牛津译林版(2019) 必修 第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world单词变形,短语,句型,语法练习重难点易错题精练(含解析)

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名称 牛津译林版(2019) 必修 第三册Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world单词变形,短语,句型,语法练习重难点易错题精练(含解析)
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Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World
重点单词变形,短语,句型,语法练习
重点单词词组
1. n.变化物;变体;差异;变动→ vt.&vi.使多样化;变化→ adj.不同的;各种各样的→ n.变化;多样性
2. adv.官方地;正式地→ adj.官方的;正式的;公务的
3. vt.将……分类;把……归入一类→ n. 分类;归类
4. adj.稀有的;罕见的;不常发生的→ adv. 很少;罕有地
5. adj.反对的;敌对的;相反的→ vt.反对
6. adj.令人沮丧的;让人忧愁的→ adj.沮丧的→ n.沮丧;不高兴
7. vt. & n.估计;估算→ n.判断;评价;看法
8. adj.看得见的→ n.视力;视野
9. n.试验;审判;审理→ v.& n.试验;尝试
10. adj.系统化的;有条理的→ n.系统
11.benefit n.利益,好处;救济金vt.有益于,对……有益vi.受益,得益→ adj.有益的,有利的;可享利益的
12.contribution n.捐献;贡献;捐助;稿件→ v.捐献;是……的原因之一;撰稿→ n.捐款人;撰稿人
13.relief n.(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻,解除;减轻痛苦的事物→ vt.(危险、痛苦等)解除;减轻;缓解
14.look across 越过一些东西看远处的某样事物→look over →look through
15.earn vt.赚,挣得;获得→ n.所得,收入,工资
16.donate vt.捐赠;捐献vi.捐赠;捐献→donate to → adj.捐赠的→ n.捐款,捐赠物;捐赠
17.persuade vt.说服;劝说→ adj. 有说服力的;劝诱的,劝说的→ n. 说服;说服力→ adv. 令人信服地
18.difference n. 差异,不同之处→ adj. 不同的→make a difference →make no//little difference to…
习题跟踪训练
19.A good state of mind is (benefit) to your health both physically and mentally.
20. (absorb) in reading, he didn’t notice the situation.
21.A (contain) is a basic tool that can be used to store and transport objects or materials.
22.The sense of (responsible)for our country makes teenagers study harder.
23.If cancers are found early, there’s a high chance of (survive).
24.My parents are celebrating 30 years of (marry).
25.All students will be considered in spite of age, sex, background and (nation).
26.Martin Luther King fought for the (free) and equality of the black.
27.The new star refused to enter the hall (flood) with fans.
28.I need to talk to him about the job opening (advertise)in the local newspaper.
29.Wires convey (electric) from power stations to the users.
30.The policemen have questioned 3 persons (suspect) of stealing the money.
31.Zhuge Liang is a man of great (wise) in Chinese legend.
32.Tu Youyou has devoted her entire life to (science) research into artemisinin.
33.Once upon a time, there was a king who was very polite to (surround) countries living in a castle (surround)by tall trees and with wonderful (surround) .
34.You are all very (intelligence). Use your (intelligent) to achieve your dreams.
35.The climate here is (favour) to the growth of wheat but (favour) to the growth of rice.
36.I think he took for granted that he’d be re-elected and it came as a shock when he lost.
37.The great beasts are the ones that need the most (diverse) in their diet.
38.When she said some students cheated in the exam, she wasn’t referring you.
39.With the (apply) of the new material, our team should repair the statue successfully.
40.The GDP of that country decreased by 20% (compare) with 2019.
41.The drought worsened the wildlife’s chances of (survive) in Africa.
42.They asked what his plans were after (graduate).
43.As we all know, the cobra (眼镜蛇) is one of the world’s (die) snakes.
44.There’s no doubt that the consumers are still very (sense) to the price.
45.She hopes to get a job on the local newspaper and (eventual) works for ‘The Times’.
46.According to the latest survey, one in seven (accident) is caused by sleepy drivers.
47.Aspirin is a simple but highly (effect) treatment.
48.The (politics) is going to meet with people to talk about matters of common concern.
49.John Snow told the story about the (astonish) people in Broad Street.
