全国通用版 小学英语小升初语法专项-名词课件(共114张PPT)

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名称 全国通用版 小学英语小升初语法专项-名词课件(共114张PPT)
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更新时间 2024-04-24 15:32:26

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(共114张PPT)
名词课件
小 学 语 法 课 件
名词概念
名词分类
名词专项练习
名词的数
名词所有格
名词概念
01
普通名词/专有名词
名词的概念
观察下面的单词:banana water cup bird man mother father life idea Beijing China Smith Monday
No. 2 Middle School the Great Wall
我们发现,以上单词都是表示人或事物名称的词,我们把它们称为名词,用符号n.来表示。
名词的概念
名词是人们认识世界所使用的最基本的词汇,是表示人物,动物,事物,地点的名称或者抽象概念的词汇。
总结:名词既可以表示具体的东西,也可以表示抽象的概念。
名词分类
02
表示人或事物名称
名词的分类
普通名词
专有名词
地点,节日,星期,月份,人名
可数名词
不可数名词
物质名词
抽象名词
个体名词
集体名词
水质
油质
粉末状
名词
分类
专有名词
专有名词是表示特定的某个(些)人,事物,节日,地点,机构等专有名称的词。
Mike Christmas August England
Tian'anmen Square Saturday
Mike Christmas August England
Tian'anmen Square Saturday
专有名词的首字母一般要大写。
专有名词
人名: Helen Jay Yang Ling
地名: Yangzhou Summer Palace New York
国家名: China Japan America
国籍: Japanese Indian American
专有名词
语言: English French German
天体名: Mars(火星) Venus(金星) Jupiter(木星)
月份: January March April
星期: Sunday Monday Friday
专有名词
节日: the Spring Festival Children's Day
书名: the Bible(圣经) Harry Potter(哈利波特)
山河,海洋: the Yellow River Mount Tai
称呼: Mr Brown Uncle John
同词异译
有些单词首字母大写时和小写时所表达的意思大不相同。
China 中国
china 瓷器
August 八月
august 威严的
Japan 日本
japan 漆器
Black 布莱克(姓)
black 黑色
Green格林(姓)
green 绿色
Smith史密斯(姓)
smith 铁匠
普通名词
可数名词
不可数名词
物质名词
抽象名词
个体名词
集体名词
水质
油质
粉末状
普通名词
普通名词
个体名词:某类人或事物中的个体
man 男子 window 窗户 computer 电脑 horse 马
集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体
people 人们 family 家庭 class 班级 police 警察
普通名词
物质名词:表示无法分为个体的物质,材料等
wood 木头 air 空气 rain 雨 coffee 咖啡
抽象名词:表示人或事物的动作,状态,品质,情感等抽象概念
work 工作 fun 乐趣 interest 兴趣 love 爱
名词的数
03
可数名词/不可数名词
考点2:可数名词的复数形式
可数名词复数的构成有规则变化和不规则变化两种形式。
规则变化
不规则变化
名词复数
+s
+es ...
单复数同行
只做复数的名词 ...
可数名词复数的
规则变化
book→books
dog→dogs
清辅音结尾的单词+s读[s]
card→cards
浊辅音或元音结尾的单词+s读[z]
1.一般在单词的结尾直接+s;
bus → buses
watch → watches
dish → dishes
fox → foxes
记忆口诀:


蛇(S)吃(ch)了OX会死(sh)
2.如果单词以 s,sh,x, ch等结尾+es;读[ z]
city→cities
story→stories
candy→candies
library→ libraries
toy→toys
boy→ boys
key→keys
3.若以辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es;读[ z]
若以元音字母+y结尾,则直接加s
wife→wives
记忆口诀:
妻子持刀去宰狼,小偷吓得发了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片树叶遮目光。
妻子:wife 刀:knife 狼:wolf,小偷:theif
架子:shelf 生命:life,树叶:leaf
knife→knives
4.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为ves;读[vz] ;
hero→heroes
potato→potatoes
tomato→tomatoes
记忆口诀:
黑人和英雄吃土豆和西红柿要加es;其余全部加s
黑人:Negro 英雄:hero
土豆:potato, 西红柿:tomato
5.以o结尾有生命的+es,读[iz] ;
zoo→zoos photo→photos
记忆口诀:
你在动物园(zoo)里,看见一根竹子(banboo),
上面挂着一张照片(photo),所照的是一架 钢琴(piano),
上面放着一台 收音机(radio).
