2024年中考英语二轮复习-阅读理解题记叙文
一.阅读理解
(2023年广州真题)请阅读短文,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class’ Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous.
So far Amy hadn’t given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot.
Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues (线索) and had been to the post office. Now they were in front of the cinema.
Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder’s last resting place.
I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited.
“To the cemetery (墓地)” Cindy said.
“No, wait!” Amy said. “I’ve read about it. The founder was buried near the library.”
“Wow. I’ve walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!”
“Good job! That will save valuable time, ” Cindy smiled at Amy.
“We still need to hurry,” Tyler reminded, pointing to the Yellow Team coming near.
“I know a shortcut!” Henry suggested. “Follow me!” No one moved.
“No, seriously,” Henry said. “You know I’m always running late. I know every shortcut in town.” The others finally agreed.
A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue aloud: Now go to the place where the football is running around!
“The football stadium!” They called out together and started to run…
Now they’d got the final clue: Look where you’ve been, see where you are. Use your map wisely and you’ll be a star!
Looking closely at the map, everyone thought hard.
“Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly broke the silence. She quickly took out a pencil.
As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood.
They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer and finally crossed the finish line-just one step behind the Red Team!
“So…close…” Tyler made a face, and they all laughed together.
“Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five.
“That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hope we’ll be on the same team soon.”
“Me, too,” Amy agreed, smiling.
( )1. What does the beginning of the story tell us about Amy
A. She didn’t want to play the game. B. She was a new student in her class.
C. She was a member of the Red Team. D. She didn’t understand the game rules.
( )2. Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last
A. He ran fastest in the team. B. They didn’t know the way.
C. They trusted his rich experience. D. He was best at playing the game.
( )3. Where was the finish line of the game
A. In the park. B. Next to the post office.
C. In front of the cinema. D. Outside the library.
( )4. Why did Amy smile at the end of the story
A. Her team came in first. B. She was accepted as a friend.
C. She no longer felt nervous. D. There would be a game soon.
解析:
1.B 推理判断题。由第一段最后一句This was her first chance to make new friends , and she was nervous 和第二段第一句she was totally new to this town.可推知,Amy是班里的新学生。
2.C 推理判断题。由第十二段可推知, “You know I'm always running late I know every shortcut in town.” The others finally agreed.团队最后让亨利带路是相信他丰富的经验。
3.A 细节理解题。由第三段Since the Blue Team left the park , they had worked out the first two clues(线索) and had been to the post office . Now they were in front of the cinema .和第十九段They were closer and closer, and finally crossed the finish line 可知,比赛的终点线在公园。
4.B 推理判断题。由倒数第二、三段可推知,just one step behind the Red Team;Tyler made a face, and they all laughed together ;“Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five;“I hope we'll be on the same team soon ”,Amy在故事的结尾笑了是因为她被当作朋友接受了。
二.阅读理解
(2022年广州真题)请阅读短文,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
Slowly but surely, Amy and her grandparents were making progress. Boxes of all sizes were placed on top of each other throughout the house. Amy's grandparents had lived in the house for years and they had collected many things.
The dining room was full of memories. Amy's grandfather kept many fine dinner plates(盘子) from his hometown. Amy remembered that they ate from the red, yellow, and blue plates during important holidays.
After carefully wrapping up(包裹) the plates and putting them into a box, Amy lifted it up and moved it out of the way. But the box was too heavy. It suddenly fell from her arms and dropped to the floor. All three of them heard the plates shatter.
“I'm sorry!” Amy apologised.
“It's okay,” her grandfather said quietly. “It was an accident.”
They opened the box and, sure enough, many of the plates were broken. Only a few remained whole. Looking at the small pieces, Amy felt really terrible. She knew these plates were passed down from her great grandparents and …
“Don't worry,” her grandmother said, patting her on the back. Carefully, they put the broken pieces into a rubbish bag.
They continued packing for a little while, but Amy still felt very sorry. She was trying very hard to think of a way to make it up for her grandparents.
Soon, Amy's father came.
“I have to go,” she said. “Dad is here to pick me up.”
She kissed her grandparents both, picked up the bag of the broken pieces and left.
“What's that ” her father asked, as Amy climbed into the car.
Amy looked at the bag in her hands as an idea came to her. “This,” she said, “is an art project.”
The following day, Amy went to an art store and bought everything she needed. Then she started to work. She used a thin board as the base. Then she took out the colourful plate pieces and glued them in a creative way on the board. When it was dry, Amy wrapped it up.
A few days later, Amy's family had a big dinner at her grandparents' new house. She handed her gift to her grandparents.
“This is fantastic, Amy!”said her grandfather.
“I can't wait to hang it up in our new home,”Amy's grandmother said as she gave her a big hug.
