专题12 阅读理解微技能之篇章结构题（讲练）课件- 2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（浙江专用）

(共49张PPT)
导师：稻壳儿
二轮复习讲练测
阅读理解微技能之篇章结构题
01
考情分析
02
知识建构
03
真题研析
04
考点提炼
目录
CONTENTS
05
题型特训
01
考情分析
PART ONE
近年英语中考阅读篇新增了一道新题型:文章结构分析题。这道题学生错误率很高，很多同学看到这道题就头大。从题材上来说一般都为说明文，说明文用词专业，生词、偏词多，文章语句里长难句也较多，文章整体枯燥不好理解。在此基础上要分析清楚文章的结构除了要理解文章大意还要对文章进行归纳总结。因此，帮助学生分析此类题型的做题方法技巧对于提高学生阅读正确率很有帮助。以下是我对这类题型的归纳总结。
02
知识构建
PART ONE
解题技巧：l 抓主线，略支撑：优先理解文章的主线思路，即文章的中心内容和论点，然后再关注支撑细节。l 注重段落关系：注意分析段落之间的关系，特别是转折点和逻辑连接词，帮助理解文章的发展过程。l 识别关键信息：识别文章中的关键信息，如标题、主题句、总结句等，帮助把握篇章结构。l 排除干扰项：注意排除与文章整体结构不符或者无关的选项，集中注意力于与篇章结构相关的内容。l 综合整体把握：综合考虑文章的各个方面，包括标题、段落结构、语气和修辞手法等，全面把握文章的篇章结构。
03
真题研析
PART ONE
⑤The second argument against learning Chinese calligraphy at school is that it takes a long time to master. The time at school is better spent on more important subjects. After all, learning Chinese calligraphy can always be done as an after-school activity if students are really interested in it. ⑥In my opinion, the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. This special art form is one of China’s national treasures. It also helps to enrich students’ life and improve their sense of beauty. So without doubt, it is worth being included in the school curriculum.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A【导语】本文主要介绍了在学校学习中国书法的利弊。1．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出本文主题；第二段和第三段主要分析了在学校学习书法的原因，第四段和第五段介绍了学习书法的弊端；最后一段作者发表了自己的看法。故选C。2．推理判断题。根据“When students learn this art in class, they will become more interested in the works of famous Chinese artists.”可知，学习中国书法后，学生可能会更喜欢艺术作品。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据“This special art form is one of China’s national treasures. It also helps to enrich students’ life and improve their sense of beauty. So without doubt, it is worth being included in the school curriculum”可知，作者认为这种特殊的艺术形式是中国的国宝之一。这也有助于丰富学生的生活，提高他们的美感。因此，毫无疑问，它值得被纳入学校课程，由此可知作者认为它既重要也是很有必要。故选A。
④Besides, some boys and girls spend a lot of time and money changing their hair color. The material they use is usually harmful to their health. To make their hair straight or curly, they also use tools that are hot enough to burn their hair. But using these tools too often or at very high temperatures can make the hair dry or even burnt. Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money ⑤So, let’s rethink what’s really important. Is it fashion or is it our well-being Clothes or hairstyles don’t tell us anything about a person’s character. Instead of spending a lot of time choosing clothes, we could use that time to do fun things with friends. And instead of following extreme diets, let’s eat properly and exercise regularly. Remember, your worth is not decided by your appearance, but by who you are as a person.