以o结尾无生命的+s;读[z]
可数名词复数的
不规则变化
man
→ men
woman
→ women
foot
→ feet
child
→ children
mouse
→ mice
goose
→ geese
ox
→ oxen
1.特殊变化
有些名词特殊记,foot, tooth和goose, oo变ee;
多个孩子多个人,男人女人a变e;
小老鼠真淘气,掉进冰里丢身体。
(ox公牛—oxen)
特殊变化记忆口诀
Chinese 中国人
Japanese 日本人
sheep 绵羊
deer 鹿
fish 鱼的条数
2.单复数同行
神奇的fish
鱼的种类+es kinds of fishes,
鱼的条数:单复数同行 3 fish
餐桌上的鱼肉:不可数 eat some fish
2.单复数同行
鹿羊鱼,耍脾气,保持原身体。
一个中国人和一个日本人骑着羊和鹿去吃水煮鱼。
单复数同行记忆口诀
Chinese中国人)→Chinese
Japanese日本人)→Japanese
Englishman英国人)→ Englishmen
Frenchman(法国人)→ Frenchmen
German(德国人)→ Germans
American(美国人)→ Americans
记忆口诀:
中日不变英法变,其余s加后面。
3.国籍类单词变复数
① 主体名词变复数
两个名词用在一起构成合成名词变复数时,只把主体名词变复数。
banana tree →banana trees
apple tree→ apple trees
4.合成名词变复数
② 但是以woman,man 等名词与其后面的名词构成合成名词变复数时,里面所含的成分都要变。
woman teacher →women teachers
woman driver →women teachers
4.合成名词变复数
“两个名词”在一起,前不变,后变,
除了男人和女人,主体名词加s,
合成名词变复数口诀
this → these
that → those
5.指示代词的复数
police(警察)
people (人们)
cattle (牛)
形单意复,整单个复
形式是单数,
意思是复数,
谓语用复数。
形单
意复
6.集体名词的数
形单
意复
group (组,组员)
army (军队)
family (家庭)
enemy(敌人)
class
(班级,同学)
team
(组,组员)
public (公众)
audience
(观众)
6.集体名词的数
这些词既可以做集体名词也可以做个体名词。
做集体名词时用单数,做个体名词时可以有复数形式。
6.集体名词的数
7.只能做复数的名词
clothes (衣服)
twins(双胞胎)
thanks(感谢)
arms(武器)
tears(眼泪)
congratulations (祝贺)
特定
双的
shorts(短裤)
pants (裤子)
glasses (眼镜)
jeans(牛仔裤)
socks (袜子)
shoes(鞋子)
trousers (裤子)
scissors (剪刀)
7.只能做复数的名词
gloves (手套)
8.意不同,形不同的单词
条数:单复数同行 fish
种类:+es fishes
鱼肉:不可数 fish
fish
8.意不同,形不同的单词
人:本身就当做复数
民族:多个民族可以加s: peoples
people
8.意不同,形不同的单词
工作:不可数
作品:可数 works
工厂:单复数同行 works
work
Game Time:
快速说出向日葵上名词的复数形式
baby
foot
man
tomato
zoo
lady
hero
boy
Chinese
babies
feet
men
tomatoes
zoos
ladies
heroes
boys
Chinese
Game Time:
拍羽毛说出名词复数
tomato
tomatoes
Chinese
Chinese
Japanese
Japanese
day
days
boy
boys
strawberry
strawberries
city
cities
hero
heroes
zoo
zoos
story
stories
toy
toys
wife
wives
leaf
leaves
一些奇怪的名词
一些名词既是可数名词也是不可数名词
不可数 可数
fish 鱼肉 fish 1. 鱼的数量(单复数同形) 2. 鱼的种类 fishes
paper 纸 a paper 一张报纸/文件/试卷
iron 铁 an iron 一个熨斗
experience 经验 an experience 一次经历
youth 青春 a youth 一个青年人
beauty 美 a beauty 一个美人
word 消息 a word 一个单词
room 空间 a room 一个房间
glass 玻璃 a glass 一个玻璃杯
集体名词
1. family, team, class等
若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。
The family consists of five people.
The family like reading books.
(整体)
(家庭成员)
集体名词
2. people(人), cattle(牛,牲畜), police(警察),
goods(货物),clothes(衣服)等
它们都是复数意义,作主语时谓语动词用复数
The police are looking for the thief.
The goods are from China.