( )1. What was Amy helping her grandparents do at the beginning of the story
A. Move to a new house.
B. Wrap up some presents.
C. Collect fine dinner plates.
D. Prepare a big family dinner.
( )2. Why did Amy feel sorry for the broken plates
A. They were never used by the family.
B. They were valuable holiday presents.
C. They were meaningful family treasures.
D. They were expensive hometown products.
( )3. How did Amy finally deal with the broken plate pieces
A. She sent them to an art store.
B. She put them in her father's car.
C. She made a special gift with them.
D. She threw them into a rubbish bag.
( )4. Which of the following best describes Amy
A. Kind and creative.
B. Brave but forgetful.
C. Careless but helpful.
D. Funny and hardworking.
解析:【短文大意】 Amy帮她的祖父母搬新家过程中摔碎了盘子,后来通过自己的创造力制作成一份礼物送给祖父母,体现家庭的温暖以及Amy的善良和创造力。
1.A 推理判断题。根据第一段所有大小的盒子都被放在整个房子里。艾米的祖父母已经在这所房子里住了很多年了,他们收集了很多东西,打包东西准备搬家。故A项符合题意。
2.C细节理解题。根据题干定位到第三段,Amy lifted it up and moved it out of the way. But the box was too heavy. It suddenly fell from her arms and dropped to the floor. 和第六段She knew these plates were passed down from her great grandparents,故选C。
3.C细节理解题。根据题干定位到倒数第三四段,Then she took out the colourful plate pieces and glued them in a creative way on the board. When it was dry, Amy wrapped it up.故C项符合题意。
4.A推理判断题。根据文章故事发展的脉络,Amy帮祖父母帮新家的时候摔碎了有重要意义的盘子,后来通过自己的创造力制作成一份礼物送给祖父母。故A项符合题意。
回顾知识体系
一.阅读理解的正确选项特征:
1.原文复现(选项与原文同形式复现)
2.同义转换(通过短语、词性或同义词转换)
3.理解推断(通过逻辑关系及细节分析,进行推理和判断,从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义)
阅读理解的干扰选项特征:
方法 定义 方法 定义
无中生有 文中无信息支撑,但符合语境要求 偷梁换柱 利用文中同结构短语或句型以假乱真
黑白颠倒 与文中所述事实相反 张冠李戴 利用文中词语迷惑做题
断章取义 仅为文中细节,对某一细节进行阐述(主旨大意) 以偏概全 用文章某个部分内容表达整篇文章或段落的中心思想(主旨大意、段落大意)
二.记叙文新题型考查方式:
1.推断人物情绪变化。
主要考查学生从人物语言、行为或动作中推断人物常见情感及其变化的能力。
例:How did the writer's feelings change in the story
A. happy→surprised→sad →afraid
B. proud→sad→brave→ happy
C. excited→sad→afraid →brave
D. happy→nervous→worried →brave
解题技巧:Step 1:看清楚题干所问情绪变化的对象,再定位关键词句进行分析; Step 2:利用文中的关键词所在句推断题干目标的情感;
Step 3:要特别注意所描写的人物言谈举止中流露出的情绪、情感变化等。
2.推断文章结构。
考查学生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展、所说明事物的结构或论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推理、分析和总结的能力。
例:What is the correct structure of the passage
解题技巧:
Step 1:通读全文分析段落的意义与结构,分析句与句之间的关系,句子与段落的关系;
Step 2:根据句子或段落之间的关系判断文章的结构方式为总分式、并列式或者分述式;
Step 3:分析选项,利用选项代入法或排除法确定答案。
3.推断文章后续发展。
考查学生分析推断及预测故事发展的能力。
例:What's the probable ending of the story
A. Irene let the coach down.
B. Beth returned to the team.
C. Titans succeeded in the match.
D. Kylee entered another new school.
解题技巧:
Step 1: 抓住文章最后一段的关键词句,重点看结尾处作者的态度;
Step 2: 利用表示因果、转折、递进、并列等关系的连词,联系各选项信息,综合推断结论;
Step 3: 排除文中已出现、无需再度推测的事实,以及与文意明显不符的选项。
4.推断文章写作顺序。
考查学生运用所学知识梳理语篇脉络及发展变化,提取关键信息的能力。
例:The passage is written in the order of ________.
A. persons B. places
C. time D. opinions
解题技巧:
Step 1:提前预判各选项写作顺序特征;
Step 2:根据文中细节信息/关键词进行推断;
Step 3:对比选项与原文具体信息点,确定答案。
5.图片理解。
图片理解题是对细节理解题进行了微创新,将常规的选项中的文字内容改为图片,让学生结合文字所表达的内容识别图像。
例:What does Little Q look like
解题技巧:
Step 1:找关键词。快速阅读题干,找出题干中的关键词;
Step 2:找信息源。快速浏览文章并确定该细节在文中的出处;
Step 3:对比细节。仔细对照题干要求,并将四幅图片所呈现的内容与文章中的细节内容作对比,选出最符合文章细节内容的图片。
1.细节理解题
三.记叙文常考题型 2.推理判断题
一.细节理解题
1.命题形式。
细节理解题主要考查学生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。
2.常见设问方式
1)5W+1H细节题
What will players carry in the game
What problem does sb. need to solve
What can we know about....
How may....
Which is the best way to...
Why is .....
When can ...
2)EXCEPT题。
According to the passage, the followings are… EXCEPT ________.
3)数字计算题。
How many… does the writer mention in Paragraph…?
3.题目特点
1)凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。
2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂,正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂,甚至真假混杂。
4.解题步骤
1)快速阅读材料首尾段及段首句,抓住大意
2)迅速浏览考题,画出关键词
3)根据关键词,运用查读法,回归文章查找关键信息
4)分析这些信息的结构和意义,理清逻辑关系
5)对比选项确定正确答案。
5.常见解题方法
1)排除干扰项
常见混淆选项:张冠李戴;断章取义;偷梁换柱;无中生有
常见混淆选项:原文复现;同义替换
二.推理判断题
1.命题形式。
根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,推断出未知的信息。此类题目不能直接从文中找到答案,学生须根据文章的细节或文章所表达的观点进行推断。
2.常见设问方式
1)含有suggest, mean, learn, know, purpose等动词
What is the purpose of the passage
2)含有表示推测的情态动词can, could, might, would等
From the last paragraph, we can....
3)表示推断的副词probably, most likely等
Where is this passage most probably from
This passage is mainly written for....
3.题目特点
1)将文章中一些从字面含义上就能了解到的信息作为干扰项;
2) 将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。
4.解题步骤
1)快速阅读材料首尾段及段首句,抓住大意
2)迅速浏览考题,画出关键词,注意是非题,清楚的知道题目要求
3)根据关键词,运用查读法,回归文章查找关键信息,验证一个,排除一个
4)最贴合文章的选项,判断出正确答案
5.常见解题方法
1)根据文章的用词和格式,以及文章内容的主题意义来确定文章的出处。
2)从文章的主题句入手,了解文章大意,梳理文章脉络,对作者写这篇文章的目的进行推断。
3)根据题干要求定位对应段落,找出该段主题句,根据说明方法的关键信息(如:数字、具体例子等),提取信息,总结行文方式。
4)根据题干的关键词定位对应段落的相关内容,对相关细节进行符合逻辑的推理,得出正确答案。
(一)
Li Qingzhao is one of the best-known women writers in Chinese history. She showed great love for writing and was known as a talented special woman then. But her life was bittersweet. Many things happened to her, but she still lived cheerfully.