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．B 11．A【导语】本文主要介绍了当今人们为了追求时尚过一种不健康的生活方式，个人的价值不是由你的外表决定的，而是由你这个人决定的。健康的生活才是最重要的。8．细节理解题。根据“Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets（日常饮食）that are not good for their health.”可知，因为他们想看起来好看，故选B。9．推理判断题。根据“It’s more important to be healthy”以及每一段的问题可知，作者提出这些问题是为了让读者思考“健康才是更重要的”这个主题，故选D。10．词义猜测题。根据“Is it a healthy way to live”“Should we put fashion over comfort and physical health”及“Is it really worth it to risk our health, spending so much time and money”可知，作者提出的每个观点都是围绕“健康”和“时尚”哪一个更重要，所以划线单词与health同义，故选B。11．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段引出本文的主题，第二段到第四段介绍人们为了追求时尚的一些不健康生活方式；第五段是总结，故选A。
04
考点提炼
PART ONE
【示例1】 If you go shopping in any toy store, you can see clearly the different games and toys for boys and girls: there are a lot of pink toys on one side of the store for girls; and dark colored cars, guns, and soldiers for boys. Some big stores with toys may even have a pink floor for girls and a blue floor for boys. In fact, it is difficult to buy a toy for a girl that is not pink. Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls. Sue Palmer, writer of Toxic Childhood, is very worried that most girls over the age of three are crazy about the color. According to some scientists, this happens for two reasons. Firstly, most companies offer too many products in pink. Also, many parents think their little daughter looks cute in pink. Sue Palmer says that girls at this age cannot make proper decisions by themselves, but the pink can affect the choices and the decisions they will make in the future. Some parents are worried too, for example, Vanessa Holburn, thirty-two, who has two girls under the age of four. Their bedrooms are a sea of pink and Vanessa is not happy. "Pink says that you are soft and gentle. Blue says that you are strong and powerful. I want my daughters to be strong and powerful. I'm worried that pink will not help them with that," she says.
【解析】【文章大意】本文讲述了不同人对于女孩是否要使用粉红色的不同观点。根据文章内容，文章第一段是总起，讲了女孩子常使用粉色。根据第二段中的Some people think that too much pink is bad for girls.和第三段中的Some parents are worried too可知讲了反对的观点；根据第四段中的But not everyone thinks there's something wrong with pink.可知讲了赞同的观点。文章结构B选项符合，故选B。
【示例2】When I was a child in kindergarten, I had to take a nap during school every day. It was probably my least favorite thing about being in kindergarten. But now, as an adult, I love taking naps. Being able to relax and get some rest in the middle of the day is great! But attitudes toward naps are quite different when comparing the US and China.In the US, taking a nap in the middle of the day is looked down upon. People who take naps are seen as lazy bones. You can even be fired from your job if you fall asleep at work. This kind of thinking dates back to the founders of the US. They were known for working hard.But in China, taking a nap is just a normal part of the day. Some people even bring their own quilt to work for nap time! People in China have a much more relaxed attitude toward taking naps.
On one hand, it is true that you spend less time working or studying if you take a nap. There are also times when it isn t appropriate (合适的) to take a nap. You don t want to fall asleep in the middle of an important meeting, or during a wedding.But on the other hand, having a short rest can help you work better. A good rest can improve your mood as well. So why not take a nap during lunch break and make the rest of the day more enjoyable An afternoon nap can make your day better.1. Which of the following is the best to divide them into three parts (①= Para. 1 ②= Para. 2 ③= Para. 3 ④= Para. 4 ⑤= Para. 5 ⑥= Para. 6)A. ①; ②③④⑤; ⑥ B. ①; ②③④; ⑤⑥
C. ①②; ③④; ⑤⑥ D. ①②; ③④⑤;⑥
【解析】【文章大意】本文告诉我们：作者小时候不喜欢小睡，成年时却喜欢小睡了；作者认为小睡是很好的。1、2段作者讲述了孩子时与成年时对小睡的态度；3、4段作者讲述了中、美两国关于小睡的不同态度；5、6段作者分别讲述了小睡的两个方面（消极与积极的两方面）。故C项是把短文分成三部分的最佳方法。故选C。
【示例3】 How would you feel if someone decided to take away your park Well that's what's happening in my community. There's a park that some people want to turn into a golf course (高尔夫球场). Let me tell you why I think it's a bad idea. First, a park is meant to be for the whole community. Not everyone likes golf, so not everyone will get to use the park. This isn't fair. A community park should have open spaces for everyone to use. Second, to make way for the golf course, lots of playground equipment will have to be moved or knocked down, which is a waste of time and money. It's also a waste of perfectly good equipment. The swings, for example, will probably just end up as litter.