50.If you work hard, your efforts will finally pay .(用适当的词填空)
51.The advertising agency has (sufficiency) budget to maintain its normal operation.
52. (alarm) by the noise, John and his roommates were woken up in the middle of the night.
53.Children often behave badly out of (ignore), so we should not be always hard on them.
54.If you do something accident, you don’t mean to do it, perhaps it is something you do or did without thinking.(用适当的词填空)
55.Many parents have (limit) knowledge about what a balanced diet is.
56.On the other hand, scientific (theory) cannot be predicted; they must be formulated and confirmed.
57. (encourage) by the teacher’s words, he went on with his research work.
58.A variety heavy industries grew up alongside the port. (用适当的词填空)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tu You you, 59 84 year-old scientist, became the first female Chinese 60 (win) a Nobel Prize in science on Oct, 5. She was born 61 30 December, 1930 in Zhejiang Province. In 1969, she 62 (choose) to establish a team to find a cure for malaria, but the lab 63 they worked in had poor air quality.
She first tried the medicine on herself, because she 64 (want) to make sure that it was safe. “As the head of the group, I had the responsibility.” The scientist spoke to CCTV about her work. Artemisinin is a gift for the world people. It has saved many people’s 65 (life). It comes from Chinese traditional medicine and now is a good way to treat malaria. Tu Youyou 66 (expect) Chinese medicine to help more people all over the world.
We can learn a lot from Tu Youyou. We should do something useful for people. If we want to be 67 (success), we should keep on 68 (work) hard with our group and never give up.
二、单词拼写
69. (打败) by his partner, the young man didn’t lose heart.
70.Under the bench, the cleaner found a black plastic bag (装满)with money.
71.After-school activities play a part when students (申请) to college.
72.At the tenth international Ballet Competitions, Lisa won the first gold medal ever (授奖) to an American male dancer.
73.I parked my car in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, where I could get my car battery (充电).
74. (吸引) in the game, these children didn’t feel hungry at all. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
75.Global warming is threatening the (生存) of wild animals.
76.When he opened his eyes, he found himself (包围) by a crowd of people.
77.In South Africa , 27 April is the day when everyone had the (自由) to vote despite color skin .
78.With (限制) access to this sites, Western scientists find it difficult to get enough research data.
79.The prices of goods, (购买)from the Internet, can be lower than those from commercial stores.
80.According to a report (发布) by an environmental research group, about one billion live in unplanned settlements. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
81.He displayed great (智慧;才智) in solving the problem.
82. (专注于) in his games, he didn’t notice that someone was walking in.
