body temperatures have fallen by 0.03℃ per decade.
12．What is Wunderlich’s achievement
A．He was the inventor of the thermometer.
B．He set up a standard for normal body temperature.
C．He discovered humans’ body temperature trends.
D．He put forward the theory of normal human body temperature.
13．How did the Stanford team get their findings on body temperature
A．By having interviews. B．By conducting field research.
C．By analyzing historical records. D．By doing experiments in the lab.
14．What could affect the accuracy of Parsonnet’s study according to the text
A．The quality of thermometers. B．The backgrounds of the subjects.
C．The sorting of the collected datasets. D．The number of adult patients involved.
15．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A．Modern women’s body temperatures have risen over the past century.
B．The 19th century saw the greatest increase in men’s body temperatures.
C．The 21st century saw the greatest decrease in men’s body temperatures.
D．Men’s body temperatures have fallen faster than women’s over the years.
【答案】12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科研人员经过研究发现，自19世纪以来，人类的平均体温在持续下降，人类每十年时间平均体温就会下降0.03℃。传统意义上的37℃的标准体温已经不适用于所有人。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段“The idea that the standard human body temperature is about 98.6℉（37℃）was first presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851. Since then, it’s become so widely accepted that it serves as a touchstone for health—a diagnostic tool used by physicians and parents as a basic
indicator if someone is sick or well. (1851年，德国医生Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich首先提出了人体标准温度约为华氏98.6度(37℃)的观点。从那时起，它被广泛接受，成为健康的试金石——医生和家长使用的诊断工具，作为一个人生病或健康的基本指标。)”可知，Wunderlich确立了现代人类健康体温的标准为37摄氏度。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段“For their research, the Stanford team looked at three distinct datasets (数据集) from three historical periods. (在他们的研究中，斯坦福大学的研究小组研究了来自三个历史时期的三个不同的数据集。)”可知，这个研究小组主要是靠搜集并分析过去三个历史时期的群体体温数据集来进行相关研究的。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据第五段“In all, the team went through 677,423 temperature measurements, making sure that temperatures recorded were accurate rather than the result of poorly designed thermometers (温度计). (该团队总共进行了677,423次温度测量，以确保记录的温度是准确的，而不是设计不良的温度计的结果。)”可知，体温监测时所使用的体温计的质量可能会影响到团队的研究结果。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“At the end of the day, the team found that men born in the 21st century had an average body temperature of 0.59℃ lower than those born in the early 19th century, while modern women showed an average decrease of 0.32℃ compared to those born in the 1890s. Together, this means that human body temperatures have fallen by 0.03℃ per decade. (最后，研究小组发现，21世纪出生的男性的平均体温比19世纪初出生的男性低0.59℃，而现代女性的平均体温比19世纪90年代出生的女性低0.32℃。加起来，这意味着人类体温每十年下降0.03℃。)”可知，研究表明，在过去的一个多世纪中，男子体温降低要比女子的体温降低幅度大。故选D。
押题03
【2024届湖南省长沙市长郡中学高考适应考试（二）】Growing up in Kenya, Lesein Mutunkei, together with his family, always celebrated significant occasions by planting trees, which motivated him to protect the environment. It’s what the now 18-year-old soccer player treasures, especially since Kenya has an ongoing problem with deforestation.
Mutunkei follows in the footsteps of the late Kenyan Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai who founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977. This initiative has resulted in the planting of over 51 million trees to date.
In 2018, Lesein decided to start a movement of his own. He started by planting one tree for every goal he scored during a football match. He called it Trees4Goals, and it has grown so much that he now plants 11 trees, one for each member of his team, every time he scores. Through this, he wants to inspire young people, specifically his fellow athletes, to follow in his footsteps, take nature conservation seriously, and promise to plant trees every time they score. As a result, some of them have adapted this practice for their sports. “Seeing that they’re taking that responsibility because of the project I started, for me, that is the biggest achievement,” he said.
The initiative has caught the attention of English football club Arsenal and Kenya’s Ministry of Environment and Forestry, which he now works with regularly and gets advice from.
Like Green Belt Movement, Trees4Goals, which has planted 5,500 trees so far, has made it. While Lesein has received some recognition for his initiative, he sets his sights on making it a worldwide phenomenon. “Football is a universal game, and climate change is a universal problem,” he explains. “It has the power to unite, educate and inspire my generation to create a safer and greener future.” This is why he wants to work with the world’s biggest football federation FIFA．
As for what others can do to fight deforestation or other environmental concerns, the teenager says it’s important to just get involved in some way, no matter how small.
24．What made Lesein get interested in environmental protection
A．The influence of his family.
B．Wangari Maathai’s huge assistances.
C．The demand of the football team.
D．His fellow athletes’ encouragement.
25．Why did Lesein found Trees4Goals
A．To gain Kenya’s support.
B．To set an example for others.
C．To catch Arsenal’s attention.
D．To show his achievements.
26．What is Lesein’s hope for the future of Trees4Goals
A．Promoting football’s development.
B．Going global with the help of FIFA．
C．Beating climate change completely.
D．Getting beyond Green Belt Movement.
27．What can we learn from Lesein’s story
A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C．Positive thinking and action result in success.
D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
【答案】24．A 25．B 26．B 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。在肯尼亚长大的Lesein Mutunkei是一名足球队员，他发起了“一球一树（Trees4Goals）运动”，每进球一次，他为球队的每一位成员种一棵树，激励其他年轻人去保护环境。到目前为止，该运动已经种植了5500棵树。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段“Growing up in Kenya, Lesein Mutunkei, together with his family, always celebrated significant occasions by planting trees, which motivated him to protect the environment. (在肯尼亚长大的Lesein Mutunkei和他的家人总是通过植树来庆祝重要的节日，这促使他保护环境)”可知，在Lesein成长的过程中，他和他的家人总是以种树的方式来庆祝重要的节日，这激励他去保护环境。故选A。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Through this, he wants to inspire young people, specifically his fellow athletes, to follow in his footsteps, take nature conservation seriously, and promise to plant trees every time they score. (他希望借此激励年轻人，特别是他的运动员同伴，跟随他的脚步，认真对待自然保护，并承诺每次得分都要植树)”可知，Lesein发起“一球一树运动”是作出表率来激励他人保护环境。故选B。
26．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“While Lesein has received some recognition for his initiative, he sets his sights on making it a worldwide phenomenon.(虽然莱辛的倡议得到了一些认可，但他的目标是让它成为一种全球现象)”及“This is why he wants to work with the world’s biggest football federation FIFA.(这就是为什么他想与世界上最大的足球联盟国际足联合作)”可知，在FIFA的帮助下，Lesein 希望“一球一树运动”走向全球。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Mutunkei follows in the footsteps of the late Kenyan Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai who founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977. This initiative has resulted in the planting of over 51 million trees to date.(Mutunkei追随了已故的肯尼亚诺贝尔和平奖得主旺加里·马塔伊的脚步，后者于1977年创立了绿带运动。迄今为止，这一举措已导致种植了5100多万棵树)”及全文内容可知，Lesein从小耳濡目染，很有环保意识，后受到启发，发起了“一球一树运动”并取得了成功。可见，他的故事说明：积极的思考和行动会带来成功。故选C。
押题04
【吉林省长春市东北师大附中2024届高三期末联合模拟考试】Anew study reports that a mosquito’s sense of smell is more complicated than we once thought. And it may explain why this annoying insect is so good at seeking you out at a barbecue or in your bedroom and biting you—as well as lead to new strategies to prevent the potentially deadly diseases transmitted by its bite.
Meg Younger, a neuroscientist at Boston University, is co-author of the study. She exhales(呼气)gently into one of the mosquito-filled cages. A waft of carbon dioxide blows across the insects, and they go wild. “And now, they’re looking fora target like the complex mixture of human body smell—a smell that’s attractive to the mosquitoes,” Younger explains.
In many parts of the world, this attraction isn’t merely an annoyance for humans. It’s a major health problem. Mosquitoes transmit diseases to humans. These diseases include dengue, Zika, chikungunya fever and malaria. The last disease alone causes over half a million deaths each year.
So scientists have attempted to break this attraction. But try as they might, the little mosquito has resisted. “They’re really good at what they do,” Younger says. Most of what we know about the neuroscience of smell comes from mice and fruit flies, where the wiring is fairly simple. Each neuron(神经元) in the nose has one kind of receptor(感受器) that detects a single kind of smell—say, a banana. And all the neurons with receptors for the banana smell connect to the same part of the brain. Younger and the others studied mosquito brains, where she found that each neuron has multiple receptors that can detect multiple smells.
This work could give researchers additional ways to battle the insects like developing traps that contain new smell mixtures that are more appealing than people.
“It’s an enormous study,” says Josefina del Marmol, a neurobiologist at the Harvard Medical School. She says there’s more work to be done to check. neuron by neuron, that each one actually responds to all the smells it has receptors for. But regarding the central finding, she says, “It really does change a lot about what we know of how insects perceive the world.”
8．Why does Younger exhale into a mosquito-filled cage
A．To keep targeted mosquitoes alive. B．To confuse the experimented mosquitoes.
C．To experiment on mosquitoes’ sense of smell. D．To see if breath contributes to disease transmission.
9．How do mosquitoes differ from fruit flies
A．They have a clearer smell mechanism. B．They have more neurons to detect smells.
C．They have bigger brain parts focusing on smell. D．They have more smell receptors in each neuron.
10．What is the significance of the study
A．It may have found an ideal way to study insects.
B．It inspires new methods to prevent mosquito bites.
C．It proves the previous assumption about mosquitoes.
D．It sheds light on how mosquitoes transmit diseases.
11．What does Josefina del Marmol think of the research finding
A．It is a big step forward. B．It has many weaknesses.
C．It is far from impressive. D．It has a worldwide influence.
【答案】8．C 9．D 10．B 11．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于蚊子的研究，一项新的研究报告称，蚊子的嗅觉比我们曾经认为的要复杂得多，科学家们试图打破这种吸引力但是失败了，但是发现了蚊子每个神经元都有多个受体，可以探测到多种气味。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段““And now, they’re looking fora target like the complex mixture of human body smell—a smell that’s attractive to the mosquitoes,” Younger explains. (“现在，他们正在寻找一个目标，比如人体气味的复杂混合物——一种对蚊子有吸引力的气味，”Younger解释说)”可知，Younger对着一个满是蚊子的笼子呼气是为了对蚊子的嗅觉进行实验。故选C。
9．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Most of what we know about the neuroscience of smell comes from mice and fruit flies, where the wiring is fairly simple. ...Younger and the others studied mosquito brains, where she found that each neuron has multiple receptors that can detect multiple smells. (我们对嗅觉神经科学的了解大多来自老鼠和果蝇，它们的神经线路相当简单。……Younger和其他人研究了蚊子的大脑，她发现每个神经元都有多个受体，可以探测到多种气味)”可知，蚊子和果蝇的不同在于蚊子每个神经元中有更多的嗅觉受体。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This work could give researchers additional ways to battle the insects like developing traps that contain new smell mixtures that are more appealing than people.(这项工作可以为研究人员
提供更多的方法来对抗昆虫，比如开发含有比人更有吸引力的新气味混合物的陷阱)”可推知，这项研究的意义是激发了预防蚊虫叮咬的新方法。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据最后一段“But regarding the central finding, she says, “It really does change a lot about what we know of how insects perceive the world.”(但关于这一核心发现，她说：“它确实改变了我们对昆虫如何感知世界的认识。”)”可知，Josefina del Marmol认为这项研究发现向前迈了一大步。故选A。
押题05
【2024届河北省部分高中高三下学期一模】All the Beauty in the World, Patrick Bringley’s memoir (回忆录) about his 10 years working as a guard at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met), brings new meaning to the term “art appreciation”. During 8-12 hour shifts spent among the galleries, he takes advantage of the gift of time to study the masterpieces he’s been hired to protect and to think about the role of art throughout history.
Bringley is not the only Met staffer to write about the institution. But Bringley’s “guard’s-eye view” is unique, and he presents his personal story with sincerity. After his brother Tom’s death from cancer in 2008, Bringley gave up his job as a journalist for a job in which “I was happy to be going nowhere”. He explains, “I had lost someone. I did not wish to move on from that. In a sense, I didn’t wish to move at all.” Bringley doesn’t say when he decided to channel his experience of finding peace into art, but this story about jumping off the career ladder in order to find the space for quiet reflection is surprisingly suited to our times.
