元音音素：单元音，[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][e][ ][i:][ :][u:][ :][ɑ:]；
双元音，[a ][e ][ ][ ][e ][ ][ ][a ]
易错的：a university;a unique thought;a European car;a useful animal;
an hour ;an honor;an ugly man;an honest boy
二、系动词总结：
1、五感：look 看、sound 听、smell 闻、taste 尝、feel 感觉，摸起来
2、四变：become 变成、turn 变得、get 变得、grow 变得
3、三保持：keep 保持、stay 保持 remain 仍然是
4、二特殊：be 是、seem 似乎
三、adj.变adv.规则：
1.一般情况下，直接加ly immediate--immediately complete--completely
2.以le结尾的，变le为ly simple--simply possible--possibly
3.辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加ly happy--happily lucky--luckily
4.以ic结尾的形容词，加ally
basic--basically; scientific---scientifically
例外：true---truly whole--wholly public---publicly
四、1.基变序，有规律，一般词尾加-th。
four→fourth（第四） six→sixth（第六） seven→seventh（第七） ten→tenth（第十） eleven→eleventh（第十一）thirteen→thirteenth（第十三）...
2.一、二、三，单独记;
one→first（第一） two→second（第二） three→third（第三）
3.八去t，九去e后再加-th；
eight→eighth（第八） nine→ninth（第九）
4.ve要用f替，-th莫忘记；
five→fifth（第五） twelve→twelfth（第十二）
5.整十基数变序数，先把ty变tie，再把th最后加上去；
twenty→twentieth（第二十） thirty→thirtieth（第三十）...
五、一二三四口诀
一坚持 insist (表示坚持主张、认为)；urge(极力主张,敦促)
二命令 order, command
三建议 advise, propose, suggest (表示建议); recommend(建议)
四要求 ask, desire, demand, require, request；
这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用(should+) do 的形式，should可省略。
The officer insisted that Tracy take the ticket.警官坚持要特蕾西拿罚单。
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now.我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
Holly requested that her secretary be courteous.霍莉要求她的秘书要有礼貌。
六、状语从句省略：
When/while/though/although
如果while，when等引导状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,且从句中含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词 如:
When （I am）coming here，I met my first teacher.来到了这儿，我见到了我的启蒙老师。
The girl sang while（ the girl was） walking along the street.这姑娘在街上边走边唱
七、
“6123结构”
6指主句中常用的动词：think， believe， make， find， consider， feel；
1指的是形式宾语it；
2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词；
3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语,动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。
We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day.
He felt it useless playing computer games.
They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.
在6123结构中，引导宾语从句的that不能省
八、不规则动词常双写的词
admitted;occurred;preferred;referred;planned;controlled;stopped;chatted;;wrapped; slipped;plugged;stepped;skipped;scanned;trapped,dropped;begged; robbed; hugged; sobbed; topped; spotted; dotted布满,点缀;nodded;
stop→stopped/stopping; permit→permitting/permitted(admit/submit同规则); occur→occurred(prefer/refer同规则、注意offer、suffer直接加ed); equip →equipped
九、形容词做状语，说明主语的状态
The boy came back home, tired and hungry.
Happy and proud, my parents both spoke highly of me.
十、if虚拟语气的三种时态如下：
1、对现在状况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去时（be动词用were)，主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”方式，
If I were you,I would choose to work in a small town.
If I were you, I would taken an umbrella.
2、对过去状况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式，主语would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”方式。
If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.
3、对未来状况的虚拟
在表明和未来客观事实反过来的条件从句中，谓语动词可用should do,were to do或者动词的过去时三种形式表明，主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”方式，
If things were to be twice，all would be wise.
十一、
虚拟语气：省略if的倒装条件句。
如果条件从句中有were，had或should，把它们移至主语之前，省略if。如:
Were I you, I should/would have a try.我要是你的话，我就要试一试。
Had he started earlier, he wouldn’t have missed the train.如果他早点儿出发，他就不会误车了。
Should you come tomorrow,I would go with you.如果你明天来，我就和你一块去
那儿。
十二、现在完成时的标志词：
lately; already; recently; yet;
since;ever since;since then 自从
by now;till/until now;up to now;so far; to date 迄今为止
in recent years; over the years 最近几年
in/during/over the past/last years +时间段 在过去......年
It is the first time that sb have done sth 某人第几次时间做某事
十三、过去完成时标志词：
by the time（ of）+过去的时间，by the end of+过去的时间
It was the first time that sb had done sth
十四、倍数表达法
(1)……倍数+形容词(或副词)的比较级+than
This rope is twice longer than that one.这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(比那根绳长二倍)
(2)……倍数+as+形容词(或 much)或副词+as
Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
(3)……倍数+the size(length，height…)of
This street is four times the length of that street.这条街是那条街的四倍长。
This hill is four times the height of that small one.这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)
十五、常考不规则动词过去式过去分词变形
arise--arose--arisen 出现， apply--applied--applied申请，应用；
bite--bit--bitten咬；catch--caught--caught抓住，当场发现，赶上，领会，吸引住，卡住，着火，注意到；
chat--chatted--chatted聊天；clap--clapped--clapped拍手；
deal--dealt-dealt处理，涉及到；dig-dug-dug挖，drag--dragged--dragged拖，拽；give--gave--given给；hear-heard-heard听见，
occupy--occupied--occupied占据，忙于；overtake--overtook--overtaken超过；pay--paid--paid支付；panic--panicked--panicked慌乱；
quit--quit--quit放弃，停止；
seek--sought--sought寻求，请求；sweep--swept--swept打扫；
tear--tore--torn撕裂，撕掉begin--began--begun开始；choose--chose--chosen选择；draw-drew--drawn画画，吸引，拉；fall--fell-fallen下降，落下，陷入某种状态；feel-felt-felt感觉；fly-flew-flown飞；freeze--frozen--frozen冻结；
go-went-gone去；grow-grew-grown成长，发展，变化；
hear--heard--heard听见；hide--hid--hidden躲藏；keep--kept--kept保存，保持；
