中考英语专题复习：动词考点讲解

中考专题复习：动词考点讲解
动词的分类
一、中考要求：
　　中考近年主要考查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )连系动词be，feel，look，taste，smell等用法；及物动词和不及物动词的用法；助动词
do/does/did和have/has的用法；情态动词的用法。
二、知识要点：
1. 连系动词
　　连系动词也称为系动词，用于连接主语和表语，表示主语身份、性质、状态。连系动词有一定词义，但不完
整，不能单独做谓语，必须和表语连用，构成系 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表结构。例如：
　　 You are a teacher, but not a good one. 你是一个老师，但不是好老师。
　　 We feel very happy when we know it. 当我们知道这个的时候，我们都非常高兴。
　　英语经常用到的连系动词有：
　　(1) 状态连系动词：表示主语的状态、性质、身份。常用的有be。
　　　　My father is very strong. 我的爸爸非常强壮。
　　(2) 持续连系动词：表示继续或保持一种状态或情况。
　　　　常用的有：stay （保持），remain （保持），continue （继续）等。
　　(3) 表象连系动词：用来表示“看起来”的这一概念的词。
　　　　常见的有 appear（看起来），seem（看似），look（看起来）。
　　　　Your mother looks much younger than I thought. 你妈妈比我想象得年轻多了。
　　(4) 感官连系动词：
　　　　常用的有feel（摸起来)，taste（尝起来)，smell（闻起来)，sound（听起来）look（看起来)。
　　　　The milk tastes a little sour. 这牛奶品尝起来有点酸。
　　(5) 转变或结果连系动词：become（变为)，get（成为)，grow（长得)，turn（变得)，go（变得)等。
　　　　Our village is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的村庄正在变得越来越漂亮。
中考演练
( ) 1 The stars _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__ very small because they're very far away from us.
A. are B. look C. change D. become
( ) 2 The room ___ cool in summer and 'warm in winter.
A. feels B. is felt C. feels to be D. is felt to be
( ) 3 You don't look so___ as usual. Why not go to see a doctor
A. well B. better C. badly D. worse
( ) 4 His temperature seems ____.
A. right B. all right C. well D. true
( ) 5 The cake smells .
A. well B. badly C. good D. terribly
2.助动词
　　助动词本身没有词意，或者意义不完全，不能单独作谓语，只能和别的动词一起在句子中作谓语，帮助动词
构成各种时态、语态等及否定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、疑问、强调等。主要的助动词有：be，do，have，shall，will等。例如：
　　 Will you have a sports meeting next week 你们下一个星期举行体育运动会吗？
　　 Is your mother cooking？你妈妈在做饭吗？
　　 Don’t be late for class next time. 下次上课不要再迟到了。
3. 情态动词
　　情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词连用作谓语，表示说话人的语气和情感。主要的情态动词有：can，may，must，need，would，could，might，dare等。使用情态动词要注意以下方面：
　　(1) 含must的一般疑问句，肯定回答仍用must，否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to，表示“不必”。一般不 能用mustn’t，因为mustn’t表示“不可以、禁止”，语气很强。例如：
　　—Must I finish my homework now 我必须现在完成作业吗？
　　—No, you needn’t. 不，不必要。　　
(2) may开头的一般疑问句，肯定回 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )答用may，否定回答用mustn’t。例如：
　　—May I smoke here 我可以在这里吸烟吗？
　　—No, you mustn’t. 不，不可以。　　
(3) 表示可能性或推测时，can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )多用于否定句或疑问句，cannot表示“不可能”；may多用于陈述句，may not表示“可能不”；must只用于肯定句，表示“一定、准是”。
　　You may be right or may not be right. 你可能对也可能不对。
　　The news can’t be true. 这消息不可能是真的。
　　She must be angry. 她一定是生气了。　　
(4) need用作情态动词主要用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于否定句、疑问句和条件句，表示“需要”，也可以作实义动词，后跟名词、代词、不定式、动词-ing形式等。need开头的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must。
　　You needn’t come if you are busy. 如果忙，你就不必来了。（情态动词）
　　—Need I come tomorrow 我明天需要来吗？
　　—No, you needn’t. / Yes, you must. 不，没必要。/ 是的，你必须+来。（情态动词）
　　He needs to get some sleep. 他需要睡一会。（实义动词）　　
(5) used to 表示“过去常常”，现 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在并不如此了。常与过去的时间状语连用，否定形式是usen’t to 或don’t use to。一般疑问句将used提前或用“Did … use to … ”