Li Qingzhao was born on March 13th, 1084. She was born into a famous literary(文学) family. His father, Li Gefei, was a book lover and he collected a large number of books. This had a great influence on Li Qingzhao. Li Qingzhao was someone who always wanted to destroy old customs and traditions from the start. Women in the Song Dynasty stayed indoors. They didn't discuss politics, and only spoke when someone spoke to them. But just at the age of 17, Li Qingzhao made a name for herself. She became famous for a poem.
Li Qingzhao was lucky in her marriage(婚姻). In 1101, she married Zhao Mingcheng, with whom she shared the same interest in the art collection. They lived in Shandong Province. They were not wealthy, but they lived happily together. Li and her husband collected many books. They shared a love of poetry and often wrote poems for each other. After getting married, they sold clothes and went hungry to slowly build up a big library, and they always spent their nights on a literary drinking game. In the game, an event would be chosen from a pile of books, and the person would win if he first named the book, chapter, page and line where it was found.
This happy life was destroyed by the wars of 1127. The Northern Song capital fell this year because of the wars between the Jin Dynasty and Northern Song. Later, fighting took place in Shandong and their house was burned. Li Qingzhao and her husband ran away to Nanjing, where they lived for a year. Zhao Mingcheng died in 1129, leaving her childless and alone.
Li Qingzhao left the world in 1155. Her life was full of sadness, but she left many valuable poems to us.
( )1. What does the underlined sentence “But her life was bittersweet” mean
A. She didn't enjoy her life.
B. She had a hard but happy life.
C. She hated to write love stories.
D. She was interested in sweet stories.
( )2. Why did the writer include Paragraph 2
A. To tell us how to write poems correctly.
B. To introduce Li Qingzhao's family to us.
C. To teach us some old customs and traditions.
D. To show us Li Qingzhao was different from other women.
( )3. Which of the following was Li Qingzhao's hobby
A. Building libraries.
B. Planting flowers.
C. Collecting artworks.
D. Playing a drinking game.
( )4. In what order did the following happen in Li Qingzhao's life
a. Li married Zhao Mingcheng.
b. Li was born into a literary family.
c. Li lived alone after Zhao Mingcheng's death.
d. The Northern Song capital fell because of wars.
e. Li and her husband tried their best to set up a big library.
f. Li left her hometown with her husband because of the fighting.
A. b→a→f→d→e→c B.a→c→e→d→f→b
C.b→a→e→d→f→c D.a→c→f→d→e→b
解析:【短文大意】介绍中国历史上最著名的女作家之一的李清照的人物传记。
1.B 推理判断题。根据下文Many things happened to her, but she still lived cheerfully.推断出即使发生了一些不好的事情,她依旧乐观面对。因此B选项符合。
2.D 段落大意题。定位到第二段,Li Qingzhao was someone who always wanted to destroy old customs and traditions from the start. D选项符合.A选项偷梁换柱,B选项断章取义,C选项张冠李戴,故选D。
3.C细节理解题。定位到第三段,根据Li and her husband collected many books. They shared a love of poetry and often wrote poems for each other. 以及they always spent their nights on a literary drinking game. 可知,C项符合题意。AD选项张冠李戴,B选项无中生有。
4.C推理判断题。分析各个小标题a. 李嫁给了赵明成。 b.李出生在一个文学家庭。 c.赵明成死后,李独自生活。 d.北宋的首都因战争而沦陷。 e.李和她的丈夫尽力建立了一个大图书馆。 f.由于战斗,李和丈夫离开了家乡。对比选项,回归文章找故事脉络,b.Li was born into a literary family.是最先出现的,因此排除BD.
.定位到第三段,可知e选项在d选项之前,故C项符合题意。
(二)
Michael Morgan is an African-American who was born in 1958 and grew up in California. Michael was six years old when his father moved a neighbour's unwanted piano into their living room. “And that's really how the whole thing started,” Michael said. “My mother and grandmother had played the piano a little bit, but my father just thought it was a good thing to have a piano in the house.” From then on, Michael started having piano lessons.
However, Michael didn't know what he wanted to do until he saw a conductor(指挥) leading an orchestra on TV. In 1966, he began reading The Joy of Music by conductor and composer Leonard Bemstein and got to know how to conduct a concert.
When Michael entered the junior high school, he joined an orchestra and learned to play many instruments. In 1970, his teacher asked him to compose and conduct a concert piece. He was just twelve years old. And that was only the beginning. Throughout high school, he continued to develop his artistic talent, and after graduating, he entered Oberlin Conservatory of Music to improve himself.
Michael paid attention to offering kids a chance to explore classical music. While he was studying in Oberlin Conservatory of Music, he started to volunteer in local schools, conducting student orchestras and talking with kids about music. Later, Michael set up Music for Excellence(MUSE), a music education programme for kids. The MUSE provided young people in Oakland public schools with one-to-one instrumental lessons, group music classes and symphony concerts. Many young people could have a chance to learn music.
Michael brought musicians from Oakland Symphony into classrooms to teach kids. He also worked with teachers in after-school programmes to teach students who couldn't afford lessons. Michael said his work was mostly about providing young people with an entrance into music. “Music is a way for kids to express their feelings, and it gives them an interest they can carry with them through life,” he added.
