人教版（2019）必修第三册Unit4 Space Exploration 单词导学案（无答案）

UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Words and Expressions (导学案)　
教材原句p40 However，some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space.
1. determined adj. 有决心的；意志坚定的
搭配 be determined to do sth. 决心做某事
be determined that... 决心……
I’m determined to succeed.
【词语积累】
（1）determine v. 查明；确定；决定
determine to do sth. 决心做某事　
determine on（doing）sth. 决定（做）某事
determine sb. to do sth. 使某人下定决心做某事　
1. The policeman wanted to determine all the facts.
2. The amount of rainfall determines the quality of the crop.
3. Her encouragement determined me to carry on with the work.
（2）determination n. 决心；决定
with determination 坚决地
单句语法填空
（1）I have determined _____________ going to the countryside after graduating from college.
（2） He is _______________（determine）to take good care of his parents from now on.
（3） His advice determined me ______________（drink）and smoke no more.
（4） Helen was a strong girl and she finally achieved her dream with great____________（determine）.
（5） He himself determined ______________（give）his own life to the same cause.
完成句子
（6） He _____________________________（下定决心好好利用）this chance to learn more about the Chinese culture.
（7） Paul was fond of Chinese culture，so he ______________________（决定定居）in China.
教材原句p.40 ...they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earth’s gravity.
2. succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事
We succeeded in launching a campaign to call on people to protect the environment.
【归纳拓展】
（1）succeed sb. as... 接替某人担任……
succeed to sth. 继承（王位、财产等）
We wonder who will succeed Richard as chairman of our company after he retires.
When the duke dies，his eldest son will succeed to the title.
（2）success n.［U］成功；［C］成功的人（或事）
successful adj.（成功的）+-ly → successfully adv.（成功地）
单句语法填空
（1）He succeeded in ________（pass）the entrance examination and was admitted to Peking University.
（2） I’m sure that David is to succeed him ______________ chairman.
（3） According to the late King’s will，his second son will succeed ____________ the throne.
完成句子
（4） I never thought such a little child could ______________________（成功地解决）such a difficult problem.
教材原句p.41 These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
3. disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的
搭配
be disappointed in/with sb. 对某人失望
be disappointed at/about sth. 对某事/ 物失望
be disappointed to do sth. 对做某事感到失望
I was completely disappointed to hear that he had given up his adventure.
【词语积累】
disappoint vt. 使……失望　
disappointing adj. 令人失望的
disappointment n. 失望　　
to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
The disappointing news that he failed the exam made him very disappointed.
单句语法填空
（1）We were really _______________（disappoint） at the hotel when we got there—it was nothing like the description in the brochure.
（2）We were expecting to win，so a draw（平局）was a ____________（disappoint）result for us.
（3）To my __________（disappoint），his behaviour caused some misunderstanding between us.
（4）The teacher is disappointed ___________Tony’s attitude towards study.
（5） The fans were disappointed ___________ the film star when they learned some negative news about him.
（6） The workers were disappointed ____________（find）that they couldn’t understand the instructions on the machine.
4. desire n. 渴望；欲望 vt. 渴望；期望
搭配
（have）a desire to do（有）做……的渴望
（have）a desire for（有）做……的渴望
desire to do... 渴望做……
The boy has a strong desire for knowledge.
We always desire to live in peace with our neighbours.
【误区警示】
“ desire that + 主语 +（should+）动词原形”表示“希望……”desire 后的主语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略。
The president desired that you（should） visit him next week.
【归纳拓展】
后跟名词性从句，从句谓语用“（should+） 动词原形”的动词：
一个“坚持”（insist）；
两道“命令”（order，command）；
四条“建议”（suggest，propose，advise，recommend）；
五点“要求”（demand，desire，request，require，urge）。
单句语法填空
（1）He desires ____________（join）the army and devote himself to the country.
（2）Fashion is a competitive and hard business where people’s desire _____________ new ideas is hard to satisfy.
（3） Several people have expressed a desire ___________（see）the report.
（4）At yesterday’s meeting，the manager desired that the project ___________________(finish) on time.
完成句子
（5） He ___________________________（希望她去） and see him at once.
（6） It is requested that _____________________________（ 玛丽和我们待在一起） for the weekend.
教材原句p.41 ...people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration...
5. carry on 继续做，坚持干
搭配
carry on sth. 从事某事
carry on with sth. 继续某事
carry on doing sth. 继续做某事
They still carried on in spite of the difficult conditions.
He carried on a bookstore in the town.
He carried on working as if nothing had happened.
【归纳拓展】
carry out 进行；贯彻；执行；实施 carry through 顺利实现
单句语法填空
（1）Having read stories of Lin Qiaozhi，the girl was determined to carry ________________ with her good work.
（2） If you make a promise，it should be carried _______________.