83.The brain chemicals (释放) during exercise improve a person’s mood and help those who are stressed out.
三、翻译
84.他现在致力于传统中医科学的研究。(apply)(汉译英)
85.全世界人民战胜病毒的那一天终将到来。(定语从句) (汉译英)
86.去年该国有四分之三的工人参加了这次罢工。(take part in) (汉译英)
87.这是第一种似乎对这种疾病有特殊疗效的药物。(定语从句) (汉译英)
88.她已经创造出了一种能令全世界的听众都感到快乐的音乐风格。(all over the world) (汉译英)
89.科学家们最近才得以进入该地区。(access to) (汉译英)
90.我们不认为人工智能最终会在各个方面取代人类。(eventually) (汉译英)
参考答案:
1. variation vary various variety 2. officially official 3. classify classification 4. rare rarely 5. opposed oppose 6. frustrating frustrated frustration 7. estimate estimation 8. visible vision 9. trial try 10. systematic system
【解析】1.考查名词、动词和形容词。名词“变化物;变体;差异;变动”是variation;动词“使多样化;变化”是vary;形容词“不同的;各种各样的”是various;名词“变化;多样性”是variety。故填variation;vary;various;variety。
2.考查副词和形容词。副词“官方地;正式地”为officially;形容词“官方的;正式的;公务的”为official。故填officially;official。
3.考查动词和名词。动词“将……分类;把……归入一类”为classify;名词“分类;归类”为classification。故填classify;classification。
4.考查形容词和副词。形容词“稀有的;罕见的;不常发生的”为rare;副词“很少;罕有地”为rarely。故填rare;rarely。
5.考查形容词和动词。形容词“反对的;敌对的;相反的”为opposed;动词“反对”为oppose。故填opposed;oppose。
6.考查形容词和名词。形容词“令人沮丧的;让人忧愁的”为frustrating;形容词“沮丧的”为frustrated;名词“沮丧;不高兴”为frustration。故填frustrating;frustrated;frustration。
7.考查动词和名词。动词和名词“估计;估算”为estimate;名词“判断;评价;看法”为estimation。故填estimate;estimation。
8.考查形容词和名词。形容词“看得见的”为visible;名词“视力;视野”为vision。故填visible;vision。
9.考查名词和动词。名词“试验;审判;审理”为trial;动词和名词“试验;尝试”为try。故填trial;try。
10.考查形容词和名词。形容词“系统化的;有条理的”为systematic;名词“系统”为system。故填systematic;system。
11.beneficial 12. contribute contributor 13.relieve 14. 检查,察看 (从头到尾)浏览;详尽核查 15.earnings 16. 赠予 donated donation 17. persuasive persuasion persuasively 18. different 对……有影响 对……没有/几乎没有影响
【解析】11.benefit可作名词意为“利益,好处;救济金”,还可作动词,意为“有益于,对……有益;受益,得益”,其形容词为beneficial。故填beneficial。
12.contribution 是名词,意为“捐献;贡献;捐助;稿件”,其动词为contribute。故第一个空填contribute。表示“撰稿人,捐款人”,用contributor,故第二个空填contributor。
13.relief 是名词,意为“(痛苦或忧虑的)减轻,解除;减轻痛苦的事物”,其动词为relieve。故填relieve。
14.look over意为“检查,察看”,故第一个空填“检查,察看”。look through意为“(从头到尾)浏览;详尽核查”,故第二个空填“(从头到尾)浏览;详尽核查”。
15.earn是动词,意为“.赚,挣得;获得”。其名词形式为“earnings”。故填earnings。
16.donate是动词,意为“捐赠;捐献”。donate to是固定短语,意为“赠与……”。故第一个空填donate to。其形容词形式为donated。故第二个空填donated。其名词形式为donation。故第三个空填donation。
17.persuade 是动词,意为“说服;劝说”。其形容词形式为“persuasive”,故第一个空填persuasive。其名词形式为“persuasion”,故第二个空填persuasion。其副词形式为“persuasively”,故第三个空填persuasively。
18.difference是名词,意为“差异,不同之处”。其形容词形式为“different”,故第一个空填different。make a difference是固定短语,意为“对……有影响”,故第二个空填make a difference。make no//little difference to…是固定短语,意为“对……没有/几乎没有影响”,故第三个空填“对……没有/几乎没有影响”。
19.beneficial
【详解】考查形容词。句意:良好的心态对你的身心健康都有好处。be beneficial to“对……有益处”为固定短语,形容词作表语。故填beneficial。
20.Absorbed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他全神贯注地看书,没有注意到这个情况。短语be absorbed in表示“专注于”,此处过去分词作状语。首字母大写。故填Absorbed。
21.container
【详解】考查名词。句意:容器是用来储存和运输物品或材料的基本工具。分析句子,设空处使用 contain的名词container作主语,意为“容器”。故填container。
22.responsibility
【详解】考查名词。句意:对国家的责任感使青少年更加努力学习。分析句子可知,空处放在介词of后,用名词作宾语,responsible对应的名词为responsibility。此处为抽象概念,不可数,故填responsibility。
