外研版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope单元话题语法填空练习（含解析）
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Unit 6 Disaster and Hope
单元话题语法填空练习
（22-23高一上·江西南昌·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some countries have a large number of earthquakes. Japan is one of them, while others do not have so many. For example, there are few earthquakes in Britain. But they are 1 (frighten) when they break out.
There is often a great noise during 2 earthquake. The ground shakes; houses fall down; railways are destroyed, 3 causes trains to stop off. Sometimes thousands of people 4 (injure) in different ways. Some people say that earthquakes often happen near volcanoes (火山), 5 this is not true. The centers of some earthquakes are under the sea. The bottom of the sea suddenly moves. The 6 (power) forces inside the earth break the rocks. The coast is shaken and great waves appear. These waves travel a long 7 (distant) and rush over the land, 8 (break) down houses and other buildings. Sometimes they damage more buildings than the earthquake 9 (it). What kind of building stays up best in an earthquake The Americans studied carefully the results of the earthquake at San Francisco and believed it is best for buildings to be made with concrete (水泥) walls held together by steel frames (钢筋框架). Such buildings won’t burn or fall 10 (easy).
（23-24高一下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In late August, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, one of the most 11 （destroy）hurricanes in American history, hit the south-eastern parts of the country. It began on August 23, 12 （cause）only slight damage in the beginning. But it soon grew to be a Category5hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico and caused severe damage along 13 （it）paths.
New Orleans, a city 14 was built largely below sea level, was worst hit. In reaction to the coming hurricane, the city government gave 15 order to clear the city 16 all residents. However, some of them chose to stay because they believed that the city’s defense system would keep them safe and sound, 17 others were unable to leave because they have no access 18 （transport）. The defense system finally failed. As a result, 80% of the city was flooded for weeks. People 19 （stick）in the city without power, food or drinking water, waiting for rescue with anxiety.
The hurricane died away on August 31. Hurricane Katrina, which caused nearly 2,000 deaths, 20
（leave）millions of people homeless.
（23-24高一下·江西新余·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent years, the world 21 (see) a number of natural disasters: hurricanes in the Caribbean and southern U.S., earthquakes in Mexico, and monsoons (季风雨) in southern Asia. These 22 (event) brought damage to communities. They also brought questions about what we can do to prepare 23 (we) for similar events. The best thing to do when facing a coming natural disaster is to pay attention to your area’s evacuation notices and take advantage of evacuation help. However, it’s possible to 24 (catch) by an unexpected emergency. When 25 (face) with those situations, what should you do to stay safe How can you be better prepared Every family should have an emergency plan 26 addresses the most likely disasters in their area. Practical 27 (survive) skills should also be part of every family’s plan. These skills need to be learned and practiced before things get hard. This is because you 28 (simple) won’t have time to read a survival book during 29 emergency. 30 (stay) calm is the most important thing a person can do during any emergency. A little fear is a natural and healthy response (反应) to a frightening event. But when fear runs unchecked, a person may make dangerous choices. It takes practice to learn to stay calm in frightening situations, but it can be done.
（21-22高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Storm Arwen hit much of Britain at the end of last week, causing disastrous 31 (consequence) including loss of life and property. The world-famous Bodnant Garden was among 32 worst-hit areas. Over 50 trees were uprooted including a 51-metre ‘Champion’ coast redwood ——the largest of its kind in Wales.
The Wallington Estate in Northumberland reported the most horrible storm in the past 40 years, 33 (destroy) as large as an area of 13 acres green space. Among 34 (variety) trees lost to the winds were 250-year-old oak and beech trees planted by Sir Walter Calverley Blackett.
“There have been tears. We 35 (see) storms and floods here before but this damage is never seen in living memory. The area worst 36 (affect) is Furnace Wood where we’ve done major repair work over the last decade.” said Adam Salvin, head gardener at Bodnant, 37 the clear-up is expected to take months.
“Our gardens and landscapes will take months to clear up and years, even decades, to 38 (full)
restore. Some won’t be the same again but I have no doubt that our amazing teams will recreate these much-loved places and reopen them for everyone 39 (enjoy).”
Damage is still being assessed but the National Trust expects the damage to cost it at least f3m. The charity is appealing 40 the people to make donations to help.
（23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白外填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the wake of a 6. 2-magnitude (震级) earthquake, 41 is vital that lines of communication remain open, and the temporary post stations in Jishishan county, the epicenter (震中) of the earthquake that struck on Dec 18, have played 42 crucial role in ensuring packages get in and out.
Ma Hailong, 32-year-old resident from Dahejia town in Jishishan county, 43 (lose) his home in the quake, but despite this, he was excited that he was able to send and receive packages just three days 44 the tragedy struck. He initially thought that postal services, especially 45 (delivery), would be suspended after the earthquake, which occurred just seconds before midnight on Dec 18.
Temporary post offices were set up in nine quake-hit towns and are now open for all postal services. In addition, six postal routes in the county remain open, and 24 delivery routes have resurned 46 (operate). The Dahejia post office reopened in a tent on Dec 20, 47 (receive) more than 2, 300 pieces of mail in two days, 48 were all delivered to residents in the quake-affected area. The temporary post office has also opened a green channel 49 financial services, handling the delivery of mail from courier (货运) companies such as SF Express in the disaster area.
To facilitate donations from various sectors of society, Gansu branches of China Post and the Postal Savings Bank of China 50 (open) special pathways for the earthquake-stricken area in Jishishan.
（22-23高一上·福建厦门·期中）在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给的词的正确形式填空。
I am deeply impressed by the great changes 51 have taken place in the school over the past three years. 52 May 12,2008 a severe earthquake 53 (destroy) almost everything in the school, leaving badly damaged buildings. It is now, however, taking on a new look. Tall buildings have been put up, 54 (include) classroom and laboratory buildings and a library. In the new environment, teachers and students are living 55 (happy) and working hard. It is really 56 (amaze) that the once-ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school full of life.
Obviously, 57 the help of the whole society, there would be no pew school today. It is love and concern that have brought about 58 great changes. Many hands make light work. We can work wonders 59 we units as a family, caring for other and helping those in need. Union is 60 (strong).
（23-24高一上·江西新余·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck western Japan on Monday afternoon, leading to a warning for residents to escape affected coastal 61 (area) of Japan as soon as possible.
The 62 (power) earthquake struck at 4:10 p. m. local time at a depth of 10 kilometers, around 42 kilometers northeast of Anamizu in Ishikawa. The Japan Meteorological Agency 63 (immediate) issued a tsunami warning along coastal regions of western Japan, and the first waves were reported hitting 64 coast just over 10 minutes later.
Some of the first reports came from the city of Wajima in Ishikawa, 65 saw tsunami waves of around 1. 2 meters around 4: 21 p. m., according to Japanese public broadcaster NHK.
Suzu city officials Inlshikawa told reporters that buildings have been damaged, 66 there were reports of injuries. Police in the city said some people were trapped in 67 (damage) houses, according to NHK. No deaths 68 (report) so far. More than 32, 500 homes in Ishikawa were left 69 power following the quake, according to the Hokuriku Electric Power Company. “ 70 (put) human lives as priority, we are making every effort to assess damages — making every effort in disaster response,” Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida wrote on X, formerly Twitter, Monday.