　　We used to go there every year. 我们过去每年去那儿。　　
(6) have to的意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )思接近must，但是must强调说话者的主观意愿。have to强调客观上的必要性，常译成“不得不“。have to可以用于多种时态，其疑问句、否定句都要借助do构成。
　　Do you have to leave now 你现在必须走了吗？
　　You don’t have to get up early. 你没有必要早起。　　
(7) be able ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to表示具体的能力，与can用法相近，can只有一般现在时和一般过去时，be able to 可用更多的时态。was / were able to侧重又能力而且成功地做成了某事，而could只表示过去具备某种能力。
　　The maths problem was hard but I was able to work it out. 这道数学题很难，但我做出来了。
动词的形式做题技巧
确定正确的时态
1.根据时间状语确定时态.时间状语与时态有着密切的关系.
a. I ________ (write) now.
b. I ______(lose) my pen yesterday.
c. We ___________ (study) English for two years.
2.根据上下文来确定时态
有些句子没有明显的时间状语,又不能用时态呼应规则来对照,这时就可以根据上下文内容来判断时间关系,确定正确时态.
A.Where are the twi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns B.They ______ (go) to visit Uncle Wang.
3.根据主从句的关系来确定时态.
*1.come,go,leave 等趋向性动词的进行时可用来表示即将发生的动作.
*2.永恒的真理和客观存在的状态用一般现在时.
*3.祈使句中,或在情态动词,助动词后,谓语动词用原形
Don't _____ (read)in the sun , will you
You'd better _____ (stay)at home since it's raining outside.
注意所填动词的语态
Today both basketb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )all and volleyball _________(play) in many countries.
4.根据语言习惯来确定时态
确定动词的形式
1. be busy,what about等后用动词的-ing 形式.
2.在介词后一般应用动词的-ing 形式.
3.在 keep,enjoy,finish,mind 等动词后采用动词的--ing 形式.
4.在动词 decide,hope ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),wish,hate 等动词后应用动词不定式作宾语,而在ask, tell,want,teach 之后则用动词不定式的复合结构,即 “ask sb. to do sth.”的形式
5.在see,hear,watch,ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke,let等后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式应省略动词不定式符号“ to”, 但在被动句中, 应添上"to".
6.在 It‘s time(for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sb.)to do sth. It's kind/nice/good of sb. to do sth.
It takes sb. some time to do sth. 的句型中, 动词不定式短语作句子真正的主语.
7.疑问代词/副词 (why 除外) + to do sth. 结构,可在句中作主语, 表语和宾语.
练习题
1.The Great Green ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Wall will stop the wind from (blow) the earth away.
2.Mr Smith ke ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pt on (ask) the players to remember-----TEAMWORK
3.Alice didn't hear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what the teacher said just now,so she doesn't know how (do) the problem.
4.The policeman asked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the old granny to put down her heavy box and let him (carry) it for her.
5.用help,happen,listen,have,ask,be,plant,miss,leave,look的适当形式填空:
(1).WangHai is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a good comrade.He always does his best _others.
(2).Dig the hole big enough,or the trees can’t ___________well .
(3).It's time for class.Let's stop to the teacher.
(4).Her face turned ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) red when she _ to sing a song for all of us.
(5).She is older than Mary but much younger.
(6).--I can't find my keys.--Maybe you ___________ them at home.
(7).We waited in the next room while they ____________a meeting.