23.survival
【详解】考查名词。句意:如果早期发现癌症,存活的机会就很大。分析句子可知,空处应为名词,作宾语;survival表示“存活、生存”,为不可数名词,符合句意。故填survival。
24.marriage
【详解】考查名词。句意:我父母正在庆祝结婚30周年。空前是介词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,marry的名词形式是marriage。故填marriage。
25.nationality
【详解】考查名词。句意:所有学生,不论年龄、性别、背景或国籍,都将被考虑。此处作宾语应用名词nationality,结合上文age, sex, background and可知应用单数。故填nationality。
26.freedom
【详解】考查名词。句意:马丁·路德·金为黑人的自由和平等而战。结合空前冠词及空后“and equality of the black”可知,空处用名词freedom,与“equality”并列,作宾语。故填freedom。
27.flooded
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:这位新星拒绝进入满是粉丝的大厅。句中已有谓语动词refused,空处是非谓语动词,动词flood“淹没”和hall逻辑上是动宾关系,应用其过去分词作后置定语。故填flooded。
28.advertised
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我想和他谈谈在当地报纸上登的职位空缺的事。根据谓语动词“need”可知,空处应为非谓语动词,作定语修饰名词短语“job opening”,并与其形成被动关系,表示“被登广告的职位空缺”,故应用过去分词。故填advertised。
29.electricity
【详解】考查名词。句意:电线把电从发电站输送给用户。作动词的宾语,应用名词electricity,不可数。故填electricity。
30.suspected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:警察审问了3个涉嫌偷钱的人。suspect是个及物动词,意思是“怀疑”,固定用法是“suspect sb. of sth.”,意思是“怀疑某人做了某事”。本句中已经存在谓语have questioned,所以suspect只能做非谓语动词;它的逻辑主语是persons,二者呈被动关系,所以它需要使用过去分词的形式,故答案是suspected。
31.wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意:诸葛亮在中国的传说中是一个有大智慧的人。本空应填不可数名词wisdom“智慧”,作of的宾语。故填wisdom。
32.scientific
【详解】考查形容词。句意:屠呦呦将她的一生都奉献给了青蒿素的科学研究。空处修饰名词“research”,应用形容词作定语,scientific“科学的”,形容词,故填scientific。
33. surrounding surrounded surroundings
【详解】考查形容词、非谓语动词和名词。句意:从前有一个国王,他对周围的国家很礼貌,他住在一座城堡里,周围有高大的树木和美妙的景环境。第一空应填形容词作定语,修饰名词countries,surrounding周围的,形容词;动词surround和castle之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语;最后一空应填名词,形容词后用名词作with的宾语,surroundings环境,名词。故填①surrounding②surrounded③surroundings。
34. intelligent intelligence
【详解】考查形容词和名词。句意:你们都很聪明。用你的智慧来实现你的梦想。第一空用形容词intelligent (聪明的)作表语,第二空用不可数名词intelligence (智慧)作宾语。故填①intelligent;②intelligence。
35. favourable unfavourable
【详解】考查形容词。句意:这里的气候有利于小麦的生长,但不利于水稻的生长。根据句意及所给句子可知,第一空用形容词favourable (有利的)作表语,第二空用形容词unfavourable (不利的)作表语。故填①favourable;②unfavourable。
36.it
【详解】考查固定句型。句意:我想他认为自己会再次当选是理所当然的,但当他失败时,他感到震惊。take it for granted that是固定句型,意为“想当然……”,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是that从句,故填it。
37.diversity
【详解】考查名词。句意:大型动物的饮食最需要多样化。此处应用名词diversity作宾语,表示“多样性”,为不可数名词,故填diversity。
38.to
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:当她说有些学生考试作弊时,她指的不是你。refer to固定搭配,意为“指的是”,故填to。
39.application
【详解】考查名词。句意:使用新材料后,我们团队应该能成功修复雕像。根据the及of可知,空处需填名词,apply作动词表示“申请,应用”,名词是application,表示抽象含义时是不可数名词。故填application。
40.compared
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:与2019年相比,该国的GDP下降了20%。分析句子结构可知,此处为非谓语动词作状语,结合句意,compare与逻辑主语The GDP of that country之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式,compared with意为“与……相比”符合句意。故填compared。
41.survival
【详解】考查名词。句意:干旱降低了非洲野生动物的生存机会。此处应用名词survival作宾语,不可数,故填survival。
42.graduation
【详解】考查名词。句意:他们问他毕业后有什么打算。作介词的宾语,应用名词graduation,不可数。故填graduation。
43.deadliest
【详解】考查形容词。句意:众所周知,眼镜蛇是世界上最致命的蛇之一。分析句子,设空处使用die的形容词deadly作定语,修饰名词,意为“致命的”,此处构成“one of+the+形容词最高级”的结构,意为“最……之一”。故填deadliest。