（3） We must carry on _______________（hope） for the best.
用carry 短语的适当形式填空
（4）The team will have to _______________ without Professor Smith.
（5）He gave himself a new name to hide his identity when he went to _____________the secret task.
（6） Although faced with so many difficulties，they still____________ their research.
教材原句p.41 China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into
space in 2003...
6. independently adv. 独立地；自立地
【词语积累】
independent adj. 独立的；自立的
be independent of 不依赖……；独立于……之外
independence n. 独立 independence from 独立于
dependence n. 依赖，依靠
depend on 依靠；信赖；取决于
be dependent on 依赖；取决于
　单句语法填空
（1） Not only my spoken English，but also my ability to live________________（independent）has been improved a lot.
（2） Susan wanted to be independent ______________ her parents. She tried living alone，but she didn’t like it and moved back home.
（3） A study abroad program can teach students___________（independent） and important life skills.
完成句子
（4） Now that you have grown up，you should ______________（不依赖）your parents.
教材原句p.41 If there is a mistake during the launch，it can lead to an accident...
7. lead to 引起，导致；通向，通往（to 是介词）
In given conditions，a bad thing can lead to good results.
This road leads to the park.
【归纳拓展】
以介词to 结尾的动词短语：
adapt /adjust to 适应
look forward to 盼望；期待
get down to 开始认真考虑
devote...to 致力于；奉献于
be addicted to 对……上瘾
be/get/become used/accustomed to 习惯于
单句语法填空
（1）Many of these chemicals can lead ____________ cancer or other illnesses.
（2）The new evidence led to him ____________（arrest）by the police.
翻译句子
（3） 俗话说，条条大路通罗马。
__________________________________________
(4) 过量的工作和过少的休息经常会引起疾病。 _
_______________________________________________
8. be curious about 对……感到好奇
Don’t be too curious about things you are not supposed to know.
【归纳拓展】
（1） be curious to do sth. 很想做某事
It is/was curious that... ……是奇怪的。
I am curious to know when they will set off.
It is curious that no one（should） have noticed his presence.
（2）curiously adv. 好奇地
curiosity n. 好奇；好奇心
with curiosity 好奇地
out of curiosity 出于好奇
单句语法填空
（1）The little kids are curious ______________ everything around them and eager to know about it.
（2） People were curious _____________（know）how Peter would deal with the matter.
（3） The children looked at me ______________（curious），asking where I came from.
（4） Filled with ______________（ curious），the artist packed his bags and left.
9. keen adj. 热衷的；渴望的；敏锐的
搭配
be keen（for sb.） to do sth. 渴望（某人）做某事
be keen on（doing）sth. 热衷于（做）某事
take a keen interest in sth.非常热衷于
Father is keen for my brother to study law.
He is not very keen on jazz.
【词语积累】
keenly adv. 强烈地；（观察）敏锐地
keenness n. 渴望；热衷
单句语法填空
（1）There was a time when my daughter was keen ____________ pop music.
（2）The young player is keen ___________（ win）a gold medal in the Olympic Games.
完成句子
（3）When Jackson was young，he_______________________（非常热衷于） adventure.
10. lack n. & vt.
（1）n. 缺乏；短缺
搭配
the lack of... 缺乏……
a lack of 缺少
for/because of/through lack of 因为缺乏……
The lack of a good education may prevent you from seeking a good job.
Stress and tiredness often result in a lack of concentration.
She can’t go to the party for lack of a proper dress.
（2）vt. 没有；缺乏
We never lack food and clothing if we’re willing to work.
【误区警示】
（ 1）lack 作动词时，是及物动词，其后直接接宾语；lack 作名词时，其后接介词of。
（ 2）lacking是形容词，表示“没有，缺乏，不足”，构成搭配：be lacking in... 缺乏……
None of his plans ever comes through because he is lacking in determination.
单句语法填空
（1）The headmaster said that_____________ lack of money was a great challenge.
（2） This evening newspaper is_______________（lack）in analytical articles.
（3） My father looks quite tired _____________ lack of sleep.
（4）A diet lacking ________________nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.
完成句子
（5） Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and ________________（缺乏锻炼）.
11. figure out 弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白；计算（数量或成本）
I can’t figure out why he is absent.
I have figured out how much during the week I spent.
【归纳拓展】
figure in 把……列入计算 figure that... 认为……
【归纳拓展】
“v.+out”短语归纳：
break out（战争、灾难等）爆发；发生
bring out 使显出；出版；生产
give out 分发；用完；耗尽；发出（热、光等）
come out 出现；出版；结果是
make out 勉强看见、听出；理解；弄清楚
look out/watch out 当心；留神
turn out 制造；生产；最后是；结果是
work out 算出；想出；制订出；锻炼；解决；产生结果；被证明有效 　
写出下列句中figure out 的含义
（1）Please help me to figure out my income tax. 　　　　　_______________　　　
（2） I can’t figure out why he gave up the well paid job. 　 _______________　　
单句语法填空
（3） I forgot to figure ___________ our travel expenses in the account.