(8).Hurry up.You __________the train if you don't.
动词的时态
一、中考要求：
　　英语的动词的时态共有十六种，但是中考常考的主要有八种，一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去
进行时、一般将来时、过去将来时、现在完成时，过去完成时等时态的构成和用法。其中难点是一般过去时和过去完成时的区别。
二、知识要点：
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　时态的构成　 （以speak为例）
　　　式
　时 一　 般 进　 行 完　 成
现　 在 speak / speaks am/ is/ are speaking has / have spoken
过　 去 Spoke was / were speaking had spoken
将 来 shall/ will speak
is/ am/ are going to speak should / would speak
was/ were going to speak \
1. 一般现在时的用法
（1）表示经 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常发生的动作或者经常存在的状态。经常和表示时间的状语often，always，usually，sometimes，every
day等连用。例如：
My sis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter usually goes to school on foot. 　我姐姐经常步行去上学。
We often come to school at six in the morning. 我们经常在早上六点到学校。
（2）表示某种习惯或者能力，也可以表示职业、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )特征等。例如：
　　　　 My mother often gets up very early in the morning. 我的妈妈经常在早上起床很早。
　　　　 This kind of car runs very fast. 这种小汽车跑得非常快。
（3）表示客观事实、客观规律或者客观真理。例如：
　　　 　This kind of trees never grows in the desert. 这种树从来不在沙漠里生长。
　　　　 Do you know that knowledge is power 你知道知识就是力量吗？
（4）在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，表示将来的动作。例如：
　　　　 They’ll be so happy when I tell them. 我告诉他们时，他们会很高兴的。
　　　　 If you aren’t here on time tomorrow, I’ll write to your parents.
　　　　 如果你明天不准时到，我就给你父母亲写信。　　
注意：
（1）一般现在时的第三人称单数：在一般现在时中，如果句子的主语是第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用其 第
三人称单数形式。例如：
　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　My father often watches TV after dinner at home. 我的爸爸经常在晚饭后在家看电视。
（2）一般现在时的谓语如果是实义动词，其否定句和一般疑问句要用助动词do，第三人称单数用does，doesn’t
来构成。例如：
　　My l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ittle brother doesn’t do his homework at school. 我的小弟弟不在学校做家庭作业。
【中考链接】　
（ ）1. --Mum, _______ shall we have lunch
　　 --We will have it when your dad_________.（连云港）
　　 A. when; returns ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. where; returns C. where; will return D. when; will return
（ ）2. --Tomorrow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will be Father's Day. What will you do for your father
　　 -- I will s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay "I love you, Daddy" as soon as he _______ up. （南通）
　　 A. will wake B. is waking C. wakes D. woke
（ ）3. Our teacher said light________ faster than sound. （宿迁）
　　 A. travelle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d B. has travelled C. is travelling D. travels
（ ）4. --Let's go fishing if it _______ this weekend.
　　 --But nobody knows if it_______.（扬州）
　　 A. is fine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), will rain B. will be fine, rains C. is fine, rains D. will be fine, will rain
（ ）5. --Is your father a doctor
　 　--Yes, he is. He________ in Town Hospital. (武汉)
　　 A. has worked B. had worked C. works D. worked
2. 动词一般过去时的用法：
（1）表示 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过去经常发生的动作或者过去经常存在的状态。常与表示过去的时间状语yesterday，just now，a moment
ago，last week/ year/ n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ight，in 1985，in those days，when I was at middle school等连用。例如：
　　 They went to college last year. 他们是去年上大学。
　　 We had a good time in the park yesterday. 我们昨天在公园玩得很高兴。
（2）表示过去接连发生的一系列动作。例如：
　　　 　We played football first，then went boating and fishing,，and at last had a picnic there.