44.sensitive
【详解】考查形容词。句意:毫无疑问,消费者对价格仍然非常敏感。根据句意及英文提示可知,此处使用形容词sensitive“敏感的”,作表语。be sensitive to意为“对……敏感”。故填sensitive。
45.eventually
【详解】考查副词。句意:她希望能在当地报纸上找到一份工作,并最终为《泰晤士报》工作。根据句意以及句子结构可知,此处应用副词eventually修饰动词works,意为“最终”,作状语。故填eventually。
46.accidents
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:根据最新的调查,七分之一的交通事故是由昏昏欲睡的司机引起的。此处应用名词accident作主语,由one in seven(七分之一)可知,应用复数形式。故填accidents。
47.effective
【详解】考查形容词。句意:阿司匹林是一种简单但高效的治疗方法。分析句子可知,此空应填形容词作定语,修饰后面名词,effective表“有效的”,为形容词,符合句意。故填effective。
48.politician
【详解】考查名词。句意:这位政治家将与人们见面,讨论大家共同关心的问题。设空处在句中作主语,名词politician“政治家”符合句意;politician“政治家”为可数名词,由空后is可知设空处应填名词单数形式。故填politician。
49.astonished
【详解】考查形容词。句意:约翰·斯诺讲述了布罗德街上那些惊讶的人们的故事。根据句意和后文名词people可知,此处应用ed结尾的形容词作定语,修饰人。故填astonished。
50.off
【详解】考查副词。句意:如果你努力工作,你的努力最终会得到回报。由句意知空处应填副词off,pay off意为“得到回报”,固定搭配。故填off。
51.sufficient
【详解】考查形容词。句意:广告公司有足够的预算维持其正常运作。此处修饰后文名词budget,应用形容词sufficient“足够的”,作定语。故填sufficient。
52.Alarmed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:约翰和他的室友们在半夜被喧闹声吓醒了。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语动词作状语,alarm和逻辑主语John and his roommates为被动关系,所以为过去分词形式。故填Alarmed。
53.ignorance
【详解】考查名词。句意:孩子们常常因为无知而表现不好,所以我们不应该总是对他们太严厉。out of ignorance出于无知。根据句意,故填ignorance。
54.by
【详解】考查介词短语。句意:如果你无意间做了一件事,你并不是有意去做,也许这是你不假思索地做的事情。分析句子结构和意思可知,这里考查介词短语by accident,意为“偶然、无意间”。故填by。
55.limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意:许多父母对什么是均衡饮食知之甚少。分析句子可知,此空应填形容词作定语,修饰后面名词knowledge,limited表“有限的”,符合句意。故填limited。
56.theories
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:另一方面,科学理论是无法预测的;它们必须被制定和确认。they指代“科学理论”,用可数名词theory的复数形式作主语。故填theories。
57.Encouraged
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:受到了老师言语的鼓励,他继续他的研究工作。根据句中谓语动词“went”可知,空处应为非谓语动词,与“he”之间为被动关系,表示“被老师的话鼓励了”,故应用过去分词,在句中作状语;句首字母大写。故填Encouraged。
58.of
【详解】考查介词。句意:各种重工业沿着港口发展起来。a variety of “各种各样的”为固定短语。故填of。
59.an 60.to win 61.on 62.was chosen 63.which/that 64.wanted 65.lives 66.expects 67.successful 68.working
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了屠呦呦的事迹和她对人们的启示。
59.考查冠词。句意:10月5日,一位84岁的科学家屠呦呦成为首位获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国女性。此处泛指“一位84岁的科学家”,且84以元音音素开头,应用不定冠词an。故填an。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意:10月5日,84岁的科学家屠呦呦成为首位获得诺贝尔科学奖的中国女性。win“获得,赢得”。本句谓语为became,此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,由于被修饰词前有序数词first修饰,用动词不定式形式担当后置定语。故填 to win。
61.考查介词。句意:1930年12月30日出生于浙江省。具体某一天前用介词on。故填on。
62.考查动词语态。句意:1969年,她被选中组建一个团队,寻找治疗疟疾的方法,但他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语in 1969可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语she和动词choose“挑选”之间为被动关系,所以用一般过去式的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,be动词用was。故填was chosen。
63.考查定语从句。句意:1969年,她被选中组建一个团队,寻找治疗疟疾的方法,但他们工作的实验室空气质量很差。分析句子结构可知,本空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是lab ,指物,关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
64.考查动词时态。句意:她首先在自己身上试用了这种药,因为她想确保它是安全的。这里为本句谓语动词,根据tried可知,事情发生在过去,故时态用一般过去时,谓语用过去式。故填wanted。
65.考查名词的数。句意:它挽救了许多人的生命。根据空前的many可知,生命不止一个,应用名词复数形式,作saved的宾语。故填lives。
