2024届高考英语二轮复习之完形填空课件(共35张PPT)

(共35张PPT)
2024届高考英语二轮复习之完形填空
四川省安岳中学
目录Contents
01
02
考情与
命题特点
学生问题
03
04
三大着眼点
解题技巧
01 完形填空考情分析
01 完形填空命题特点
1.选材特点
体裁上，以叙为主，叙议结合。选材多为具有一定故事情节的短文，一般按照时间线索行文，逻辑清晰，层次分明。主题语境包括人与自我、人与自然和人与社会，选材原汁原味，语言地道，充满正能量，倡导至真至善至美的价值观，在具体语境中考查英语核心素养。
01 完形填空命题特点
2.选项设置
1)选项一般是同一词类或范畴，错误选项多半可以和空前、空后的文字
形成某种考生非常熟悉的固定搭配，具有很强的干扰和迷惑作用。
2)以语境考查为主，单纯的语法考查基本消失。
3)命题角度多层面(词汇/句子/语篇层面)
02 学生常见问题
忽视句首信息
抓不住全文主旨
缺乏上下文意识，主观臆断
缺乏词汇基础
熟词生义不牢
忽视文化背景
和生活常识
1.句内层次的设空
指通过阅读空格所在句便可确定答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文
语义理解、词义辨析、生活常识和文化背景、习惯搭配及固定结构、
语法结构及逻辑关系等五种。
03 完形填空三大着眼点
2.句组层次的设空
指需要结合空格所在的前后句或该段落才可找出答案的题目。命题角度通常有上下文语义理解、词义辨析和逻辑关系等三种。
前制性设空：即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目
后制性设空：指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目/下文
某处有提示
03 完形填空三大着眼点
3.语篇层次的设空
指无法在句内或句组确定答案，需要结合整个语篇才能确定正确答案
的题目。这类题目主要考查考生的篇章分析能力。命题角度通常有上
下文语义理解和逻辑关系两种。
03 完形填空三大着眼点
04 完形填空解题方法
词汇
句子
语篇
Done
在完形填空中，有一些题目仅仅依靠所在句的句意或前后句的语境无法解题的。这时我们要留心选项中是否有与上下文中相对应的词汇，运用词汇复现快速锁定答案。
词汇复现主要包括原词复现、同根词复现、同义词复现、近义词复现、反义词复现、上下义词复现(总括与分述的词汇复现) 和同场词汇复现(意义相关的词汇复现)等。
1
词汇角度之语境+词汇复现
04 解题技巧
1.（2023全国甲卷）Those tomatoes had 53. that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 54 .look perfect but taste of water.
53. A. size B. shape C. color D. taste
2. (2023全国乙卷)“I’m going to inspire so many people” she said. “I’m ready to 60 .” And shine she did.
60. A. shine B. fly C. dance D. score
原词复现
1. (2022新高考II卷)
The two travelers carefully 47. their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to 48. please.
47.A. plan B. explain C. compare D. complete
2. (2023全国乙卷)To become the Olympic champion in the individual (个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 41. knew best. ...... Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she 47. about 1,200 miles away from home, to 48.trained with a coach from China.
47. A. dropped out B. moved on C. pulled over D. went off
同义复现
意义相关的词汇复现在同一语篇中，构成以某一话题为中心的词汇链，因其
共同出现的倾向性，叫“同场”词汇。同场词汇之间有反义或相对关系，或
者同类互补关系等。
1. (2021.全国乙卷)
By 55. the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so.
55. A. clarifying B. defending C. winning D. demanding
2.(2023全国新高考II卷)They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 41. . They could not afford to pay for 42. for their dog, Tiffy, and 3.desperately wanted to take her with them.
41.A. turn B. budget C. schedule D. connection
42. A. food B. shelter C. medicine D. transportation
同场词汇复现
2. (2021.全国乙卷) My thoughts were soon 43. put to the test. We had a woman patient who was 44. from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45. to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was 46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous, 47.requiring the emergency medical team and good team work.