( )1. Why did Michael's father move a piano into their house
A. It was a gift from their neighbour.
B. Michael's mother asked him to buy one.
C. He just wanted to have a piano at home.
D. He wanted to give Michael piano lessons.
( )2. What can we learn from the MUSE programme
A. It helped more people go to public schools.
B. It helped change many young people's lives.
C. It developed a new kind of classical music.
D. It helped Oakland Symphony make more money.
( )3. Which shows the correct order of Michael's life
a. He began to take piano lessons.
b. He joined an orchestra at junior high school.
c. He developed a music education programme.
d. He studied at Oberlin Conservatory of Music.
e. He began to learn how to conduct at the age of 8.
f. He was asked to conduct a concert piece by his teacher.
A. a→e→b→f→d→c B. d→c→b→e→a→f
C. a→e→f→b→d→c D. d→c→f→e→b→a
( )4. In what order was the passage written
A. Things.
B. Opinions.
C. Places.
D. Time.
解析:
短文大意:迈克尔·摩根是一名非洲裔美国人,从一开始学习弹钢琴到后面坚定走上艺术道路的故事。
1.C 细节理解题。根据题干定位到第一段but my father just thought it was a good thing to have a piano in the house. 故C项符合题意。选项AB偷梁换柱,选项D张冠李戴.
2.B推理判断题。根据题干定位第四段 Later, Michael set up Music for Excellence(MUSE), a music education programme for kids. The MUSE provided young people in Oakland public schools with one-to-one instrumental lessons, group music classes and symphony concerts. Many young people could have a chance to learn music.
B项符合题意。
3.A推理判断题。分析各个小标题a.他开始学习钢琴课。 b.他在初中时加入了一个管弦乐队。 c.他开发了一个音乐教育项目。 d.他曾就读于欧柏林音乐学院。 e.他从8岁时开始学习如何进行行为。 f.他的老师要求他指挥一场音乐会。对比选项,回归文章找故事脉络,a是最先出现的,因此排除BD.
b在f之前,故A项符合题意。
4.D 推理判断题。根据文章以Michael 的成长经历为线索。故D项符合题意。
(三)
In the time of the Yellow Emperor, there were no written words. People recorded things by tying knots(打结) in ropes and carving(雕刻) shapes on stone walls.
One day, the Yellow Emperor discussed an event with a wise man named Cang Jie. Cang took out a piece of knotted rope, but he found it was destroyed. It was impossible for him to remember the event clearly. Then he turned to a stone wall, but he could hardly read the shapes on it. They were carved by another person.
“The ropes will be destroyed because of unknown reasons. And the shapes can only be read by a few people,” the Yellow Emperor said to Cang. “Can you come up with something better ”
Cang thought over the matter day and night. On the morning after a heavy snowfall, the earth was completely white. He saw the footprints of some different animals by accident. These footprints helped him to comprehend what animals passed by just now. Cang suddenly had an idea. He picked a stick and drew on the snow-covered ground. At first he drew a tiger and a bear to show that they passed by. But soon, he found it took him too much time to do that. He realized that he had to make the drawings easier.
All the shapes on the stone walls came into his mind. Cang kept making all kinds of shapes on the ground. He focused on drawing. To show the Sun, for example, he used a circle with a dot in the middle. A half-circle and a vertical line(直线) made up the Moon. And three lines that were not straight were used to show water. These simple marks shone brightly in the snow.
In the end, Cang created a whole set of symbols to record things. People could easily understand these symbols. Since then, they have been able to record their own history in this way.
( )1. Why couldn't Cang Jie remember the event clearly
A. He couldn't carve shapes on the stone walls.
B. He didn't record things by tying knots in ropes.
C. The emperor asked him to do something better.
D. He couldn't read the destroyed rope or the shapes about it.
( )2. What does the underlined word “comprehend” mean in Paragraph 4
A. Accept.
B. Recognize.
C. Praise.
D. Control.
( )3. How does the writer develop Paragraph 5
A. By telling stories.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By comparing facts.
D. By giving examples.
( )4. Which picture best describes the symbol of the Moon
解析:本文主要讲述文字记录的发展过程。
1.D细节理解题。根据题干定位到第二段Cang took out a piece of knotted rope, but he found it was destroyed. It was impossible for him to remember the event clearly. Then he turned to a stone wall, but he could hardly read the shapes on it. 故D选项符合题意。
2.B词句猜测题。根据These footprints helped him to... what animals passed by just now. 这些脚印帮助他……刚才经过的动物。选项B认识,确认。选项A接受, 选项C表扬,D选项控制,故B选项符合题意。
3.D推理判断题。定位到第五段,for example表示举例子,故选D。
4.B 图文推理题。根据In the end, Cang created a whole set of symbols to record things. People could easily understand these symbols. 可知B选项象形月亮,严重的近视问题有可能导致失去视力。故选B。
(四)
Shawn and Thomas had always been good friends. They lived near each other, and they had the same hobbies. They played baseball, touch football and kickball. They also liked to play soccer, shoot baskets and skate on a skateboard.
When they were in the fourth grade, Thomas broke his leg in a soccer game. He was hurt badly. He had to stay in bed for two weeks. In the first week, Shawn often visited Thomas. But what could they talk about Shawn didn't like television or computer games. Thomas didn't like to sit or talk. They didn't talk with each other happily. After trying three times to start a right conversation, Shawn gave up. He said, “I'm out of here.”
For days, Shawn stayed at home. He felt ashamed for not visiting Thomas again and he did nothing. Thomas stayed at home alone. He felt angry because Shawn wasn't visiting him. After two weeks, Shawn's mum spoke up. “It's time for you and Thomas to get back into action! I spoke to Ms McNulty at the library yesterday. She has a job for you both,” she said.
Shawn stayed silent and said nothing. His mum continued, “There is a lot of work at the library. People come and drop off books in bags and boxes. Someone has to carry the books to the storage(贮藏) room. Someone has to put them onto different shelves according to different subjects. I believe you and Thomas can do well at the library.”
“No, we can't!” said Shawn. “He and I don't want a job.” However, Shawn's mum wouldn't take “No” for an answer.