　　　 　我们先踢足球，然后去划船、钓鱼。最后我们在那里野餐。
（3）在时间、条件、让步状语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句中，表示过去将来的动作。
　　　　 She told me that she would not leave until I came back. 她告诉我我回来她才会离开。　　
注意：
（1）表示过去经常或反复的动作， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )而现在却不这样做了，也可以用used to +动词原形来表示。例如：
　　　　 I used to get up very late. 我过去总是起床很晚。
（2）如果主句的谓语动词是现在完成时，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时。例如：
　　　　 We have made a lot of friends since we came here.
　　　 　自从我们来到这里以来已经交了很多的朋友。
（3）谈论某人的出生日期经常用一般过去时。例如：
　　　　 —When were you born 你是什么时候出生的？
　　　 　—I was born in 1983. 我出生于1983年。
3. 现在进行时的用法：
（1）表示说话的时候正在发生的动作，经常与时间状语now，at present，at this time/ moment等连用。例如：
　　　　 The boys are playing football over there now. 这些男孩子们正在那边踢足球。
　　　　 My father is watching TV with my mother now. 我的爸爸正在和妈妈一起看电视。
（2）表示现阶段正在进行着的动作，但不一定在说话时正在进行。经常与now，these days等时间状语连用。
例如：
　　　　 I am learning French in Beijing these days.　 这些天我正在北京学法语。
（3）一些瞬间动词的现在进行时可以表示一般将来时表示“即将……”，常有表示将来的时间状语。常用的这类
动词有go, come, lea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve, start, arrive, work, have, stay, play, return等。例如：
　　　　 Hurry up! The bus is coming. 快点！公共汽车马上就要开了。
　　　　 He is coming back tomorrow. 他明天会回来。
注意：表示状态和感觉的动词如果指现在情况的话，一般不用于进行时，而要用一般现在时。这样的动词有：love, like, hate, want, hope, need, wish, know, understand, remember, belong, hear, see, seem, have(有), sound(听起来), taste（尝起来）等。
【中考链接】
　　（ ）1. --Where's your mother, Helen
　 　--She________ the flowers in the garden. （镇江）
　　 A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered
　　（ ）2. --Hurry up! It's time to leave. --OK, ________.（孝感）
　　 A. I'm coming B. I'll come C. I've come D. I come
　　（ ）3. --Shall we invite Tom to play football now
　　 --Oh, no. He his clothes.（泸州）
　　 A. is washing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. washes C. has washed D. washed
4. 过去进行时的用法：
表示说话的过去某个时候或某一阶段正在进行的动作。这一特定时间除了有上下文暗示外，经常和表示过去
时间的状语then，a mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ment ago，at this time yesterday，at ten last night，at that time/ moment等连用。例如：
　　—What were you doing at this time yesterday 昨天这个时候你正在做什么？
　　—I was cooking with my mother. 我正和我妈妈一起做饭。
5. 一般将来时的用法：
　　表示将来发生的动作或者存在的状态。常和表示将来的时间状语，如tomorrow，next week/ year/ month，this afternoon/ evening，tonight，in a few days，when he comes等连用。一般将来时的构成：
1） will/shall＋动词原形
2）be going to＋动词原形。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )其中shall用于第一人称，will用于第二和第三人称。例如：
　　I’ll come and help you tomorrow. 我明天来帮助你。
　　He will go to Beijing and see his father next week. 他下个星期去北京看他的爸爸。　　
注意：
（1）shall一般和第一人称的代词连用构成shall I或者shall we的一般疑问句，用来询问对方的意图和愿望，征
求别人同意等。在以第二人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求.例如：
　　Shall we go swimming this afternoon 今天下午我们去游泳好吗？
Will you please lend me your pen
（2）当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等.
eg. I will give you an English--Chinese dictionary for your birthday.
