专题05 应用文写作（第07期）-2024届江苏高考模拟试题分项汇编
书信写作（2024·江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期教学情况调研（一））
假定你是李华，下个月你准备参加主题为“中华文化世界影响力”的学校创意短视频大赛，目前缺一些素材，请写一封邮件给你的英国笔友John求助。内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 素材要求。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear John，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear John，
There’ll be a short video contest themed the worldwide influence of Chinese traditional culture next month in my school. I intend to take part in it. Would you please provide some related materials for me In these videos, you may show scenes of local people learning Chinese kung fu, traditional Chinese musical instruments and so on. You may also record people enjoying Chinese cuisine or seeing a doctor of Traditional Chinese Medicine. I’ll be grateful for any help you can offer.
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的求助信。要求考生给自己的英国笔友John写一封邮件，希望其提供一些素材，以帮助自己参加主题为“中华文化世界影响力”的学校创意短视频大赛。
1.词汇积累
打算：intend to→ plan to
参加：take part in → participate in
相关的：related → relevant
感激的：grateful→ thankful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：There’ll be a short video contest themed the worldwide influence of Chinese traditional culture next month in my school.
拓展句：There’ll be a short video contest which is themed the worldwide influence of Chinese traditional culture next month in my school.
【点睛】【高分句型1】In these videos, you may show scenes of local people learning Chinese kung fu, traditional Chinese musical instruments and so on.（运用了非谓语动词担当后置定语）
【高分句型2】I’ll be grateful for any help you can offer.（运用了省略关系代词的定语从句）
书信写作（2024·江苏省连云港市高三下学期二模）
假如你是李华。你的英国朋友Ryan来信了解你校英语校本课程（the English language school-based curriculum）开设情况。请你用英语写一封回信。内容包括：
1.课程简介；
2.开设情况；
3.学生反响。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ryan,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ryan,
Glad to hear from you. Learning that you’re concerned about the English language school-based curriculum in our school, I’d like to give you a brief introduction.
Our curriculum is module-based with age-appropriate themes and topics that match with pupils’ development stages. Various reading booklets have been developed over the years, from elective modules in the senior forms to enhancement courses. They are available every Friday afternoon with an active involvement of the students.
The students now pay more attention to communicating and cultural skills in the language rather than focus on test-oriented learning.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Ryan介绍你校英语校本课程的开设情况。
1.词汇积累
课程：curriculum/ course→lesson
参与：involvement→engagement
集中：focus on→concentrate on
各种各样的：various→a variety of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Various reading booklets have been developed over the years, from elective modules in the senior forms to enhancement courses.
拓展句：Various reading booklets have been developed over the years, which include elective modules in the senior forms and enhancement courses.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] Learning that you’re concerned about the English language school-based curriculum in our school, I’d like to give you a brief introduction. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2] Our curriculum is module-based with age-appropriate themes and topics that match with pupils’ development stages. (运用了that引导定语从句)
书信写作（2024·江苏省南通市徐州市高三2月决胜新高考大联考）
假如你是李华，你的美国用友Mike来信说他暑假去上海旅游，但不知道参观哪些景点，请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 为他做出旅游规划建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右，开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mike,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mike,
I am thrilled to hear that you’ll visit Shanghai this summer holiday! Located in the east of China, Shanghai is a charming city known for its beautiful landscapes and warm hospitality. There are many places of interest that are worth visiting, such as Huangpu River, The Oriental Pearl Tower and so on. Besides, I highly recommend that you try some local snacks. Given the hot weather of Shanghai in summer, taking some measures to protect yourself from the sun is highly advisable.
If there’s anything specific you’d like to know, please feel free to contact me. I’ll be more than happy to help.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给准备暑假来上海旅游的美国朋友Mike写封回信，给他一些游玩建议。
1.词汇积累
激动的：thrilled→excited
吸引人的：charming→attractive
因……而出名：be known for→be famous for
此外：besides → what’s more
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Given the hot weather of Shanghai in summer, taking some measures to protect yourself from the sun is highly advisable.
拓展句：Given the hot weather of Shanghai in summer, it is advisable that you should take some measures to protect yourself from the sun.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I am thrilled to hear that you’ll visit Shanghai this summer holiday!（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】There are many places of interest that are worth visiting, such as Huangpu River, The Oriental Pearl Tower and so on.（运用了that引导的定语从句）
书信写作（2024·江苏省如皋市高三2月高考适应性考试）
假如你是李华，你校将举办十八岁成人仪式，请代表学生会出一则通知，内容包括：
1．活动时间、地点；
2．活动流程；
3．注意事项。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
3.参考词汇： 十八岁成人仪式18-year-old adult ceremony
Notice
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to this special day with all of you.