Sure enough, the boys took action and things changed. Shawn and Thomas went to work at the library. Shawn felt strong when he carried bags and boxes through the library. Working in the storage room, Thomas felt he was helpful again. In fact, one day Thomas said, “Between you and me, Shawn, this isn't so bad.” Shawn smiled and agreed. They were a good team again.
( )1. What did Shawn and Thomas both love
A. Talking.
B. Watching TV.
C. Sports.
D. Computer games.
( )2. Why did Shawn's mum speak to Ms McNulty
A. Ms McNulty is Thomas's mum.
B. She hadn't visited Shawn for a long time.
C. She wanted to find a job for herself there.
D. She wanted a chance for the boys to work together.
( )3. In what order did the following happen
a. Shawn often visited Thomas.
b. Thomas felt angry with Shawn.
c. Shawn gave up talking with Thomas.
d. Two boys became good friends again.
e. Thomas's leg was hurt in a soccer game.
f. Shawn's mum asked two boys to take action.
A. b→a→e→d→c→f B. b→c→a→f→d→e
C. e→b→a→c→d→f D. e→a→c→b→f→d
( )4. Which is the main lesson of the story
A. Children should not say “No” to parents.
B. Teamwork can make the friendship stronger.
C. It is no fun staying in bed and doing nothing.
D. True friends must have same hobbies.
解析:本文主要讲述Shawn and Thomas原本是好朋友,四年级一个事情两个人之间产生了矛盾,后来在妈妈的帮助下重新和好的故事。
1.C细节理解题。根据题干定位到第一第二自然段,They played baseball, touch football and kickball. They also liked to play soccer, shoot baskets and skate on a skateboard.故C选项符合题意,ABD选项张冠李戴。
2.D细节理解题。根据题干定位到第三第四自然段。I spoke to Ms McNulty at the library yesterday. She has a job for you both,” she said.故D选项符合题意。选项AC张冠李戴,选项B偷梁换柱。
3.D推理判断题。。分析各个小标题a. 肖恩经常去看托马斯。 b.托马斯对肖恩感到很生气。 c.肖恩放弃了和托马斯的谈话。 d.两个男孩又成了好朋友。 e.托马斯的腿在一场足球比赛中受伤了。 f.肖恩的妈妈要求两个男孩采取行动。对比选项,回归文章找故事脉络,e.是故事的开端,因此排除AB.
a.紧跟着发生在e之后,故选D。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据 Working in the storage room, Thomas felt he was helpful again. In fact, one day Thomas said, “Between you and me, Shawn, this isn't so bad.” Shawn smiled and agreed. They were a good team again.
可知B选项符合题意。AC选项黑白颠倒,D选项断章取义。2024年中考英语二轮复习-阅读理解题记叙文
一.阅读理解
(2023年广州真题)请阅读短文,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
Come on, Amy. You must TRY HARDER. Amy told herself silently. She was in her class’ Second-Day-of-School Game with her teammates, whom she only met yesterday. This was her first chance to make new friends, and she was nervous.
So far Amy hadn’t given any useful suggestions—after all, she was totally new to this town. Luckily, no one seemed to care about it. This relaxed her a lot.
Since the Blue Team left the park, they had worked out the first two clues (线索) and had been to the post office. Now they were in front of the cinema.
Henry was reading aloud the third clue: Go to our town founder’s last resting place.
I know THIS ONE! Amy thought, excited.
“To the cemetery (墓地)” Cindy said.
“No, wait!” Amy said. “I’ve read about it. The founder was buried near the library.”
“Wow. I’ve walked by every day,” Tyler said. “Never knew that!”
“Good job! That will save valuable time, ” Cindy smiled at Amy.
“We still need to hurry,” Tyler reminded, pointing to the Yellow Team coming near.
“I know a shortcut!” Henry suggested. “Follow me!” No one moved.
“No, seriously,” Henry said. “You know I’m always running late. I know every shortcut in town.” The others finally agreed.
A few sharp turns, and they were there! This time Amy read the clue aloud: Now go to the place where the football is running around!
“The football stadium!” They called out together and started to run…
Now they’d got the final clue: Look where you’ve been, see where you are. Use your map wisely and you’ll be a star!
Looking closely at the map, everyone thought hard.
“Aha! A star!” Cindy suddenly broke the silence. She quickly took out a pencil.
As they watched her drawing lines on the map, everyone understood.
They began running back to where they started. They were closer and closer and finally crossed the finish line-just one step behind the Red Team!
“So…close…” Tyler made a face, and they all laughed together.
“Nice job, new girl,” Cindy gave Amy a high-five.
“That was really fun,” said Henry. “I hope we’ll be on the same team soon.”
“Me, too,” Amy agreed, smiling.
( )1. What does the beginning of the story tell us about Amy
A. She didn’t want to play the game. B. She was a new student in her class.
C. She was a member of the Red Team. D. She didn’t understand the game rules.
( )2. Why did the team let Henry lead the way at last
A. He ran fastest in the team. B. They didn’t know the way.
C. They trusted his rich experience. D. He was best at playing the game.
( )3. Where was the finish line of the game
A. In the park. B. Next to the post office.
C. In front of the cinema. D. Outside the library.
( )4. Why did Amy smile at the end of the story
A. Her team came in first. B. She was accepted as a friend.
C. She no longer felt nervous. D. There would be a game soon.
二.阅读理解
(2022年广州真题)请阅读短文,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的最佳答案。
Slowly but surely, Amy and her grandparents were making progress. Boxes of all sizes were placed on top of each other throughout the house. Amy's grandparents had lived in the house for years and they had collected many things.
The dining room was full of memories. Amy's grandfather kept many fine dinner plates(盘子) from his hometown. Amy remembered that they ate from the red, yellow, and blue plates during important holidays.
After carefully wrapping up(包裹) the plates and putting them into a box, Amy lifted it up and moved it out of the way. But the box was too heavy. It suddenly fell from her arms and dropped to the floor. All three of them heard the plates shatter.
