中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
1.掌握本单元的重点词汇、短语、句型；
2.掌握本单元的重要语法特殊疑问句的宾语从句
3. 单元话题范文赏析
4. 掌握阅读理解之词义猜测题解题方法技巧
请朗读下列范文，背诵好词好句
Being Polite
Good manners are very important in the communication of daily life. Everyone likes a person with good manners. But what are good manners How does one know what should do and what should not do when trying to be a good - mannered person Here are some common examples.
A person with good manners never laughs at a people in trouble. Instead, he (she) always tries to consult or offer help to the person. When he (she) takes a bus and sees an old man or a sick man, he (she) always gives his (her) seat to him. He doesn't interrupt other people when they are talking. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs. He does not spite in public places. Ideas of what are good manners are not always the same in different regions. For example, people in Western countries usually kiss each other to show their greetings, whereas in China, kissing in public is something of unusual and sometimes be regarded as impolite to somebody else.
So it is important to know what is regarded as polite and impolite before you go to a region. But remember that it is always right to be kind and helpful to others.
一、常见提问方式
所谓猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。
常见提问方式：
The underlined word “ ”in the passage means .
What does “ ”in the third paragraph stand for
The word/phrase “ ” most nearly means .
The word/phrase “ ” could best be replaced by .
The word/phrase “ ” in Line…,Para …refers to .
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “ ”
What’s the meaning of “ ” in Line …,Para …
The author uses the word “ ” to indicate（暗示）
二、做题方法
先看划线句，再看前后句
结合意思最相近选项，大胆选择
★Skill 1： 通过构词法进行猜测
1）根据词缀猜测词义 （包括前缀后缀）
（江西卷）Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools
根据词根educational（教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。
（广东卷）It’s a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized fishing village on England's most southerly point．
后缀-ise/ize意思是使成为；使化，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商业化的。
2)根据复合词的各部分猜测词义即合成词，主要有合成动词、合成形容词、合成名词。
（北京卷）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools will require less force to operate.
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。
转化：词的形式不变而词性发生变化
nurse n. 护士 v.护理
free adj.空闲的 v.释放
empty adj.空的 v.倾空
总结：构词法是比较庞大的一个体系，除了阅读理解词义猜测可以用，其实用得更多的是在平时记背单词上。牢记构词法，可以让背诵单词变得事倍功半还可以有效拓展学生的词汇量。
★Skill 2： 通过上下文提供的信息进行猜测（考查最多）
包括：
指代关系：原则：就近指代 常考查代词
2）通过同义或反义关系进行猜测
表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有：but，yet，however，while，on the other hand，on the contrary，despite，in spite of，instead等，有时也用破折号或冒号等符号
3）通过例证进行猜测
4）通过因果关系进行猜测
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
【例1】例证
We say a joke is “corny” if it is stupid . An example of a corny joke is:
But some people may think a corny joke actually a good joke. Telling a good joke depends not only on the joke itself but also on the way it is told. Some people have a skill for telling jokes. And some people simply do not know how to tell jokes. Every language and culture has its own funny jokes. As a result, many jokes lose their humor if they are translated into a different language. Some jokes depend on making fun of other people to be funny. However, these jokes may hurt people’s feelings.
( ) A “corny” joke is one that is _____ .
A. very funny B. stupid or not funny C. very short D. very harmful
Key: B
【例2】
Someone says a student pushed him on the football field.
The person who was accused as the “pusher” says it was actually an accident.
The person who was pushed gets the mediator.
The mediator takes the two persons to a quieter place, away from others to talk.
The mediator calms them down and lets them know he understands their feelings.
( ) The underlined words “was accused” in this passage might mean in Chinese.
A.被惩罚 B.被轻视 C.被指责 D.被否定
Key: C
【例3】
For example, Tom Harrison took three days just to reach the halfway point, as he was crawling on his hands and knees dressed as a gorilla(猩猩), trying to raise money and attention for ‘The Gorilla Organization’.
( )The meaning of the underlined word ‘‘crawling’’ is probably similar to__________.
drawing B. walking C. singing D. swimming
Key: B
【例4】
If a child ran into the road, would the computer choose to hit the child or turn suddenly and potentially kill the car’s passengers
( )The underlined word “potentially” in Paragraph 4 means “ ” .
possibly B. successfully C. especially D. naturally
Key: A
【例5】
Then, in the middle of the 1700s, restaurants started opening in Paris. These restaurants were more similar to restaurants we know today.
( )The underlined part “these restaurants” in Paragraph 4 means .