（23-24高一上·福建福州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Natural disasters are one of the major 71 (problem) facing the world today, seriously affecting economic development and threatening the 72 (survive) of mankind.
2023 has broken temperature records 73 seen record droughts, wildfires and floods around the world. Beijing experienced the heaviest rainfall in 140 years, causing widespread flooding. Heatwaves 74 (sweep) across Europe and forest fires erupted in North America. Experts warn that poverty (贫困) and inequality are worsening these disasters.
People in the poorest areas are often 75 greatest risk from extreme weather. They may live in places 76 are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought. They have 77 (few) resources to deal with damage and to recover from it. As a result, they suffer 78 (extreme) after disasters strike and may be
pushed further into poverty.
Fighting inequality for a resilient (韧性) future is the theme of 2023 International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction. UN Secretary-General António Guterres made a proposal that countries should work together 79 (break) the cycle of poverty and that every person on Earth should 80 (cover) by an early warning system by 2027.
（23-24高一上·广西柳州·阶段练习）语法填空
For many years, human beings have been trying to conquer nature, but never succeeded. What’s worse, nature has got angry. It often shows 81 (it) power and teaches human beings different lessons in various 82 (way), such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, sandstorms, typhoons, droughts, landslides, tornadoes, and volcanoes. Any of them can cause terrible disasters. For example, on March 11, 2011, 83 huge earthquake struck Japan, 84 (cause) a terrible tsunami. Many cars, ships and buildings 85 (ruin) by a ten-metre-high wall of water. Thousands of people were confirmed dead. The total energy released by the quake was equivalent to the explosion of 6.7 trillion tons of TNT, 86 is about a thousand times the total power of all the world’s nuclear weapons. Another event was the “huge volcanic eruption in Iceland” in 2010. It caused enormous damage to air travel across western and northern Europe because 87 the large quantities of volcanic ash. All of these show how 88 (power) nature is.
Compared with the great power of nature, human beings are so weak and even so helpless in face of the destruction caused by natural disasters. It would be unwise of us 89 (fight) against or even try to conquer nature. On the contrary, we should try to learn how to live with nature 90 (peaceful).
参考答案：
1．frightening 2．an 3．which 4．are injured 5．but 6．powerful 7．distance 8．breaking 9．itself 10．easily
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震产生的危害和影响。
1．考查形容词。句意：例如，英国很少发生地震。但是当地震发生的时候，他们还是令人害怕的。分析句式结构可知，此处要用形容词作表语，frightening是令人害怕的，修饰事物，主语they指前面提到的地震，指物。故填frightening。
2．考查冠词。句意：地震时常常有很大的噪音。earthquake是以元音因素开头的单词，且是泛指，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
3．考查定语从句。句意：大地震动；房子倒了；铁路被毁，导致火车停运。分析句式结构可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，指代前边 整句话，引导词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：有时数以千万计的人们以不同的方式受伤了。people与injure之间是被动的关系，应用被动语态；文章叙述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时；而且主语people是复数，be动词要用are。故填are injured。
5．考查连词。句意：有人说地震常常发生在火山附近，但是这是不正确的。分析句意可知，前后句之间是转折关系。故填but。
6．考查形容词。句意：地球内部的强大力量打碎了岩石。分析句式结构可知，此处用形容词powerful作定语修饰名词forces。故填powerful。
7．考查名词。句意：这些海浪传播很长一段距离，冲过陆地，摧毁房屋和其他建筑物。形容词long修饰名词，distance意为距离，是可数名词，前面有a，此处的名词要用单数。故填distance。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语，又因为these waves与break构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用非谓语动词中的现在分词作状语。故填breaking。
9．考查代词。句意：有时它们对建筑物的破坏比地震本身还要大。分析句意可知，此处表示“地震本身”，应用反身代词。故填itself。
10．考查副词。句意：这样的建筑不会轻易燃烧或倒塌。分析句式结构可知，此处用副词easily
修饰动词burn or fall。故填easily。
11．destructive 12．causing 13．its 14．which/that 15．an 16．of 17．while/but 18．to transport 19．were stuck 20．left
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了2005年8月下旬，美国历史上最具破坏性的飓风之一卡特里娜飓风袭击了美国东南部。
11．考查形容词。句意：2005年8月下旬，美国历史上最具破坏性的飓风之一卡特里娜飓风袭击了美国东南部。由空后hurricanes为名词以及空前the most可知，此处为形容词构成最高级形式，修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填destructive。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：它始于8月23日，一开始只造成了轻微的损害。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，cause和逻辑主语It为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填causing。
13．考查代词。句意：但它很快就在墨西哥湾温暖的水域上空发展成为五级飓风，并在其路径上造成了严重破坏。由空后paths为名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填its。
14．考查定语从句。句意：新奥尔良是一个大部分建在海平面以下的城市，受灾最严重。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which/that引导的定语从句，先行词a city在从句中作主语成分。故填which/that。
15．考查冠词。句意：为了应对即将来临的飓风，市政府下令疏散所有居民。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语give an order“下命令”，满足句意要求，所以此处为冠词an的填入。故填an。
16．考查介词。句意：为了应对即将来临的飓风，市政府下令疏散所有居民。clear sth of sth从……清除……、将……驱离某地。故填of。
17．考查连词。句意：然而，他们中的一些人选择留下来，因为他们相信城市的防御系统会保证他们的安全，而另一些人则无法离开，因为他们没有交通工具。根据上下句句意可知，此处为连词while/but表示“而，但是”，满足句意要求。故填while/but。
18．考查动词不定式。句意：然而，他们中的一些人选择留下来，因为他们相信城市的防御系统会保证他们的安全，而另一些人则无法离开，因为他们没有交通工具。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语have access to do“有权限做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填to
transport。
19．考查动词时态语态。句意：人们被困在没有电力、食物和饮用水的城市里，焦急地等待救援。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语People和stick为被动关系，结合上下句时态可知，为过去时，所以此处为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填were stuck。
20．考查动词时态。句意：卡特里娜飓风造成近2000人死亡，数百万人无家可归。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合上文时态可知，此处应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填left。