（3）助动词shall引起的一般疑问 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句征求别人同意时，回答不能用Yes, you shall或者No, you shall not，应该用Yes, please do.或者No, please don’t. 例如：
—Shall I close the window 我把窗户关上好吗？
—No, please don’t.不，别关。
（4）be going to+动词原形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，常用来表示已经决定或安排要做的事，也用于表示必然或很可能发生的事。例如：
　　 They are going to finish the work this evening. 他们打算今天晚上完成这项工作。
　　 It’s going to snow. 要下雪了。
中考演练
( ) 1 Wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll you go to the Great Wall if it ___ fine tomorrow
A. will B. was C. is going to be D. is
( ) 2 Please come to our meeting if you ___ free tomorrow.
A. will B. will be C. are D. were
( ) 3 ___ you free now I have some questions to ask you.
A. Will B. Do C. Are D. Would
6. 过去将来时的用法：
　　表示过去某个将来时间发生的动作或者存在的状态。第一人称用should＋动词原形，其他人称用would＋动词原形。也可以用was/were +going +to ＋动词原形。过去将来时经常用在间接引语中，主句的谓语动词是一般过去时。例如：
　　Your father said he was going to visit your school next week.
　　你爸爸说他下个星期要到你的学校参观。
　　They said they would come the next day.　 他们说第二天就回来。
7.现在完成时的用法：
（1）表示动作发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或者结果，而这种影响或者结果往往是说话人的兴趣所在。常用的状语有already, yet, not… yet, now, just, by this time等。例如：
The bus has come here. 公共汽车已经来了。
Someone has cleaned the window. 有人已经擦了窗户。
（2）表示过去已经开始，持续到现在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )而且可能继续下去的动作。常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如today, this week/ month/ summer, lately, recently, these days, so far, in the past few days, since the end of last year, for a long time等。例如：
We have lived here for two years. 我们在这里住了两年了。　　
注意：
（1）buy，borrow，die等非延续性动词（也称为瞬间动词）的肯定形式一般不能和表示一段时间的for短语
及since短 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语（或从句）连用，这时要用相应的动词代替这些非延续性动词。例如：
　　(×) I have bought the bike for two years. 我买这辆自行车两年了。
　　(√) I have had the bike for two years.
瞬间动词与延续动词的转换：
　　buy—have　　　　　 stop—be over　　　　 leave—be away　 　　 come back—be back　
　　borrow—keep 　　　 die—be dead 　　　　 begin—be on　　　　　 fall asleep—be asleep
　　arrive—be here　　 get up—be up 　　　　join—be in／be a member
　　例如：
　　They borrowed the book two weeks ago．他们两个星期前借的这本书。
　　→ They have kept the book for two weeks．
　　A month has passed since he left home. 他离开家已经一个月了。
　　→ He has been away from home for a month.　　
（2）注意以下表示法的含义及用法： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
　　have been (to): 去过或到过（某地）（表示某人过去的经历）
　　have gone (to)：去（某地）了 （现在可能已在某地）
　　have come (to)：来（某地）了 （现在可能已在某地）
　　have been in… +一段时间: 已在某地一段时间了
　　例如：
　　He has been to Hangzhou several times. 他到过杭州几次了。
　　He has gong to Hangzhou, so he can’t help us. 他去杭州了，所以他不可能帮助我们。
　　He has come to our city. Let’s go to visit him. 他已经到我们城市来了，我们去拜访他吧。
　　She has been in London for half a year. 她在伦敦已经半年了。
（3）Since用法小结：
1) since +过去一个时间点 (如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
3) since +从句
Great changes have taken place since you left.
Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here.