A. restaurants in ancient Greece and ancient Rome
B. restaurants in Hangzhou in the early 1100s
C. restaurants in Paris in the middle of the 1700s
D. restaurants all over Europe in the 19th century
Key: C
【例6】
In one class, students play a game with small bags of candy to figure out how many pieces in the bags are red. When they get the correct answer, they can eat the candy!
( )The underlined expression “figure out” probably means _______.
look after B. solve the problem of
C. draw a picture of D. play a joke on
Key: B
【例7】
However, we often forget to fill the third bottle ---- the happiness bottle that we fill with activities that make us happy. Is your happiness bottle sometimes empty at the end of the day Between doing all the necessary and voluntary tasks, time flies by, and before we know it, it is time for bed. We all have days like that.
( )What does the underlined word “it” mean in the third paragraph
A. We require enough time to fill the necessary tasks bottle.
B. Necessary and voluntary tasks are less important.
C. All the three bottles are filled to top at the end of the day.
D. We need time to do something to make ourselves happy.
Key: D
【例8】
Heather has never touched a snake. She doesn’t take the risk. She picks up the snakes with a special tool. This doesn’t hurt them, but it keeps them at a safe distance so that they can’t bite her.
( ) The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refers to _____.
A. snakes B. special tools
C. people around D. the Ramirezs
Key: A
【例9】
Some people delete the one's name from friends list because they no longer want to see it (maybe ex﹣boyfriend or ex﹣girlfriend) and they don't want the one to see their "Moments"(动态）)on Wechat (maybe they publish very private pictures or life or thoughts they don't want to share with him or her.)
( )In the paragraph, the underlined word “it” refers to .
A. the goods B. the name C. the private life D. an ex-boyfriend or ex-girlfriend’s Wechat
Key: D
1. Chef Dan Barber, who helped create the meal, hoped that the experience would make the leaders pay more attention to the issue of food waste.
It is a huge problem. One out of nine people on Earth does not get enough food. Yet every year over one third of the food worldwide goes to waste!（2018杭州中考）
20.The underlined word “issue” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A. result B. problem C. cause D. beginning
Key：B
2. You and I can tell one face from another easily, but can computers do the same with few mistakes
At an earlier time, many thought it was impossible, but progress in facial recognition(识别) software has made it come true. Technology is quickly catching up with the human ability to read faces.（2018年上城一模）
1.The underlined word "it" in the paragraph refers to the fact that______.
A. humans make few mistakes
B. humans tell one face from another
C. computers make the same mistakes
D. computers have the ability to read faces
Key：D
3. Each team member has a position. Each position is part of winning. No one player has the ability to win the game for the team. Only if the team works together does a team win. People often say, “There is no I in TEAM.”
( )What does the underlined sentence “There is no I in TEAM.” mean
A. I never take part in the game.
B. I am not a member of the team.
C. A famous star is the key to success.
D. Teamwork comes first during the game.
Key: D
4. Sleeping deep underwater helps these seals stay safe from animals that hunt them near the surface.
( )The underlined word “hunt” in Paragraph 5 probably means _______.
offer to help B. come to teach C. refuse to protect D. want to kill
Key: D
5. Another possible reason may be that you've sent something unpleasant to your friend or in your friend circle. I just blocked one of my middle school classmates yesterday because she was trying to sell fake goods in the friend circle, and I hate it quite much.
( )The underlined word “fake” in the passage probably means .
A.令人喜爱的 B.真实的 C.完美的 D.假冒的
Key：D
6. You can’t imagine how excited I was when I got to know that there was going to be a free meal of hotpot to welcome the new students. On the way to the canteen, I seemed to smell huo guo in the air.
( ) The underlined word “canteen” means “________” in Chinese.
A. 宿舍 B. 餐厅 C. 实验室 D. 体育馆
Key: B
7. By taking part in all kinds of activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss（丧失）of work means the loss of everything. It affects man's spirit and it will cause more illnesses.
( ) The underlined word “it” in the passage means
A. the loss of happiness. B. the loss of work.
C. the loss of energy. D. the loss of health.
Key：B
8. Maybe you can't help thinking, “What makes that poor woman so different ” It is nothing else but her inner beauty, her true devotion of love without any thought of money.
( ) What does the underlined word “devotion” meaning in Chinese
A 索取 B.因素 C.回报 D.奉献
Key: D
9. Some numismatists choose to collect foreign coins. They may focus on a certain country or a certain time period when they begin their collections.
( )The underlined word “numismatists” means _______.