21．has seen 22．events 23．ourselves 24．be caught 25．faced 26．which/that 27．survival 28．simply 29．an 30．Staying
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来世界各地发生的自然灾害，并指出这些事件给社区带来的破坏和引发的关于应急准备的疑问。
21．
考查谓语动词。句意：近年来，世界上发生了许多自然灾害：加勒比地区和美国南部的飓风、墨西哥的地震和南亚的季风雨。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“In recent years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语为“the world”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has seen。
22．
考查名词的数。句意：这些事件给社区带来了破坏。根据空前的“these”可知，空处为可数名词的复数形式。故填events。
23．
考查代词。句意：它们也引发了关于我们如何为类似事件做好准备的疑问。代词担当宾语，表示主语本身，用反身代词，构成固定短语：prepare oneself for，意为“让自己为……做好准备”。故填ourselves。
24．
考查动词的用法。句意：然而，也有可能遇到意想不到的紧急情况。动词不定式符号后用动词原形，表示被动关系，用“be done”形式。故填be caught。
25．
考查状语从句的省略。句意：当面对这些情况时，你应该做些什么来保持安全？这里为状语
从句的省略，其完整形式为：when you are faced with those situations，和主句主语之间为被动关系，省略you are。故填faced。
26．
考查定语从句。句意：每个家庭都应该有一个应急预案，以应对他们所在地区最可能发生的灾害。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“an emergency plan”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
27．
考查固定短语。句意：实用的生存技能也应该是每个家庭计划的一部分。固定短语：survival skills，意为“生存技能”，符合句意。故填survival。
28．
考查副词。句意：这是因为你根本没有时间在紧急情况下阅读生存手册。担当句子的状语，表示“仅仅”，用副词形式。故填simply。
29．
考查冠词。句意：这是因为你根本没有时间在紧急情况下阅读生存手册。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。
30．
考查非谓语动词。句意：在任何紧急情况下，保持冷静是一个人能做的最重要的事情。非谓语动词担当主语，表示主动关系，用动名词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Staying。
31．consequences 32．the 33．destroying 34．various 35．have seen 36．affected 37．where 38．fully 39．to enjoy 40．to
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述上周末，风暴Arwen袭击了英国大部分地区，造成了包括生命和财产损失在内的灾难性后果。
31．考查名词复数。句意：上周末，风暴Arwen袭击了英国大部分地区，造成了包括生命和财产损失在内的灾难性后果。分析句子可知，consequence表“后果”，为可数名词，再由including loss of life and property可知，这里应用复数形式作宾语。故填consequences。
32．考查冠词。句意：世界著名的Bodnant Garden是受灾最严重的地区之一。分析句子可知，worst-hit表“受灾最严重的”，为形容词最高级，前面需要加定冠词the。故填the。
33．考查非谓语。句意：Northumberland的沃灵顿庄园报告了过去40年来最可怕的风暴，
摧毁了多达13英亩的绿地。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，The Wallington Estate与destroy为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用现在分词作状语。故填destroying。
34．考查形容词。句意：在各种被风吹走的树木中，有Sir Walter Calverley Blackett种植的250年树龄的橡树和山毛榉。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词。故填various。
35．考查时态。句意：我们以前在这里见过风暴和洪水，但这种破坏在人们的记忆中从未见过。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，We和see为主动关系，再由before可知，这里时态应用现在完成时。故填have seen。
36．考查非谓语。句意：受影响最严重的地区是Furnace Wood，过去十年我们在那里进行了大修。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，The area与affect为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词作定语。故填affected。
37．考查定语从句。句意：“受影响最严重的地区是Furnace Wood，过去十年我们在那里进行了大修。”Bodnant的首席园丁Adam Salvin说，在那里清理工作预计需要几个月的时间。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Bodnant，关系词在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。
38．考查副词。句意：我们的花园和景观需要数月的时间才能清理干净，需要数年甚至数十年的时间才能完全恢复。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词。故填fully。
39．考查非谓语。句意：有些地方将不再是以前的样子，但我毫不怀疑，我们令人惊叹的团队将重建这些深受喜爱的地方，并重新开放，让每个人都能享受。分析句子可知，此空应填不定式作目的状语。故填to enjoy。
40．考查介词。句意：该慈善机构呼吁人们捐款帮助。分析句子可知，appeal to表“呼吁”，为固定搭配。故填to。
41．it 42．a 43．lost 44．after 45．deliveries 46．operation 47．receiving 48．which 49．for 50．have opened
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震后积石山县的临时邮局在确保包裹进出方面发挥了至关重要的作用。
41．考查形式主语。句意：在12月18日发生的6.2级地震之后，通信线路保持畅通至关重要，而位于震中积石山县的临时邮局在确保包裹进出方面发挥了至关重要的作用。此处使用
形式主语it，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。故填it。
42．考查冠词。句意：在12月18日发生的6.2级地震之后，通信线路保持畅通至关重要，而位于震中积石山县的临时邮局在确保包裹进出方面发挥了至关重要的作用。play a/an...role in“起……作用”，且crucial以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。play a crucial role in“发挥至关重要的作用”。故填a。
43．考查时态。句意：32岁的马海龙是鸡石山县大河家镇的居民，他在地震中失去了家园，但尽管如此，他还是很兴奋，因为他在悲剧发生三天后就能收发包裹了。根据句意及空后的was可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，用lose“失去”的过去式。故填lost。
44．考查连词。句意：32岁的马海龙是鸡石山县大河家镇的居民，他在地震中失去了家园，但尽管如此，他还是很兴奋，因为他在悲剧发生三天后就能收发包裹了。根据句意可知，用连词after“之后，（时间）在……后”。故填after。
45．考查名词的数。句意：地震发生在12月18日午夜前几秒钟，他最初以为邮政服务，尤其是快递会在地震后暂停。结合句意可知，delivery“递送”不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故填deliveries。
46．考查名词。句意：此外，该县6条邮政路线保持开放，24条投递路线已恢复运营。本空用不可数名词operation“运营”，作宾语。故填operation。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：12月20日，大河家邮局在一个帐篷里重新开放，两天内收到了2300多封邮件，这些邮件都被送到了地震灾区的居民手中。本句谓语为reopened，此处为非谓语动词，且The Dahejia post office与receive“收到”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填receiving。
48．考查定语从句。句意：12月20日，大河家邮局在一个帐篷里重新开放，两天内收到了2300多封邮件，这些邮件都被送到了地震灾区的居民手中。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是more than 2, 300 pieces of mail，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
49．考查介词。句意：临时邮局还开通了金融服务绿色通道，处理顺丰速递等快递公司在灾区的邮件投递。本空用介词for，a channel for “一个……的渠道/通道”。故填for。
50．考查时态。句意：为方便社会各界捐款，中国邮政甘肃分公司和中国邮政储蓄银行已经为积石山地震灾区开辟了专项通道。根据句意可知，open“打开”这一动作开始于过去，对现在也有影响，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语Gansu branches of China Post and the Postal Savings Bank of China 是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have opened。
51．that/which 52．On 53．destroyed 54．including 55．happily 56．amazing 57．without 58．the 59．if/when 60．strength
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者主要说明了5·12地震后学校所发生的巨大变化。
51．考查定语从句。句意：过去三年来学校发生的巨大变化给我留下了深刻的印象。定语从句修饰先行词changes，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。
52．考查介词。句意：2008年5月12日，一场强烈的地震几乎摧毁了学校的一切，留下严重受损的建筑。表示在具体某一天应用介词on，首字母大写。故填On。
53．考查时态。句意：2008年5月12日，一场强烈的地震几乎摧毁了学校的一切，留下严重受损的建筑。根据上文On May 12, 2008可知为一般过去时，故填destroyed。
54．考查介词。句意：高层建筑已经建成，包括教室、实验楼和图书馆。后跟名词作宾语，表示“包括”应用介词including。故填including。
55．考查副词。句意：在新的环境中，师生们生活愉快，工作努力。修饰动词live应用副词happily，故填happily。