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student
（3）现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
　　现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果、影响等，所以不能和表示过去的时间状语连
用；一般过去时只表示过去的事实， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不表示和现在的关系，可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：
　　—Have you seen the film —Yes, I have. (表示结果：已经看过了，因此了解了这部电影)
　　—When did you see it —I saw it last Sunday. (表示事实：过去做的一件事的时间)
　　He has taught this class for two years. （现在仍教着，或者刚刚停止）
　　He taught this class for two years. （过去教过）
中考连接
( )1．I__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ a letter from him since he left．（天津市）
A．didn't receive B．haven't got C．didn't have D．haven't heard
( )2．How long have you _______ this book？（哈尔滨市）
A．bought B．borrowed C．had D．lent
( )3．You'v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e never seen such a wonderful film before，_______ ？（河北省）
A．haven't you B．have you C．do you D．don't you
( )4．We have lived here _______ five years ago．（河南省）
A．when B．since ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )C．before D．after
( )5．—How do you like Beijing，Mr Black？ —Oh，I _______ such a beautiful city．（江西省）
A．don't visit B．didn't visit C．haven't visited D．hadn't visited
( )6．His brother has been to Stone Forest twice _______ he came to Yunnan．（昆明市）
A．after B．before C．since D．for
( )7．His grandpa _______ for two years．（广西）
A．was died B．has been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dead C．was dead D．has died
( )8．—Have you ever_______ to Haikou？ —Yes，I_______ there with my family last August．（海南省）
A．gone；went B．been；went C．been；went to D．been；was in
( )9．His sister _______ her hometown for three years． She'll return next year．（合肥市）
A．left B．has left C．has been away D．has been away from
8. 过去完成时的用法：
　过去完成时和现在完成时的用法基本相似，表示某个动作在过去的某个时间之前已经完成，即“过去的过去”。
现在完成时以现在为基准，而过去完成时则以过去某个时刻为基准。见下图：　　
1）.过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在“过去的过去”。如：
When I woke up, it had stopped raining.
我醒来时，雨已经停了。（主句的动作发生在“过去的过去”）
2）.当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 如：
He told ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 )
3）.过去完成时需要与一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ，yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。
　Before she came ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　
　 Peter had collec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
4）.过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，
仍然有继续下去的可能。如：
　　By the end of last ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.
（ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继 续进行下去的可能）
中考连接
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1. We (paint) the house before we ________ (move) in.
2. Paul (go) out with Jane after he (make) a phone call.
3. Tom (say) he had read_______ (read) the book twice.
4. Our plan (fail ) because we (make) a bad mistake.
5.When I __________(arrive) at the station, he (leave).
6.We (learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
二、单项选择
( )1. I _____ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
( )2. She said she _______ the principle already
A .has seen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. saw C. will see D. had seen
( )3. She had writte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n a number of books _____ the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
( )4. He _______ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )piano B. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.
( )5. By the time he was 4, he _ ____ a lot of German words.
A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns
( )6. The stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents ______ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
非谓语动词　
一、中考要求：
　　非谓语动词在中考经常考查动词不定式的用法、动名词的用法及非谓语动词与某些动词的固定搭配等。二、知识要点：
（1）有些动词只能接不定式作宾语。如：
agree (同意)， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )offer (提出)， plan (打算，计划) ，ask (要求)， promise (答应)， help (帮忙)，
prepare (准备)， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )decide (决定)， refuse (拒绝)， dare (敢于)， choose (选择)， wish，
hope（希望）， want， would like (想要)等。
（2）有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，初中常见的动词有：
mind, finish, disl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ike, enjoy, keep, suggest等，另外 在介词后面要用动名词作宾语如prevent sb. from, look
forward to, succeed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in，be used to(习惯于) 等这些短语后。
　　　I enjoy playing the piano very much. 我非常喜欢弹钢琴。
　　　We are looking forward to seeing you soon. 我们渴望不久以后见到你。　　
（3）有些动词接不定式和动名词作宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语都可以，但是有区别，例如：
　　A: remember to do 记得去做某事　　　　(未做)
　　　remember doing　记得做过某事　　　 (已做)
　　　Remember to go to the post office after school 记着放学后去趟邮局。
　　 Don’t you remember seeing the man before 你不记得以前见过那个人吗
B: forget to do　忘 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )记要去做某事。　(未做)
　　 forget doing　忘记做过某事。　　(已做)
　　　The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
　　　办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
　　　He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
C: stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
　 stop doing sth. 停止做某事
　　　 The students stop to listen to their teacher. 学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。
　　　 The students stopped talking.　 学生们停止了谈话。
D: need to do 需要做…… 表示主动语态，主语为人。
　　 need doing 需要被做 表示被动语态，主语为物。
　 　 You need to get up early. 你需要早起。
　　 The window needs cleaning. 窗户需要（被）擦了。　　
（4）有些动词接不定式和动名词作宾语都可以，意义基本一样：如
like, love, ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te, prefer, begin, start, continue等。
　A. like, love, hate, prefer 在英国英语中稍有区别，接 to do 强调一次性的动作，接doing强调习惯性的爱好。
　　 I like singing, but I don't like to sing for you.