All the Beauty in the World offers well-chosen facts about the museum to support Bringley’s personal tale. As interesting as these facts are, it’s Bringley’s reflections on dozens of individual paintings, photographs, sculptures and ancient artifacts that turn this book into a tribute (致敬) to the power of art. Discussing Alfred Stieglitz’s photographs of his wife, he writes, “I think that sometimes we need permission to stop and adore things, and a work of art gives us that.” In a Vermeer port rait of a dozing maidservant, he is moved to see that the artist caught “that feeling we sometimes have that a private setting possesses a holiness (神圣) of its own. It was my constant feeling in Tom’s hospital room”.
As rich in moving insights as the Met is in treasures, All the Beauty in the World reminds us of the importance of learning not about art, but from it. This is art appreciation at a high level.
24．What makes All the Beauty in the World different from other books by Met staffers
A．Its author’s personal sad story.
B．Its author’s unique point of view.
C．Its well-chosen facts about the museum.
D．Its detailed introduction to the artworks.
25．Why did Bringley decide to become a guard at the Met
A．To remember his dead brother.
B．To enrich his journalism career.
C．To find some peace and quiet in art.
D．To study the artworks more closely.
26．How does Bringley tell the museum stories in his memoir
A．By relating museum facts to his personal life.
B．By interviewing retired museum staff members.
C．By presenting the background of each masterpiece.
D．By engaging visitors in the discussion of the artworks.
27．What does the author think of the book as a whole
A．It reveals the inner world of the author.
B．It offers new insights into art appreciation.
C．It tells little-known facts about the museum.
D．It deserves to be read for some peace and quiet.
【答案】24．B 25．C 26．A 27．B
【导语】本文是说明文。作者介绍了Patrick Bringley的回忆录《All the Beauty in the World》以及他在纽约大都会艺术博物馆工作10年的经历。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“Bringley is not the only Met staffer to write about the institution. But Bringley’s “guard’s-eye view” is unique, and he presents his personal story with sincerity.(Bringley并不是唯一一个写大都会博物馆的员工。但Bringley的“哨兵视角”是独一无二的，他真诚地呈现了自己的个人故事)”可知，Bringley独特的视角让《世界上所有的美丽》与大都会工作人员的其他书籍不同。故选B项。
25．细节理解题。根据第二段“After his brother Tom’s death from cancer in 2008, Bringley gave up his job as a journalist for a job in which “I was happy to be going nowhere”. He explains, “I had lost someone. I did not wish to move on from that. In a sense, I didn’t wish to move at all.” Bringley doesn’t say when he decided to channel his experience of finding peace into art, but this story about jumping off the career ladder in order to find the space for quiet reflection is surprisingly suite d to our times.(2008年，他的哥哥汤姆因癌症去世后，Bringley放弃了记者的工作，转而从事一份“我很高兴自己哪儿也去不了”的工作。他解释说：“我失去了一个我爱的人。我并不想就这样结束。从某种意义上说，我根本不想搬家。”Bringley没有说他是什么时候决定把自己寻找平静的经历转化为艺术的，但这个关于为了寻找安静反思的空间而放弃职业阶梯的故事，与我们的时代惊人地契合)”可知，为了在艺术中寻找平和与宁静，所以Bringley决定成为大都会博物馆的一名警卫。故选C项。
26．细节理解题。根据第三段“All the Beauty in the World offers well-chosen facts about the museum to support Bringley’s personal tale.(《All the Beauty in the World》提供了精心挑选的关于博物馆的事实来支持布林利的个人故事)”可知，在他的回忆录中，Bringley把博物馆的事实和他的个人生活联系起来。故选A项。
27．推理判断题。根据第一段“All the Beauty in the World, Patrick Bringley’s memoir (回忆录) about his 10 years working as a guard at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met), brings new meaning to the term “art appreciation”.(Patrick Bringley的回忆录《All the Beauty in the World》讲述了他在纽约大都会艺术博物馆当警卫的10年经历，为“艺术欣赏”一词带来了新的含义)”以及最后一段“As rich in moving insights as the Met is in treasures, All the Beauty in the World reminds us of the importance of learning not about art, but from it. This is
art appreciation at a high level.(就像大都会博物馆的宝藏一样，《All the Beauty in the World》充满了动人的见解，它提醒我们从艺术中学习的重要性，而不是了解艺术。这是一种高层次的艺术欣赏)”可知，作者认为这本书为艺术欣赏提供了新的见解。故选B项。
押题06
【2024届黑龙江省东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟】Nanako Hama gets a lot of mail, mostly from strangers who live in her home city of Tokyo. In light envelopes, they send locks of their hair, hoping to recycle it.
People generate a huge amount of hair waste. Nearly all of that waste ends up in landfill, where it can release harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.
But hair possesses useful qualities that it’s a shame to simply throw it away. That’s why people all around the world, like Hama, have been collecting hair and finding innovative ways to recycle it, including making mats (垫子)out of it for removing oil leaks.
Hama is part of the nonprofit Matter of Trust (MoT) members working at more than 60 centers dotted across 17 countries, using machines to make hair donated from local salons and individuals into square mats, which are then used to clean up the floating oil.
Hair is particularly well-suited for this, says MoT co-founder Lisa Gautier. “That’s because its rough sort of outer layer lets oil stick to it.” MoT’s mats have been used in major oil leaks. including the 2010 Deepwater Horizon and 2007 Cosco Busan incidents.
In a 2018 study, Murray, an environmental scientist at the University of Technology Sydney, in Australia found that mats made of recycled human hair could absorb 0.84 grams of oil onto its surface for every gram of hair—significantly more than polypropylene (聚丙烯), a type of plastic that’s typically used to clean up floating oil.
Besides, hair is also useful as fertilizer (化肥). Hair contains a relatively high nitrogen (氮), a chemical element crucial for plant growth, and each lock of hair is made of roughly 16 percent of this essential nutrient. Last year, more than 560 gallons of liquid fertilizer made from human hair was sold to farmers in northern Tanzania and the feedback from the farmers has been very encouraging.
“It’s just a great way to use hair in a productive way. Hair is an answer literally hanging in front of our eyes—for oil and soil,” Hama says.
8．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1
A．By detailing the background. B．By presenting a scene.
C．By describing the feedback. D．By supporting evidences.
9．What can the mat made of human hair do
A．Fertilize the soil. B．Prevent oil leaks.
C．Clear the sea of oil. D．Take in harmful gas.
10．Which qualities of hair contribute to its innovative use
A．Its color and strength.
B．Its length and amount.
C．Its weight and flexibility.
D．Its structure and component.
11．Which best describes the future of hair waster as fertilizer
A．Debatable. B．Applicable.
C．Irreplaceable. D．Uncontrollable.
【答案】8．B 9．C 10．D 11．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了东京市民Nanako Hama回收头发，制作成吸附油污的垫子或制成含氮肥料，助力环保。
8．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Nanako Hama gets a lot of mail, mostly from strangers who live in her home city of Tokyo. In light envelopes, they send locks of their hair, hoping to recycle it.(Nanako Hama收到大量邮件，多来自居住在她家乡东京的陌生人。他们寄来装在薄信封里的头发，希望能将其回收利用)”可知，作者在第一段通过描绘一个场景来引入主题。故选B项。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Hama is part of the nonprofit Matter of Trust (MoT) members working at more than 60 centers dotted across 17 countries, using machines to make hair donated from local salons and individuals into square mats, which are then used to clean up the floating oil.(哈马是非营利组织信托事务 (MoT)的一员，该组织成员分布在17个国家的60多个中心工作，使用机器将当地沙龙和个人捐赠的头发制成方形垫子，然后用于清理漂浮的油脂)”可知，由人类头发制成的垫子能清除海上的油污。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Hair is particularly well-suited for this, says MoT co-founder Lisa Gautier. “That’s because its rough sort of outer layer lets oil stick to it.”(MoT联合创始人Lisa Gautier说，头发特别适合这个，“这是因为它粗糙的外层会让油粘在上面”)”可知，头发的结构和成分有助于其创新的用途。故选D项。
11．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Last year, more than 560 gallons of liquid fertilizer made from human hair was sold to farmers in northern Tanzania and the feedback from the farmers has been very encouraging.(去年，超过560加仑由人类头发制成的液体肥料出售给了坦桑尼亚北部的农民，从农民那里得到的反馈非常令人鼓舞)”可知，头发废料作为肥料的未来前景是可应用的。故选B项。
押题猜想二 阅读理解之推理判断题
靶向密押01
（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary—including our emotional attachments to them.
Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language.
Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage.
After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit.
Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging—and taking more seriously—these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.
5．What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1
A．To prove an opinion. B．To raise a subject.
C．To share an example. D．To explain a concept.
8．What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024
A．It is dismissed as completely ridiculous.
B．It will be integrated into our daily life soon.
C．It will become a threat to human social skills.
D．It is labelled as highly advanced technology.
【答案】5．B 8．B
5．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary—including our emotional attachments to them.(人工智能聊天机器人伴侣Replika在全球拥有数百万用户。他们醒来后做的第一件事就是向虚拟朋友(或爱人)说声“早上好”。这个故事仅仅是个开始。2024年，聊天机器人和虚拟角色将变得更加流行，无论是出于实用性还是出于乐趣。因此，与机器进行社交对话将开始变得更加普通——包括我们对它们的情感依恋。)”可知，第一段介绍了2024年聊天机器人和虚拟角色日益普及的情况，强调了它们的实用性，以及与机器进行社交对话的新趋势。下文讨论人们与这些人工智能代理之间形成的情感联系以及与之进行类似人类的交互的影响奠定了基础，因此第一段的写作目的是引出一个话题，即“人工智能聊天机器人伴侣的逐步推广”。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging—and taking more seriously—these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.(今天，我们仍然在嘲笑那些认为人工智能系统是情绪化的人，或者取笑那些爱上聊天机器人的人。但在2024年，我们将逐渐开始承认并更加认真地对待这些基本的人类行为。因为在2024年，我们终于明白了：机器并没有被排除在我们的社会关系之外。)”可知，2024年，人工智能将很快融入人们的日常生活，与人们的日常生活的关系越来越紧密。故选B。
靶向密押02
（2024·重庆·一模）In a small, rough shipyard on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, a small team is building what they say will be the world’s largest ocean-going clean cargo ship.
Ceiba is the first ship built by Sailcargo, a company trying to prove that zero-carbon shipping is possible, and commercially available. Made largely of wood, Ceiba combines both very old and very new technology: sailing masts stand alongside solar panels, a uniquely designed electric engine and batteries. Once on the water, she will be capable of crossing oceans entirely without the use of fossil fuels, which sets her apart.
“The thing that is striking is the fact that she’ll have one of the largest marine electric engines of her kind in the world,” Danielle Doggett said. The system also has the means to capture energy from underwater propellers (螺旋桨) as well as solar power, so electricity will be available for the engine when needed. “Really, the only limit on how long she can stay at sea is water and food on board for the crew.”
Despite some hold-ups due to the global disaster, the team hopes to get her on the water by the end of 2024 and operating by 2025, when she will begin transporting cargo between Costa Rica and Canada.
“There are actually loads of innovations happening that could transform shipping emissions, but few companies are willing to apply them to building ships like Ceiba.” says Lucy Gilliam. “So it’s not that we don’t have great ideas. The problem that we have is that fossil fuels are still too cheap. And we don’t have the rules to force people to take up the new technology.”
When it comes to promoting this kind of boat, it has to be said that Ceiba is small for a cargo ship — tiny in fact. She will carry around nine standard shipping containers. She is also relatively slow. Being a world-first, there are some aspects of Ceiba’s design that have yet to be proven at sea.
32．What is the author’s attitude to the innovation of Ceiba
A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Favorable.