56．考查形容词。句意：曾经被毁坏的地方现在变成了一所充满生机的美丽学校，这真是令人惊讶。作表语，it是形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，表示事物的特征，应用形容词amazing“令人惊讶的”，故填amazing。
57．考查介词。句意：很明显，如果没有整个社会的帮助，就不会有今天的皮尤学校。后跟名词作宾语，表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。
58．考查冠词。句意：是爱和关心带来了巨大的变化。此处呼应第一句“I am deeply impressed by the great changes”特指学校发生的变化，应用定冠词the。故填the。
59．考查状语从句。句意：当我们像一个家庭一样团结起来，关心他人，帮助有需要的人/如果我们像一个家庭一样团结起来，关心他人，帮助有需要的人，我们就能创造奇迹。此处可理解为条件状语从句，表示“如果”用if引导；或理解为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when引导。故填if/when。
60．考查名词。句意：团结就是力量。作表语，应用名词strength，表抽象概念不可数。故填strength。
61．areas 62．powerful 63．immediately 64．the 65．which 66．and
67．damaged 68．have been reported 69．without 70．Putting
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了周一下午，日本西部发生7.5级地震的相关情况。
61．考查名词。句意：周一下午，日本西部发生7.5级地震，警告居民尽快逃离受影响的日本沿海地区。根据句意，此处表示不止一个地区，用可数名词area的复数形式作宾语。故填areas。
62．考查形容词。句意：强烈地震发生在当地时间下午4点10分，震源深度为10公里，位于石川Anamizu东北约42公里处。形容词powerful (强大的)作定语，修饰名词earthquake。故填powerful。
63．考查副词。句意：日本气象厅立即在日本西部沿海地区发布海啸警报，据报道，10多分钟后，第一波海啸袭击了该海岸。副词immediately (立即)作状语，修饰动词issued。故填immediately。
64．考查定冠词。句意：日本气象厅立即在日本西部沿海地区发布海啸警报，据报道，10多分钟后，第一波海啸袭击了该海岸。用定冠词the表特指，指日本西部海岸。故填the。
65．考查定语从句关系词。句意：据日本公共广播公司NHK报道，最早的一些报道来自石川和岛市，该市在下午4点21分左右出现了约1.2米的海啸。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the city of Wajima in Ishikawa，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
66．考查并列连词。句意：Suzu市官员Inlshikawa告诉记者，建筑物已经遭到破坏，并有人员受伤的报道。buildings have been damaged和there were reports of injuries是并列关系，用表并列关系的并列连词and。故填and。
67．考查过去分词。句意：据日本放送协会报道，该市警方表示，一些人被困在受损的房屋中。damage作定语，修饰house，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填damaged。
68．考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止还没有死亡报告。结合时间状语so far，主语No deaths和谓语动词report是被动关系，report用现在完成时的被动语态，主语No deaths复数，谓语复数形式。故填have been reported。
69．考查介词。句意：据北陆电力公司称，地震发生后，石川有32500多户家庭断电。介词without (没有)符合句意。故填without。
70．考查现在分词。句意：日本首相岸田文雄周一在X（前身为推特）上写道：“我们把人
的生命放在首位，正在尽一切努力评估损失——尽一切努力应对灾害。”分析句子可知，put用非谓语动词形式作状语，逻辑主语we和非谓语动词put是主动关系，put用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Putting。
71．problems 72．survival 73．and 74．swept 75．at 76．which/that 77．fewer 78．extremely 79．to break 80．be covered
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2023年的灾害情况以及未来的应对措施。
71．考查名词的数。句意：自然灾害是当今世界面临的主要问题之一，严重影响经济发展，威胁人类生存。problem为可数名词，此处为one of+可数名词复数。故填problems。
72．考查名词。句意：自然灾害是当今世界面临的主要问题之一，严重影响经济发展，威胁人类生存。作动词threaten的宾语，应用名词survival，不可数。故填survival。
73．考查连词。句意：2023年打破了气温记录，世界各地出现了创纪录的干旱、野火和洪水。结合前后文语境可知broken与seen为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
74．考查时态。句意：热浪席卷欧洲，北美爆发森林大火。空处为句子谓语动词，根据上文可知描述的是2023年发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填swept。
75．考查介词。句意：最贫困地区的人们往往面临极端天气的最大风险。at risk“处于危险中”是固定表达。故填at。
76．考查定语从句。句意：他们可能生活在更容易受到洪水和干旱伤害的地方。限制性定语从句修饰先行词places，在从句作主语，指物，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
77．考查比较级。句意：他们有更少的资源来处理损害并从中恢复。根据上文“are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought”可知此处指“更少的资源”应用比较级。故填fewer。
78．考查副词。句意：因此，灾害来袭后，他们遭受了极大的痛苦，并可能进一步陷入贫困。修饰动词suffer应用副词extremely，故填extremely。
79．考查非谓语动词。句意：联合国秘书长António Guterres提出，各国应共同努力，打破贫困的循环，到2027年，地球上的每个人都应该被早期预警系统覆盖。分析句子结构可知break在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to break。
80．考查语态。句意：联合国秘书长António Guterres提出，各国应共同努力，打破贫困的循环，到2027年，地球上的每个人都应该被早期预警系统覆盖。此处主语person与cover构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形。故填be covered。
81．its 82．ways 83．a 84．causing 85．were ruined 86．which 87．of 88．powerful 89．to fight 90．peacefully
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是历史上比较严重的两个自然灾害。
81．考查物主代词。句意：地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴、台风、干旱、山体滑坡、龙卷风、火山等灾害，经常显示出它的威力，并以各种方式给人类上了不同的课。根据语境可知，句子表示“地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴、台风、干旱、山体滑坡、龙卷风、火山等灾害，经常显示出它的威力”，空格处意为“它的”，用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词power，故填its。
82．考查名词的复数。句意：地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴、台风、干旱、山体滑坡、龙卷风、火山等灾害，经常显示出它的威力，并以各种方式给人类上了不同的课。空前有various，空格处用复数名词，故填ways。
83．考查冠词。句意：例如，2011年3月11日，一场大地震袭击了日本，引发了可怕的海啸。earthquake是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，huge是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a，故填a。
84．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，2011年3月11日，一场大地震袭击了日本，引发了可怕的海啸。句中谓语是struck，空格处用非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故填causing。
85．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：许多汽车、船只和建筑物被10米高的水墙毁坏。主语Many cars, ships and buildings与ruin之间是被动关系，句子用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were ruined。
86．考查定语从句。句意：地震释放的总能量相当于6.7万亿吨TNT炸药的爆炸，大约是世界上所有核武器总能量的1000倍。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词the explosion of 6.7 trillion tons of TNT是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
87．考查固定短语。句意：由于大量的火山灰，它对西欧和北欧的航空旅行造成了巨大的破坏。the large quantities of volcanic ash是名词性短语，because后跟句子，because of后跟名词或名词性短语，因此空格处是of，故填of。
88．考查形容词。句意：所有这些都显示了大自然的强大。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词nature，power的形容词是powerful，意为“强大的”，故填powerful。
89．考查不定式。句意：我们与自然作斗争甚至试图征服自然是不明智的。It is unwise of sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人做某事是不明智的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，故填to fight。
90．考查副词。句意：相反，我们应该努力学习如何与自然和平共处。空格处用副词修饰动词live，peaceful的副词是peacefully，意为“和平地”，故填peacefully。
单元话题语法填空练习
（22-23高一上·江西南昌·阶段练习）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Some countries have a large number of earthquakes. Japan is one of them, while others do not have so many. For example, there are few earthquakes in Britain. But they are 1 (frighten) when they break out.