【解析】【文章大意】本文从四个方面论述了把社区公园变成高尔夫球场的弊端，想要由此来阻止高尔夫球场的建设。根据第一段Let me tell you why I think it's a bad idea.可知第一段引出话题，点明了把社区公园变成高尔夫球场有一些弊端，接着文章二、三、四、五段分别阐述理由，最后一段Turning our park into a golf course is a bad idea.做出总结，由此可知文章的结构为：总—分—总。故选D。
【示例4】 Ants are kind of human alike but they have some surprising behaviors. They live in big ant cities called colonies (聚居地). In the colonies, thousands of ants work together to build rooms, find food and protect their young kids. Ants live in underground tunnels. In these tunnels, there are special rooms for food and for baby ants. Some ants have to pick up all the rubbish from the colony and bring it outside the colony. Do you think all that rubbish might be too much for a little ant Think again. Even though they are so small, ants can lift up to 20 times their own weight. That's about as much as a 10-year-old boy lifts a small car. Ants can't talk, but this doesn't stop these little animals. Ants communicate by leaving different chemicals from their bodies for other ants to smell. For example, if an ant finds a piece of food, it will send out chemicals that say, "There is food here." The other ants will follow their noses toward the food until it is all gone. On the other hand, if there is something dangerous around, ants will send chemicals that say, "Stay away."
【示例5】Small talk like “What do you have there Ice-cream ” or “The weather today is beautiful, isn t it ” is a waste of time, according to some people. But scientists believe that it is actually more useful than it may appear to be.One example comes when you are on a train or a plane. The thought of talking to the stranger can be scary and silly. But a study by the University of Chicago found that people who chat to strangers enjoy a better ride than those who sit in silence or keep playing their phones.In the study, researchers asked people at Chicago train stations to start conversations with fellow travelers. Most of them refused to do so at first because they didn t expect to get a friendly answer. But the result is the opposite-most strangers didn t refuse to be talked to; instead, they were glad to talk to.“Human beings are social animals,” Nicholas Epley, one of the researchers said, “Other people are people, too. And it turns out that they d like to get to know you.”What s more, small talk with strangers can help you feel related to your surroundings(环境). Some studies found when people are often smiled at and spoken to, there is more chance for them to have a stronger sense of belonging instead of feeling like they are being forgotten.
However, if you are already comfortable enough to make small talk with strangers, you should try to develop it into something “bigger”.A 2010 study proved that having a deep and meaningful conversation gives you even more happiness than small talk. Participants(参与者) in the study reported that compared with some simple greetings and replies, they were a lot happier when they went on with the small talk and further it into in-depth conversations.But deep conversations can start with small talk, can t they So the first step is to start talking, no matter how casual the topic is. And who knows, maybe an opening line as simple as “I like your hat” could lead to a serious conversation in which you learn a lot from a stranger.1. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage A. ①；②③④⑤；⑥⑦；⑧ B. ①；②③④；⑤⑥⑦；⑧
C. ①；②③；④⑤；⑥⑦⑧ D. ①；②③④⑤；⑥⑦⑧
【解析】【文章大意】文章讲述了闲谈不仅能够拉近人与人的距离，而且还有可能发展到深入交流，从对方哪里了解和学习更多第一段为总，第二三四五段说明了闲谈的好处，第六七段说明了闲谈还可以发展更为深入的交流，并带来更多的快乐，第九段为总结。故选A。
05
题型特训
PART ONE
题型特训·命题预测
Passage 1①Tracking（跟踪）apps are becoming more and more popular. A study in 2019 showed that 40% of parents in the UK were using tracking apps every day. A 2020 study found that 33% of parents in the US use tools to keep watch on their children. With tracking apps, parents feel closed to their children even when they’re not at home. Although many parents want to know where their child is, some people think that tracking is bad for children. What do you think Should parents track their children ②Tracking apps mean that parents know where their children are. Kids can also set alerts（警报）for themselves. So they know when their children leave a place or are on their way home. This makes parents feel safe and relaxed. Instead of being worried while their children are out, parents can relax because they’ll get alerts if their children are running late. Tracking apps also give young people a taste of independence, especially if their parents would not let them move around so freely.