44.A. departing B.escaping C. retiring D.recovering
45.A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D.promising
2
词汇角度之语境+固定搭配
recover from
attempt to do sth
1. (2021浙江1月卷)Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 36 research on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I 37 myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. ....But on the last night we were 50 in a thunderstorm.
37. A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found
50. A. left B.caught C. attacked D. separated
2
词汇角度之语境+固定搭配
find oneself +prep.phase.
get/be caught in..
1.(2021全国乙卷) Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41.nurse just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42. of gratitude.
42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
2. (2021全国新高考I卷)
Our 48. in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.
48. A. joys B. ideas C. roles D. choices
3
词汇角度之语境+熟词生义
一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。
备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词生僻意义。
grade
熟义:成绩，年级 生义:程度
role
熟义: 角色 生义:职责
1.对立关系
对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系。
常见标志词和短语有: but, however, yet (然而,但是), on the contrary,
by contrast (相比之下), unfortunately, although, even though, while(然而), nevertheless(然而，不过)， whereas(然而), in spite of (尽管), regardless of (不管，不顾) anyhow(尽管), after all, instead of(而不是), rather than, not. .. but... othervsite(否则), or else, to the opposite (对立面)，compared with 等。
4
语篇角度之语境+逻辑关系
(2023全国甲卷) These can’t be any 48.good, we thought. But we were 49. his kindness, so we 50.tried them.
49.A. sympathetic to B. thankful for
C. cautious about D. interested in
(2022.全国乙卷) For a long time, this ineffective hiding method 44. interpreted
as evidence that children are was hopelessly "egocentric" (自我中心的) creatures.
But our 45. surprising research results in child developmental psychology 46. that idea.
46. A. explained B. confirmed C.contradicted D. tested
4
语篇角度之语境+逻辑关系
1.对立关系
(2020.新高考I卷)When he was 16. Molai began to notice something 23. disturbing happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 24. damage it caused had driven away a number of birds. 25 , the number of snakes had declined as well.
25. A. Besides B. However C. Therefore D. Otherwise
4
语篇角度之语境+逻辑关系
2.并列和递进关系
常见标志词和短语有:and, or, neither..nor..., not only...but also..., similarly, even, besides, additionally等。
并列平行结构
并列平行结构指的是结构相同或相似，意思密切关联，句
法功能相同的句子或词组成串排列的语言现象。这些结构要么
通过标点符号体现，要么通过并列连词连接。一 般来说，这些
平行结构所表达的语境是一致的。
(如：not only...but also..., neither..nor..., either ...or..., rather than等)
4
语篇角度之语境+逻辑关系
1. (2022 全国乙卷)A number of 53.experiments ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects 54. the questions and knew 55.exactly what was asked of them.
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
2. (2021安徽 )Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 36 on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA.
36. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
3. (2020 全国卷)I took advantage of my brief 39 freedom to dash across the lawn (草坪)一and hit a large maple tree! I was running so fast that I bounced off the trunk and 40 on my backside.
40. A. landed B. slept C. laughed D. wept
4
语篇角度之语境+逻辑关系
and前后动词构成动作链
“知道”之前先理解
“ 发现”之前先在网上收集资料
被树“弹”回来之后，仰面着地
1. (2023 全国新高考II卷) The flight was 53. and Tiffy was a great passenger.
53.A. unnecessary B. unexpected C. unavoidable D. uneventful
2. (2021浙江）Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or 52 to me no longer did, though I didn't get anywhere with the local language, and returned to the United States a 54 different man.
52. A. familiar B. similar C. cruel D. unusual
4
语篇角度之语境+逻辑关系
and,or前后形容词或名词为同义/近义词
Tip:找and题(在原文中找and)
and前后选同义词，词性一致;
and前后选同一感彩的词;
and前后选同一范围词;
and前后句子对应成分相同。
3.因果解释关系
因果关系常见标志词和短语有:because, for, since, as, thus(因此), hence(因此), therefore, so, so/such..a.... in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, on account of (因为), because of, seeing that(由于,因为),
in that(因为) now that, as a result, for this reason等。
解释关系常见标志词或短语有：that’s to say, in other words, mean, be, refer to, be called/named, namely。标点符号：“——”, “:”
4
语篇角度之语境+逻辑关系
1. (2021全国甲卷)
They had asked him to 43.bring some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he
44. a suitcase full of pepperoni.