There is often a great noise during 2 earthquake. The ground shakes; houses fall down; railways are destroyed, 3 causes trains to stop off. Sometimes thousands of people 4 (injure) in different ways. Some people say that earthquakes often happen near volcanoes (火山), 5 this is not true. The centers of some earthquakes are under the sea. The bottom of the sea suddenly moves. The 6 (power) forces inside the earth break the rocks. The coast is shaken and great waves appear. These waves travel a long 7 (distant) and rush over the land, 8 (break) down houses and other buildings. Sometimes they damage more buildings than the earthquake 9 (it). What kind of building stays up best in an earthquake The Americans studied carefully the results of the earthquake at San Francisco and believed it is best for buildings to be made with concrete (水泥) walls held together by steel frames (钢筋框架). Such buildings won’t burn or fall 10 (easy).
（23-24高一下·湖南长沙·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In late August, 2005, Hurricane Katrina, one of the most 11 （destroy）hurricanes in American history, hit the south-eastern parts of the country. It began on August 23, 12 （cause）only slight damage in the beginning. But it soon grew to be a Category5hurricane over the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico and caused severe damage along 13 （it）paths.
New Orleans, a city 14 was built largely below sea level, was worst hit. In reaction to the coming hurricane, the city government gave 15 order to clear the city 16 all residents. However, some of them chose to stay because they believed that the city’s defense system would keep them safe and sound, 17 others were unable to leave because they have no access 18 （transport）. The defense system finally failed. As a result, 80% of the city was flooded for weeks. People 19 （stick）in the city without power, food or drinking water, waiting for rescue with anxiety.
The hurricane died away on August 31. Hurricane Katrina, which caused nearly 2,000 deaths, 20
（leave）millions of people homeless.
（23-24高一下·江西新余·开学考试）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In recent years, the world 21 (see) a number of natural disasters: hurricanes in the Caribbean and southern U.S., earthquakes in Mexico, and monsoons (季风雨) in southern Asia. These 22 (event) brought damage to communities. They also brought questions about what we can do to prepare 23 (we) for similar events. The best thing to do when facing a coming natural disaster is to pay attention to your area’s evacuation notices and take advantage of evacuation help. However, it’s possible to 24 (catch) by an unexpected emergency. When 25 (face) with those situations, what should you do to stay safe How can you be better prepared Every family should have an emergency plan 26 addresses the most likely disasters in their area. Practical 27 (survive) skills should also be part of every family’s plan. These skills need to be learned and practiced before things get hard. This is because you 28 (simple) won’t have time to read a survival book during 29 emergency. 30 (stay) calm is the most important thing a person can do during any emergency. A little fear is a natural and healthy response (反应) to a frightening event. But when fear runs unchecked, a person may make dangerous choices. It takes practice to learn to stay calm in frightening situations, but it can be done.
（21-22高一下·江苏南京·阶段练习）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Storm Arwen hit much of Britain at the end of last week, causing disastrous 31 (consequence) including loss of life and property. The world-famous Bodnant Garden was among 32 worst-hit areas. Over 50 trees were uprooted including a 51-metre ‘Champion’ coast redwood ——the largest of its kind in Wales.
The Wallington Estate in Northumberland reported the most horrible storm in the past 40 years, 33 (destroy) as large as an area of 13 acres green space. Among 34 (variety) trees lost to the winds were 250-year-old oak and beech trees planted by Sir Walter Calverley Blackett.
“There have been tears. We 35 (see) storms and floods here before but this damage is never seen in living memory. The area worst 36 (affect) is Furnace Wood where we’ve done major repair work over the last decade.” said Adam Salvin, head gardener at Bodnant, 37 the clear-up is expected to take months.
“Our gardens and landscapes will take months to clear up and years, even decades, to 38 (full)
restore. Some won’t be the same again but I have no doubt that our amazing teams will recreate these much-loved places and reopen them for everyone 39 (enjoy).”
Damage is still being assessed but the National Trust expects the damage to cost it at least f3m. The charity is appealing 40 the people to make donations to help.
（23-24高一上·浙江杭州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白外填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the wake of a 6. 2-magnitude (震级) earthquake, 41 is vital that lines of communication remain open, and the temporary post stations in Jishishan county, the epicenter (震中) of the earthquake that struck on Dec 18, have played 42 crucial role in ensuring packages get in and out.
Ma Hailong, 32-year-old resident from Dahejia town in Jishishan county, 43 (lose) his home in the quake, but despite this, he was excited that he was able to send and receive packages just three days 44 the tragedy struck. He initially thought that postal services, especially 45 (delivery), would be suspended after the earthquake, which occurred just seconds before midnight on Dec 18.
Temporary post offices were set up in nine quake-hit towns and are now open for all postal services. In addition, six postal routes in the county remain open, and 24 delivery routes have resurned 46 (operate). The Dahejia post office reopened in a tent on Dec 20, 47 (receive) more than 2, 300 pieces of mail in two days, 48 were all delivered to residents in the quake-affected area. The temporary post office has also opened a green channel 49 financial services, handling the delivery of mail from courier (货运) companies such as SF Express in the disaster area.
To facilitate donations from various sectors of society, Gansu branches of China Post and the Postal Savings Bank of China 50 (open) special pathways for the earthquake-stricken area in Jishishan.
（22-23高一上·福建厦门·期中）在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给的词的正确形式填空。
I am deeply impressed by the great changes 51 have taken place in the school over the past three years. 52 May 12,2008 a severe earthquake 53 (destroy) almost everything in the school, leaving badly damaged buildings. It is now, however, taking on a new look. Tall buildings have been put up, 54 (include) classroom and laboratory buildings and a library. In the new environment, teachers and students are living 55 (happy) and working hard. It is really 56 (amaze) that the once-ruined place has now been turned into a beautiful school full of life.
Obviously, 57 the help of the whole society, there would be no pew school today. It is love and concern that have brought about 58 great changes. Many hands make light work. We can work wonders 59 we units as a family, caring for other and helping those in need. Union is 60 (strong).
（23-24高一上·江西新余·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck western Japan on Monday afternoon, leading to a warning for residents to escape affected coastal 61 (area) of Japan as soon as possible.
The 62 (power) earthquake struck at 4:10 p. m. local time at a depth of 10 kilometers, around 42 kilometers northeast of Anamizu in Ishikawa. The Japan Meteorological Agency 63 (immediate) issued a tsunami warning along coastal regions of western Japan, and the first waves were reported hitting 64 coast just over 10 minutes later.
Some of the first reports came from the city of Wajima in Ishikawa, 65 saw tsunami waves of around 1. 2 meters around 4: 21 p. m., according to Japanese public broadcaster NHK.
Suzu city officials Inlshikawa told reporters that buildings have been damaged, 66 there were reports of injuries. Police in the city said some people were trapped in 67 (damage) houses, according to NHK. No deaths 68 (report) so far. More than 32, 500 homes in Ishikawa were left 69 power following the quake, according to the Hokuriku Electric Power Company. “ 70 (put) human lives as priority, we are making every effort to assess damages — making every effort in disaster response,” Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida wrote on X, formerly Twitter, Monday.
（23-24高一上·福建福州·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Natural disasters are one of the major 71 (problem) facing the world today, seriously affecting economic development and threatening the 72 (survive) of mankind.
2023 has broken temperature records 73 seen record droughts, wildfires and floods around the world. Beijing experienced the heaviest rainfall in 140 years, causing widespread flooding. Heatwaves 74 (sweep) across Europe and forest fires erupted in North America. Experts warn that poverty (贫困) and inequality are worsening these disasters.