题型特训·命题预测
③Tracking apps take away a big part of childhood. You will feel free when you go out without a parent. If young people know their parents are “watching” them, they won’t have that same excitement and feeling of freedom. Children may also feel that they can’t go anywhere without their parents following them. Young people may also become worried because this is only the beginning. Parents may also become dependent on tracking apps and not learn to believe in their children. Children need to have true freedom so that they can live better. ④It’s true that tracking apps are good for parents, but most children still dislike them. Whether parents track their children or not is still a big question in the future.1．What can we learn from paragraph 1 A．Many parents are using tracking apps now.B．Parents feel unsafe if they use tracking apps.C．The use of tracking apps is getting less popular.D．Most parents think that tracking is bad for children.
题型特训·命题预测
题型特训·命题预测
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．C【导语】本文讲述了跟踪应用程序的使用情况，重点分析了它的好处和缺点。1．推理判断题。根据“①Tracking（跟踪）apps are becoming more and more popular.”和后文数据可知跟踪应用软件越来越受欢迎，由此推断现在有很多家长使用跟踪应用软件。故选A。2．词义猜测题。根据“So they know when their children leave a place or are on their way home”可知知道孩子正在前往的地方让家长感到安全和放松，“This”指代“家长知道孩子在去哪”。故选D。3．推理判断题。根据“If young people know their parents are “watching” them, they won’t have that same excitement and feeling of freedom”可知如果家长一直“看着”他们，他们会失去兴奋和自由的感觉，因此是不开心的。故选C。4．篇章结构题。分析文章内容可知，第一段提供背景信息，引入主题；第二、三段分别介绍跟踪应用软件对家长来说有什么好处，以及从孩子的角度说明跟踪应用软件的缺点；第四段总结，表达作者自己的观点。文章是总分总的结构。故选C。
题型特训·命题预测
题型特训·命题预测
It’s pretty easy for you and your family to stop a thief stealing your identity. You can start with the low-tech defenses (防御). Be careful with your mail and rubbish. And be sure to take care of your wallet, or your backpack. It’s especially important not to carry your Social Security card with you. Keep it in a safe place at home. Practice some higher-tech defenses, too: protect your computer by turning on an up-to-date firewall (防火墙). Once you’re online, be careful with your personal information. When you get emails or pop-ups on your computer, don’t respond automatically (自动响应). Stop and think before you click—it could help keep your information private, and keep badware off your computer.5．What can we infer from the second paragraph A．It is easy for your mail to be stolen.B．Even some useless things can make you face the danger of identity theft.C．We cannot throw rubbish in order to protect our personal information.D．We should put away our mail to avoid identity theft.