Task 1:根据单词的适当形式填空。
1. There are a lot of ____________ (pear) trees there.
2. The three _______ (woman) teachers are from Yangzhou.
3. The __________ (shoe) shops are near the town.
4. My mother is cooking some___________ (tomato) soup.
5. The ________ (sport) meeting is very exciting.
pears
women
shoes
tomatoes
sports
Task 1:根据单词的适当形式填空。
6.I have two__________(knife)
7.There are many__________here. (box)
8.There are many__________on the road. (bus)
9.A few__________are drawing on the wall. (boy)
10.The__________are playing football now. (child)
knives
boxes
buses
boys
children
Task 1:根据单词的适当形式填空。
11.Please take two__________for me. (photo)
12.I like the red__________.(tomato)
13.Would you please clean your__________now (tooth)
14.Do you want some__________ (milk)
15.There are ten_____________in our school. (woman teacher)
photoes
tomatoes
teeth
milk
women teachers
Task 2:写出下列单词的复数形式。
1. day__________
2. photo_________
3. people__________
4. cattle___________
5. walkman___________
days
photos
people
cattle
walkmans
6. watch______________
7. party___________
8. sheep___________
9. horse____________
10.snowman___________
watches
parties
sheep
horses
snowmen
Task 2:写出下列单词的复数形式。
11.mouse__________
12.tooth__________
13.thief___________
14. boy___________
15.Chinese__________
mice
teeth
thieves
boys
Chinese
16.tomato____________
17. apple tree_____________
18. woman nurse____________
tomatoes
apple trees
women nurses
Task 3: 单项选择。
( )1. The________in our yard are very beautiful.
   A. cloth   B. water    C. flowers
( )2. Tom is one of the Chinese_______in our school.
   A. boy     B. boys    C. boies
( )3. A cat has four________, doesn't it
   A. foots    B. feet     C. feets
C
B
B
Task 3: 单项选择。
( )4. There are three_____and five_____in the room.
A. American, Japanese B. Americans, Japanese
C. American, Japanese
( )5. Can you see nine_____ in the picture
   A. fish     B. book    C. horse
( )6. The_____has two_____ .
   A. boy; watch B. boy; watches C. boys; watch
B
B
B
Task 3: 单项选择。
( )7. The_____are flying back to their country.
   A. Germany    B. Germanys  C. Germans
( )8. The girl brushes her_____every day before she goes to
bed.
  A. tooths     B. teeth      C. teeths
( )9.I saw many_____in the street.
A. peoples B.people C.people’s
C
B
B
Task 3: 单项选择。
( )10.The green sweater is his _____.
A.brother B.brothers C.brother’s
( )11. They come from different_____.
A. country B. countries C. a country D. countrys
( )12. How many_____do you see in the picture
A. tomatos B. tomatoes C. tomato D. the tomato
B
B
B
Task 3: 单项选择。
( )13. They are_____.
A . woman teachers B. women teachers
C. women teacher D. woman teacher
( )14. Would you like_____,please
A. two glass of water B. two glasses of water
C. two glass of waters D. two glasses of waters
B
B
Task 3: 单项选择。
( )15. Most of_____live in_____.
A. Germans, German B. German, Germen
C. Germen, Germany D. Germans, Germany
( )16. There are some_____in these_____.
A. knifes pencil-boxes B. knives pencils-box
C. knives pencil-box D. knives pencils-boxes
D
D
Task 3: 单项选择。
( )17. _____ like_____by air.
A. Greens, travelling B. The Green, traveling
C. The Greens, travel D. The Greens, traveling
( )18. I wonder why_____are interested in action films(武打片).
A. the people B. people C. peoples D. the peoples
D
D
Task 3: 单项选择。
( )19. There is no_____in the plate.
A. apples B. oranges C. rice D. eggs
( )20.My uncle has three_____ .
A.child B.childs C.children D.childrens
C
C
Task 4: 将以下句子变为复数句子。
1.This is a knife. ______________________________
2.That is a tomato. ______________________________
3.That child is very good. _________________________
4.The man is eating. ______________________________
5.Look at this Japanese. ___________________________
These are knives.
These are tomatoes.
These children are very good.
The man are eating.
Look at these Japanese.
Task 4: 将以下句子变为复数句子。
1.These are mice. __________________
2.Those are children. _________________
3. There are some knives in these boxes.
_________________________________
This is a mouse.
This is a child.
This is a knife in this box.