People in the poorest areas are often 75 greatest risk from extreme weather. They may live in places 76 are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought. They have 77 (few) resources to deal with damage and to recover from it. As a result, they suffer 78 (extreme) after disasters strike and may be
pushed further into poverty.
Fighting inequality for a resilient (韧性) future is the theme of 2023 International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction. UN Secretary-General António Guterres made a proposal that countries should work together 79 (break) the cycle of poverty and that every person on Earth should 80 (cover) by an early warning system by 2027.
（23-24高一上·广西柳州·阶段练习）语法填空
For many years, human beings have been trying to conquer nature, but never succeeded. What’s worse, nature has got angry. It often shows 81 (it) power and teaches human beings different lessons in various 82 (way), such as earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, sandstorms, typhoons, droughts, landslides, tornadoes, and volcanoes. Any of them can cause terrible disasters. For example, on March 11, 2011, 83 huge earthquake struck Japan, 84 (cause) a terrible tsunami. Many cars, ships and buildings 85 (ruin) by a ten-metre-high wall of water. Thousands of people were confirmed dead. The total energy released by the quake was equivalent to the explosion of 6.7 trillion tons of TNT, 86 is about a thousand times the total power of all the world’s nuclear weapons. Another event was the “huge volcanic eruption in Iceland” in 2010. It caused enormous damage to air travel across western and northern Europe because 87 the large quantities of volcanic ash. All of these show how 88 (power) nature is.
Compared with the great power of nature, human beings are so weak and even so helpless in face of the destruction caused by natural disasters. It would be unwise of us 89 (fight) against or even try to conquer nature. On the contrary, we should try to learn how to live with nature 90 (peaceful).
参考答案：
1．frightening 2．an 3．which 4．are injured 5．but 6．powerful 7．distance 8．breaking 9．itself 10．easily
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震产生的危害和影响。
1．考查形容词。句意：例如，英国很少发生地震。但是当地震发生的时候，他们还是令人害怕的。分析句式结构可知，此处要用形容词作表语，frightening是令人害怕的，修饰事物，主语they指前面提到的地震，指物。故填frightening。
2．考查冠词。句意：地震时常常有很大的噪音。earthquake是以元音因素开头的单词，且是泛指，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
3．考查定语从句。句意：大地震动；房子倒了；铁路被毁，导致火车停运。分析句式结构可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，指代前边 整句话，引导词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4．考查动词的时态和语态。句意：有时数以千万计的人们以不同的方式受伤了。people与injure之间是被动的关系，应用被动语态；文章叙述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时；而且主语people是复数，be动词要用are。故填are injured。
5．考查连词。句意：有人说地震常常发生在火山附近，但是这是不正确的。分析句意可知，前后句之间是转折关系。故填but。
6．考查形容词。句意：地球内部的强大力量打碎了岩石。分析句式结构可知，此处用形容词powerful作定语修饰名词forces。故填powerful。
7．考查名词。句意：这些海浪传播很长一段距离，冲过陆地，摧毁房屋和其他建筑物。形容词long修饰名词，distance意为距离，是可数名词，前面有a，此处的名词要用单数。故填distance。
8．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句式结构可知，此处用非谓语动词作状语，又因为these waves与break构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用非谓语动词中的现在分词作状语。故填breaking。
9．考查代词。句意：有时它们对建筑物的破坏比地震本身还要大。分析句意可知，此处表示“地震本身”，应用反身代词。故填itself。
10．考查副词。句意：这样的建筑不会轻易燃烧或倒塌。分析句式结构可知，此处用副词easily
修饰动词burn or fall。故填easily。
11．destructive 12．causing 13．its 14．which/that 15．an 16．of 17．while/but 18．to transport 19．were stuck 20．left
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了2005年8月下旬，美国历史上最具破坏性的飓风之一卡特里娜飓风袭击了美国东南部。
11．考查形容词。句意：2005年8月下旬，美国历史上最具破坏性的飓风之一卡特里娜飓风袭击了美国东南部。由空后hurricanes为名词以及空前the most可知，此处为形容词构成最高级形式，修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填destructive。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：它始于8月23日，一开始只造成了轻微的损害。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，cause和逻辑主语It为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填causing。
13．考查代词。句意：但它很快就在墨西哥湾温暖的水域上空发展成为五级飓风，并在其路径上造成了严重破坏。由空后paths为名词可知，此处为形容词性物主代词修饰该名词，满足句意要求。故填its。
14．考查定语从句。句意：新奥尔良是一个大部分建在海平面以下的城市，受灾最严重。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which/that引导的定语从句，先行词a city在从句中作主语成分。故填which/that。
15．考查冠词。句意：为了应对即将来临的飓风，市政府下令疏散所有居民。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语give an order“下命令”，满足句意要求，所以此处为冠词an的填入。故填an。
16．考查介词。句意：为了应对即将来临的飓风，市政府下令疏散所有居民。clear sth of sth从……清除……、将……驱离某地。故填of。
17．考查连词。句意：然而，他们中的一些人选择留下来，因为他们相信城市的防御系统会保证他们的安全，而另一些人则无法离开，因为他们没有交通工具。根据上下句句意可知，此处为连词while/but表示“而，但是”，满足句意要求。故填while/but。
18．考查动词不定式。句意：然而，他们中的一些人选择留下来，因为他们相信城市的防御系统会保证他们的安全，而另一些人则无法离开，因为他们没有交通工具。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语have access to do“有权限做某事”，所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填to
transport。
19．考查动词时态语态。句意：人们被困在没有电力、食物和饮用水的城市里，焦急地等待救援。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语People和stick为被动关系，结合上下句时态可知，为过去时，所以此处为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填were stuck。
20．考查动词时态。句意：卡特里娜飓风造成近2000人死亡，数百万人无家可归。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，结合上文时态可知，此处应为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。故填left。
21．has seen 22．events 23．ourselves 24．be caught 25．faced 26．which/that 27．survival 28．simply 29．an 30．Staying
