-2024届高三英语二轮复习情态动词的用法总结学案（无答案）
文档属性
| 名称 | -2024届高三英语二轮复习情态动词的用法总结学案（无答案） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 21.9KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-24 17:28:42 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
情态动词
情态动词有具体的词义，没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语，情态动词必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语。
常见情态动词的用法
一、Can的用法
1. can n.罐头 v.本身具有的能力"能,会”
could表过去的能力.
can和 be able to的区别:can只有一般现在时和一般过去时could
be able to有多种时态
一般将来时——will be able to
过去将来时——would be able to
一般现在时——is/am/are able to
一般过去时——was/ were able to
现在完成时——have/has been able to
过去完成时——had been able to
could和 was able to都可以表示过去的能力,二者可以互换,但was able to可表经过一定的努力获得的能力,一般不用could.
2.can表推测(常用于疑问句或否定句中)
He can't be at home now. I just saw him on the street.
3.can表请求或许可
can可以代替may表许可,can't=cannot表示不许可.
Can I go home now
Could you please hand me the pen
4.can构成的短语
① can't help but do sth不得不,不禁
I can't help but think of my mother.
You can't help but accept him.
他没别的法子,只能接受.
②can't help doing sth禁不住做....
Hearing the news, he can't help shaking.
③ can but do sth只好,只能
We can but wait until he comes back.
我们只能等他回来.
二、May的用法
1.may n.大写"五月",表可能性"可以,许可,或许,"过去式"might"
2.表"许可"或请求许可,
May I go to the bathroom
3.表可能性和推测 may没有把握的推测,might比may可能性更小.
It may rain this afternoon.
4.在回答may开头的一般疑问句时,否定回答用mustn’t,肯定回答用may.
May I watch TV after supper
Yes, you may.
No, you mustn’t.不行,不可以.
5.表示希望,祈求,祝愿.常译为"祝愿"。句型may+主语+动词.※
May you have a good time! May you succeed!
祝你过得愉快!
6. might/may as well还是.....好,还不如,不妨
三、must的用法
1.表主观看法“必须，应该，一定”.
You must stay here until I come back.
Must I finish my homework right now
Yes, you must.
No, you needn't/don't have to.
2.其否定形式mustn't表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止,不许”。
You mustn't play with fire.
3.must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句,指百分百肯定.
The light is on, so he must be at home now.
4.①must和 have to都有"必须"的含义,但侧重点不同
must强调说话者主观(自己)的看法。Have to强调客观(外力的作用)的需要,“不得不”
I must go to school and learn some knowledge.
I have to go to school because the holiday is over.
②must没有人称和数的变化,而have to有动词单三形式:has to;动词过去式had to和将来时will have to
must not = mustn't表禁止......
四、need的用法
1.need表需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,“没有必要,不必”。用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn't或 don't have to .
--Need I stay here any longer
- Yes, you must.
-No, you needn't/don't have to.
2.need还可作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语,后边多接动词不定式。
I need to do it right now.
He needs to learn more about the girl.
如果是物作主语,一般用need doing或need to be done
The door needs painting.
=
The door needs to be painted.
五、shall的用法
shall表征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)
Shall we go out for a walk
六、should的用法
1.should“应该”,表劝告,建议,义务,责任等.
We should protect the environment.
should have done表示对过去动作的责备、批评.
You should have finished your homework.
will的用法
will表示意愿，意志，打算,可用于多种人称.
I will help you if I'm free this afternoon.
八、dare的用法
1.dare“敢,敢于,竟敢”等含义,可作情态动词和实意动词.
2.①用作情态动词dare+动词原形,通常用于疑问句,否定句或条件句,一般不用于肯定句.
How dare you say I'm unfair
Try it if you dare come here.
②dare作实意动词,有人称,数和时态的变化，dare to do.
I suppose he dares to tell the boss the truth.
I ________ _________ (dare) to speak English before such a crowd.
He will be punished if he_______ _______(dare) break the rules.
How _________you__________(dare) speak to me like that
The student_________ ___________ __________(dare) ask questions.