“I'm sorry!” Amy apologised.
“It's okay,” her grandfather said quietly. “It was an accident.”
They opened the box and, sure enough, many of the plates were broken. Only a few remained whole. Looking at the small pieces, Amy felt really terrible. She knew these plates were passed down from her great grandparents and …
“Don't worry,” her grandmother said, patting her on the back. Carefully, they put the broken pieces into a rubbish bag.
They continued packing for a little while, but Amy still felt very sorry. She was trying very hard to think of a way to make it up for her grandparents.
Soon, Amy's father came.
“I have to go,” she said. “Dad is here to pick me up.”
She kissed her grandparents both, picked up the bag of the broken pieces and left.
“What's that ” her father asked, as Amy climbed into the car.
Amy looked at the bag in her hands as an idea came to her. “This,” she said, “is an art project.”
The following day, Amy went to an art store and bought everything she needed. Then she started to work. She used a thin board as the base. Then she took out the colourful plate pieces and glued them in a creative way on the board. When it was dry, Amy wrapped it up.
A few days later, Amy's family had a big dinner at her grandparents' new house. She handed her gift to her grandparents.
“This is fantastic, Amy!”said her grandfather.
“I can't wait to hang it up in our new home,”Amy's grandmother said as she gave her a big hug.
( )1. What was Amy helping her grandparents do at the beginning of the story
A. Move to a new house.
B. Wrap up some presents.
C. Collect fine dinner plates.
D. Prepare a big family dinner.
( )2. Why did Amy feel sorry for the broken plates
A. They were never used by the family.
B. They were valuable holiday presents.
C. They were meaningful family treasures.
D. They were expensive hometown products.
( )3. How did Amy finally deal with the broken plate pieces
A. She sent them to an art store.
B. She put them in her father's car.
C. She made a special gift with them.
D. She threw them into a rubbish bag.
( )4. Which of the following best describes Amy
A. Kind and creative.
B. Brave but forgetful.
C. Careless but helpful.
D. Funny and hardworking.
回顾知识体系
一.阅读理解的正确选项特征:
1.原文复现(选项与原文同形式复现)
2.同义转换(通过短语、词性或同义词转换)
3.理解推断(通过逻辑关系及细节分析,进行推理和判断,从而得出文章的深层意义和隐含意义)
阅读理解的干扰选项特征:
方法 定义 方法 定义
无中生有 文中无信息支撑,但符合语境要求 偷梁换柱 利用文中同结构短语或句型以假乱真
黑白颠倒 与文中所述事实相反 张冠李戴 利用文中词语迷惑做题
断章取义 仅为文中细节,对某一细节进行阐述(主旨大意) 以偏概全 用文章某个部分内容表达整篇文章或段落的中心思想(主旨大意、段落大意)
二.记叙文新题型考查方式:
1.推断人物情绪变化。
主要考查学生从人物语言、行为或动作中推断人物常见情感及其变化的能力。
例:How did the writer's feelings change in the story
A. happy→surprised→sad →afraid
B. proud→sad→brave→ happy
C. excited→sad→afraid →brave
D. happy→nervous→worried →brave
解题技巧:Step 1:看清楚题干所问情绪变化的对象,再定位关键词句进行分析; Step 2:利用文中的关键词所在句推断题干目标的情感;
Step 3:要特别注意所描写的人物言谈举止中流露出的情绪、情感变化等。
2.推断文章结构。
考查学生在理解全文的基础上对文章所描述事件的发展、所说明事物的结构或论述观点过程中使用的论证方法进行推理、分析和总结的能力。
例:What is the correct structure of the passage
解题技巧:
Step 1:通读全文分析段落的意义与结构,分析句与句之间的关系,句子与段落的关系;
Step 2:根据句子或段落之间的关系判断文章的结构方式为总分式、并列式或者分述式;
Step 3:分析选项,利用选项代入法或排除法确定答案。
3.推断文章后续发展。
考查学生分析推断及预测故事发展的能力。
例:What's the probable ending of the story
A. Irene let the coach down.
B. Beth returned to the team.
C. Titans succeeded in the match.
D. Kylee entered another new school.
解题技巧:
Step 1: 抓住文章最后一段的关键词句,重点看结尾处作者的态度;
Step 2: 利用表示因果、转折、递进、并列等关系的连词,联系各选项信息,综合推断结论;
Step 3: 排除文中已出现、无需再度推测的事实,以及与文意明显不符的选项。
4.推断文章写作顺序。
考查学生运用所学知识梳理语篇脉络及发展变化,提取关键信息的能力。
例:The passage is written in the order of ________.
A. persons B. places
C. time D. opinions
解题技巧:
Step 1:提前预判各选项写作顺序特征;
Step 2:根据文中细节信息/关键词进行推断;
Step 3:对比选项与原文具体信息点,确定答案。
5.图片理解。
图片理解题是对细节理解题进行了微创新,将常规的选项中的文字内容改为图片,让学生结合文字所表达的内容识别图像。
例:What does Little Q look like
解题技巧:
Step 1:找关键词。快速阅读题干,找出题干中的关键词;
Step 2:找信息源。快速浏览文章并确定该细节在文中的出处;
Step 3:对比细节。仔细对照题干要求,并将四幅图片所呈现的内容与文章中的细节内容作对比,选出最符合文章细节内容的图片。
1.细节理解题
三.记叙文常考题型 2.推理判断题
一.细节理解题
1.命题形式。
细节理解题主要考查学生对阅读材料中某一特定细节或文章的主要事实的理解能力。
2.常见设问方式
1)5W+1H细节题
What will players carry in the game
What problem does sb. need to solve
What can we know about....
How may....
Which is the best way to...
Why is .....
When can ...
2)EXCEPT题。
According to the passage, the followings are… EXCEPT ________.
3)数字计算题。
How many… does the writer mention in Paragraph…?