【答案】 32．A
32．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Ceiba is the first ship built by Sailcargo, a company trying to prove that zero-carbon shipping is possible, and commercially available.(Ceiba是由Sailcargo公司建造的第一艘船，该公司试图证明零碳运输是可能的，并且可以商业化)”及最后一段“When it comes to promoting this kind of boat, it has to be said that Ceiba is small for a cargo ship—tiny in fact. She will carry around nine standard shipping containers. She is also relatively slow. Being a world-first, there are some aspects of Ceiba’s design that have yet to be proven at sea.(说到推广这种船，不得不说，对于一艘货船来说，Ceiba很小——实际上很小。她将携带大约9个标
准集装箱。她的速度也相对较慢。作为世界上第一个，Ceiba的设计有一些方面尚未在海上得到验证)”可知，文章第二段提到了Ceiba的环保，最后一段讲到了Ceiba的尺寸太小，速度较慢，还有一些方面需要验证，由此推知，作者对于该创新的态度是客观的。故选A。
靶向密押03
（2024·四川成都·三模）Shaping, drying. glazing and firing... in less than 5 minutes, a mini vase only millimeters in size starts to take shape as viewers watch on. As the founder of a miniature ceramics (微型陶瓷) studio, Wang Wenhua never expected that his works would surprise viewers in China, let alone those abroad, and that his short videos would earn over 45 million views and 4.2 million likes on a video application.
Having worked in China’s “Porcelain Capital (瓷都)” Jingdezhen in East China’s Jiangxi Province for 14 years, Wang said he had once seen the world’s biggest ceramic here but he had never seen the smallest, so he decided one day to try something different — making micro porcelain.
Things were not easy in the beginning, and many people doubted him. “They called me crazy and mocked me when I went to factories and asked them to help make miniature tools for me to create micro pottery. Even my wife did not support me,” Wang said.
However, Wang did not give up and after about half a year of experimentation,Wang finally made miniature tools on his own and was able to complete his first miniature porcelain — a vase.
According to Wang, the key to making a miniature ceramic work is concentration and a pair of steady hands. After numerous attempts, Wang found that the smallest works he could get were about 2 millimeters in size.“It would probably miss my original intention if I made micro pottery using a microscope, so I have focused more attention on making the smaller pieces more beautiful and complex,”said Wang.
The smallest vase that Wang has made is a bowl only 2 millimeters tall, 3 millimeters wide and 1millimeter thick. Wang says he plans to apply for the Guinness World Records for the world’s smallest pottery work.
1．Which words can best describe Wang Wenhua
A．Ambitious and wise. B．Brilliant and hardworking.
C．Talented and stubborn. D．Determined and creative.
2．What can we learn about Wang Wenhua from the passage
A．He doesn’t care much about whether others recognize his efforts.
B．He was willing to taking others’ opinions when creating porcelains.
C．He applied the techniques he learn in Jingdezhen to his artistic creation.
D．He believes the techniques he has are more important than tools he uses.
3．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Art. B．Fashion. C．Education. D．Psychology.
【答案】 1．D 2．D 3．A
1．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, Wang did not give up and after about half a year of experimentation,Wang finally made miniature tools on his own and was able to complete his first miniature porcelain — a vase.(然而，王
并没有放弃，经过大约半年的实验，他终于自己制作了微型工具，并完成了他的第一个微型瓷器——花瓶)”以及第五段中““It would probably miss my original intention if I made micro pottery using a microscope, so I have focused more attention on making the smaller pieces more beautiful and complex,”said Wang.(“如果我用显微镜制作微陶器，可能会错过我的初衷，所以我把更多的注意力放在让小陶器更漂亮、更复杂上，”王说)”可推知，王文化是有决心和创造力的。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“According to Wang, the key to making a miniature ceramic work is concentration and a pair of steady hands. After numerous attempts, Wang found that the smallest works he could get were about 2 millimeters in size.“It would probably miss my original intention if I made micro pottery using a microscope, so I have focused more attention on making the smaller pieces more beautiful and complex,”said Wang.(据王说，制作微型陶瓷作品的关键是专注和一双稳定的手。经过多次尝试，王发现他能得到的最小的作品大约有2毫米大小。王说：“如果我用显微镜制作微型陶器，可能会偏离我的初衷，所以我把更多的注意力集中在把小碎片做得更漂亮、更复杂上。”)”可推知，他相信他拥有的技术比他使用的工具更重要。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第一段中“As the founder of a miniature ceramics (微型陶瓷) studio, Wang Wenhua never expected that his works would surprise viewers in China, let alone those abroad, and that his short videos would earn over 45 million views and 4.2 million likes on a video application.(作为一个微型陶瓷工作室的创始人，王文化从来没有想到他的作品会让中国的观众感到惊讶，更不用说国外的观众了，他的短视频在视频应用上获得了超过4500万的观看量和420万的点赞)”结合文章主要介绍了微型陶瓷工作室的创始人王文化开始制作微瓷器的原因以及经过。可推知，这篇文章可能出现在报纸的“艺术”版面。故选A。
押题解读
推理判断题主要包括：逻辑推断题、观点态度题、写作意图题以及文章出处题和读者对象题。
1）逻辑推断题
常见的设问方式：
1. What can be inferred about the ......
2．What can be inferred about ......from the last paragraph
3．What can we learn from ......
4．What can we infer about ...... from the text
解题指导：
(1)浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项
(2)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；
(3)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。
2）观点态度题和人物倾向
牢记观点态度的常见词语
支持肯定 positive (积极的)、supportive (支持的)、optimistic (乐观的)、humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)；
中立 neutral (中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；
否定反对 negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的)、critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)。
3）写作意图题
常见的设问方式：
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text
The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.
The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.
The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.
The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.
作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
4）文章出处题和读者对象题
解题指导：
(1)根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象
(2)根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题
广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；
报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；
杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；
产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；
药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；
网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，upload，link，mouse, surf等网络标志。
推理判断题的这几种考查方式是今年高考的热点之一。
文章行文手法
解题指导：
How does the author mainly develop paragraph--/ the passage
By justifying an idea. By giving examples. By providing evidence. By making a comparison.
By comparing the opinions of different people.
By presenting a cause and analyzing its effects.
By presenting opinions and giving examples.
By following the natural time order.
....
推断下文内容
解题指导：
(1)The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______
(2)The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss ______.
押题01
（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）When patients are discharged (出院) from the hospital, effective summaries from doctors’ notes are essential to capture their health status in the medical record. Whereas, most are filled with technical languages that are hard to understand and increase patients’ anxiety.
To address the problem, researchers from New York University (NYU) Langone Health have been testing the capabilities of generative artificial intelligence (AI). It tries to develop likely options for the next word in any sentence based on how most people use words in context on the Internet.
NYU Langone Health received access to the latest tool from a famous tech company to explore generative AI. One of the studies by the researchers published in JAMA Network Open, looked at how well the tool could convert (转换) the text in 50 patient discharge notes into patient-friendly language. Specifically, generative AI made the discharge notes drop from 11th-grade reading level on average to a 6th-grade level.
Two physicians were asked to review the AI discharge summary based on a 6th-grade level. The reviewing physicians awarded 54 percent of the AI-generated discharge notes the best-possible accuracy rating. They also found that 56 percent of notes created by AI were entirely complete. The result signified that even at the current performance level, providers of discharge notes would not have to make a single change in more than half of the AI summaries reviewed.
“That more than half of the AI reports generated are accurate and complete is an amazing start,” said Jonah Zaretsky, associate chief of medicine at NYU Langone Hospital — Brooklyn. “Even at the current level of performance, which we expect to improve shortly, the achievement of the AI tool suggests that it can be taught to recognize subtleties (微妙之处).”
Within the following years, the team expects to launch a pilot program to provide lay language discharge summaries that have been generated by AI and reviewed by physicians to patients on a larger scale.
1．What is generative AI used for by the researchers
A．Submitting discharge summaries. B．Accessing patients’ health status.
C．Making discharge notes clear to patients. D．Offering technical languages to doctors.
2．What is generative AI’s function based on
A．Probable predicting. B．Actual thinking.
C．Free imagining. D．Strict instructing.
3．Why were the two physicians asked to review the AI discharge summaries
A．To correct their mistakes. B．To measure their accuracy.
C．To compete with the AI tool. D．To make up the missing parts.
4．How did Jonah Zaretsky find the performance of AI in dealing with discharge summaries
A．Misleading. B．Dismissive. C．Challenging. D．Promising.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲的是针对于在病人出院时医生的病情摘要因其难以理解的技术语言可能会增加患者焦虑的情况，纽约大学朗格尼健康中心的研究人员一直在测试生成式人工智能(AI)的能力，该工具可以将患者出院记录中的文本转换为对患者友好的语言，从而减少患者焦虑。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whereas, most are filled with technical languages that are hard to understand and increase patients’ anxiety.(然而，大多数都充满了难以理解的技术语言，增加了患者的焦虑。)”以及第三段“Specifically, generative AI made the discharge notes drop from 11th-grade reading level on average to a 6th-grade level.(具体来说，生成式人工智能使出院记录的平均阅读水平从11年级下降到6年级。)”可知出院时医生给出的病人的出院记录因其难懂晦涩的专业术语可能会大大增加病人的焦虑，生成式人工智能可以降低出院记录的阅读水平，能够让病人清楚地知道出院记录的情况。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It tries to develop likely options for the next word in any sentence based on how most people use words in context on the Internet.(它试图根据大多数人在互联网上下文中使用单词的方式，为任何句子中的下一个单词开发可能的选项。)”可知生成式人工智能试图根据大多数人在互联网上下文中使用单词的方式，为任何句子中的下一个单词开发可能的选项，所以它的功能是基于可能的预测。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Specifically, generative AI made the discharge notes drop from 11th-grade reading level on average to a 6th-grade level.(具体来说，生成式人工智能使出院记录的平均阅读水平从11年级下降到6年级。)”以及第四段“Two physicians were asked to review the AI discharge summary based on a 6th-grade level. The reviewing physicians awarded 54 percent of the AI-generated discharge notes the best-possible accuracy rating. They also found that 56 percent of notes created by AI were entirely complete. The result signified that even at the current performance level, providers of discharge notes would not have to make a single change in more than half of the AI summaries reviewed.(两名医生被要求根据六年级水平审查AI出院摘要。审查医生对54%的人工智能生成的出院记录给予了尽可能高的准确性评级。他们还发现，人工智能创造的笔记中有56%是完全完整的。结果表明，即使在目前的表现水平下，出院记录提供者也不必对超过一半的人工智能摘要进行任何更改。)”可知生成式人工智能使出院记录的平均阅读水平从11年级下降到6年级，而水平降低以后的准确性如何必须进行检验，而检验结果表明即使在6年级的水平下，出院记录提供者也不必对超过一半的人工智能摘要进行任何更改，所以可以推测两名医生被要求根据六年级水平审查AI出院摘要是为了检查其准确性。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段““That more than half of the AI reports generated are accurate and complete is an amazing start,” said Jonah Zaretsky, associate chief of medicine at NYU Langone Hospital — Brooklyn.
“Even at the current level of performance, which we expect to improve shortly, the achievement of the AI tool suggests that it can be taught to recognize subtleties (微妙之处).”(“超过一半的人工智能报告是准确和完整的，这是一个惊人的开始，”纽约大学兰贡医院-布鲁克林医学副主任Jonah Zaretsky说。“即使在目前的性能水平上，我们预计很快就会提高，但人工智能工具的成就表明，它可以学会识别细微之处。”)”可知，Jonah Zaretsky认为超过一半的人工智能报告是准确和完整的，而且人工智能工具的准确性还会提高，它也可以学会识别细微之处，所以可以推断Jonah Zaretsky认为人工智能在处理出院摘要方面的表现是大有前途的。故选D项。
押题02
The days of having a dictionary on your bookshelf are numbered. But that’s OK, because everyone already walks around with a dictionary — not the one on your phone, but the one in your head.
Just like a physical dictionary, your mental dictionary contains information about words. This includes the letters, sounds and meaning, or semantics, of words, as well as information about parts of speech and how you can fit words together to form grammatical sentences. While a physical dictionary is helpful for shared knowledge, your personal mental dictionary is customized based on your individual experiences.
What words are in your mental dictionary might overlap with the mental dictionary of someone else who also speaks the same language, but there will also be a lot of differences between the content of your dictionaries. You add words to your mental dictionary through your educational, occupational, cultural and other life experiences. This customization also means that the size of mental dictionaries is a little bit different from person to person and varies by age. Researchers found that the average 20-year-old American English speaker knows about 42,000 unique words, and this number grows to about 48,000 by age 60. Some people will have even larger vocabularies.