不可数名词
不可数名词
不可数名词:
不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念,状态,品质,感情或者表示物质材料的东西。无复数形式!
物质名词:
milk, coffee, tea, water, beer, juice, soup,cola
meat, pork, rice, bread, sugar, butter, chocolate
snow, rain, wind, ice, air,paper, cloth...
不可数名词
抽象名词:
物质名词:
news, physics, homework, music, history...
love, interest, emotion, fun, time, success...
不可数名词
物质
抽象
水质
油质
粉末状
water, milk, juice
oil, butter, soap
chalk, bread
work, progress, news; health, information, advice; music, fun; weather, luck
不可数名词
Find out the uncountable nouns and circle them.
不可数名词的量
a cup of water
a bottle of water
a glass of water
I am thirsty and I want to drink some water.
How much water can I drink?
不可数名词的量
a bottle of milk
a glass of water
a box of chocolate
a piece of bread
不可数名词的量
a bar of chocolate
a loaf of bread
a bag of rice
a tin of coffee
不可数名词的量
表示不可数名词数的方法:
There is some chocolate in the box.
Is there any juice in the fridge
There is not much water in the bottle.
①用a lot of, some, any, much, a little,little等表示量的多少
不可数名词的量
Helen only drinks a little water every day.
There is a lot of milk in the glass.
Helen only drinks little water every day. (几乎不喝)
不可数名词的量
a bar of chocolate 一块巧克力
a bag of bread 一袋面包
a piece of paper 一张纸
a bottle of milk 一瓶牛奶
a cup of tea 一杯牛奶
②用“数词(或a,an)+量词+of+不可数名词”结构表示量的多少
不可数名词的量
注意:在这种表示名词量的形式中,单复数形式体现在量词上
two glasses of juice(复数)
a glass of juice (单数)
two bars of chocolate (复数)
a bar of chocolate (单数)
two bags of bread(复数)
a bag of bread (单数)
two bottles of milk(复数)
a bottle of milk (单数)
常见的量词
a glass of 一玻璃杯……
a cup of 一茶杯……
a bottle of 一瓶
a piece of 一片、和条等
a loaf of 一块……
a pound of 一磅……
a pair of 一双,副,条……
a bag of 一袋
温馨提示:单个不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。当加了量词,谓语动词要根据量词而定。

名词的修饰语
①修饰可数名词复数的词:many, a few, few, a number of, the number of,a lot of,some
②修饰不可数名词的词:much,a little,little,a lot of,some
名词的修饰语
③既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词为:a lot of, some
few,a few,little,a little的区别 肯定 否定
修饰可数名词复数 a few few
修饰不可数名词 a little little
常见的不可数名词
air 空气
coffee 咖啡
hair 头发
ice 冰
music 音乐
salt 盐
weather 天气
fruit 水果
money 钱
homework 作业
beef 牛肉
cotton 棉花
health 健康
meat 肉
news 新闻
paper 纸
sand 沙子
wind 风
mutton 羊肉
rice 米饭
bread 面包
food 食物
milk 牛奶
noise 噪音
pork 猪肉 tea 茶
wood 木头
water 水 chalk 粉笔 work 工作
不可数名词用法口诀
不可数名词用法很特殊,五点用法要记住:
一是无复数;二是作主语,谓语用单数;
三是其前不用a和an, 可用the来表特指;
四是不用数词来修饰,可用some,any,much和a lot of
五是如果表示它的数,数词量词加“of”。
典型例题:单项选择
1. Give me ___________________ bread.
A. a piece of B. piece of C. two
2. I want some ______and two_______ of coffee.
A. sandwich;cup B. cake; cup C. bread;cups
3. I don't have any _____, but I have some_____.
A. banana;juice B. juice;bananas C. juices;banana
4. Would you like some________
A. apple B. breads C. milk
A
C
B
C
名词所有格
04
所属关系/...的
名词所有格的用法:
所有格:表示物或人的“所属”关系 “...的”
名词所有格用于有生命的名词:
1.一般情况直接加’s;
Tom’s bag  汤姆的包
2.人名如果是s结尾的,直接加’;
Jones’ bag 琼的包
3.单词是s结尾的,加’s;  
boss’s bag 老板的包
名词所有格的用法:
4.表共有,在最后一个名词+’s.
Tom and Jim's room
汤姆和吉姆共有的房间
5.指各有,则各词都应+’s.