66.考查动词时态。句意:屠呦呦希望中医药能够帮助世界上更多的人。expect“期待”。结合语境可知本句陈述事实,故时态用一般现在时,且主语为Tu Youyou ,故谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填expects。
67.考查形容词。句意:如果我们想要成功,我们应该继续和我们的团队一起努力,永不放弃。本空用形容词successful“成功的”,作表语。故填successful。
68.考查非谓语动词。句意:如果我们想要成功,我们应该继续和我们的团队一起努力,永不放弃。work hard“努力工作”。本空用work的动名词,作keep on的宾语。故填working。
69.Defeated
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管被同伴打败了,这个年轻人没有灰心。“打败”用动词defeat,与主语 the young man之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作状语。根据汉语提示及句意,故填Defeated。
70.filled
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在长凳下面,清洁工发现了一个装满钱的黑色塑料袋。根据句意和汉语提示应填fill“装满;充满”,fill...with...“用……装满”,fill与bag是被动关系,用过去分词作定语,故填filled。
71.apply
【详解】考查动词。句意:学生申请大学时,课外活动起着一定的作用。根据句意和汉语提示可知,此处应该用动词apply作时间状语从句的谓语,陈述客观情况用一般现在时,主语students是复数形式,谓语动词用原形。故填apply。
72.awarded
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在第十届国际芭蕾舞比赛中,Lisa赢得了有史以来第一枚美国男舞者金牌。“授奖”为award。名词the gold medal与动词award之间构成被动关系,所以使用过去分词表示被动和已经完成。故填awarded。
73.charged
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:我把车停在特拉法加广场附近的一个地下停车场,在那里我可以给汽车充电。根据汉语提示“充电”,用charge以及上文get our car battery可知,此处应填非谓语动词作宾补,charge逻辑主语battery之间是被动关系,所以应用过去分词表示被动,作my car battery的宾语补足语。故填charged。
74.Absorbed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这些孩子全神贯注于游戏,一点也不觉得饿。根据汉语提示,表示“吸引”含义的词为:absorb,分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作状语,因与其逻辑主语these children之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,结合短语be absorbed in,此处使用过去分词,故填Absorbed。
75.survival/existence
【详解】考查名词。句意:全球变暖正威胁着野生动物的生存。根据汉语提示可知,survival/existence“生存”,均为不可数名词,在句中作宾语,故填survival/existence。
76.surrounded
【详解】考查动词。句意:当他睁开眼睛时,他发现自己被一群人包围着。根据句意和中文提示可知,表示“包围”应用surround,为动词,在本句中作非谓语,himself与surround为被动关系,再由句意可知,这里应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填surrounded。
77.freedom
【详解】考查名词。句意:在南非,4月27日是人人不分肤色都有投票自由的日子。分析句子,设空处使用名词作宾语,表示“自由”用freedom。故填freedom。
78.limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意:由于访问这些网站的机会有限,西方科学家发现很难获得足够的研究数据。结合空后名词“access”可知,此处用形容词作定语,limit“限制”为名词,其形容词形式limited“有限的”符合题意,故填limited。
79.purchased
【详解】考查过去分词。句意:从网上购买商品的价格可能比从实体商店购买的价格要低。购买为purchase,与goods在逻辑上是被动关系,用过去分词作定语。故填purchased。
80.released
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:根据一个环境研究组织发布的一份报告,大约有10亿人生活在计划外的定居点。分析句式结构可知,此处用非谓语动词作后置定语;再根据汉语提示,表示“发布”可用动词release,又因为release和名词report之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词released作后置定语。故填released。
81.wisdom
【详解】考查名词。句意:他在解决问题时表现出极大的智慧。“智慧;才智”是wisdom,是不可数名词,故填wisdom。
82.Absorbed
【详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:他全神贯注地玩游戏,没有注意到有人进来了。根据汉语意思提示可知,此处为动词短语be absorbed in,结合句子结构可知,此处应为非谓语动词作状语,去掉be动词,保留过去分词。故填Absorbed。
83.released
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:运动中释放的大脑化学物质可以改善人的情绪,帮助那些压力过大的人。分析可知,此处为非谓语动词形式。根据汉语提示“释放”可知,此处应用动词release,release和逻辑主语chemicals是被动关系,用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填released。
84.He is now applying himself to studying traditional Chinese medical science.