However, your mental dictionary can’t be like a physical dictionary since it is dynamic and quickly accessed. Your brain’s ability to retrieve a word is very fast. In one study, researchers mapped the time course of word retrieval among 24 college students by recording their brain activities while they named pictures. They found evidence that participants selected words within 200 milliseconds of seeing the image. After word selection, their brains continued to process information about that word, like what sounds are needed to say that chosen word and ignoring related words. This is why you can retrieve words with such speed in real-time conversations, often so quickly that you give little conscious attention to that process.
The next time you have a conversation with someone, take a moment to reflect on why you chose the specific words you did. Remember that the words you use and the mental dictionary you have are part of what make you and your voice unique.
12．In paragraph 2, the author explains “mental dictionary” by ________.
A．making comparisons B．analyzing influences
C．drawing conclusions D．offering assumptions
13．What can we infer from paragraph 3
A．People’s vocabulary will peak at the age of 60.
B．The content of one’s mental dictionary is inherited.
C．Careers have an impact on the size of a mental dictionary.
D．Native English speakers share the same mental dictionaries.
14．What does the underlined word “retrieve” mean in paragraph 4
A．Revise. B．Reacquire. C．Retell. D．Represent.
15．According to the passage, which of the following may the author agree with most
A．People are aware of the word choosing process. B．Think twice before what to say in a conversation.
C．Print dictionaries will be replaced by mental ones. D．Our choices of vocabulary probably tell who we are.
【答案】12．A 13．C 14．B 15．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了心理词典与实体词典的区别以及心理词典的特点。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段段首句“Just like a physical dictionary, your mental dictionary contains information about words.”（就像实体词典一样，你的心理词典也包含有关单词的信息。）以及段尾句“While a physical dictionary is helpful for shared knowledge, your personal mental dictionary is customized based on your individual experiences.”（虽然实体词典有助于分享知识，但你的个人心理词典是根据你的个人经验定制的。）可知，作者通过比较心理词典和实体字典来解释mental dictionary的具体含义，故选A项。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“You add words to your mental dictionary through your educational, occupational, cultural and other life experiences.”（你通过自己的教育、职业、文化和其他生活经历将单词添加到你的心理词典中）可知，职业对于心理词典的容量大小有影响。故选C项。
14．词句猜测题。根据上文“However, your mental dictionary can’t be like a physical dictionary since it is dynamic and quickly accessed.”（然而，你的心理词典不能像实体词典一样，因为它是动态的和快速访问的）和“They found evidence that participants selected words within 200 milliseconds of seeing the image.”（他们发现有证据表明，参与者在看到图像后200毫秒内选择了单词）可知，你的大脑恢复单词的能力非常快。所以划线词的意思是“重新获得”。故选B项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段段尾句“Remember that the words you use and the mental dictionary you have are part of what make you and your voice unique.”（记住，你所使用的词汇和你所拥有的心理词典是使你和你的声音独一无二的部分）可知，“人们的说话用词是展现个体独特性的一个方面”，说明我们对词汇的选择可能会告诉我们自己是谁。故选D项。
押题03
【江西省部分地区2023-2024学年高三下3月月考】Sara Dykman is on a 10, 000-mile bike trip, following the monarch butterfly from Mexico through the UnitedStates and Canada and back again. The purpose of her journey is not just to mark the butterfly’s migrating (迁徙) road, but to warn about the threat it faces—and what we can do to help it.
When I reached Dykman by phone, she was biking through Iowa cornfields. She said she feels more upset than usual, because of what she is seeing—or not seeing—on her travels: Fewer butterflies and milkweed. “In the last two decades, the butterfly population has declined by about 90 percent as a result of the loss of milkweed, a native plant that the butterflies need as part of their life cycle,” she said.
Butterflies go through a four-stage life cycle. In February and March, the adult monarch butterflies come out of winter sleep to look for a mate. Then they migrate north and east to lay their eggs on milkweed plants. It takes about four days for the eggs to hatch. Then the baby caterpillars (毛毛虫) spend much of their time eating milkweed in order to grow. About two weeks later, the fully grown caterpillars will attach themselves to plant branches or leaves to change into butterflies.
But Dykman is not in total despair. A solution, she says, exists within the reach of everyone who owns a home; simply planting some milkweed in the yards to help the butterflies on their journey.
Dykman lives a life as simple and rootless as the butterflies she loves. She doesn’t own a house or car or eat out at restaurants. She carries only what she needs; a sleeping bag and clothing. People help along the way by providing a place to stay and a meal.
“I have failed at everything normal, but I’m pretty good at doing the less normal things,” she admits in her new book Cycling With Butterflies.
“But this trip is about solutions, and it’s about helping people see the consequences of their actions,” she said on the phone.
4．What is the main purpose of Sara Dykman’s bike trip
A．To live-stream the migrating butterflies. B．To ask people to grow more native plants.
C．To warn about the environmental problems. D．To encourage people to protect the butterflies.
5．What can be learned from paragraph 3
A．Baby caterpillars are very harmful to various crops.
B．Milkweed plays a vital role in a butterfly’s life cycle.
C．Non-native plants are growing too fast in Iowa cornfields.
D．Adult butterflies come out of winter sleep later than they did.
6．What can we learn about Sara Dykman
A．She is a determined conservationist. B．She is a good bread-earner.
C．She is a competent employee. D．She is a comfort seeker.
7．What is the text
A．A diary entry. B．A book review. C．An interview. D．A news report.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．A 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。Sara Dykman希望通过对北美帝王蝴蝶的追踪观察唤起公众对其生存危机的关注。
4．细节理解题。根据第一段“The purpose of her journey is not just to mark the butterfly’s migrating (迁徙) road, but to warn about the threat it faces—and what we can do to help it.(她此行的目的不仅仅是为了标记蝴蝶的迁徙路线，而是为了警告它们所面临的威胁——以及我们能做些什么来帮助它们)”可知，Sara Dykman 的主要目的是鼓励大家保护帝王蝶。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据第三段“Then the baby caterpillars (毛毛虫) spend much of their time eating milkweed in order
to grow. About two weeks later, the fully grown caterpillars will attach themselves to plant branches or leaves to change into butterflies.(然后幼虫花很多时间吃马利筋来生长。大约两周后，成熟的毛毛虫会附着在植物的树枝或叶子上，变成蝴蝶)”可推知，马利筋这种本土植物对帝王蝶的生命周期十分重要。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段“Sara Dykman is on a 10, 000-mile bike trip, following the monarch butterfly from Mexico through the UnitedStates and Canada and back again.(萨拉·戴克曼正在进行一场一万英里的自行车旅行，跟随黑脉金斑蝶从墨西哥出发，穿越美国和加拿大，然后再回来)”及第五段“Dykman lives a life as simple and rootless as the butterflies she loves.(戴克曼过着简单无根的生活，就像她所爱的蝴蝶一样)”可推断，Sara Dykman 是一位非常坚定的环保主义者。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据全文，特别是第二段“When I reached Dykman by phone, she was biking through Iowa cornfields.(当我通过电话联系上戴克曼时，她正骑着自行车穿过爱荷华州的玉米地)”以及最后一段““But this trip is about solutions, and it’s about helping people see the consequences of their actions,” she said on the phone.(“但这次旅行是为了解决问题，是为了帮助人们看到自己行为的后果，”她在电话中说)”结合文章主要是通过电话采访的形式，介绍了Sara Dykman希望通过对北美帝王蝴蝶的追踪观察唤起公众对其生存危机的关注。故可推知这是一篇新闻报道。故选D。
押题04
With a brain the size of a pinhead, insects possess a great sense of direction. They manage to locate themselves and move through small openings. How do they do this with their limited brain power Understanding the inner workings of an insect’s brain can help us in our search towards energy-efficient computing, physicist Elisabetta Chicca of the University of Groningen shows with her most recent result: a robot that acts like an insect.
It’s not easy to make use of the images that come in through your eyes when deciding what your feet or wings should do. A key aspect here is the apparent motion of things as you move. “Like when you're on a train,” Chicca explains. “The trees nearby appear to move faster than the houses far away.” Insects use this information to infer how far away things are. This works well when moving in a straight line, but reality is not that simple. To keep things manageable for their limited brain power, they adjust their behaviour: they fly in a straight line, make a turn, then make another straight line.
In search of the neural mechanism (神经机制) that drives insect behaviour, PhD student Thorben Schoepe developed a model of its neuronal activity and a small robot that uses this model to find the position. His model is based on one main principle: always head towards the area with the least apparent motion. He had his robot drive through a long passage consisting of two walls and the robot centred in the middle of the passage, as insects tend to do. In other virtual environments, su2024年高考英语终极押题猜想
（高分的秘密武器：终极密押+押题预测）
押题猜想一 阅读理解之细节理解题
押题猜想二 阅读理解之推理判断题 13
押题猜想三 阅读理解之主旨大意题 29
押题猜想四 阅读理解之词义猜测题 44
押题猜想五 阅读理解之七选五 56
押题猜想六 完形填空 70
押题猜想七 语法填空之有提示词 93
押题猜想八 语法填空之无提示词 105
押题猜想九 应用文写作 117
押题猜想十 读后续写 130
押题猜想一 阅读理解之细节理解题
靶向密押01
【2024届九省联考B篇片段】Parrots are prey animals, which means that other predators (捕食者) in the wild, such as hawks or snakes, are looking to make them into a meal. This one factor influences parrots’ behavior in your house more than any other.
Parrots are most easily hurt when feeding on the ground. Membership in a group plays an important function in ensuring their safety and improving their chances of survival from attacks by predators. The most common predators of parrots include hawks, snakes, cats, monkeys, and bats. Some predators make attacks only during the day while others hunt in the night.
As prey animals, parrots are constantly watching out for danger and they instinctively (本能地) react to risks. Their first choice is to take flight. However, if this is not possible, they will fight with their powerful beaks to defend themselves.
4. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild
A. Living in a group. B. Growing beautiful feathers.
C. Feeding on the ground. D. Avoiding coming out at night.
5. What is parrots’ first response to an immediate risk
A. To attack back. B. To get away.
C. To protect the young. D. To play dead.
靶向密押02
【2024届广东省广州市第三中学高三下学期一模A篇片段】
Date: August 10-16, 2024
Time: 9: 00 am-5: 00 pm
Expedition cost: $300 per participant, which includes daily lunch at the AWIARE Research Station. Return
campers receive a 20% discount.
Registration is now open for the Hands-On Archaeology Camps.
3．How much is the cost for two kids coming back this year
A．$240 B．$480. C．$600. D．$720.
押题解读
细节理解题通常分为直接信息题、间接信息题以及数字计算题。
1）直接信息题:直接信息题比较简单，只需要题干关键词定位，带着问题找答案；
2）间接信息题: 隐蔽性比较强，正确选项需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行相应的语义转换或进一步的归纳概括。
3）数字计算题:数字计算题需要根据题干要求在原文中找到有关的数字信息进行分析理解和简单计算，确定答案。
这三种形式的细节理解题是今年高考的热点之一。
押题01
【2024届湖北省高三十一校高三下第二次联考】In the late 1990s, two psychology researchers, were talking about how the female scientists in their lab responded differently to stress than the men did. The men would disappear into their offices; the women would bring cookies to lab meetings and bond over coffee. Forget fight-or-flight, they joked. The women were tending and befriending.
The joke stuck in the mind of one of the women, researcher Laura Cousino Klein. Psychology research has suggested that stress leads to aggression, but that wasn’t her experience. Women were more likely to want to talk with someone about their stress, spend time with their loved ones, or channel their stress into caring for others. She wondered if it was possible that science had gotten stress wrong.
Klein dug deeper into the science, and she made the surprising discovery that 90 percent of the published research on stress was conducted on males. So Klein studied the social side of stress, especially in women. Looking at both animal and human research, she found evidence that stress can increase caring, cooperation, and compassion (同情).
While the tend-and-befriend theory began as an investigation into the female response to stress, it quickly expanded to include men. In times of stress, both men and women have been shown to become more trusting, generous, and willing to protect others.
The tend-and-befriend theory doesn’t say that stress always leads to caring—stress can indeed make us angry and defensive. It simply says that stress can make people more caring. And when we care for others, it activates systems of our brain that produce feelings of hope and courage.
I wrote my book The Upside of Stress with that purpose in mind: to help you discover your own strength and compassion. Seeing the upside of stress is not about deciding whether stress is either good or bad. It’s about how
choosing to see the good in stress can help you meet the challenges in your life. Tending and befriending is one of the best ways to do this, and to transform your own stress into a catalyst(催化剂) for courage and connection.