Students’ Union
【答案】Notice
Dear fellow students,
I’m delighted to announce the upcoming 18-year-old adult ceremony (coming-of-age ceremony), a momentous occasion that marks our transition into adulthood.
The ceremony is to be held at 2 p.m. this Saturday at the school hall. It will begin with a warm welcome from our school leadership. Then we will watch a video of our highlights in the past three years and be issued our adulthood certificates, after which a student representative will share insights from his life journey. In the end, we will take a collective oath, reminding us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society.
Please arrive promptly in your school uniforms, ready to embrace this momentous milestone.
Looking forward to this special day with all of you.
Students’ Union
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生代表学生会写一则通知，告知同学们学校将举办十八岁成人仪式。内容包括：1.活动时间、地点；2.活动流程；3.注意事项。
1.词汇积累
高兴的：delighted→happy/glad
重大的：momentous → important/significant
举行：be held→take place
准时的：promptly→ on time/as scheduled
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In the end, we will take a collective oath, reminding us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society.
拓展句：In the end, we will take a collective oath, which should remind us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Then we will watch a video of our highlights in the past three years and be issued our adulthood certificates, after which a student representative will share insights from his life journey.（运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】In the end, we will take a collective oath, reminding us of our commitment to the personal growth and contributions to society.（运用了现在分词作定语）
书信写作（2024·江苏省泰州市高三一模）
假定你是李华，你校下周将举行英语艺术节汇报演出。请你给目前在你校学习的交换生David写一封邮件，邀请他担任主持人，内容包括：
1. 活动时间、地点;
2. 活动安排;
3. 期盼参加。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【参考范文】
Dear David,
I hope this email finds you well. I want to personally invite you to be the host of our upcoming English Art Festival at our school next week.
The event will take place on next Friday in school concert hall, which is an exciting opportunity for students to showcase their talents and skills in English. The schedule for the event includes various performances such as singing, dancing, and drama.
We are really looking forward to your participation as the host. Please let me know if you are able to accept this invitation.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。学校下周将举行英语艺术节汇报演出，要求考生给在校学习的交换生David写一封邮件，邀请他担任主持人。
1.词汇积累
希望：hope→wish/expect
举办：take place → hold/launch
活动：event→activity
各种各样的：various→ a variety of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I want to personally invite you to be the host of our upcoming English Art Festival at our school next week.
拓展句：I want to personally invite you to be the host of our upcoming English Art Festival at our school next week, which will be our great honor.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The event will take place on next Friday in school concert hall, which is an exciting opportunity for students to showcase their talents and skills in English. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Please let me know if you are able to accept this invitation.（运用了if引导条件状语从句）
书信写作（2024·江苏省宿迁市高三一模）
上周你校开展了为期两天的运动会。请你以“A Memorable Sports Meeting”为题，给校英文报写一篇新闻报道，内容包括：
1.活动目的;
2.活动流程;
3.活动感受。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Memorable Sports Meeting
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
A Memorable Sports Meeting
To build up our body and increase our enthusiasm for sports, our school sports meeting was held in our playground last week.
More than 200 participants were involved in the sports meeting. They took an active part in every event. Zhang Qiang, a boy in Grade One, jumped highest of all. A team of Grade Three who were very strong ran very fast and won the boy’s 400-metre relay race. Besides, all the other students cheered for the athletes in their class.
In turned out to be a great success. Not only is this school sports meeting of great benefit to our health but it also enriches our school life.
【解析】本篇书面表达是一篇应用文。要求考生写一篇短文，介绍上周学校举行的运动会，描述活动目的、活动流程、活动感受。
1. 词汇积累
热情：enthusiasm→passion/ardour
参与：be involved in→be engaged in
此外：besides→in addition
对……非常有益：be of great benefit to→be beneficial to
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：More than 200 participants were involved in the sports meeting. They took an active part in every event.
拓展句：More than 200 participants were involved in the sports meeting, who took an active part in every event.
【点睛】【高分句型1】A team of Grade Three who were very strong ran very fast and won the boys’ 400-metre relay race.（运用了who引导定语从句）
【高分句型2】Not only is this school sports meeting of great benefit to our health but it also enriches our school life.（运用了not only... but also...结构连接并列句，且使用了部分倒装结构）
（2024·江苏省无锡市四校高三调研）假设你是李华，是一名国际学校的高中生，在你校举行的成人礼上你作为学生代表发言。请你用英语写一份发言稿，内容包括：
1.表达感恩；
2.担起责任；
3.畅想未来。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答；
3.参考词汇：成人礼—the Coming-Of-Age Rite。
Dear teachers, parents and fellow guys,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear teachers, parents and fellow guys,
It is a great honor for me to deliver a speech at the Coming-Of-Age Rite.