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了近年来世界各地发生的自然灾害，并指出这些事件给社区带来的破坏和引发的关于应急准备的疑问。
21．
考查谓语动词。句意：近年来，世界上发生了许多自然灾害：加勒比地区和美国南部的飓风、墨西哥的地震和南亚的季风雨。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“In recent years”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，主语为“the world”，单数，谓语动词用has。故填has seen。
22．
考查名词的数。句意：这些事件给社区带来了破坏。根据空前的“these”可知，空处为可数名词的复数形式。故填events。
23．
考查代词。句意：它们也引发了关于我们如何为类似事件做好准备的疑问。代词担当宾语，表示主语本身，用反身代词，构成固定短语：prepare oneself for，意为“让自己为……做好准备”。故填ourselves。
24．
考查动词的用法。句意：然而，也有可能遇到意想不到的紧急情况。动词不定式符号后用动词原形，表示被动关系，用“be done”形式。故填be caught。
25．
考查状语从句的省略。句意：当面对这些情况时，你应该做些什么来保持安全？这里为状语
从句的省略，其完整形式为：when you are faced with those situations，和主句主语之间为被动关系，省略you are。故填faced。
26．
考查定语从句。句意：每个家庭都应该有一个应急预案，以应对他们所在地区最可能发生的灾害。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“an emergency plan”，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that。故填which/that。
27．
考查固定短语。句意：实用的生存技能也应该是每个家庭计划的一部分。固定短语：survival skills，意为“生存技能”，符合句意。故填survival。
28．
考查副词。句意：这是因为你根本没有时间在紧急情况下阅读生存手册。担当句子的状语，表示“仅仅”，用副词形式。故填simply。
29．
考查冠词。句意：这是因为你根本没有时间在紧急情况下阅读生存手册。修饰可数名词单数，表示泛指，用不定冠词；空后单词为元音音素开头，用an。故填an。
30．
考查非谓语动词。句意：在任何紧急情况下，保持冷静是一个人能做的最重要的事情。非谓语动词担当主语，表示主动关系，用动名词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Staying。
31．consequences 32．the 33．destroying 34．various 35．have seen 36．affected 37．where 38．fully 39．to enjoy 40．to
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述上周末，风暴Arwen袭击了英国大部分地区，造成了包括生命和财产损失在内的灾难性后果。
31．考查名词复数。句意：上周末，风暴Arwen袭击了英国大部分地区，造成了包括生命和财产损失在内的灾难性后果。分析句子可知，consequence表“后果”，为可数名词，再由including loss of life and property可知，这里应用复数形式作宾语。故填consequences。
32．考查冠词。句意：世界著名的Bodnant Garden是受灾最严重的地区之一。分析句子可知，worst-hit表“受灾最严重的”，为形容词最高级，前面需要加定冠词the。故填the。
33．考查非谓语。句意：Northumberland的沃灵顿庄园报告了过去40年来最可怕的风暴，
摧毁了多达13英亩的绿地。分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语，The Wallington Estate与destroy为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用现在分词作状语。故填destroying。
34．考查形容词。句意：在各种被风吹走的树木中，有Sir Walter Calverley Blackett种植的250年树龄的橡树和山毛榉。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词。故填various。
35．考查时态。句意：我们以前在这里见过风暴和洪水，但这种破坏在人们的记忆中从未见过。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语动词，We和see为主动关系，再由before可知，这里时态应用现在完成时。故填have seen。
36．考查非谓语。句意：受影响最严重的地区是Furnace Wood，过去十年我们在那里进行了大修。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，The area与affect为主动关系，再由句意可知，这里应用过去分词作定语。故填affected。
37．考查定语从句。句意：“受影响最严重的地区是Furnace Wood，过去十年我们在那里进行了大修。”Bodnant的首席园丁Adam Salvin说，在那里清理工作预计需要几个月的时间。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为Bodnant，关系词在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。
38．考查副词。句意：我们的花园和景观需要数月的时间才能清理干净，需要数年甚至数十年的时间才能完全恢复。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词。故填fully。
39．考查非谓语。句意：有些地方将不再是以前的样子，但我毫不怀疑，我们令人惊叹的团队将重建这些深受喜爱的地方，并重新开放，让每个人都能享受。分析句子可知，此空应填不定式作目的状语。故填to enjoy。
40．考查介词。句意：该慈善机构呼吁人们捐款帮助。分析句子可知，appeal to表“呼吁”，为固定搭配。故填to。
41．it 42．a 43．lost 44．after 45．deliveries 46．operation 47．receiving 48．which 49．for 50．have opened
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了地震后积石山县的临时邮局在确保包裹进出方面发挥了至关重要的作用。
41．考查形式主语。句意：在12月18日发生的6.2级地震之后，通信线路保持畅通至关重要，而位于震中积石山县的临时邮局在确保包裹进出方面发挥了至关重要的作用。此处使用
形式主语it，that引导的主语从句为真正的主语。故填it。
42．考查冠词。句意：在12月18日发生的6.2级地震之后，通信线路保持畅通至关重要，而位于震中积石山县的临时邮局在确保包裹进出方面发挥了至关重要的作用。play a/an...role in“起……作用”，且crucial以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。play a crucial role in“发挥至关重要的作用”。故填a。
43．考查时态。句意：32岁的马海龙是鸡石山县大河家镇的居民，他在地震中失去了家园，但尽管如此，他还是很兴奋，因为他在悲剧发生三天后就能收发包裹了。根据句意及空后的was可知，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，用lose“失去”的过去式。故填lost。
44．考查连词。句意：32岁的马海龙是鸡石山县大河家镇的居民，他在地震中失去了家园，但尽管如此，他还是很兴奋，因为他在悲剧发生三天后就能收发包裹了。根据句意可知，用连词after“之后，（时间）在……后”。故填after。
45．考查名词的数。句意：地震发生在12月18日午夜前几秒钟，他最初以为邮政服务，尤其是快递会在地震后暂停。结合句意可知，delivery“递送”不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故填deliveries。
46．考查名词。句意：此外，该县6条邮政路线保持开放，24条投递路线已恢复运营。本空用不可数名词operation“运营”，作宾语。故填operation。
47．考查非谓语动词。句意：12月20日，大河家邮局在一个帐篷里重新开放，两天内收到了2300多封邮件，这些邮件都被送到了地震灾区的居民手中。本句谓语为reopened，此处为非谓语动词，且The Dahejia post office与receive“收到”为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填receiving。
48．考查定语从句。句意：12月20日，大河家邮局在一个帐篷里重新开放，两天内收到了2300多封邮件，这些邮件都被送到了地震灾区的居民手中。分析句子结构可知，本空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是more than 2, 300 pieces of mail，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
49．考查介词。句意：临时邮局还开通了金融服务绿色通道，处理顺丰速递等快递公司在灾区的邮件投递。本空用介词for，a channel for “一个……的渠道/通道”。故填for。
50．考查时态。句意：为方便社会各界捐款，中国邮政甘肃分公司和中国邮政储蓄银行已经为积石山地震灾区开辟了专项通道。根据句意可知，open“打开”这一动作开始于过去，对现在也有影响，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语Gansu branches of China Post and the Postal Savings Bank of China 是复数，所以助动词用have。故填have opened。
51．that/which 52．On 53．destroyed 54．including 55．happily 56．amazing 57．without 58．the 59．if/when 60．strength
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者主要说明了5·12地震后学校所发生的巨大变化。
51．考查定语从句。句意：过去三年来学校发生的巨大变化给我留下了深刻的印象。定语从句修饰先行词changes，在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。
52．考查介词。句意：2008年5月12日，一场强烈的地震几乎摧毁了学校的一切，留下严重受损的建筑。表示在具体某一天应用介词on，首字母大写。故填On。
53．考查时态。句意：2008年5月12日，一场强烈的地震几乎摧毁了学校的一切，留下严重受损的建筑。根据上文On May 12, 2008可知为一般过去时，故填destroyed。
54．考查介词。句意：高层建筑已经建成，包括教室、实验楼和图书馆。后跟名词作宾语，表示“包括”应用介词including。故填including。