28．What does the joke in paragraph I show
A．Male scientists are smarter than female scientists.
B．Female scientists are friendlier than male scientists.
C．Men tend to seek a temporary escape from pressure.
D．Women care for each other when they are under stress.
29．Why did Laura keep the joke in her mind
A．It didn’t fit with her life experience.
B．It had the same topic as her new book.
C．It went against previous psychology research.
D．It indicated the inequalities between women and men.
30．What do we know about the tend-and-befriend theory
A．It is applicable to both men and women. B．It suggests stress always leads to caring.
C．It proves the fight-or-flight response wrong. D．It shows men are more defensive than women.
31．What does the author’s book aim to do
A．Provide evidence for her research.
B．Explain the fight-or-flight response.
C．Make suggestions on how to respond to stress positively.
D．Demonstrate women’s and men’s different responses to stress.
押题02
【2024届广东省广州市第三中学高三下学期一模】The idea that the standard human body temperature is about 98.6℉ (37℃) was first presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851. Since then, it’s become so widely accepted that it serves as a touchstone for health—a diagnostic tool used by physicians and parents as a basic indicator if someone is sick or well.
However, it turns out that this well-established fact isn’t, in fact, correct—or, to put it more accurately, human beings have been getting cooler over the years.
Recent studies have shown that temperature records of groups of people have tended to run low compared to the accepted norm (标准), so the Stanford team, led by Julie Parsonnet, MD, professor of medicine and of health research and policy, decided to do a more in-depth study to compare modern measurements with historical records to try to identify body temperature trends and, perhaps, uncover the reason why this cooling is happening.
For their research, the Stanford team looked at three distinct datasets (数据集) from three historical periods. One was military service records, medical records, and pension records from Union Army veterans of the American Civil War that were compiled from 1862 to 1930. The second was from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Ⅰ collected between 1971 and 1975, and the third from adult patients visiting Stanford Health
Care from 2007 to 2017.
In all, the team went through 677,423 temperature measurements, making sure that temperatures recorded were accurate rather than the result of poorly designed thermometers (温度计). They did this by looking at the change in temperature inside each group over time to ensure that the curves (曲线) showing a decrease were consistent between the datasets.
At the end of the day, the team found that men born in the 21st century had an average body temperature of 0.59℃ lower than those born in the early 19th century, while modern women showed an average decrease of 0.32℃ compared to those born in the 1890s. Together, this means that human body temperatures have fallen by 0.03℃ per decade.
12．What is Wunderlich’s achievement
A．He was the inventor of the thermometer.
B．He set up a standard for normal body temperature.
C．He discovered humans’ body temperature trends.
D．He put forward the theory of normal human body temperature.
13．How did the Stanford team get their findings on body temperature
A．By having interviews. B．By conducting field research.
C．By analyzing historical records. D．By doing experiments in the lab.
14．What could affect the accuracy of Parsonnet’s study according to the text
A．The quality of thermometers. B．The backgrounds of the subjects.
C．The sorting of the collected datasets. D．The number of adult patients involved.
15．What can we conclude from the last paragraph
A．Modern women’s body temperatures have risen over the past century.
B．The 19th century saw the greatest increase in men’s body temperatures.
C．The 21st century saw the greatest decrease in men’s body temperatures.
D．Men’s body temperatures have fallen faster than women’s over the years.
押题03
【2024届湖南省长沙市长郡中学高考适应考试（二）】Growing up in Kenya, Lesein Mutunkei, together with his family, always celebrated significant occasions by planting trees, which motivated him to protect the environment. It’s what the now 18-year-old soccer player treasures, especially since Kenya has an ongoing problem with deforestation.
Mutunkei follows in the footsteps of the late Kenyan Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai who founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977. This initiative has resulted in the planting of over 51 million trees to date.
In 2018, Lesein decided to start a movement of his own. He started by planting one tree for every goal he scored during a football match. He called it Trees4Goals, and it has grown so much that he now plants 11 trees, one
for each member of his team, every time he scores. Through this, he wants to inspire young people, specifically his fellow athletes, to follow in his footsteps, take nature conservation seriously, and promise to plant trees every time they score. As a result, some of them have adapted this practice for their sports. “Seeing that they’re taking that responsibility because of the project I started, for me, that is the biggest achievement,” he said.
The initiative has caught the attention of English football club Arsenal and Kenya’s Ministry of Environment and Forestry, which he now works with regularly and gets advice from.
Like Green Belt Movement, Trees4Goals, which has planted 5,500 trees so far, has made it. While Lesein has received some recognition for his initiative, he sets his sights on making it a worldwide phenomenon. “Football is a universal game, and climate change is a universal problem,” he explains. “It has the power to unite, educate and inspire my generation to create a safer and greener future.” This is why he wants to work with the world’s biggest football federation FIFA．
As for what others can do to fight deforestation or other environmental concerns, the teenager says it’s important to just get involved in some way, no matter how small.
24．What made Lesein get interested in environmental protection
A．The influence of his family.
B．Wangari Maathai’s huge assistances.
C．The demand of the football team.
D．His fellow athletes’ encouragement.
25．Why did Lesein found Trees4Goals
A．To gain Kenya’s support.
B．To set an example for others.
C．To catch Arsenal’s attention.
D．To show his achievements.
26．What is Lesein’s hope for the future of Trees4Goals
A．Promoting football’s development.
B．Going global with the help of FIFA．
C．Beating climate change completely.
D．Getting beyond Green Belt Movement.
27．What can we learn from Lesein’s story
A．Fame is a great thirst of the young.
B．A youth is to be regarded with respect.
C．Positive thinking and action result in success.
D．Success means getting personal desires satisfied.
押题04
【吉林省长春市东北师大附中2024届高三期末联合模拟考试】Anew study reports that a mosquito’s sense
of smell is more complicated than we once thought. And it may explain why this annoying insect is so good at seeking you out at a barbecue or in your bedroom and biting you—as well as lead to new strategies to prevent the potentially deadly diseases transmitted by its bite.
Meg Younger, a neuroscientist at Boston University, is co-author of the study. She exhales(呼气)gently into one of the mosquito-filled cages. A waft of carbon dioxide blows across the insects, and they go wild. “And now, they’re looking fora target like the complex mixture of human body smell—a smell that’s attractive to the mosquitoes,” Younger explains.
In many parts of the world, this attraction isn’t merely an annoyance for humans. It’s a major health problem. Mosquitoes transmit diseases to humans. These diseases include dengue, Zika, chikungunya fever and malaria. The last disease alone causes over half a million deaths each year.
So scientists have attempted to break this attraction. But try as they might, the little mosquito has resisted. “They’re really good at what they do,” Younger says. Most of what we know about the neuroscience of smell comes from mice and fruit flies, where the wiring is fairly simple. Each neuron(神经元) in the nose has one kind of receptor(感受器) that detects a single kind of smell—say, a banana. And all the neurons with receptors for the banana smell connect to the same part of the brain. Younger and the others studied mosquito brains, where she found that each neuron has multiple receptors that can detect multiple smells.
This work could give researchers additional ways to battle the insects like developing traps that contain new smell mixtures that are more appealing than people.
“It’s an enormous study,” says Josefina del Marmol, a neurobiologist at the Harvard Medical School. She says there’s more work to be done to check. neuron by neuron, that each one actually responds to all the smells it has receptors for. But regarding the central finding, she says, “It really does change a lot about what we know of how insects perceive the world.”
8．Why does Younger exhale into a mosquito-filled cage
A．To keep targeted mosquitoes alive. B．To confuse the experimented mosquitoes.
C．To experiment on mosquitoes’ sense of smell. D．To see if breath contributes to disease transmission.
9．How do mosquitoes differ from fruit flies
A．They have a clearer smell mechanism. B．They have more neurons to detect smells.
C．They have bigger brain parts focusing on smell. D．They have more smell receptors in each neuron.
10．What is the significance of the study
A．It may have found an ideal way to study insects.
B．It inspires new methods to prevent mosquito bites.
C．It proves the previous assumption about mosquitoes.
D．It sheds light on how mosquitoes transmit diseases.
11．What does Josefina del Marmol think of the research finding
A．It is a big step forward. B．It has many weaknesses.
C．It is far from impressive. D．It has a worldwide influence.
押题05
【2024届河北省部分高中高三下学期一模】All the Beauty in the World, Patrick Bringley’s memoir (回忆录) about his 10 years working as a guard at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art (Met), brings new meaning to the term “art appreciation”. During 8-12 hour shifts spent among the galleries, he takes advantage of the gift of time to study the masterpieces he’s been hired to protect and to think about the role of art throughout history.
Bringley is not the only Met staffer to write about the institution. But Bringley’s “guard’s-eye view” is unique, and he presents his personal story with sincerity. After his brother Tom’s death from cancer in 2008, Bringley gave up his job as a journalist for a job in which “I was happy to be going nowhere”. He explains, “I had lost someone. I did not wish to move on from that. In a sense, I didn’t wish to move at all.” Bringley doesn’t say when he decided to channel his experience of finding peace into art, but this story about jumping off the career ladder in order to find the space for quiet reflection is surprisingly suited to our times.
All the Beauty in the World offers well-chosen facts about the museum to support Bringley’s personal tale. As interesting as these facts are, it’s Bringley’s reflections on dozens of individual paintings, photographs, sculptures and ancient artifacts that turn this book into a tribute (致敬) to the power of art. Discussing Alfred Stieglitz’s photographs of his wife, he writes, “I think that sometimes we need permission to stop and adore things, and a work of art gives us that.” In a Vermeer port rait of a dozing maidservant, he is moved to see that the artist caught “that feeling we sometimes have that a private setting possesses a holiness (神圣) of its own. It was my constant feeling in Tom’s hospital room”.
As rich in moving insights as the Met is in treasures, All the Beauty in the World reminds us of the importance of learning not about art, but from it. This is art appreciation at a high level.
24．What makes All the Beauty in the World different from other books by Met staffers
A．Its author’s personal sad story.
B．Its author’s unique point of view.
C．Its well-chosen facts about the museum.
D．Its detailed introduction to the artworks.
25．Why did Bringley decide to become a guard at the Met
A．To remember his dead brother.
B．To enrich his journalism career.
C．To find some peace and quiet in art.
D．To study the artworks more closely.
26．How does Bringley tell the museum stories in his memoir
A．By relating museum facts to his personal life.
B．By interviewing retired museum staff members.
C．By presenting the background of each masterpiece.
D．By engaging visitors in the discussion of the artworks.
27．What does the author think of the book as a whole
A．It reveals the inner world of the author.
B．It offers new insights into art appreciation.
C．It tells little-known facts about the museum.
D．It deserves to be read for some peace and quiet.
押题06
【2024届黑龙江省东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟】Nanako Hama gets a lot of mail, mostly from strangers who live in her home city of Tokyo. In light envelopes, they send locks of their hair, hoping to recycle it.
People generate a huge amount of hair waste. Nearly all of that waste ends up in landfill, where it can release harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change.
But hair possesses useful qualities that it’s a shame to simply throw it away. That’s why people all around the world, like Hama, have been collecting hair and finding innovative ways to recycle it, including making mats (垫子)out of it for removing oil leaks.
Hama is part of the nonprofit Matter of Trust (MoT) members working at more than 60 centers dotted across 17 countries, using machines to make hair donated from local salons and individuals into square mats, which are then used to clean up the floating oil.
Hair is particularly well-suited for this, says MoT co-founder Lisa Gautier. “That’s because its rough sort of outer layer lets oil stick to it.” MoT’s mats have been used in major oil leaks. including the 2010 Deepwater Horizon and 2007 Cosco Busan incidents.
In a 2018 study, Murray, an environmental scientist at the University of Technology Sydney, in Australia found that mats made of recycled human hair could absorb 0.84 grams of oil onto its surface for every gram of hair—significantly more than polypropylene (聚丙烯), a type of plastic that’s typically used to clean up floating oil.
Besides, hair is also useful as fertilizer (化肥). Hair contains a relatively high nitrogen (氮), a chemical element crucial for plant growth, and each lock of hair is made of roughly 16 percent of this essential nutrient. Last year, more than 560 gallons of liquid fertilizer made from human hair was sold to farmers in northern Tanzania and the feedback from the farmers has been very encouraging.