On behalf of my fellow guys, I’d like to express gratitude to our parents, who go through hardships in bringing us up, and to our teachers who equip us with knowledge. We will take on the responsibilities as a student, working hard to enter our dream universities.
In the future, we hope to be the backbone of our country and make China more powerful.
That’s all for my speech. Thank you for your kind attention!
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语写一份发言稿，在你校举行的成人礼上你作为学生代表发言。
1.词汇积累
发表演讲：deliver a speech →give a speech
表达：express→ convey
感激：gratitude → appreciation
责任：responsibility →duty
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In the future, we hope to be the backbone of our country and make China more powerful.
拓展句：In the future, we hope that we will be the backbone of our country and make China more powerful.
【点睛】【高分句型1】On behalf of my fellow guys, I’d like to express gratitude to our parents, who go through hardships in bringing us up, and to our teachers who equip us with knowledge.（运用了who引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】We will take on the responsibilities as a student, working hard to enter our dream universities.（运用了现在分词作状语）
（2024·江苏省南通市海安市高三开学考试）假如你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿。请你结合下面的名人名言(famous quote): “I don’t know what ‘home’ is, but unhappiness and worries melt away once there.” (From Bing Xin)，写一篇题为“My Understanding of Home”的征文。
内容包括：
1. 你对该名言的理解；
2. 举例说明你的观点。
要求：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
My Understanding of Home
Bing Xin once said, “I don’t know what ‘home’ is, but unhappiness and worries melt away once there.”
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
My Understanding of Home
Bing Xin once said, “I don’t know what ‘home’ is, but unhappiness and worries melt away once there.”
In my view, families come in all shapes and sizes, but they all share one thing in common: love. A strong family bond can provide a sense of security, support and belonging, which are essential for our well-being.
Last year, I experienced a series of challenges in my life, which made me upset. When I went home sadly, my parents were concerned about me and asked me the reason for my bad emotion. I told them the challenges I experienced. With their help, I could get over the difficulties and felt happy again.
In a word, love can bring our family closer together.
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇题为“My Understanding of Home”的征文。
1.词汇积累
克服：get over→overcome
总之：in a word→in short
担心：be concerned about→be worried about
重要的：essential→vital
2.句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：With their help, I could get over the difficulties and felt happy again.
拓展句：Without their help, I wouldn’t have got over the difficulties and felt happy again.
【点睛】[高分句型1] A strong family bond can provide a sense of security, support and belonging, which are essential for our well-being. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] When I went home sadly, my parents were concerned about me and asked me the reason for my bad emotion. (运用了when引导时间状语从句)
书信写作（2024·江苏省南京市高三六校联考）
假定你是学生会主席李华, 本周五下午，校学生会将邀请吴教授在校报告厅做“航天强国”专题讲座。请你写一则活动通知，发布在校英文网站上，内容包括:
1. 讲座的目的和主题;
2. 主讲人和讲座内容简介;
3. 注意事项。
注意: 写作词数应为 80 左右。
Notice
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
【参考范文】One possible version
Notice
As planned, a lecture with the theme of “Space Power” will be held to raise our national pride. We also hope it will enrich our campus life and broaden our knowledge.
Mr Wu, a professor from Beihang University, will briefly introduce the history of China’s space industry. Afterwards, some achievements in the area will be listed. Finally, he will answer questions from the audience.
The lecture will be held at 2 p.m. this Friday in the school hall/school lecture hall. All the students are welcome and while attending the lecture , every student should be quiet and take notes if necessary.
The Students Union
【解析】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一则“航天强国”专题讲座活动通知。
1.词汇积累
演讲：lecture→speech
举行：hold→host
参加：attend→take part in
最后：finally→at last
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Mr Wu, a professor from Beihang University, will briefly introduce the history of China’s space industry.
拓展句：Mr Wu, who is a professor from Beihang University, will briefly introduce the history of China’s space industry.
【点睛】
[高分句型1] We also hope it will enrich our campus life and broaden our knowledge. (运用了省略that的宾语从句)
[高分句型2] All the students are welcome and while attending the lecture , every student should be quiet and take notes if necessary. (运用了状语从句的省略)
（2024·江苏省扬州市高邮市高三开学考试）假定你是李华，即将参加学校举行的英语演讲比赛。命题演讲环节要求你讲解旅游对青少年的好处，请你写一篇演讲稿。 内容包括：
1. 成为热门趋势;
2. 对学生的好处;
3. 号召积极参与。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Honourable judges:
Travelling on holidays has become a fashion nowadays.