3.题目特点
1)凡属针对特定细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语,也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子,但句式、用词和表达方式不同。
2)干扰项往往是主体思想与细节混杂,正确答案细节和非正确答案的细节混杂,甚至真假混杂。
4.解题步骤
1)快速阅读材料首尾段及段首句,抓住大意
2)迅速浏览考题,画出关键词
3)根据关键词,运用查读法,回归文章查找关键信息
4)分析这些信息的结构和意义,理清逻辑关系
5)对比选项确定正确答案。
5.常见解题方法
1)排除干扰项
常见混淆选项:张冠李戴;断章取义;偷梁换柱;无中生有
常见混淆选项:原文复现;同义替换
二.推理判断题
1.命题形式。
根据阅读材料中所提供的信息,推断出未知的信息。此类题目不能直接从文中找到答案,学生须根据文章的细节或文章所表达的观点进行推断。
2.常见设问方式
1)含有suggest, mean, learn, know, purpose等动词
What is the purpose of the passage
2)含有表示推测的情态动词can, could, might, would等
From the last paragraph, we can....
3)表示推断的副词probably, most likely等
Where is this passage most probably from
This passage is mainly written for....
3.题目特点
1)将文章中一些从字面含义上就能了解到的信息作为干扰项;
2) 将不符合事实、逻辑的判断推理结果作为干扰项。
4.解题步骤
1)快速阅读材料首尾段及段首句,抓住大意
2)迅速浏览考题,画出关键词,注意是非题,清楚的知道题目要求
3)根据关键词,运用查读法,回归文章查找关键信息,验证一个,排除一个
4)最贴合文章的选项,判断出正确答案
5.常见解题方法
1)根据文章的用词和格式,以及文章内容的主题意义来确定文章的出处。
2)从文章的主题句入手,了解文章大意,梳理文章脉络,对作者写这篇文章的目的进行推断。
3)根据题干要求定位对应段落,找出该段主题句,根据说明方法的关键信息(如:数字、具体例子等),提取信息,总结行文方式。
4)根据题干的关键词定位对应段落的相关内容,对相关细节进行符合逻辑的推理,得出正确答案。
(一)
Li Qingzhao is one of the best-known women writers in Chinese history. She showed great love for writing and was known as a talented special woman then. But her life was bittersweet. Many things happened to her, but she still lived cheerfully.
Li Qingzhao was born on March 13th, 1084. She was born into a famous literary(文学) family. His father, Li Gefei, was a book lover and he collected a large number of books. This had a great influence on Li Qingzhao. Li Qingzhao was someone who always wanted to destroy old customs and traditions from the start. Women in the Song Dynasty stayed indoors. They didn't discuss politics, and only spoke when someone spoke to them. But just at the age of 17, Li Qingzhao made a name for herself. She became famous for a poem.
Li Qingzhao was lucky in her marriage(婚姻). In 1101, she married Zhao Mingcheng, with whom she shared the same interest in the art collection. They lived in Shandong Province. They were not wealthy, but they lived happily together. Li and her husband collected many books. They shared a love of poetry and often wrote poems for each other. After getting married, they sold clothes and went hungry to slowly build up a big library, and they always spent their nights on a literary drinking game. In the game, an event would be chosen from a pile of books, and the person would win if he first named the book, chapter, page and line where it was found.
This happy life was destroyed by the wars of 1127. The Northern Song capital fell this year because of the wars between the Jin Dynasty and Northern Song. Later, fighting took place in Shandong and their house was burned. Li Qingzhao and her husband ran away to Nanjing, where they lived for a year. Zhao Mingcheng died in 1129, leaving her childless and alone.
Li Qingzhao left the world in 1155. Her life was full of sadness, but she left many valuable poems to us.
( )1. What does the underlined sentence “But her life was bittersweet” mean
A. She didn't enjoy her life.
B. She had a hard but happy life.
C. She hated to write love stories.
D. She was interested in sweet stories.
( )2. Why did the writer include Paragraph 2
A. To tell us how to write poems correctly.
B. To introduce Li Qingzhao's family to us.
C. To teach us some old customs and traditions.
D. To show us Li Qingzhao was different from other women.
( )3. Which of the following was Li Qingzhao's hobby
A. Building libraries.
B. Planting flowers.
C. Collecting artworks.
D. Playing a drinking game.
( )4. In what order did the following happen in Li Qingzhao's life
a. Li married Zhao Mingcheng.
b. Li was born into a literary family.
c. Li lived alone after Zhao Mingcheng's death.
d. The Northern Song capital fell because of wars.
e. Li and her husband tried their best to set up a big library.
f. Li left her hometown with her husband because of the fighting.
A. b→a→f→d→e→c B.a→c→e→d→f→b
C.b→a→e→d→f→c D.a→c→f→d→e→b
(二)
Michael Morgan is an African-American who was born in 1958 and grew up in California. Michael was six years old when his father moved a neighbour's unwanted piano into their living room. “And that's really how the whole thing started,” Michael said. “My mother and grandmother had played the piano a little bit, but my father just thought it was a good thing to have a piano in the house.” From then on, Michael started having piano lessons.
However, Michael didn't know what he wanted to do until he saw a conductor(指挥) leading an orchestra on TV. In 1966, he began reading The Joy of Music by conductor and composer Leonard Bemstein and got to know how to conduct a concert.
When Michael entered the junior high school, he joined an orchestra and learned to play many instruments. In 1970, his teacher asked him to compose and conduct a concert piece. He was just twelve years old. And that was only the beginning. Throughout high school, he continued to develop his artistic talent, and after graduating, he entered Oberlin Conservatory of Music to improve himself.
Michael paid attention to offering kids a chance to explore classical music. While he was studying in Oberlin Conservatory of Music, he started to volunteer in local schools, conducting student orchestras and talking with kids about music. Later, Michael set up Music for Excellence(MUSE), a music education programme for kids. The MUSE provided young people in Oakland public schools with one-to-one instrumental lessons, group music classes and symphony concerts. Many young people could have a chance to learn music.