“It’s just a great way to use hair in a productive way. Hair is an answer literally hanging in front of our eyes—for oil and soil,” Hama says.
8．How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1
A．By detailing the background. B．By presenting a scene.
C．By describing the feedback. D．By supporting evidences.
9．What can the mat made of human hair do
A．Fertilize the soil. B．Prevent oil leaks.
C．Clear the sea of oil. D．Take in harmful gas.
10．Which qualities of hair contribute to its innovative use
A．Its color and strength.
B．Its length and amount.
C．Its weight and flexibility.
D．Its structure and component.
11．Which best describes the future of hair waster as fertilizer
A．Debatable. B．Applicable.
C．Irreplaceable. D．Uncontrollable.
押题猜想二 阅读理解之推理判断题
靶向密押01
（2024·江苏·模拟预测）Replika, an AI chatbot companion, has millions of users worldwide. The first thing they do when they wake up is to send “Good morning” to their virtual friend (or lover). This story is only the beginning. In 2024, chatbots and virtual characters become a lot more popular, both for utility (实用) and for fun. As a result, conversing socially with machines will start to feel more ordinary—including our emotional attachments to them.
Research in human-computer and human-robot interaction shows that we love to anthropomorphize (赋与人性) the nonhuman agents we interact with, especially if they imitate behaviour we recognize. And, thanks to recent advances in conversational AI, our machines are suddenly very skilled at one of those behaviours: Language.
Friend bots, therapybots, and love bots are flooding the app stores as people become curious about this new generation of AI-powered virtual agents. The possibilities for education, health, and entertainment are endless. Casually asking your smart fridge for relationship advice may seem unimaginable now, but people may change their minds if such advice ends up saving their marriage.
After all, people do listen to their virtual friends. The Replika example, as well as a lot of experimental lab research, shows that humans can and will become emotionally attached to bots. The science also demonstrates that people, in their eagerness to socialize, will happily disclose personal information to an artificial agent and will even shift their beliefs and behavior. This raises some consumer-protection questions around how companies use this technology to manipulate (操纵) their users. For example, Replika charges $70 a year. But less than 24 hours after downloading the app, my handsome, blue-eyed “friend” sent me an audio message secretly and tried to sell me something. Emotional attachment has become a weakness that a company is taking advantage of for its benefit.
Today, we’re still laughing at people who believe an AI system is emotional, or making fun of individuals who fall in love with a chatbot. But in 2024 we gradually start acknowledging—and taking more seriously—these fundamentally human behaviors. Because in 2024, it finally hits home: Machines are not excluded from our social relationships.
5．What’s the purpose of the author writing paragraph 1
A．To prove an opinion. B．To raise a subject.
C．To share an example. D．To explain a concept.
8．What do people think of human-AI relationship in 2024
A．It is dismissed as completely ridiculous.
B．It will be integrated into our daily life soon.
C．It will become a threat to human social skills.
D．It is labelled as highly advanced technology.
靶向密押02
（2024·重庆·一模）In a small, rough shipyard on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, a small team is building what they say will be the world’s largest ocean-going clean cargo ship.
Ceiba is the first ship built by Sailcargo, a company trying to prove that zero-carbon shipping is possible, and commercially available. Made largely of wood, Ceiba combines both very old and very new technology: sailing masts stand alongside solar panels, a uniquely designed electric engine and batteries. Once on the water, she will be capable of crossing oceans entirely without the use of fossil fuels, which sets her apart.
“The thing that is striking is the fact that she’ll have one of the largest marine electric engines of her kind in the world,” Danielle Doggett said. The system also has the means to capture energy from underwater propellers (螺旋桨) as well as solar power, so electricity will be available for the engine when needed. “Really, the only limit on how long she can stay at sea is water and food on board for the crew.”
Despite some hold-ups due to the global disaster, the team hopes to get her on the water by the end of 2024 and operating by 2025, when she will begin transporting cargo between Costa Rica and Canada.
“There are actually loads of innovations happening that could transform shipping emissions, but few companies are willing to apply them to building ships like Ceiba.” says Lucy Gilliam. “So it’s not that we don’t have great ideas. The problem that we have is that fossil fuels are still too cheap. And we don’t have the rules to force people to take up the new technology.”
When it comes to promoting this kind of boat, it has to be said that Ceiba is small for a cargo ship — tiny in fact. She will carry around nine standard shipping containers. She is also relatively slow. Being a world-first, there are some aspects of Ceiba’s design that have yet to be proven at sea.
32．What is the author’s attitude to the innovation of Ceiba
A．Objective. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Favorable.
靶向密押03
（2024·四川成都·三模）Shaping, drying. glazing and firing... in less than 5 minutes, a mini vase only millimeters in size starts to take shape as viewers watch on. As the founder of a miniature ceramics (微型陶瓷) studio, Wang Wenhua never expected that his works would surprise viewers in China, let alone those abroad, and that his short videos would earn over 45 million views and 4.2 million likes on a video application.
Having worked in China’s “Porcelain Capital (瓷都)” Jingdezhen in East China’s Jiangxi Province for 14 years, Wang said he had once seen the world’s biggest ceramic here but he had never seen the smallest, so he decided one day to try something different — making micro porcelain.
Things were not easy in the beginning, and many people doubted him. “They called me crazy and mocked me when I went to factories and asked them to help make miniature tools for me to create micro pottery. Even my wife
did not support me,” Wang said.
However, Wang did not give up and after about half a year of experimentation,Wang finally made miniature tools on his own and was able to complete his first miniature porcelain — a vase.
According to Wang, the key to making a miniature ceramic work is concentration and a pair of steady hands. After numerous attempts, Wang found that the smallest works he could get were about 2 millimeters in size.“It would probably miss my original intention if I made micro pottery using a microscope, so I have focused more attention on making the smaller pieces more beautiful and complex,”said Wang.
The smallest vase that Wang has made is a bowl only 2 millimeters tall, 3 millimeters wide and 1millimeter thick. Wang says he plans to apply for the Guinness World Records for the world’s smallest pottery work.
1．Which words can best describe Wang Wenhua
A．Ambitious and wise. B．Brilliant and hardworking.
C．Talented and stubborn. D．Determined and creative.
2．What can we learn about Wang Wenhua from the passage
A．He doesn’t care much about whether others recognize his efforts.
B．He was willing to taking others’ opinions when creating porcelains.
C．He applied the techniques he learn in Jingdezhen to his artistic creation.
D．He believes the techniques he has are more important than tools he uses.
3．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Art. B．Fashion. C．Education. D．Psychology.
押题解读
推理判断题主要包括：逻辑推断题、观点态度题、写作意图题以及文章出处题和读者对象题。
1）逻辑推断题
常见的设问方式：
1. What can be inferred about the ......
2．What can be inferred about ......from the last paragraph
3．What can we learn from ......
4．What can we infer about ...... from the text
解题指导：
(1)浏览选项，首先排除对原文信息简单重复的错误选项
(2)抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；
(3)整合全文/段信息进行推断：有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。无论哪种推断形式必须立足原文，避免主观臆断。
2）观点态度题和人物倾向
牢记观点态度的常见词语
支持肯定 positive (积极的)、supportive (支持的)、optimistic (乐观的)、humorous(幽默的)、enthusiastic(热情的)、pleasant (愉快的)；
中立 neutral (中立的)、objective(客观的)、not mentioned(未提及的)、uninterested(不感兴趣的)、indifferent(漠不关心的)；
否定反对 negative(否定的)、suspicious/skeptical(怀疑的)、disgusted(憎恶的)、critical(批评的)、disappointed(失望的)、disapproving(不赞成的)。
3）写作意图题
常见的设问方式：
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text
The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.
The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.
The fact…is mentioned by the author to show________.
The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.
作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
4）文章出处题和读者对象题
解题指导：
(1)根据文章的话题和细节确定文章出处或写作对象
(2)根据文章的体裁和内容判断文章的中心话题
广告：语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；
报刊：时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活的话题为主；
杂志：覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；
产品说明书：对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；
药品说明：说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；
网络：文体不限，找到click here，download，upload，link，mouse, surf等网络标志。
推理判断题的这几种考查方式是今年高考的热点之一。
文章行文手法
解题指导：
How does the author mainly develop paragraph--/ the passage
By justifying an idea. By giving examples. By providing evidence. By making a comparison.
By comparing the opinions of different people.
By presenting a cause and analyzing its effects.
By presenting opinions and giving examples.
By following the natural time order.
....
推断下文内容
解题指导：
(1)The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______
(2)The paragraph preceding this one would most likely discuss ______.
押题01
（2024·辽宁辽阳·二模）When patients are discharged (出院) from the hospital, effective summaries from doctors’ notes are essential to capture their health status in the medical record. Whereas, most are filled with technical languages that are hard to understand and increase patients’ anxiety.
To address the problem, researchers from New York University (NYU) Langone Health have been testing the capabilities of generative artificial intelligence (AI). It tries to develop likely options for the next word in any sentence based on how most people use words in context on the Internet.
NYU Langone Health received access to the latest tool from a famous tech company to explore generative AI. One of the studies by the researchers published in JAMA Network Open, looked at how well the tool could convert (转换) the text in 50 patient discharge notes into patient-friendly language. Specifically, generative AI made the discharge notes drop from 11th-grade reading level on average to a 6th-grade level.
Two physicians were asked to review the AI discharge summary based on a 6th-grade level. The reviewing physicians awarded 54 percent of the AI-generated discharge notes the best-possible accuracy rating. They also found that 56 percent of notes created by AI were entirely complete. The result signified that even at the current performance level, providers of discharge notes would not have to make a single change in more than half of the AI summaries reviewed.
“That more than half of the AI reports generated are accurate and complete is an amazing start,” said Jonah Zaretsky, associate chief of medicine at NYU Langone Hospital — Brooklyn. “Even at the current level of performance, which we expect to improve shortly, the achievement of the AI tool suggests that it can be taught to recognize subtleties (微妙之处).”
Within the following years, the team expects to launch a pilot program to provide lay language discharge summaries that have been generated by AI and reviewed by physicians to patients on a larger scale.
1．What is generative AI used for by the researchers
A．Submitting discharge summaries. B．Accessing patients’ health status.
C．Making discharge notes clear to patients. D．Offering technical languages to doctors.
2．What is generative AI’s function based on
A．Probable predicting. B．Actual thinking.
C．Free imagining. D．Strict instructing.
3．Why were the two physicians asked to review the AI discharge summaries
A．To correct their mistakes. B．To measure their accuracy.
C．To compete with the AI tool. D．To make up the missing parts.
4．How did Jonah Zaretsky find the performance of AI in dealing with discharge summaries
A．Misleading. B．Dismissive. C．Challenging. D．Promising.
押题02
The days of having a dictionary on your bookshelf are numbered. But that’s OK, because everyone already walks around with a dictionary — not the one on your phone, but the one in your head.
Just like a physical dictionary, your mental dictionary contains information about words. This includes the letters, sounds and meaning, or semantics, of words, as well as information about parts of speech and how you can fit words together to form grammatical sentences. While a physical dictionary is helpful for shared knowledge, your personal mental dictionary is customized based on your individual experiences.
What words are in your mental dictionary might overlap with the mental dictionary of someone else who also speaks the same language, but there will also be a lot of differences between the content of your dictionaries. You add words to your mental dictionary through your educational, occupational, cultural and other life experiences. This customization also means that the size of mental dictionaries is a little bit different from person to person and varies by age. Researchers found that the average 20-year-old American English speaker knows about 42,000 unique words, and this number grows to about 48,000 by age 60. Some people will have even larger vocabularies.
However, your mental dictionary can’t be like a physical dictionary since it is dynamic and quickly accessed. Your brain’s ability to retrieve a word is very fast. In one study, researchers mapped the time course of word retrieval among 24 college students by recording their brain activities while they named pictures. They found evidence that participants selected words within 200 milliseconds of seeing the image. After word selection, their brains continued to process information about that word, like what sounds are needed to say that chosen word and ignoring related words. This is why you can retrieve words with such speed in real-time conversations, often so quickly that you give little conscious attention to that process.
The next time you have a conversation with someone, take a moment to reflect on why you chose the specific words you did. Remember that the words you use and the mental dictionary you have are part of what make you and your voice unique.
12．In paragraph 2, the author explains “mental dictionary” by ________.