题型特训·命题预测
题型特训·命题预测
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A【导语】本文主要介绍了身份盗窃的概念及其危害，以及如何保护个人信息不被盗窃。5．推理判断题。根据第二段“sometimes they steal rubbish, going through it to find personal information, or they steal mail.”可推知，即使是一些无用的东西也会面临身份盗窃的危险。故选B。6．推理判断题。根据第三段“Unluckily, even if you’re really careful with your personal information, thieves can still get your personal information.”可知，即使非常小心地对待您的个人信息，窃贼仍然可以获取个人信息。由此推知小偷非常善于找到收集人们个人信息的方法。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据第一段“it means a thief gets enough of someone’s information to commit fraud (诈骗).”和第四段“You can start with the low-tech defenses (防御). Be careful with your mail and rubbish. And be sure to take care of your wallet, or your backpack. It’s especially important not to carry your Social Security card with you.”可知，身份盗窃是一个严重的问题，可以通过一些简单的习惯来减少小偷窃取身份信息。故选B。8．篇章结构题。通读文章可知，第一段引出文章身份盗窃的主题；第二、三段介绍了身份窃贼如何盗取个人信息；第四、五段介绍了我们应该如何保护个人信息。故选A。
题型特训·命题预测
Passage 3Because of the outbreak , many people look for fun online. Watching livestreaming (直播的)shows has become part of their lives. At the same time, traditional culture has found a bigger stage (舞台) online. Many traditional artists are starting to livestream, like Douyin and Bilibili. Some of them sing Peking Opera, some show their folk handcrafts(民间手工艺), while others perform Chinese classical music. A growing number of young people are starting to become more interested in traditional culture because of livestreaming. Li Jun is a Peking Opera performer with the Shanghai Jingju Theater Company. After the outbreak, the 59-year-old took up his smartphone and started livestreaming. Unlike performing on a formal stage, Li uses ordinary places as his stage, including his backyard and study room. Apart from singing, Li also teaches viewers (观看者)about Peking Opera. People can ask him questions and get answers directly,“Livestreaming has brought this elegant (高雅的)art down to earth.” one viewer said. “It gives young people an easier access to this traditional art and learn more about it.” Li has more than 6000 fans on Douyin, while one of his videos got 42,000 views on Bilibili. On March 26th, 2020, Bilibili livestreamed a huafu show on the third China Huafu Day (中国华服日). Performers presented clothes in traditional Chinese styles, including those from Wei, Tang and Ming dynasties. During the show, viewers not only enjoyed looking at the clothes, but also watched how performers used ancient styles of make-up(古代化妆术).
题型特训·命题预测
As Guangming Daily noted, livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive.9．In the second paragraph, the writer mentioned Li Jun in order to ________A．tell young people to learn Peking OperaB．give an example of traditional culture livestreamingC．ask young people to learn from Li JunD．ask young people to enjoy Li Jun's livestreaming10．Which of the following sentences is TRUE A．Besides dancing, Li also teaches viewers about Peking Opera.B．Li has over 6000 fans on Bilibili, while one of his videos got 42,000 views on Douyin.C．Li used his computer to livestream.D．Li performed Peking Opera in ordinary places as his stage, like his backyard and study room.
题型特训·命题预测
题型特训·命题预测
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．C 12．C【导语】本文主要讲述了疫情期间，传统艺术家开始进行直播，越来越多的年轻人开始对传统文化感兴趣。9．推理判断题。根据“A growing number of young people are starting to become more interested in traditional culture because of livestreaming. Li Jun is a Peking Opera performer with the Shanghai Jingju Theater Company. After the outbreak...Li also teaches viewers (观看者)about Peking Opera. People can ask him questions and get answers directly”可知，通过李军的例子来给出一个传统文化直播的例子。故选B。10．细节理解题。根据“Unlike performing on a formal stage, Li uses ordinary places as his stage, including his backyard and study room.”可知，李军将平常的地方作为他的舞台表演京剧。故选D。11．篇章结构题。第一段介绍文章主题；第二段用李军的例子来介绍直播来进行传统文化传播的例子；第三段讲直播更易让年轻人接触到传统文化；第四段讲述中华华服日；第五段对前文进行总结，讲述直播进入到传统文化能保持生机的新阶段。由此可知，C项划分符合题意。故选C。12．细节理解题。根据“As Guangming Daily noted, livestreaming has come to a new stage through which traditional culture can be kept alive.”可知，直播可以使传统文化保持生机避免消失。故选C。
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