A. stamp collectors B. doll collectors
C. coin collectors D. teapot collectors
Key: C
10. Susie Walton, an expert, believe that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return.
( ) The underlined phrase “in return” in Paragraph 3 has the same meaning as “_____”.
as a reward B. for punishment C. on sale D. under control
Key: A
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
1.掌握本单元的重点词汇、短语、句型；
2.掌握本单元的重要语法特殊疑问句的宾语从句
3. 单元话题范文赏析
4. 掌握阅读理解之词义猜测题解题方法技巧
请朗读下列范文，背诵好词好句
Being Polite
Good manners are very important in the communication of daily life. Everyone likes a person with good manners. But what are good manners How does one know what should do and what should not do when trying to be a good - mannered person Here are some common examples.
A person with good manners never laughs at a people in trouble. Instead, he (she) always tries to consult or offer help to the person. When he (she) takes a bus and sees an old man or a sick man, he (she) always gives his (her) seat to him. He doesn't interrupt other people when they are talking. He uses a handkerchief when he sneezes or coughs. He does not spite in public places. Ideas of what are good manners are not always the same in different regions. For example, people in Western countries usually kiss each other to show their greetings, whereas in China, kissing in public is something of unusual and sometimes be regarded as impolite to somebody else.
So it is important to know what is regarded as polite and impolite before you go to a region. But remember that it is always right to be kind and helpful to others.
一、常见提问方式
所谓猜测词义是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词的意义。
常见提问方式：
The underlined word “ ”in the passage means .
What does “ ”in the third paragraph stand for
The word/phrase “ ” most nearly means .
The word/phrase “ ” could best be replaced by .
The word/phrase “ ” in Line…,Para …refers to .
Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “ ”
What’s the meaning of “ ” in Line …,Para …
The author uses the word “ ” to indicate（暗示）
二、做题方法
先看划线句，再看前后句
结合意思最相近选项，大胆选择
★Skill 1： 通过构词法进行猜测
1）根据词缀猜测词义 （包括前缀后缀）
（江西卷）Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools
根据词根educational（教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。
（广东卷）It’s a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized fishing village on England's most southerly point．
后缀-ise/ize意思是使成为；使化，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：未被商业化的。
2)根据复合词的各部分猜测词义即合成词，主要有合成动词、合成形容词、合成名词。
（北京卷）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools will require less force to operate.
Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。
转化：词的形式不变而词性发生变化
nurse n. 护士 v.护理
free adj.空闲的 v.释放
empty adj.空的 v.倾空
总结：构词法是比较庞大的一个体系，除了阅读理解词义猜测可以用，其实用得更多的是在平时记背单词上。牢记构词法，可以让背诵单词变得事倍功半还可以有效拓展学生的词汇量。
★Skill 2： 通过上下文提供的信息进行猜测（考查最多）
包括：
指代关系：原则：就近指代 常考查代词
2）通过同义或反义关系进行猜测
表示对比、类比或转折的常见信息词有：but，yet，however，while，on the other hand，on the contrary，despite，in spite of，instead等，有时也用破折号或冒号等符号
3）通过例证进行猜测
4）通过因果关系进行猜测
在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
【例1】例证
We say a joke is “corny” if it is stupid . An example of a corny joke is:
But some people may think a corny joke actually a good joke. Telling a good joke depends not only on the joke itself but also on the way it is told. Some people have a skill for telling jokes. And some people simply do not know how to tell jokes. Every language and culture has its own funny jokes. As a result, many jokes lose their humor if they are translated into a different language. Some jokes depend on making fun of other people to be funny. However, these jokes may hurt people’s feelings.
( ) A “corny” joke is one that is _____ .
A. very funny B. stupid or not funny C. very short D. very harmful
【例2】
Someone says a student pushed him on the football field.
The person who was accused as the “pusher” says it was actually an accident.
The person who was pushed gets the mediator.
The mediator takes the two persons to a quieter place, away from others to talk.
The mediator calms them down and lets them know he understands their feelings.
( ) The underlined words “was accused” in this passage might mean in Chinese.
A.被惩罚 B.被轻视 C.被指责 D.被否定
【例3】
For example, Tom Harrison took three days just to reach the halfway point, as he was crawling on his hands and knees dressed as a gorilla(猩猩), trying to raise money and attention for ‘The Gorilla Organization’.
( )The meaning of the underlined word ‘‘crawling’’ is probably similar to__________.
drawing B. walking C. singing D. swimming
【例4】
If a child ran into the road, would the computer choose to hit the child or turn suddenly and potentially kill the car’s passengers
( )The underlined word “potentially” in Paragraph 4 means “ ” .
possibly B. successfully C. especially D. naturally
【例5】
Then, in the middle of the 1700s, restaurants started opening in Paris. These restaurants were more similar to restaurants we know today.
( )The underlined part “these restaurants” in Paragraph 4 means .