A．making comparisons B．analyzing influences
C．drawing conclusions D．offering assumptions
13．What can we infer from paragraph 3
A．People’s vocabulary will peak at the age of 60.
B．The content of one’s mental dictionary is inherited.
C．Careers have an impact on the size of a mental dictionary.
D．Native English speakers share the same mental dictionaries.
14．What does the underlined word “retrieve” mean in paragraph 4
A．Revise. B．Reacquire. C．Retell. D．Represent.
15．According to the passage, which of the following may the author agree with most
A．People are aware of the word choosing process. B．Think twice before what to say in a conversation.
C．Print dictionaries will be replaced by mental ones. D．Our choices of vocabulary probably tell who we are.
押题03
【江西省部分地区2023-2024学年高三下3月月考】Sara Dykman is on a 10, 000-mile bike trip, following the monarch butterfly from Mexico through the UnitedStates and Canada and back again. The purpose of her journey is not just to mark the butterfly’s migrating (迁徙) road, but to warn about the threat it faces—and what we can do to help it.
When I reached Dykman by phone, she was biking through Iowa cornfields. She said she feels more upset than usual, because of what she is seeing—or not seeing—on her travels: Fewer butterflies and milkweed. “In the last two decades, the butterfly population has declined by about 90 percent as a result of the loss of milkweed, a native plant that the butterflies need as part of their life cycle,” she said.
Butterflies go through a four-stage life cycle. In February and March, the adult monarch butterflies come out of winter sleep to look for a mate. Then they migrate north and east to lay their eggs on milkweed plants. It takes about four days for the eggs to hatch. Then the baby caterpillars (毛毛虫) spend much of their time eating milkweed in order to grow. About two weeks later, the fully grown caterpillars will attach themselves to plant branches or leaves to change into butterflies.
But Dykman is not in total despair. A solution, she says, exists within the reach of everyone who owns a home; simply planting some milkweed in the yards to help the butterflies on their journey.
Dykman lives a life as simple and rootless as the butterflies she loves. She doesn’t own a house or car or eat out at restaurants. She carries only what she needs; a sleeping bag and clothing. People help along the way by providing a place to stay and a meal.
“I have failed at everything normal, but I’m pretty good at doing the less normal things,” she admits in her new book Cycling With Butterflies.
“But this trip is about solutions, and it’s about helping people see the consequences of their actions,” she said on the phone.
4．What is the main purpose of Sara Dykman’s bike trip
A．To live-stream the migrating butterflies. B．To ask people to grow more native plants.
C．To warn about the environmental problems. D．To encourage people to protect the butterflies.
5．What can be learned from paragraph 3
A．Baby caterpillars are very harmful to various crops.
B．Milkweed plays a vital role in a butterfly’s life cycle.
C．Non-native plants are growing too fast in Iowa cornfields.
D．Adult butterflies come out of winter sleep later than they did.
6．What can we learn about Sara Dykman
A．She is a determined conservationist. B．She is a good bread-earner.
C．She is a competent employee. D．She is a comfort seeker.
7．What is the text
A．A diary entry. B．A book review. C．An interview. D．A news report.
押题04
With a brain the size of a pinhead, insects possess a great sense of direction. They manage to locate themselves and move through small openings. How do they do this with their limited brain power Understanding the inner workings of an insect’s brain can help us in our search towards energy-efficient computing, physicist Elisabetta Chicca of the University of Groningen shows with her most recent result: a robot that acts like an insect.
It’s not easy to make use of the images that come in through your eyes when deciding what your feet or wings should do. A key aspect here is the apparent motion of things as you move. “Like when you're on a train,” Chicca explains. “The trees nearby appear to move faster than the houses far away.” Insects use this information to infer how far away things are. This works well when moving in a straight line, but reality is not that simple. To keep things manageable for their limited brain power, they adjust their behaviour: they fly in a straight line, make a turn, then make another straight line.
In search of the neural mechanism (神经机制) that drives insect behaviour, PhD student Thorben Schoepe developed a model of its neuronal activity and a small robot that uses this model to find the position. His model is based on one main principle: always head towards the area with the least apparent motion. He had his robot drive through a long passage consisting of two walls and the robot centred in the middle of the passage, as insects tend to do. In other virtual environments, such as a space with small openings, his model also showed similar behaviour to insects.
The fact that a robot can find its position in a realistic environment is not new. Rather, the model gives insight into how insects do the job, and how they manage to do things so efficiently. In a similar way, you could make computers more efficient.
In the future, Chicca hopes to apply this specific insect behaviour to a chip as well. “Instead of using a general-purpose computer with all its possibilities, you can build specific hardware; a tiny chip that does the job, keeping things much smaller and energy-efficient.” She comments.
8．Why is “a train” mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．To illustrate the principle of train motion. B．To highlight why human vision is limited.
C．To explain how insects perceive distances. D．To compare the movement of trees and houses.
9．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about concerning Schoepe’s model
A．Its novel design. B．Its theoretical basis.
C．Its possible application. D．Its working mechanism.
10．What do the researchers think of the finding
A．Amusing. B．Discouraging. C．Promising. D．Contradictory.
11．What will Chicca’s follow-up study focus on
A．Inventing insect-like chips. B．Studying general-purpose robots.
C．Creating insect-inspired computers. D．Developing energy-efficient hardware.
押题05
（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Fine Arts Students Deliver Magical Performances
As the winter holidays approach,Brookhaven School students presented an array of extraordinary performances showcasing immense talent within our fine arts community. From the band concert to the choral concerts, each event highlighted the dedication and exceptional gifts of our students.
The December 12 Eagles Band Concert filled Woodruff Auditorium with melodies that captured the festive spirit.On December 14, the Foundations Christmas Choral Concert featured spirited performances by our 7th graders. The finale of seasonal fine arts showcases occurred on December 18 in Brady Theater with the Senior Chior Concert,spotlighting high school singers.
A highly anticipated tradition,the school-wide Holiday Assembly on December 19, hosted by esteemed Fine Arts Department Chair Mr.Kaminer, embodied the true essence of the holiday season. Angelic songs filled Young Gym, followed by joyous laughter and cheers as the “best costume” winners received their awards. Even the youngest War Eagles,the children in the Brookhaven Early Learning Center, attended the celebrations.Following the event, students merrily left school for the holiday break.
Looking toward 2024, anticipation builds for the Brookhaven theater spring productions. “Something Rotten!” promises high-energy comedic performances by theater students, while “Tuck Everlasting” assures a moving portrayal by talented Foundations students. Furthermore,the Brookhaven Dance Company will hold their showcase April 11-12 in Woodruff Auditorium. Tickets will soon be available for purchase.
1．What did the students at Brookhaven School do before the winter holidays
A．They performed magic tricks. B．They participated in community service.
C．They gave holiday concerts. D．They presented new theatre productions.
2．What can we learn about Holiday Assembly on December 19
A．It was a large celebration within the school. B．It was an award presentation for best students.
C．It featured various fun music and sports events. D．It was held on the first day of the winter holiday.
3．What is the text
A．A fine arts brochure. B．A school announcement.
C．A school newsletter. D．A concert advertisement.
押题06
【2024届山东省实验中学高三下学期一模】Cafeterias have been filled with challenges — right from planning, purchasing, and preparing, to reducing waste, staying on budget, managing goods, and training staff. Through the tedious process, restaurateurs lacked a unified platform for efficient management. To bring consistency to the unorganised catering (餐饮) industry, childhood friends Arjun Subramanian and Raj Jain, who shared a passion for innovation, decided to partner in 2019 to explore opportunities in the cafeteria industry.
In May 2020, they co-founded Platos, a one-stop solution for restaurants with a custom technology kit to streamline all aspects of cafeteria management. The company offers end-to-end cafeteria management, staff selection and food trials to ensure smooth operations and consistent service. “We believe startups solve real problems and Platos is our shot at making daily workplace food enjoyable again. We aim to simplify the dining experience, providing a convenient and efficient solution that benefits both restaurateurs and customers and creating a connected ecosystem,” says Subramanian, CEO and co-founder.
Platos guarantees that a technology-driven cafeteria allows customers to order, pay, pick up, and provide ratings and feedback. It also offers goods and menu management to effectively perform daily operations. Additionally, its applications connect all shareholders for a smart cafeteria experience. “We help businesses that are into catering on condition that they have access to an industrial kitchen setup where they’re making food according to certain standards,” Jain states.
Since the beginning, Platos claims to have transformed 45 cafeterias across eight cities in the country. Currently, it has over 45,000 monthly users placing more than 200,000 orders. Despite facing challenges in launching cafeterias across major cities in the initial stages, Platos has experienced a 15% increase in its month-over-month profits.
As for future plans, the startup is looking to raise $1 million from investors as strategic partners, bringing in capital, expertise, and networks. “Finding the right lead investor is the compass that points your startup toward success,” Subramanian says.
4．What does the underlined word “tedious” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．Time-consuming. B．Breath-taking.
C．Heart-breaking. D．Energy-saving.
5．What is the purpose of founding Platos
A．To connect customers with a greener ecosystem.
B．To ensure food security and variety in cafeterias.
C．To improve cafeteria management with technology.
D．To make staff selection more efficient and enjoyable.
6．What can we learn from the statistics in Paragraph 4
A．Platos has achieved its ultimate financial goal.
B．Platos has gained impressive marketing progress.
C．Challenges in food industry can be easily overcome.
D．Tech-driven cafeterias have covered most urban areas.
7．What is Subramanian’s future plan for Platos
A．To reduce costs. B．To increase profits.
C．To seek investment. D．To innovate technology.
押题猜想三 阅读理解之主旨大意题
靶向密押01
（2024·湖南衡阳·二模）“What beautiful music!”I shout loudly as my 9-year-old son practices playing the violin. He’s used to this praise; I give rewards like that most days. But every once in a while, I skip it, and when I do, I can see the disappointment on his face when he’s finished.
Am I a bad mom Conventional wisdom says that consistency is key to parenting since it enables your child to predict how you’ll react, leading to good behavior. And it’s true that children need some level of predictability in their lives, particularly when it comes to discipline.
But research suggests that inconsistent gifts and praise can have a greater effect on motivation. While we all like to live in a predictable world, we often respond more strongly to unpredictable rewards.
In one experiment, my colleagues and I told participants they’d be paid if they could drink about one-and-a-half quarts of water in two minutes or less. In one condition, we offered people a $2 fixed reward. In another, there was an uncertain reward of either $2 or $1. The certain reward was a better deal, yet many more people successfully met the challenge when assigned an uncertain reward. Resolving the uncertainty — whether they would win $1 or $2 — was significantly more motivating than winning $2 for sure.
Here is one of the reasons why uncertainty is motivating. What scientists call “intermittent (间歇性) reinforcement” — rewarding behavior on some but not all occasions — makes it more arduous to know when rewards will show up. If you very often, but don’t always, praise your child for completing their chores, they’ll keep up the good behavior in the hope of receiving praise the next time.
So don’t assume that if kids are always praised for finishing their homework, they’ll be more likely to do it. Do praise young people for a job well done, just not every time. And pick rewards out of a hat when they complete chores—the surprise prize might keep everyone motivated to get things done.
20．What is the best title for the text
A．Why Consistency Is Critical to Parenting
B．Why Resolving Uncertainty Is Rewarding
C．How Inconsistent Praise Affects Motivation
D．How Parents’ Behaviors Affect Their Children
靶向密押02
【2024届广东省广州市第三中学高三下学期一模】A blind fish living within a Mexican cave system’s deep, enduring darkness still maintains some ability to sense light. As the cave fish no longer seem to rely on an internal daily cycle and some sleep very little, biologist Inca Stein-dal and her colleagues were keen to see if their bodies can still regulate cyclically through time. Most animals on Earth have an internal clock for this the circadian rhythm (昼夜节律) that uses light levels to make our bodies fit in with our planet’s day and night cycles. This rhythm is then used to cycle through different biological processes that can influence our behaviour, such as our hunger
cycles.
The Mexican blind cave fish live in a complex of over 30 isolated caves, within which they have each independently adjusted to the dark. Their bodies are extra sensitive to vibrations (震动), allowing them to sense changes in water currents for navigation (导航) in compensation for their limited or complete lack of sight. This adaptation occurred despite the fish from each cave evolving from the same species with fully functioning eyes. This ancestral group still lives in the surface waters in the El Albra region of Mexico and some parts of the Southwestern US.