（4） I couldn’t figure ______________ what made our boss so angry at the meeting.
用含out 的动词短语填空
（5）When the Second World War _______________，my grandfather was at university.
（6）When we climbed to the top of Mount Tai，my legs ______________.
（7）It was so foggy that the driver could hardly ____________ the way ahead.
12. intelligent adj. 有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的；智能的
Usually，human beings are much more intelligent than animals.
【词语积累】
intelligence n. 智力；聪明；智能
a person of high/low intelligence 智力高/ 低的人　
a person of average/normal intelligence 具有平均/ 正常智力水平的人
artificial intelligence 人工智能（AI）
单句语法填空
（1）He believes that all children are born with equal__________（intelligent）.
（2）When robots become extremely_____________ （intelligence）one day，what will happen to our earth
完成句子
（3） Susan is a woman __________________（具有高智力的） who knows her own mind.
（4） The first part of the robot’s name，the letters AI，is short for ________________　 　　　　　（人工智能）.
13. argue vt. & vi. 论证；争辩；争论
搭配
argue with sb. about/over sth. 与某人争论某事
argue for 为支持……而争辩
argue against 为反对……而争辩；不赞成
argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 说服某人做某事/ 不做某事
They argued with each other about whether they should spend all their savings on the wedding.
Many committee members argued for changing the rules.
Father argued against an increase in our pocket money.
We argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.
【词语辨析】argue与 debate
（1）argue 侧重“说理”“论证”和“企图说服”。
（2）debate 侧重“双方各抒己见”，内含“交锋”的意思。
【词语积累】
argument n. 争论；争吵；论点
have an argument with sb. 与某人争论/ 争吵
have an argument about/over sth. 为某事争论/ 争吵
an argument for/against... 支持/ 反对……的论据/ 理由
单句语法填空
（1）Tom has been arguing _______________ his brother about whether they should hire more people to work for them.
（2）Robert argued _____________ shooting creatures to make profits.
（3） Most teachers argued _____________ an increase in their salaries.
（4） You should solve the problem by ________________（ argue），not by fight.
辨析填空（argue/debate）
（5）Many experts had _______________ for the Three Gorges Water Conservancy Project for many years before it started.
（6） Last Friday，we________________ whether students should use their smartphones on weekdays at school.
14. make a difference 对……产生影响；有意义
I volunteer because I want to not just see the world，but make a difference to it.
【归纳拓展】
make a big/great difference（to）（对……）产生很大的影响
make no/little difference（to）（对……）无影响；无关紧要
It makes no difference to sb. whether... or not... 是否……对某人没有影响。
单句语法填空
（1） Whatever you can do can make a ____________ (different）.
（2） What she says will make no difference____________ our plan.
完成句子
（3） It ______________________（对你没有影响），but it does to me.
15. result in 导致；造成
The quarrel resulted in the ending of their marriage.
The flood resulted in a considerable reduction in production.
【学法点拨】
result in（=lead to=contribute to）导致，引起（其后接结果）
result from（=lie in）由……引起，在于（其后接原因）
完成句子
（1）The fire____________（造成） damage to their property.
（2）His great discovery _____________（缘于）his determination and devotion to science.
（3）Stress and tiredness often _______________（导致）a lack of concentration.
一句多译
他的失败是工作不够努力造成的。
（4）____________________________________________
（5）______________________________________________
16. a number of 许多的，大量的
A great number of problems have arisen.
【误区警示】
a number of（许多的，大量的）+ 可数名词复数+ 复数谓语
the number of（……的数量）+ 可数名词复数+ 单数谓语
【一言助记】
If you want to be number one，you must be better than a number of students in your school. The number of these students is at least one thousand. Moreover，you should have a good memory and keep in mind a great number of phone numbers，door numbers，etc.
单句语法填空
（1） An increasing number of students __________（ be）choosing to go abroad to study every year.
（2）A large number of people _____________（ be）fluent English speakers，and the number of people learning English __________（be）increasing rapidly.
（3） Up to now，a large number of new houses ___________（build）for those who lost their homes in the terrible earthquake.
完成句子
（4）_________________（大量的）soldiers were sent to rescue the people trapped in the earthquake.
17. as a result 所以；结果（是）
It hasn’t rained for months. As a result，we have to water the vegetable garden.
As a result of the pilots’ strike，all flights had to be cancelled.
【词语辨析】as a result 与 as a result of
（1）as a result“所以；结果（是）”，单独使用，一般放在句首，后面常加逗号。
（2）as a result of“作为……的结果，由于”，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
单句语法填空
（1）A car crash happened last night. As ____result，two passengers died.