　B. begin与start本身为进行式时，后面接不定式。
　　He is beginning to see his mistakes. 他开始看到了他的错误。
【中考演练】
一.单项填空
( )1. Listen! ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Some of the girls ________ about Harry Potter. Let’s join them.
A. are talking B. talk C. will talk D. talked
( )2. Our teach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er, Miss Chen, ________English on the radio the day bore yesterday.
A. teaches B. taught C. will teach D. had taught
( )3. I don’t think I _________ you in that dress before.
A. have seen B. was seeing C. saw D. see
( )4. Susan’s p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It _______ be very expensive.
A. must B. can C. mustn’t D. can’t
( )5. Coffee is ready. How nice it ________ ! Would you like some
A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. feels
( )6. “ Mr. Zh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u, you’d better _____ __ too much meat. You are already over weight,” said the doctor.
A. not to eat B. to eat C. not eat D. eat
( )7. “Don’t al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ways make Michael ________ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear,” Mr. Bush said to his wife.
A. do B. to do C. does D. did
( )8. Sorry, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) can’t hear you clearly. Will you please ________ your E-mail address I’ll write it down.
A. review B. recite C. report D. repeat
( )9. Don ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t ________ your coat, Tom! It’s easy to catch cold in spring.
A. take away B. take off C. take down D. take out
( )10. You _______ go and ask Meimei. She _______ know the answer.
A. must; can B. must; may C. need; can D. can; may
( )11. I’m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sorry you’ve missed the train. It ________ 10 minutes ago.
A. left B. has left C. had left D. has been left
( )12. I bought a new dictionary and it ________ me 30 yuan.
A. paid B. spent C. took D. cost
( )13. ---Mum, may I go out and play basketball
---_______ you _______ your homework yet
A. Do; finish ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. Are; finishing C. Did; finishing D. Have; finished
( )14. I have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to go now. Please remember to ________ the lights when you leave.
A. turn off B. turn down C. turn up D. turn on
( )15. A talk on Chinese history ________ in the school next week.
A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give
( )16. Look! How heavy the rain is! You’d better ________.
A. don’t go now B. stay here when it stops
C. not leave until it stops D. not to leave at once
( )17. You may go fishing if your work ________.
A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done
( )18. Cotton _______ nice and soft.
A. is felt B. is feeling C. feel D. feels
( )19. ---Who cleaned the blackboard yesterday, Dick
---John _________.
A. cleaned B. does C. did D. is
( )20. ---Linda had nothing for breakfast this morning, _______
---No. She got up too late.
A. had she B. hadn’t she C. did she D. didn’t she
二. 阅读短文，并用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
A
My name is Wang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Bing. I’m from China. Now I ___1____ (study) at this school. I ____2___ (arrive) here on January 8. Since then, I ____3____ (make) a lot of friends. At school we speak English all the time. Next week, some new students from Africa, Asia and Latin America ____4____ (come) to our school. I’m very glad to know this because I enjoy ____5____ (meet) people from other countries.
1. study/am studying 2. arrived 3. have made 4. will come 5. meeting
B
Since 1946, on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of the most important inventions has been the computer. It has been changing all our lives.