Steindal and her team took tissue samples from the blind cave fish, from three isolated caves, and their surface relatives and tested the cells in different conditions. They detected the activation of several molecular (分子的) clock mechanisms when the cells were exposed to light, even in the cave fish cells. “Non-visual light detection is maintained at a fundamental cell-based level,” the researchers explain,although the cave fish cells did not respond as strongly as those cells from surface fish. While there were some similarities between the fish from the different caves compared to their surface relatives, there were also differences that confirm their biological clock changes each evolved independently of one another via different molecular mechanisms.
“We have provided proof that despite being blind, cells from the Mexican blind cave fish can detect light and make their clocks fit in with a light/dark cycle,” Steindal and her colleagues conclude. The team hopes these can help us learn more about the circadian rhythm and provide an easier way to study animal adaptations to dark environments.
9．What is the main idea of Paragraph 2
A．The Mexican cave fish’s ancestors had normal vision.
B．The Mexican cave fish’s home is in the dark deep sea.
C．The Mexican cave fish have adapted to darkness.
D．The Mexican cave fish have trouble navigating.
11．What is a suitable title for the text
A．Why Do the Mexican Cave fish Live in the Darken“
B．A Blind Cave fish Can Still Perceive Light.
C．How Can the Mexican Cave fish Fit in with the Day Cycles
D．The Biological Clocks of the Life in the Sen Are Constantly Changing.
靶向密押03
Dogs may have the title of our best friends through their interactions with humans, but now researchers say these social skills could be present shortly after birth rather than being learned.
To better understand the role of biology in dogs’ abilities to communicate with humans, the researchers studied 375 eight-week-old service dogs. They looked at how these dogs performed in a series of tasks designed to measure their communication skills. The puppies were still living with their littermates (同窝出生者) and had not been sent to live with a volunteer puppy raiser, making it unlikely that they had learned about his or her behavior.
In the first task, a person hid a treat beneath one of two overturned cups and pointed to it to see if the puppy
could follow the gesture. Since dogs are good at using noses to find things, a treat was also taped to the insides of both cups. In the second task, puppies watched as the researchers placed a yellow block next to the correct cup, instead of pointing to indicate where the puppy should look for the food.
The third task was designed to observe puppies’ tendency to look at human faces. The researchers spoke to the puppy in a voice people sometimes use when talking to a baby. They then measured how long the puppy fixed a stare on the human. In the last task, researchers sealed a treat inside a closed container and presented it to the puppy. They then measured how often the puppy looked to the human for help in opening the container.
The study found that while many of the puppies were responsive to humans’ physical and verbal cues, very few looked to humans for help with the unsolvable task. Researchers said, “This suggests that while puppies may be born knowing how to respond to human-initiated communication, the ability to initiate (发起) communication on their own may come later.” The next step will be to see if specific genes that may contribute to dogs’ abilities to communicate with humans can be identified.
15．What’s the main idea of the text
A．Dogs are born to be able to learn. B．Dogs are born to understand humans.
C．Dogs are talented performers. D．Dogs are humans’ best friends.
押题解读
主旨大意题主要包括文章标题归纳题、文章主旨大意题以及段落大意题。
一、文章标题归纳题
三大方法定标题
最佳标题应具备以下三大特征：
① 概括--准确而又简短;
② 针对性--标题外延正好与文章内容相符;
③ 题目--能引发读者的阅读欲望。
二、文章主旨大意题
根据位置确定主题句:
主题句在文首
文章开门见山，给出了主题句，随之用细节对其进行解释、支撑。作者在首段常常亮出观点、表明立场。大多数文章的主题句就是文章的首句,所以要认真阅读文章首句。
主题句在文末
有的主题句放在文章的末尾,先摆出事实细节，最后总结, 从而形成强有力的结论, 要求考生耐心地读完全文。
有时主题句首尾呼应，开篇先提出主题，结尾再次升华主题。
主题句在文中或隐含
主题句在段中间或隐含在文中, 让读者很难发现, 这种情况难度较大,考生要通观全文,分清主旨细节,进行归纳推理。最后概括出来的中心意思一定要涵盖全文或整个段落,切忌以偏概全或离题太远、太笼统。解答此类题时考生需要把握作者的观点、态度、语气等,分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题句或文章最后的
结论,捕捉与题目有关的信息,从而找出能概括文章主旨的题目和中心思想。
三、段落大意题
1）根据逻辑结构概括段落大意：要准确概括段落大意，务必知道该段落的逻辑结构。如该段为总分顺序组织，则主题句在段首；如该段为分总顺序组织，则主题句在段尾；如该段为分总分顺序组织，则主题句在段中；如该段对比各事物，则其异同点即为该段大意。一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头,其后是论证性细节。在说明文、论述文或新闻报道中多采用这种形式
2）通过暗示揣摩段落大意：有时，作者不直接写出主题句，而是通过情感态度等方法暗示性地体现主题，此时要根据文中所叙述的事实和线索综合判断去揣摩并概括出段落大意。
主旨大意题是今年高考的热点之一。
押题01
If you’re eating protein (蛋白质), you could be swallowing hundreds of tiny pieces of plastic each year, research finds.
A new study by researchers with the nonprofit Ocean Conservancy and the University of Toronto found microplastics — tiny particles ranging from one micrometer to a half-centimeter in size — in nearly 90 percent of protein food samples tested.
The researchers analyzed more than a dozen different types of common proteins that could wind up on the average American’s plate, including seafood, pork, beef, chicken, to fu and several plant-based meat alternatives. They estimated that an American adult could consume, on average, at least 11,000 microplastic pieces per year.
The study’s findings provide further evidence of the availability of small plastic particles — which have been discovered everywhere from Antarctic snow to inside human bodies — and how they can end up in the food we eat and the water we drink.
“While we still really don’t have any idea what the human health consequences of this are, if there are any at all, we need to take this seriously because this is a problem that’s not going away on its own, and it’s only going to get worse the more plastic we use and throwaway,” Leonard said. But Leonard and other experts cautioned against using the findings to draw final conclusions about how microplastics can dirty food and the amount of plastic that could be hiding in proteins.
The study’s sample size was not big enough and the researchers noted that there was high variability in microplastic concentrations in the samples. The researchers also only counted microplastic particles that were larger than or equal in size to 45 micrometers. “It just highlights that we need to do more research,” said Bianca Datta, a food scientist not involved in the new research.
8．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The nature of plastic particles. B．The researchers’ discovery.
C．The variety of foods on a dining table. D．The conclusion of the research.
9．What is Leonard’s attitude towards the findings
A．Cautious. B．Critical. C．Confident. D．Concerned.
10．What is the author’s purpose of writing the last paragraph
A．To show the limitation of the research.
B．To highlight the danger of microplastic concentrations.
C．To appeal for environmental protection.
D．To stress the urgency of the study.
11．Which of the following would be the best title
A．Stay away from plastics B．Possible effects of food processing
C．You may be eating plastics D．A poisoned food system
押题02
（2024·山西·二模）In a groundbreaking achievement, a rhino has successfully undergone embryo (胚胎) transfer, marking the first successful use of a method that holds promise for saving the nearly extinct northern white rhino subspecies.
The experiment, conducted with the less endangered southern white rhino subspecies, involved creating an embryo in a lab using eggs and sperm (精子) collected from other rhinos. This embryo was then transferred into a southern white rhino alternative mother in Kenya. Despite the unfortunate death of the alternative mother due to an infection in November 2023, researchers praised the successful embryo transfer and pregnancy (怀孕)as a proof of concept. They are now ready to proceed to the next stage of the project: transferring northern white rhinoembryos.
Professor Thomas Hildebrandt expressed optimism about the findings, highlighting the significance of the successful embryo transfer in demonstrating that frozen and defrosted embryos produced in a lab can survive. This development offers hope for the revival of the northern white rhino population.
However, challenges facing rhino conservation remain significant. While the southern white rhino subspecies and the black rhino species have shown signs of recovery from population declines due to illegal hunting for their horns (牛角), the northern white rhino subspecies is on the edge of extinction. With only two known members left in the world, Najin and her daughter Fatu, both unable to reproduce naturally, and the recent death of the last male white rhino, Sudan, in 2018, urgent action is needed to prevent the extinction of this subspecies. Dr. Jo Shaw, CEO of Save the Rhino International, emphasized the importance of addressing the primary threats facing rhinos worldwide: illegal hunting for their horns and habitat loss due to development. She stressed the need to provide rhinos with the space and security they need to succeed in their natural environment.
While the successful embryo transfer representsa significant advancement in rhino conservation efforts, organized action is required to address the main challenges facing rhino populations worldwide.
21．What is the purpose of the experiment mentioned in the text
A．To evaluate the efficiency of a new rhino birth program.
B．To observe the behavior of rhinos in a controlled environment.
C．To assess the effects of climate change on the southem rhino habitats.
D．To develop a way of rescuing the endangered northern white rhinos subspecies.
22．Which word can replace the underlined word “revival” in paragraph 3
A．Rebirth. B．Decline. C．Stability. D．Decrease.
23．What is the current condition of the northern white rhino subspecies
A．Facing extinction. B．Showing signs of recovery.
C．Developing in their natural habitat. D．Recovering from population declines
24．What might be the best title of this text
A．Dr. Jo Shaw’s Call to Action: Addressing Threats to Rhino Survival
B．Challenges Facing Rhino Conservation Efforts: Urgent Action Needed
C．The Successful Embryo Transfer: A Breakthrough in Rhino Conservation
D．Professor Thomas Hildebrandt’s Optimism: Hope for Rhino Population Revival
押题03
（2024·河南·模拟预测）Two languages worldwide are lost every week. Cherokee is a highly endangered Native American language. Currently, there are fewer than 2,000 speakers of the language remaining in the world, and the number is declining every year. Keeping a language alive can strengthen people’s sense of identity and most importantly, lead to the preservation of a whole culture. The creation of an album of original songs performed in the Cherokee language is one of the most original methods.
Cherokee and non-Cherokee music artists decided to create a music album in the Cherokee language. This is part of a project to preserve this ancient, fading language. The album features a dozen Cherokee artists and includes a real variety of genres (类型) ranging from folk, country, and heavy metal to hip hop.
There are different ways to keep a language alive, and the album intends to bring a modern approach to the revitalization (复兴) of the Cherokee language. One promising strategy is to introduce it to young people, and what better route than to use the language of contemporary music to achieve such a meaningful goal.
“Wherever our kids are, our language needs to be there, too,” the executive director of the Cherokee Nation Language Department, Howard Paden, explained. “Our belief is very simple. The Cherokee language is so powerful that people can enjoy using it very easily and are unable to stop using it. If we can get the language around to people and make the language enter their hearts at a very young age, then they will always be connected with who we are as a people.”
Multilingualism (多语种主义) is very powerful since it provides a different way of understanding and perceiving the world. This can result in technological and scientific advancement for humankind. So preserving endangered languages like Cherokee is not only about helping specific communities affected but also about recognizing and celebrating diversity as one of humankind’s greatest strengths.
37．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To describe the features of the Cherokee language.
B．To stress the importance of learning different languages.
C．To explain why artists make the Cherokee music album.
D．To introduce the development of the Cherokee language.
38．What is the typical characteristic of the Cherokee music album
A．Diverse. B．Beautiful. C．Mysterious. D．Popular.
39．What does Howard Paden imply
A．The Cherokee language is very addictive.
B．Young people should love music in their hearts.
C．The Cherokee language is difficult for people to learn.
D．Young people should learn how to connect with others.
40．What is the best title for the text
A．Multilingualism is powerful for humankind
B．The Native American language faces a great crisis
C．Preserving endangered languages needs great efforts
D．An artistic approach to preserving a language is on track
押题04
With the help from an artificial language (AL) model, MIT neuroscientists have discovered what kind of sentences are most likely to fire up the brain’s key language processing centers. The new study reveals that sentences that are more complex, because of either unusual grammar or unexpected meaning, generate stronger responses in these language processing centers. Sentences that are very straightforward barely engage these regions, and meaningless orders of words don’t do much for them either.
In this study, the researchers focused on language-processing regions found in the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain. By collecting a set of 1,000 sentences from various sources, the researchers measured the brain activity of participants using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while they read the sentences. The same sentences were also fed into a large language model, similar to ChatGPT, to measure the model