Traveling undoubtedly does more good than harm to us. Firstly, it is one of the best means of learning since you can never get an accurate picture of something until you see it for yourself. Besides, you can learn about the geography, biology, and history of the places you visit. The knowledge acquired from travel is no less valuable than that from any influential reference book.
Please join us in travelling which can help us feel fresh, energetic and ready to face any challenges in our lives.
Thanks for your listening !
【解析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一篇关于“解旅游对青少年的好处”的演讲稿，参加学校的英语演讲比赛。
1.词汇积累
除此之外：besides→in addition
获得：acquire→gain
精确的：accurate →precise
帮助某人：help sb.→give sb. a hand
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Travelling on holidays has become a fashion nowadays.
拓展句：Travelling on holidays has become a fashion nowadays, which is loved by many young people.
【点睛】【高分句型1】 Firstly, it is one of the best means of learning since you can never get an accurate picture of something until you see it for yourself. （运用了since引导的原因状语从句）
【高分句型2】 Please join us in travelling which can help us feel fresh, energetic and ready to face any challenges in our lives.(运用了which引导的限定性定语从句）专题05 应用文写作（第07期）-2024届江苏高考模拟试题分项汇编
书信写作（2024·江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三下学期教学情况调研（一））
假定你是李华，下个月你准备参加主题为“中华文化世界影响力”的学校创意短视频大赛，目前缺一些素材，请写一封邮件给你的英国笔友John求助。内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 素材要求。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear John，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
书信写作（2024·江苏省连云港市高三下学期二模）
假如你是李华。你的英国朋友Ryan来信了解你校英语校本课程（the English language school-based curriculum）开设情况。请你用英语写一封回信。内容包括：
1.课程简介；
2.开设情况；
3.学生反响。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Ryan,
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
书信写作（2024·江苏省南通市徐州市高三2月决胜新高考大联考）
假如你是李华，你的美国用友Mike来信说他暑假去上海旅游，但不知道参观哪些景点，请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 表示欢迎；
2. 为他做出旅游规划建议。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右，开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mike,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
书信写作（2024·江苏省如皋市高三2月高考适应性考试）
假如你是李华，你校将举办十八岁成人仪式，请代表学生会出一则通知，内容包括：
1．活动时间、地点；
2．活动流程；
3．注意事项。
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2．可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
3.参考词汇： 十八岁成人仪式18-year-old adult ceremony
Notice
Dear fellow students,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Looking forward to this special day with all of you.
Students’ Union
书信写作（2024·江苏省泰州市高三一模）
假定你是李华，你校下周将举行英语艺术节汇报演出。请你给目前在你校学习的交换生David写一封邮件，邀请他担任主持人，内容包括：
1. 活动时间、地点;
2. 活动安排;
3. 期盼参加。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
书信写作（2024·江苏省宿迁市高三一模）
上周你校开展了为期两天的运动会。请你以“A Memorable Sports Meeting”为题，给校英文报写一篇新闻报道，内容包括：
1.活动目的;
2.活动流程;
3.活动感受。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Memorable Sports Meeting
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（2024·江苏省无锡市四校高三调研）假设你是李华，是一名国际学校的高中生，在你校举行的成人礼上你作为学生代表发言。请你用英语写一份发言稿，内容包括：
1.表达感恩；
2.担起责任；
3.畅想未来。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答；
3.参考词汇：成人礼—the Coming-Of-Age Rite。
Dear teachers, parents and fellow guys,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（2024·江苏省南通市海安市高三开学考试）假如你是李华，你校英文报正在征稿。请你结合下面的名人名言(famous quote): “I don’t know what ‘home’ is, but unhappiness and worries melt away once there.” (From Bing Xin)，写一篇题为“My Understanding of Home”的征文。
内容包括：
1. 你对该名言的理解；
2. 举例说明你的观点。
要求：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
My Understanding of Home
Bing Xin once said, “I don’t know what ‘home’ is, but unhappiness and worries melt away once there.”
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
书信写作（2024·江苏省南京市高三六校联考）
假定你是学生会主席李华, 本周五下午，校学生会将邀请吴教授在校报告厅做“航天强国”专题讲座。请你写一则活动通知，发布在校英文网站上，内容包括:
1. 讲座的目的和主题;
2. 主讲人和讲座内容简介;
3. 注意事项。
注意: 写作词数应为 80 左右。
Notice
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The Students’ Union
（2024·江苏省扬州市高邮市高三开学考试）假定你是李华，即将参加学校举行的英语演讲比赛。命题演讲环节要求你讲解旅游对青少年的好处，请你写一篇演讲稿。 内容包括：
1. 成为热门趋势;
2. 对学生的好处;
3. 号召积极参与。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为 80 左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