The first comput ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er ____1___ (build) in 1946. It ____2____ (be) as large as a room and very difficult and slow ____3____ (use). But since the invention of silicon “chip”（硅片），computers ____4____ (become) smaller, easier and faster to operate. Some computers ____5____ (be) as small as TV sets. Some can even ____6___ (make) smaller than a book. And computers ____7____ (get) smaller and smaller all the time. Who knows what the computers of tomorrow ____8___ (be) like
There ____9___ (be) several reasons why the computer is useful to us. First, a lot of information can ____10____ (put) into computer. Second, the computer works very quickly---thousands of times faster than a man and it will not be tired. Third, modern computers can be built into other kinds of machines, like radios, cars and planes. So today people can spend less time doing more work with a computer.
三. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. No matter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what the weather is like, you can always find surfers out _______ (ride) the waves.
2. ---What do you use the key for
---It is ________ (use) for making the robot work.
3. No news _______ (be) good news. I’m sure Jane is still all right.
4. ---Are you feeling better these days
---Yes, much bette ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r. I _______ as well as these days for a long time.
5. It ________ (rain) heavily, you’d better not go out now.
6. The city of Xian _______ (become) cleaner and cleaner.
7. The boys enjoy _______ (see) fight films very much.
8. He left the room without _______ (say) goodbye.
9. Rice ________ (grow) in the south of China.
10. Many trees ________ (plant) in our school yard these years.
补充练习：
1
Questions and answers
Many students ask for advice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) about 1 _______________ (improve) their English. There are three basic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) questions.
The first question is about real English. Li Hao from Hubei wrote, "I enjoy2 ______ (watch) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) English films and3 _____________ (listen) to real English songs. But it takes a long time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). What do you think "
This is a great way to learn English! Talk about the film or song with your friends, and guess ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) the 4______________ (mean) of the new words. Just ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) enjoy yourself ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )!
The second question is about 5__________ (speak). Sam, from Suzhou wrote, "Our school has a foreign teacher. But I'm shy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) and can't speak to her. What should I do "
When I visit China, lots of people in the street say, "Hello! How are you Where are you from Do you like China " These are good questions 6_______________ (start ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )) a conversation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ). Many people are shy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) when they speak English, so before you begin, take a deep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) breath ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) and smile ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )! 7_____________ (smile) always helps.
The third question is about vocabulary. Oliver, from Anhui Province wrote, "I want 8__________________ ( remember ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )) all the new words. I write them down, but I forget ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) them quickly. What should I do "
Try 9_______________ ( remember ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 )) eight or ten words a day. Write them on pieces of paper and place ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) them in your bedroom. Say the words when you see them, and change them every day. And when you're shopping, how about 10____________ (count) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com" \l "#" \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ) the English words, or saying the English names for everything you see
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. __________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. _________
2
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 (必要时可加情态动词或助动词)。
Henry and Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arlie were good friends. They worked in a shop. These days Henry did not come to work, but Charlie did not know why.
The shopkeeper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )said there were too many workers in the shop, so he (1) ____________ (send) some away. Charlie heard of it and wanted to tell his friend Henry about the shopkeeper’s plan. He went to him after supper. When he got there, he (2) ___________ (meet) Henry’s wife at the door.
“Henry (3) ____________ (go) out, hasn’t he ” asked Charlie.
“No, he (4) ____________ (be) in bed,” answered the woman.
“What’s wrong with him ”
“He (5) ____________ (not feel) well,” said his wife.
“What on earth is happening ”
“He (6)___________ (not fall) asleep the whole night.”
Charlie went in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the bedroom and saw his friend (7) ____________ (lie) in bed, crying loudly in pain.
“Have you seen a doctor, Henry ” asked Charlie.
“Not yet,” said H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enry, “My wife bought some medicine for me and I took some just now.”
“You’d better (8) ____________ (go) to see a doctor. They will help you, I think.”
“Sorry, I (9) ____________ (not agree) with you,” said Henry, “Last year I had a terrible stomachache, the doctor cut off part of my stomach. Last week I got a bad toothache and the dentist had my tooth (10) ____________ (pull). God knows what the doctor will do with my head this time!”
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. __________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. _________