A. restaurants in ancient Greece and ancient Rome
B. restaurants in Hangzhou in the early 1100s
C. restaurants in Paris in the middle of the 1700s
D. restaurants all over Europe in the 19th century
【例6】
In one class, students play a game with small bags of candy to figure out how many pieces in the bags are red. When they get the correct answer, they can eat the candy!
( )The underlined expression “figure out” probably means _______.
look after B. solve the problem of
C. draw a picture of D. play a joke on
【例7】
However, we often forget to fill the third bottle ---- the happiness bottle that we fill with activities that make us happy. Is your happiness bottle sometimes empty at the end of the day Between doing all the necessary and voluntary tasks, time flies by, and before we know it, it is time for bed. We all have days like that.
( )What does the underlined word “it” mean in the third paragraph
A. We require enough time to fill the necessary tasks bottle.
B. Necessary and voluntary tasks are less important.
C. All the three bottles are filled to top at the end of the day.
D. We need time to do something to make ourselves happy.
【例8】
Heather has never touched a snake. She doesn’t take the risk. She picks up the snakes with a special tool. This doesn’t hurt them, but it keeps them at a safe distance so that they can’t bite her.
( ) The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refers to _____.
A. snakes B. special tools
C. people around D. the Ramirezs
【例9】
Some people delete the one's name from friends list because they no longer want to see it (maybe ex﹣boyfriend or ex﹣girlfriend) and they don't want the one to see their "Moments"(动态）)on Wechat (maybe they publish very private pictures or life or thoughts they don't want to share with him or her.)
( )In the paragraph, the underlined word “it” refers to .
A. the goods B. the name C. the private life D. an ex-boyfriend or ex-girlfriend’s Wechat
1. Chef Dan Barber, who helped create the meal, hoped that the experience would make the leaders pay more attention to the issue of food waste.
It is a huge problem. One out of nine people on Earth does not get enough food. Yet every year over one third of the food worldwide goes to waste!（2018杭州中考）
20.The underlined word “issue” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A. result B. problem C. cause D. beginning
2. You and I can tell one face from another easily, but can computers do the same with few mistakes
At an earlier time, many thought it was impossible, but progress in facial recognition(识别) software has made it come true. Technology is quickly catching up with the human ability to read faces.（2018年上城一模）
1.The underlined word "it" in the paragraph refers to the fact that______.
A. humans make few mistakes
B. humans tell one face from another
C. computers make the same mistakes
D. computers have the ability to read faces
3. Each team member has a position. Each position is part of winning. No one player has the ability to win the game for the team. Only if the team works together does a team win. People often say, “There is no I in TEAM.”
( )What does the underlined sentence “There is no I in TEAM.” mean
A. I never take part in the game.
B. I am not a member of the team.
C. A famous star is the key to success.
D. Teamwork comes first during the game.
4. Sleeping deep underwater helps these seals stay safe from animals that hunt them near the surface.
( )The underlined word “hunt” in Paragraph 5 probably means _______.
offer to help B. come to teach C. refuse to protect D. want to kill
5. Another possible reason may be that you've sent something unpleasant to your friend or in your friend circle. I just blocked one of my middle school classmates yesterday because she was trying to sell fake goods in the friend circle, and I hate it quite much.
( )The underlined word “fake” in the passage probably means .
A.令人喜爱的 B.真实的 C.完美的 D.假冒的
6. You can’t imagine how excited I was when I got to know that there was going to be a free meal of hotpot to welcome the new students. On the way to the canteen, I seemed to smell huo guo in the air.
( ) The underlined word “canteen” means “________” in Chinese.
A. 宿舍 B. 餐厅 C. 实验室 D. 体育馆
7. By taking part in all kinds of activities, they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss（丧失）of work means the loss of everything. It affects man's spirit and it will cause more illnesses.
( ) The underlined word “it” in the passage means
A. the loss of happiness. B. the loss of work.
C. the loss of energy. D. the loss of health.
8. Maybe you can't help thinking, “What makes that poor woman so different ” It is nothing else but her inner beauty, her true devotion of love without any thought of money.
( ) What does the underlined word “devotion” meaning in Chinese
A 索取 B.因素 C.回报 D.奉献
9. Some numismatists choose to collect foreign coins. They may focus on a certain country or a certain time period when they begin their collections.
( )The underlined word “numismatists” means _______.
A. stamp collectors B. doll collectors
C. coin collectors D. teapot collectors
10. Susie Walton, an expert, believe that by rewarding kids, parents are sending a message that work isn’t worth doing unless you get something in return.
( ) The underlined phrase “in return” in Paragraph 3 has the same meaning as “_____”.
as a reward B. for punishment C. on sale D. under control
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