know--knew--known知道，认识；lie--lied--lied撒谎；lie-lay-lain位于，平躺；lay--laid--laid放置，下蛋；lead-led-led带领；leave--left-left离开，把某物忘在某处，使......处于某种状态；lose--lost--lost失去，输掉；
meet--met--met遇见，迎接；plan-planned-planned计划，
occur-occurred-occurred发生，rise--rose--risen上升；say--said--said说；
see--saw--seen看见；speak--spoke--spoken说；spend--spent--spent花费；stop-stopped-stopped停止，spot-spotted-spotted看见，
stick--stuck-stuck粘贴，刺入，被困在；swim--swam--swum游泳；
take--took--taken带走，取，对待；teach--taught--taught教；
tell--told--told告诉，辨别；think--thought--thought思考，认为；
throw--threw--thrown扔掉；win--won--won赢得；write--wrote-written写
十五、
定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况
1.当先行词既有人又有物时。
2.当先行词被the last , the very 和the only修饰时。
3.当先行词有序数词、最高级修饰时。
4.当先行词被all, every, no , some, few , little, much, both等修饰或本身是先行词时。
5.当先行词为anything、everything、nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；
十六、
定语从句引导词：关系代词：which, that, who, whom, whose
关系副词：when, where, why
介词+whom（先行词是人）;
介词+ which （先行词是物） ）
介词来源有三：
1.根据先行词
This is the bus on which I came here.
This is the room in which I live.
2.根据从句的动词
I met the patient on whom Dr. Smith did an operation.
3.根据情境加上
I am studying in the school, in front of which lies a lake.
十七、引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
1．连接词： that，whether，if (不充当从句的任何成分)
2．连接代词：what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whomever，whose，which，whichever
3．连接副词：when，where，how，why
[名师指津] that 和 what 的区别
that引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不充当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；
而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分
What he told us made us surprised.
The news that he told us made us surprised.
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导，也可由其他连接代词或连接副词引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有：advice，belief, demand，doubt，decision，explanation, fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，thought, truth，wish，word等。
The news that we won the game excited all of us.
我们赢得这场比赛的消息让我们每个人都很激动。expect--n._________
determine--n._______
accurate--n._______
efficient--n._______
discover--n._______
annoy--n.________
popular--n._______
invent--n.______/________
participate--n.________
deliver-- n._______
young--n._______
accept--n._______
violent--n._______
apply--n._______/________
imagine--n.________
admire--n._______
generous--n.________
anxious--n._______
invite--n._______
curious-- n._________
remove--n.___________
exist--n.________
begin--n._________(初学者)
resist--n.________
represent--n._________
special--n.__________(专家)
consider--n._______
die--n.________
deep--n._______
reserve--n.________
hesitate--n._______
major--n._______
present--n.________(出席，存在)
elect--n.______
frequent--n._______
inspire--n._______
refer--n.________
entertain--n.______
respond--n.________
appear--n._______
various--n.________
absent--n.______
appreciate--n._______
---adj.______--n.________
assist--n._______/______
adapt--n._______
propose--n.___________
similar--n._______
recover--n._______
relax--n._________
diverse--n.________
prefer--n._______
assign--n.________
occur--n._________
argue--n.______
survive--n.______/______
win--n.___________
assist--n.________
defend--n.______
rich--n._________
accomplish--n.______
history--n._________
necessary--n.________
loyal--n._______
confirm--n._________
creative--n.______(创造力)
perform--n._______
wide--n.______
silent--n.________
attend--n.________
urgent--n._______
distant--n._______
brave--n._______
weak--n.__________
tired--n.________
secure--n._______
equal--n._______
approve--n.______--反:____
fluent--n._______
lonely--n.________
admit v. --- n.___________
assume v. --- n.________
permit v. --- n.________
angry adj.---- n.__________
finance n. --adj _________
various adj.--- n. _______
compete v. -- n. ____________
intend v. --- n. _________
recognize v. --- n. ____________
decide v. --- n. ___________
explain v. --- n. ___________
explode v. -- n. _________
describe v. ---- n. __________
repeat v. -- n. ___________
divide v. --- n. _________
dramatic adj. -- adv. ____________
age n. ----adj._______
office n. ---adj._______
fail v. ------ n. ________
mix v. --- n. _________
behave v. ---n. _________
free adj.--n. _______ n.
genuine adj. ---adv. ____________
valid adj. ---adv._________
think v. -- n. ________
occupy v. --- n. ____________
satisfy v. --- n. _________
introduce v. -- n. _____________
solve v. -- n. ____________
social adj. --- n. _________
recommend v. -- n. _____________
strong adj. --n._________ ---- v. ________
class n. -- v. __________
simple adj.--adv. __________
pure adj.---v. _________
large adj. ----v. _________
invite v. ---- n. ___________
special adj.--adv.________
private adj.--n. ________
public adj.--adv. ________
weigh v. -- n. ________
high adj. ---n._______
distant adj.---n. ___________
wise adj. ----- n. ________
consume v. ---n. __________
submit v.----n._______
benefit --adj______
true---adv._____
gentle---adv. _______
extreme --adv. ________
fortunate ---adv. __________
severe --adv. ________
lucky ---adv. _______
hunger n. ----adj. ___________
consider adj. _________ adj.____________
adore---adj__________