Tom's and Jim's rooms
汤姆和吉姆各自的房间
Tom and Jim’s room _____ (is/are) big.
is
解题技巧:
做题技巧:关键看’后的名词:
如果是“单数”说明两人共有,只在后者+’s。
如果是“复数”,说明各是各的,两个词都要+’s。
名词所有格的用法:
6.表示某人的“家, 店铺”等所有格用’s后的名词常省略。



店:the +职业+’s
at the baker’s=at the baker’s shop 在理发店

氏:the +姓氏s the Greens=The Green’s family

宅:the +姓氏+’s the Smith’s=The Smith’s home
宅氏店所有格
口诀:
想用职业来表地点, 人的前面+the , 后面+’s。
注意: 如果是人名, 则不用前加the, 只在其后加’s。
例如: at Mary’s.
名词所有格的用法:
7.特殊用法:表时间,距离可以用’s
a 3 - day holiday
a 3 days’ holiday
杠相连,名用单
一个3天的假期
a holiday of 3 days
名词所有格的用法:
8.of所有格:用于无生命的名词
a photo of my family 我家里的照片
a map of China 中国的地图
the window of a room 房间的窗户
the number of the student 同学们的数量
但注意词序与汉语习惯不同,
形式为:名词+of +名词(前者属于后者)
名词所有格的用法:
补充:名词所有格除用于有生命的名词外,也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词。
today’s newspaper 今天的报纸
an hour's walk 一小时的步行
名词所有格的用法:
9.特殊:用“to”表示所有格:
the key to the door 门上的钥匙
The answer to the question 问题的答案
The bridge to the knowledge 知识的桥梁
The way to the school 去学校的路
The exit to the building 大楼的出口
The entrance to the garden 花园的入口

口诀:
钥匙,答案,桥和路,
出口入口都用to
名词所有格的用法:
10.双重所有格
所有者+’s a friend of my father’s
名词性物主代词(mine,hes,yours...)
a friend of mine
所有物+of+
名词所有格的用法:
名词所有格口诀:
英语名词所有格,表示某物是谁的。
所有格构成有方法,单数名词后’s加。
复数名词有-s,其后只加’就行了。
名词若是无生命,所有格用of记心间。
时间,距离等,也变所有格。
典型例题-用单词的适当形式填空
1. There is ________________(Amy and Helen) classroom.
2. My ___________(mother) birthday is in May.
3. Lucy's __________(parent) room is on the second floor.
4. It is about ten_______(hour) walk.
5. Is the big orange ____________(Yang Ling)
Amy and Helen's
mother's
parents'
hours'
Yang Ling's
典型例题-汉译英
1. 麦克的汽车_____________
2. 男孩们的风筝____________________
3. 我朋友的足球__________________
4. 儿童节_______________
5. 老师们的书_________________
Mike's car
the boys' kites
my friend's football
Children's Day
the teachers' books
典型例题-汉译英
6. 房间的门__________________
7. 我学校的照片____________________
8. 双胞胎的父母_______________
9. 我父亲的那个朋友_______________________
that friend of my father's
the door of the room
the photo of my school
the twins' parents
典型例题-用单词的适当形式填空
1.I know that book is ____( I ). I can see ______( I ) name in it.
2.That is not _______( I ) knife. That knife is very small but _________( I ) is very big.
3.The dress is ________( she ).Give it to _________( she ).
4.---Is this _________( you ) ruler
--- No,it’s not _________( I ).
mine
my
my
mine
hers
her
your
mine
典型例题-用单词的适当形式填空
5._______(he ) is my brother. ____(he )name is Jack.
Look.Those maps are _____( he ).
6._____( we) dresses are red.What color are _______(you )
7.We can see five erasers here. Which one is ______( she )
8.I can find my toy,but where’s ______( you)
He
His
his
Our
yours
hers
yours
典型例题-用单词的适当形式填空
9.March 8th is _________Day. (woman).
10.Taking twenty_________(分钟) exercise every day is good for your health.
11.The shop sells ________(妇女) handbags.
12.Teachers in western countries have a __________(三个月的) holiday in a year.
women’s
minutes’
women’s
3 months’
典型例题-用单词的适当形式填空
13.I’ll give my English teacher a card for ________(teacher)Day.
14.It’s only ten __________(minute)walk from the station to the hotel.
15.It’s an ______(hour) ride from here to the museum.
teachers’
minutes’
hour’s
See You !
小 学 语 法 课 件