（2）The game resulted __________ another victory for our team.
辨析填空（as a result/as a result of ）
（3）He had some bad fish. _______________，he felt ill this morning.
（4）He can’t take part in the sports meeting ______________his serious injuries in an accident.
18. provide for sb. 提供生活所需
He was very poor because he had to provide for five children.
【归纳拓展】
provide for sth. 为……做好准备 provide sb. with sth. 把某物提供给某人
provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
1. The painting provides us with one of the earliest examples of the use of perspective.
2. Can you provide accommodation for thirty people
【学法点拨】
向某人提供某物 offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb.
supply sb. with sth. =supply sth. to sb.
单句语法填空
（1） My father provides _____________ our family by working in an IT company.
（2）We are here to provide the public ______________ a service.
一句多译
父母应该为他们的孩子们提供一个良好的教育。
（3） _____________________________________________________ （provide）
（4） _____________________________________________________ （offer）
（5） _____________________________________________________ （supply）
教材原句p.45 It is necessary to find a new home for people in space，as the resources on Earth will run out.
19. run out 用完，耗尽（不及物动词短语，不用于被动语态）
It looks as if petrol will run out faster than coal.
He ran himself out in the first few circles.
【归纳拓展】
run out of 用完，耗尽（及物动词短语，有被动语态）
use up 用完，用尽（及物动词短语）
give out 用完，用尽（不及物动词短语）
【一言助记】
Her money has run out and she is also running out of patience.
单句语法填空
（1）We must take measures quickly because time is running _______.
（2） He has run out ___________ all the energy.
（3） He has used ____________all the money his parents gave him.
（4）After so long a walk，all his strength gave _________.
一句多译
他们的补给用完了。
（5） They ____________________________________.
（6） Their supplies _____________________________.
20. attach vt. 系；绑；贴；与……有关联；认为有重要性
搭配
attach... to... 把……固定在/ 附在……上
attach（great/little）importance/significance/value/weight to
认为……（很有/ 几乎没有）重要性/ 意义/ 价值/ 分量
I attach a copy of my notes for your information.
Please attach these labels to your hand luggage.
We should attach importance to the use of the verbs when we learn a foreign language.
【词语积累】
attachment n. 附属；附着；依恋
attached adj. 附加的；附属的；依恋的
be attached to 喜欢；附属于；为……工作
This middle school is attached to a normal college.
【误区警示】
以上 attach 短语中的 to 均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
单句语法填空
（1）Attach a recent photo _________the application form.
（2） We’ve grown very ____________（attach）to this village and won’t want to move.
（3）To be honest，a lot of people attach great importance to____________（become）rich and famous.
（4） The __________（attach） of the new engine to the car only took a few minutes.
完成句子
（5） My youngest brother ____________（喜欢） collecting rocket models.
（6） The school______________（附属于） Beijing Normal University.
（7） I _________________________________________（不把……当回事儿） these rumours.
教材原句p.41 This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration...
【句式分析】本句是一个复合句。句中的 because 引导的是表语从句。
It/This/That is/was because... 意为“它/ 这/ 那是因为……”，because 引导表语从句，后接原因。
21. This is because... 这是因为……
1. She is always unhappy. This is because she is rather demanding.
2. I’m all wet under the rain. This is because I forgot to bring an umbrella with me this afternoon.
【学法点拨】
（1）This is why + 结果
（2）This is because + 原因
（3）The reason is that + 原因
单句语法填空
（1） He fell asleep during the lecture. This was ___________ he got bored with it.
（2） The reason why Henry missed the bus was _____________ he got up late.
（3） Alice was too careless. That is ____________ she failed the examination.
完成句子
（4） From space，the earth looks blue. ________________（这是因为）about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
（5）He admitted that his father was strict with him. ______________（那就是为什么）he made so many achievements.
教材原句p.42 ...it would take over two years to get to the closest planet，Mars，and back.
【句式分析】句型It takes sb. some time to do sth. 表示“花费某人一些时间做某事”。句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语。
22. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人一些时间做某事。
It takes kids some time to develop good habits.
【归纳拓展】
人+ spend + 金钱/ 时间+ on sth./doing sth.
人+ pay + 金钱+ for + 物
事/ 物+ cost + 人+ 金钱
1. Every day I spend half an hour online talking with my penfriend about my life.
2. She paid 5，000 yuan for the portable computer.
3. The alarm clock cost me five dollars.
单句语法填空
（1） It will take nearly 20 years ___________（ bring）the fish’s population back to strong levels.
（2） Jane Goodall spent more than fifty years__________（study）the chimps.
（3）_________ took the workers less than nine years to complete the world’s longest bridge.
（4） How much did you pay _________ the tickets
句型转换
（5）The clever boy spent only five minutes working out the difficult question.
→__________ the clever boy only five minutes ___________ the difficult question.