人教版（2019）选择性必修第四册Unit 3 Sea Exploration Discover Useful Structures课件（共18张ppt）

(共18张PPT)
非谓语动词
过去分词 (done)
动词不定式 to do
现在分词/动名词(doing )
to do
functions
forms
1 主语 (subject)
2 宾语 (object)
3 表语 (predicative)
4 定语 (attribute)
5 状语 (adverbial)
6 宾补 (object complement)
1 一般式
2 进行式
3 完成式
4. 一些特殊情况
形 式 主动 被动
一般式
进行式
完成式
to do
to be done
to be doing
／
to have done
to have been done
二、不定式句法功能
1)三情况：
直接作主语 To keep smiling is healthy for you.
It作形式主语：It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer.
wh-to do短语作主语(谓语用单数)When and where to start the programs ________(remain) unknown.
remains
1.不定式作主语 (subject)
2).常考句型
It +be + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth.
★for: adj.多为描述不定式行为的特征,特点 （important/ necessary / interesting 等.）
★of : adj. 多为 描述主语的品质（kind / nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等.）
Practice:
1.It is important ______us to live a low-carbon life.
2.It was generous ______him to contribute so much .
for
of
1） 动词+ to do
Yao Ming likes to play basketball
decide/determine, learn , manage, try
refuse, promise, pretend, agree
want, help, choose, plan
hope/wish/expect, offer, wait
happen, fail, afford
2）不定式有时和wh-词构成宾语.
① 下一步干什么你决定了吗
Have you decided ____________next
②我不知道怎么做它。
I didn’t know ______________it.
what to do
how to do
决定学好，（就）设法努力
拒绝承诺；（就）假装同意；
想要帮忙，（就）选好计划
希望关心；（就）主动等待
碰巧威胁，（也）不能付钱
2.不定式作宾语 (object)
3)动词+it+宾补+to do
此时，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的to do不定式
常用动词： make, find, feel, think, believe, consider
当it后面是no use或no good时，to do 应改为doing
例1.我觉得回答这个问题很难
I think it hard to answer the question.
例2.我发现要吃完这顿饭是一个负担
I find it a burden to finish the meal/eat the whole food.
介词to后要用动名词
·look forward to...期待，盼望……
·object to...反对……
·be devoted to...致力于……
·be opposed to...反对……
·adapt/adjust to...适应……
·lead to...导致……
when it comes to...
The event also encouraged her ____________ (found) the community.
They offered_________(do) some voluntary work during the school holidays.
The activity not only enabled us ________(learn) Chinese culture better but also promoted our friendship.
Mrs. Green objected to___________(advertise) the product.
When it comes to______________(play) badminton, her face is glowing with excitement.
He made it a rule _________ (read) English every day.
I don’t know whether_________(eat) first or to take a shower first.
I find it no use__________(organize) the discussion.
to found
to do
to learn
advertising
playing
to read
to eat
organizing
3.　不定式作表语
不定式作表语多表示某一次具体的、特定的或将来的动作。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.
主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, intention, plan, proposal, suggestion 等为中心词的名词词组, 表语用不定式说明其内容
My idea is___________(climb) the mountain from the north.
My suggestion is _____________(start) work at once.
to climb
to start
4.　不定式作定语
1)不定式作定语时常放在被修饰词的后面，常表示将来的动作；
Some scientists were determined to help human realize their dream to explore space.
2)用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系。
He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last _________ (leave) the school.
3)某些名词后只能跟不定式作定语，不接of doing
ability, attempt, desire, effort, failure, promise tendency等。
to leave
1.As is known to us, Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut_______ (send) into space
破解：序数词修饰的名词后用不定式作后置定语，且send与逻辑主语astronaut是被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，故填to be sent
2.What is the best way for you________ (solve) this problem
破解：the way for sb. to do sth.“某人做某事的方法”，不定式复合结构作后置定语。故填to solve
3.The airport_______(complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
破解:根据时间状语next year可知，该动作将要发生，且complete与the airport之间为被动关系。故填to be completed
做目的状语，常用的结构：
to do ; in order to do; so as to 以便于
① As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
② I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
(2) 做结果状语 ：
①so/such......to do
We are not so stupid to buy his words.
②enough to do
He didn’t run fast enough to catch the train
③too......to do太......而不能
The tea is too hot to drink.
④only to do结果却...
We hurried to the train station only ___________ the train had left. （tell）
5. 不定式作状语 (adverbial)
to be told
高考链接：不定式和现在分词作结果状语的区别
1. The old man returned home only to find that his daughter had got married.
2. He died from a sudden traffic accident，leaving his family even worse off.
出乎意料
顺其自然
(3)做原因状语：
一般用在be+ adj. (表情感）后：说明产生这种情绪的原因.
1） We were surprised to find that he had already left.
2） She was disappointed to learn the news.
6. 不定式作宾补 (object complement)
1) 动词 + 宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth.
My mum asks me_________________two hours on a daily basis.
to play the piano
常用的这类动词有：
ask; allow; advise; want; tell; order; teach; expect, require; cause; force ; permit ; encourage; urge；enable；warn; forbid; get; invite; persuade
2）动词+宾语+不带to的不定式
感官动词
使役动词
一感：feel
二听：hear, listen to
五看：see, notice, watch, look at, observe
let, make, have
◆但当以上的动词用于被动式，to要还原：
They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.
The boy was seen _______ suddenly from the tree.
+ sb do sth
（不带to）
to fall
主动形式表被动意义的不定式 !
01
1.主语＋be + adj.+ to do
能用于此句型的形容词有：difficult , easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, nice, good, interesting, heavy, dangerous, etc.
★ The question is very easy to answer.
★ The morning air is so good to breathe.
02
03
2. with + n. + to do (with复合结构)
With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having hard time.
3. want/need/require/deserve + doing / to be done
The house requires / needs / wants repairing.
The house requires /needs / wants to be repaired.