情态动词有具体的词义，没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语，情态动词必须跟动词原形一起构成谓语。
常见情态动词的用法
一、Can的用法
1. can n.罐头 v.本身具有的能力"能,会”
could表过去的能力.
can和 be able to的区别:can只有一般现在时和一般过去时could
be able to有多种时态
一般将来时——will be able to
过去将来时——would be able to
一般现在时——is/am/are able to
一般过去时——was/ were able to
现在完成时——have/has been able to
过去完成时——had been able to
could和 was able to都可以表示过去的能力,二者可以互换,但was able to可表经过一定的努力获得的能力,一般不用could.
2.can表推测(常用于疑问句或否定句中)
He can't be at home now. I just saw him on the street.
3.can表请求或许可
can可以代替may表许可,can't=cannot表示不许可.
Can I go home now
Could you please hand me the pen
4.can构成的短语
① can't help but do sth不得不,不禁
I can't help but think of my mother.
You can't help but accept him.
他没别的法子,只能接受.
②can't help doing sth禁不住做....
Hearing the news, he can't help shaking.
③ can but do sth只好,只能
We can but wait until he comes back.
我们只能等他回来.
二、May的用法
1.may n.大写"五月",表可能性"可以,许可,或许,"过去式"might"
2.表"许可"或请求许可,
May I go to the bathroom
3.表可能性和推测 may没有把握的推测,might比may可能性更小.
It may rain this afternoon.
4.在回答may开头的一般疑问句时,否定回答用mustn’t,肯定回答用may.
May I watch TV after supper
Yes, you may.
No, you mustn’t.不行,不可以.
5.表示希望,祈求,祝愿.常译为"祝愿"。句型may+主语+动词.※
May you have a good time! May you succeed!
祝你过得愉快!
6. might/may as well还是.....好,还不如,不妨
三、must的用法
1.表主观看法“必须，应该，一定”.
You must stay here until I come back.
Must I finish my homework right now
Yes, you must.
No, you needn't/don't have to.
2.其否定形式mustn't表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止,不许”。
You mustn't play with fire.
3.must表示有把握的推测,用于肯定句,指百分百肯定.
The light is on, so he must be at home now.
4.①must和 have to都有"必须"的含义,但侧重点不同
must强调说话者主观(自己)的看法。Have to强调客观(外力的作用)的需要,“不得不”
I must go to school and learn some knowledge.
I have to go to school because the holiday is over.
②must没有人称和数的变化,而have to有动词单三形式:has to;动词过去式had to和将来时will have to
must not = mustn't表禁止......
四、need的用法
1.need表需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,其否定形式为needn’t,“没有必要,不必”。用need提问时,肯定回答为must,否定回答为needn't或 don't have to .
--Need I stay here any longer
- Yes, you must.
-No, you needn't/don't have to.
2.need还可作实义动词,此时有人称、数和时态的变化,如果是人作主语,后边多接动词不定式。
I need to do it right now.
He needs to learn more about the girl.
如果是物作主语,一般用need doing或need to be done
The door needs painting.
=
The door needs to be painted.
五、shall的用法
shall表征求对方意见(多用于第一、三人称)
Shall we go out for a walk
六、should的用法
1.should“应该”,表劝告,建议,义务,责任等.
We should protect the environment.
should have done表示对过去动作的责备、批评.
You should have finished your homework.
will的用法
will表示意愿，意志，打算,可用于多种人称.
I will help you if I'm free this afternoon.
八、dare的用法
1.dare“敢,敢于,竟敢”等含义,可作情态动词和实意动词.
2.①用作情态动词dare+动词原形,通常用于疑问句,否定句或条件句,一般不用于肯定句.
How dare you say I'm unfair
Try it if you dare come here.
②dare作实意动词,有人称,数和时态的变化，dare to do.
I suppose he dares to tell the boss the truth.
I ________ _________ (dare) to speak English before such a crowd.
He will be punished if he_______ _______(dare) break the rules.
How _________you__________(dare) speak to me like that
The student_________ ___________ __________(dare) ask questions.