【详解】考查时态和固定短语。根据句意可知是现在进行时,他译为“he”,致力于译为“apply oneself to doing”,传统中医科学译为“traditional Chinese medical science”,研究译为“study”,故翻译为He is now applying himself to studying traditional Chinese medical science.。
85.The day will come when all the people throughout/all over the world overcome the virus.
【详解】考查时态和定语从句。根据句意可知,本句主句描述将来要发生的事情,用一般将来时;定语从句中描述客观事实,用一般现在时。表示“那一天终将到来”为主谓句型the day will come,表示“全世界人民战胜病毒的那一天”用关系副词when引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词the day,位置在come之后,是间隔式定语从句,when作从句的时间状语;表示“全世界人民”为all the people throughout the world,介词短语throughout the world作后置定语,throughout可替换为all over;表示“战胜病毒”为overcome the virus。句首字母大写,故翻译为The day will come when all the people throughout/all over the world overcome the virus.
86.Three-quarters of the country’s workers took part in the strike last year.
【详解】考查动词短语。“四分之三”译为three-quarters,“工人”使用可数名词复数workers,“参加”使用动词短语take part in,“罢工”使用名词strike作宾语,“去年”译为last year,句子用一般过去时,结合其他汉语提示,故翻译为:Three-quarters of the country’s workers took part in the strike last year.。
87.This/It is the first drug/medicine that seems to have a very special effect on this disease.
【详解】考查定语从句和时态。根据汉语意思可知应用一般现在时,这是第一种药物,译为“This/It is the first drug/medicine”,“这种疾病有特殊疗效的”修饰“药物”用定语从句,关系代词在从句中做主语指代先行词drug/medicine,前面有the first修饰,应用that连接,似乎译为“seem to”,对……有特殊疗效译为“have a very special effect on”,这种疾病译为“this disease”,故翻译为This/It is the first drug/medicine that seems to have a very special effect on this disease.。
88.She has created a style of music that/which has delighted audiences all over the world.
【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意,该句主语为“她”she,位于句首,首字母大写;谓语为“已经创造”,时态为一般完成时,助动词使用has,即has created;宾语为“一种音乐风格”,即“a style of music”;“能令全世界的听众都感到快乐的”为定语从句,修饰“音乐风格”,引导词用that或which,在从句中作主语,即“that/which has delighted audiences all over the world”。故翻译为She has created a style of music that/which has delighted audiences all over the world.
89.Scientists have only recently been able to gain/get access to the area.
【详解】考查时态和固定短语。“科学家们”译为“Scientists”,“得以进入”译为“be able to gain/get access to”,根据语境可知应用现在完成时,该地区译为“ the area”,结合其他汉语意思,故翻译为Scientists have only recently been able to gain/get access to the area.。
90.We don't think that AI will eventually take the place of/replace human beings in every aspect.
【详解】考查固定短语、宾语从句和时态。此处主句主语为we;表示“不认为”应用don't think,为一般现在时,后跟that引导的宾语从句;从句主语为AI;表示“最终”应用副词eventually;表示“取代”应用take the place of或replace;表示“人类”短语为human beings;表示“各个方面”短语为in every aspect。从句为一般将来时。故翻译为We don't think that AI will eventually take the place of/replace human beings in every aspect.