55．考查副词。句意：在新的环境中，师生们生活愉快，工作努力。修饰动词live应用副词happily，故填happily。
56．考查形容词。句意：曾经被毁坏的地方现在变成了一所充满生机的美丽学校，这真是令人惊讶。作表语，it是形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句，表示事物的特征，应用形容词amazing“令人惊讶的”，故填amazing。
57．考查介词。句意：很明显，如果没有整个社会的帮助，就不会有今天的皮尤学校。后跟名词作宾语，表示“没有”应用介词without。故填without。
58．考查冠词。句意：是爱和关心带来了巨大的变化。此处呼应第一句“I am deeply impressed by the great changes”特指学校发生的变化，应用定冠词the。故填the。
59．考查状语从句。句意：当我们像一个家庭一样团结起来，关心他人，帮助有需要的人/如果我们像一个家庭一样团结起来，关心他人，帮助有需要的人，我们就能创造奇迹。此处可理解为条件状语从句，表示“如果”用if引导；或理解为时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when引导。故填if/when。
60．考查名词。句意：团结就是力量。作表语，应用名词strength，表抽象概念不可数。故填strength。
61．areas 62．powerful 63．immediately 64．the 65．which 66．and
67．damaged 68．have been reported 69．without 70．Putting
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了周一下午，日本西部发生7.5级地震的相关情况。
61．考查名词。句意：周一下午，日本西部发生7.5级地震，警告居民尽快逃离受影响的日本沿海地区。根据句意，此处表示不止一个地区，用可数名词area的复数形式作宾语。故填areas。
62．考查形容词。句意：强烈地震发生在当地时间下午4点10分，震源深度为10公里，位于石川Anamizu东北约42公里处。形容词powerful (强大的)作定语，修饰名词earthquake。故填powerful。
63．考查副词。句意：日本气象厅立即在日本西部沿海地区发布海啸警报，据报道，10多分钟后，第一波海啸袭击了该海岸。副词immediately (立即)作状语，修饰动词issued。故填immediately。
64．考查定冠词。句意：日本气象厅立即在日本西部沿海地区发布海啸警报，据报道，10多分钟后，第一波海啸袭击了该海岸。用定冠词the表特指，指日本西部海岸。故填the。
65．考查定语从句关系词。句意：据日本公共广播公司NHK报道，最早的一些报道来自石川和岛市，该市在下午4点21分左右出现了约1.2米的海啸。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the city of Wajima in Ishikawa，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。
66．考查并列连词。句意：Suzu市官员Inlshikawa告诉记者，建筑物已经遭到破坏，并有人员受伤的报道。buildings have been damaged和there were reports of injuries是并列关系，用表并列关系的并列连词and。故填and。
67．考查过去分词。句意：据日本放送协会报道，该市警方表示，一些人被困在受损的房屋中。damage作定语，修饰house，二者之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填damaged。
68．考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止还没有死亡报告。结合时间状语so far，主语No deaths和谓语动词report是被动关系，report用现在完成时的被动语态，主语No deaths复数，谓语复数形式。故填have been reported。
69．考查介词。句意：据北陆电力公司称，地震发生后，石川有32500多户家庭断电。介词without (没有)符合句意。故填without。
70．考查现在分词。句意：日本首相岸田文雄周一在X（前身为推特）上写道：“我们把人
的生命放在首位，正在尽一切努力评估损失——尽一切努力应对灾害。”分析句子可知，put用非谓语动词形式作状语，逻辑主语we和非谓语动词put是主动关系，put用现在分词形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Putting。
71．problems 72．survival 73．and 74．swept 75．at 76．which/that 77．fewer 78．extremely 79．to break 80．be covered
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2023年的灾害情况以及未来的应对措施。
71．考查名词的数。句意：自然灾害是当今世界面临的主要问题之一，严重影响经济发展，威胁人类生存。problem为可数名词，此处为one of+可数名词复数。故填problems。
72．考查名词。句意：自然灾害是当今世界面临的主要问题之一，严重影响经济发展，威胁人类生存。作动词threaten的宾语，应用名词survival，不可数。故填survival。
73．考查连词。句意：2023年打破了气温记录，世界各地出现了创纪录的干旱、野火和洪水。结合前后文语境可知broken与seen为并列关系，应用连词and。故填and。
74．考查时态。句意：热浪席卷欧洲，北美爆发森林大火。空处为句子谓语动词，根据上文可知描述的是2023年发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填swept。
75．考查介词。句意：最贫困地区的人们往往面临极端天气的最大风险。at risk“处于危险中”是固定表达。故填at。
76．考查定语从句。句意：他们可能生活在更容易受到洪水和干旱伤害的地方。限制性定语从句修饰先行词places，在从句作主语，指物，应用关系代词which/that。故填which/that。
77．考查比较级。句意：他们有更少的资源来处理损害并从中恢复。根据上文“are more likely to be harmed by flooding and drought”可知此处指“更少的资源”应用比较级。故填fewer。
78．考查副词。句意：因此，灾害来袭后，他们遭受了极大的痛苦，并可能进一步陷入贫困。修饰动词suffer应用副词extremely，故填extremely。
79．考查非谓语动词。句意：联合国秘书长António Guterres提出，各国应共同努力，打破贫困的循环，到2027年，地球上的每个人都应该被早期预警系统覆盖。分析句子结构可知break在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to break。
80．考查语态。句意：联合国秘书长António Guterres提出，各国应共同努力，打破贫困的循环，到2027年，地球上的每个人都应该被早期预警系统覆盖。此处主语person与cover构成被动关系，且should后跟动词原形。故填be covered。
81．its 82．ways 83．a 84．causing 85．were ruined 86．which 87．of 88．powerful 89．to fight 90．peacefully
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是历史上比较严重的两个自然灾害。
81．考查物主代词。句意：地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴、台风、干旱、山体滑坡、龙卷风、火山等灾害，经常显示出它的威力，并以各种方式给人类上了不同的课。根据语境可知，句子表示“地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴、台风、干旱、山体滑坡、龙卷风、火山等灾害，经常显示出它的威力”，空格处意为“它的”，用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词power，故填its。
82．考查名词的复数。句意：地震、洪水、飓风、沙尘暴、台风、干旱、山体滑坡、龙卷风、火山等灾害，经常显示出它的威力，并以各种方式给人类上了不同的课。空前有various，空格处用复数名词，故填ways。
83．考查冠词。句意：例如，2011年3月11日，一场大地震袭击了日本，引发了可怕的海啸。earthquake是可数名词的单数形式，表泛指，前面要加不定冠词，huge是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a，故填a。
84．考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，2011年3月11日，一场大地震袭击了日本，引发了可怕的海啸。句中谓语是struck，空格处用非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故填causing。
85．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：许多汽车、船只和建筑物被10米高的水墙毁坏。主语Many cars, ships and buildings与ruin之间是被动关系，句子用被动语态，句子描述过去的事情，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用were。故填were ruined。
86．考查定语从句。句意：地震释放的总能量相当于6.7万亿吨TNT炸药的爆炸，大约是世界上所有核武器总能量的1000倍。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词the explosion of 6.7 trillion tons of TNT是物，因此空格处用关系代词which，故填which。
87．考查固定短语。句意：由于大量的火山灰，它对西欧和北欧的航空旅行造成了巨大的破坏。the large quantities of volcanic ash是名词性短语，because后跟句子，because of后跟名词或名词性短语，因此空格处是of，故填of。
88．考查形容词。句意：所有这些都显示了大自然的强大。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词nature，power的形容词是powerful，意为“强大的”，故填powerful。
89．考查不定式。句意：我们与自然作斗争甚至试图征服自然是不明智的。It is unwise of sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人做某事是不明智的”，其中It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，故填to fight。
90．考查副词。句意：相反，我们应该努力学习如何与自然和平共处。空格处用副词修饰动词live，peaceful的副词是peacefully，意为“和平地”，故填peacefully。