Michael brought musicians from Oakland Symphony into classrooms to teach kids. He also worked with teachers in after-school programmes to teach students who couldn't afford lessons. Michael said his work was mostly about providing young people with an entrance into music. “Music is a way for kids to express their feelings, and it gives them an interest they can carry with them through life,” he added.
( )1. Why did Michael's father move a piano into their house
A. It was a gift from their neighbour.
B. Michael's mother asked him to buy one.
C. He just wanted to have a piano at home.
D. He wanted to give Michael piano lessons.
( )2. What can we learn from the MUSE programme
A. It helped more people go to public schools.
B. It helped change many young people's lives.
C. It developed a new kind of classical music.
D. It helped Oakland Symphony make more money.
( )3. Which shows the correct order of Michael's life
a. He began to take piano lessons.
b. He joined an orchestra at junior high school.
c. He developed a music education programme.
d. He studied at Oberlin Conservatory of Music.
e. He began to learn how to conduct at the age of 8.
f. He was asked to conduct a concert piece by his teacher.
A. a→e→b→f→d→c B. d→c→b→e→a→f
C. a→e→f→b→d→c D. d→c→f→e→b→a
( )4. In what order was the passage written
A. Things.
B. Opinions.
C. Places.
D. Time.
(三)
In the time of the Yellow Emperor, there were no written words. People recorded things by tying knots(打结) in ropes and carving(雕刻) shapes on stone walls.
One day, the Yellow Emperor discussed an event with a wise man named Cang Jie. Cang took out a piece of knotted rope, but he found it was destroyed. It was impossible for him to remember the event clearly. Then he turned to a stone wall, but he could hardly read the shapes on it. They were carved by another person.
“The ropes will be destroyed because of unknown reasons. And the shapes can only be read by a few people,” the Yellow Emperor said to Cang. “Can you come up with something better ”
Cang thought over the matter day and night. On the morning after a heavy snowfall, the earth was completely white. He saw the footprints of some different animals by accident. These footprints helped him to comprehend what animals passed by just now. Cang suddenly had an idea. He picked a stick and drew on the snow-covered ground. At first he drew a tiger and a bear to show that they passed by. But soon, he found it took him too much time to do that. He realized that he had to make the drawings easier.
All the shapes on the stone walls came into his mind. Cang kept making all kinds of shapes on the ground. He focused on drawing. To show the Sun, for example, he used a circle with a dot in the middle. A half-circle and a vertical line(直线) made up the Moon. And three lines that were not straight were used to show water. These simple marks shone brightly in the snow.
In the end, Cang created a whole set of symbols to record things. People could easily understand these symbols. Since then, they have been able to record their own history in this way.
( )1. Why couldn't Cang Jie remember the event clearly
A. He couldn't carve shapes on the stone walls.
B. He didn't record things by tying knots in ropes.
C. The emperor asked him to do something better.
D. He couldn't read the destroyed rope or the shapes about it.
( )2. What does the underlined word “comprehend” mean in Paragraph 4
A. Accept.
B. Recognize.
C. Praise.
D. Control.
( )3. How does the writer develop Paragraph 5
A. By telling stories.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By comparing facts.
D. By giving examples.
( )4. Which picture best describes the symbol of the Moon
(四)
Shawn and Thomas had always been good friends. They lived near each other, and they had the same hobbies. They played baseball, touch football and kickball. They also liked to play soccer, shoot baskets and skate on a skateboard.
When they were in the fourth grade, Thomas broke his leg in a soccer game. He was hurt badly. He had to stay in bed for two weeks. In the first week, Shawn often visited Thomas. But what could they talk about Shawn didn't like television or computer games. Thomas didn't like to sit or talk. They didn't talk with each other happily. After trying three times to start a right conversation, Shawn gave up. He said, “I'm out of here.”
For days, Shawn stayed at home. He felt ashamed for not visiting Thomas again and he did nothing. Thomas stayed at home alone. He felt angry because Shawn wasn't visiting him. After two weeks, Shawn's mum spoke up. “It's time for you and Thomas to get back into action! I spoke to Ms McNulty at the library yesterday. She has a job for you both,” she said.
Shawn stayed silent and said nothing. His mum continued, “There is a lot of work at the library. People come and drop off books in bags and boxes. Someone has to carry the books to the storage(贮藏) room. Someone has to put them onto different shelves according to different subjects. I believe you and Thomas can do well at the library.”
“No, we can't!” said Shawn. “He and I don't want a job.” However, Shawn's mum wouldn't take “No” for an answer.
Sure enough, the boys took action and things changed. Shawn and Thomas went to work at the library. Shawn felt strong when he carried bags and boxes through the library. Working in the storage room, Thomas felt he was helpful again. In fact, one day Thomas said, “Between you and me, Shawn, this isn't so bad.” Shawn smiled and agreed. They were a good team again.
( )1. What did Shawn and Thomas both love
A. Talking.
B. Watching TV.
C. Sports.
D. Computer games.
( )2. Why did Shawn's mum speak to Ms McNulty
A. Ms McNulty is Thomas's mum.
B. She hadn't visited Shawn for a long time.
C. She wanted to find a job for herself there.
D. She wanted a chance for the boys to work together.
( )3. In what order did the following happen
a. Shawn often visited Thomas.
b. Thomas felt angry with Shawn.
c. Shawn gave up talking with Thomas.
d. Two boys became good friends again.
e. Thomas's leg was hurt in a soccer game.
f. Shawn's mum asked two boys to take action.
A. b→a→e→d→c→f B. b→c→a→f→d→e
C. e→b→a→c→d→f D. e→a→c→b→f→d
( )4. Which is the main lesson of the story
A. Children should not say “No” to parents.
B. Teamwork can make the friendship stronger.
C. It is no fun staying in bed and doing nothing.
D. True friends must have same hobbies.