44. A. filled B. locked C. abandoned D. lost
2. (2023全国甲卷)
But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were 46. because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, 47.shinny things you get in a supermarket.
46. A. worried B. moved C. thrilled D. bored
依据因果关系
(石室金匮四）This fact was so universally accepted that no one dared test it, because they thought if they did sail out beyond the horizon they would fall off the edge. 43 , because they believed it couldn’t be done, it wasn’t done.
43. A. In other words B. On the whole
C. In a word D. On the contrary
依据解释关系
4.条件关系
常见标志词和短语: if, unless, whether, supposing, on condition that,
provided that, depending on等。
5.时间关系
常见标志词和短语: before, since, as(随着)，until, meanwhile,
at the moment, when, whenever, as soon as等。
4
语篇角度之语境+逻辑关系
6. 层次和顺序关系
常见标志词和短语: first(ly), second(ly), third(ly), besides,
finally, further, eventually, in the first place, last, next, to begin/start
with, on the one hand...on the other hand等。
7. 例证关系
常见标志词和短语有:for example, for instance, to name but a few,
in particular, just as, namely, such as, that is. as to, say(比如说)等。
4
语篇角度之语境+逻辑关系
(2022.浙江1月) When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year, she started having problems with her 36. eyes, notably dryness and discomfort.
......
Ms. Burdeyney 53. added that she was hoping to do more for the research
project. I just want to bring 54 into people's eyes and this is just the 55.beginning. There is still a long way to go.
54. A.light B.joy C. color D. beauty
5
语篇角度之首尾呼应
1. (2022.全国甲卷) ......When I first dated Steve, I 43. learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora......The next week we 47. walked our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 48. , Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing(求婚) I liked him too, but so 49
48. A. breath B. balance C. attention D.imagination
49.A. calm B.sure C. soon D.real
六
语篇角度之文章发展脉络
2. (2021.全国乙卷)Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41. nurse just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42. grades of gratitude (感谢).
My thoughts were soon 43. . We had a woman patient who was 44. recovering from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45. attempting to get into bed she collapsed (倒下) from what was 46. eventually discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 47. requiring the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 48. slowly, and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test
C. brought under discussion D. take into account
六
语篇角度之文章发展脉络
过渡句（承上启下）
(2023全国新高考II卷) After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me 51.loaded Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and 42. them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
52. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve
七
依据生活常识及文化背景
生活常识
Stephen was the youngest of five children and“grew up in a 39 environment, “Bill spoke with CNBC contributor Suzy Welch.” His father was 40 during the Depression. Thus two of his brothers had to drop out of school.
39. A. professional B. secure C. stressful D. familiar
40. A. impatient B. unemployed C. competent D. ambitious
文化背景
(2022.全国甲卷) While I was 44. that he was also an animal lover, I 45. that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 46. Flora, the cat.
44 A. unsatisfied B. amused C. terrified D. thrilled
45 A. predicted B. worried C. regretted D. insisted
八
利用作者的情感态度解题
要善于判断作者与文中其他人物的感情态度，关注故事的转折点和相关人物的情绪变化，考生平时要注意积累“爱憎好恶”的词汇和固定短语。
完形填空解题技巧小结
完形填空
词汇
语篇
语境+生活常识/文化背景
语境+作者的情感态度
复现： 原词复现(多为名词) ，同根词复现，
同义/近义/反义复现
上下义词复现， 同场词汇复现
固定搭配
熟词生义
逻辑：对比(让步/对比/转折)，并列和递进
因果和解释， 例证关系
条件/时间/顺序关系
首尾呼应
文章发展脉络
Thanks for
your listening