2024年高考考前押题密卷（北京卷）
英语
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1、考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
2、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分)
第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We live in a town, about half a mile from the banks of the Ahr River. It had been raining buckets that week and there were 1 warnings for some of the nearby areas, but not where I was.
As a precaution, I’d 2 sandbags outside my garden door and piled electronics and clothing on tables and the couch just in case water managed to see p through.
As I fell asleep, I was 3 by the sound of rushing water. When I swung my legs off the bed, I was 4 to feel cold water already up to my knees and rising fast. Shivering and in darkness, I grabbed my phone and 5 its flashlight. Water was coming from the garden door, and chairs, bookshelves and pieces of my drum set were floating all over my living room. The Ahr must have 6 burst its banks and breached the sandbags. And now I had to get out — fast!
With the water now up to my waist, in bare feet I started to paddle to my only 7 : the door leading to upstairs. Finally I made it to that door and tried to pull it open, but the water’s pressure was high. I managed to make a 8 of about 30 centimeters with all my strength and effort, enough for me to squeeze through. Rushing down outside, I 9 that if I had woken up just a few minutes later, I would have drowned.
The experience made me grateful and determined to live each day to its fullest. I will remember what my mother told me: “Don’t remember the day when you 10 everything. Remember the day you survived.”
1．A．flood B．earthquake C．drought D．sandstorm
2．A．cleaned B．lifted C．recovered D．placed
3．A．threatened B．awakened C．weakened D．tightened
4．A．excited B．shocked C．depressed D．exhausted
5．A．showed up B．looked up C．turned on D．went on
6．A．carefully B．gradually C．violently D．constantly
7．A．escape B．mind C．problem D．stage
8．A．gap B．depth C．height D．cut
9．A．pretended B．promised C．imagined D．realised
10．A．lacked B．found C．lost D．gained
第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。
A
When I lived in Boston, I taught English as a second language to adult students from around the world. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they had learned enough English 11 (organize) such an event altogether. At the end of the party, they proudly handed me a gift box. After the box 12 (open), I gently lifted a beautiful coat from it. “We went shopping for a new coat!” they all shouted 13 wonderfully perfect English.
B
Saturday not only marked the last day of China’s 2024 Spring Festival holiday, but also closed out the eight-day domestic film period, 14 ended strongly as the highest-grossing Chinese New Year holiday in the history of domestic cinema. According to a report, over 163 million people 15 (go) to cinemas, a 26% increase from the 2023 Spring Festival holiday. And box-office sales reached more than 8 billion yuan, up 18% 16 (compare) to last year’s holiday period.
C
ChatGPT is a chatbot. Some schools 17 (ban) it since its birth. They need time to make rules about 18 it’s to be used properly in class. Some teachers see it as a 19 (cheat) tool. But many principals believe it’s too late to keep AI out of classrooms. A growing number of 20 (educate) say the panic about AI is a lot like the panic caused by the Internet when it was new. One of them says, “ChatGPT is to English and to writing what the calculator is to math.”
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38 分)
第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Columbia Engineering’s Summer High School Academic Program for Engineers (SHAPE) is a selective pre-college program for high school students and recent graduates. SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each 3-week session offers college-level, project-based courses in engineering taught by celebrated professors at the university.
SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there.
Courses
SHAPE features creative problem-solving courses and exposes students to innovative engineering techniques and knowledge presented by professors. Please note that SHAPE does not provide college credit.
Students gain access to the famous MakerSpace and state-of-the-art research laboratories after completing the safety training and will only do so under close guidance.
SHAPE also provides students with workshops to explore career fields, professional development, and guidance on sharpening one’s college application from admissions officers. Students in the program will be visiting companies and organizations that show the classroom content in practice.
Application
Students are selected based on the following criteria:
1. Strong academic record
2. Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.
3. Enthusiastic letter of recommendation submitted by a math or science teacher
4. Creative responses to two required questions and one of the three optional questions
We encourage all students to apply by the priority deadline of June 15, 2023, so there is no application fee. After the priority deadline, a $50 application fee is required.
SHAPE is dedicated to supporting students and their families in need of financial assistance. We offer a limited number of need-based scholarships, which cover the full cost of SHAPE. To be considered for a need-based scholarship, families will need to provide a recent pay receipt and complete a Family Income and Expense Worksheet.
Email: shape@columbia.edu for more information.
21．What can we learn about SHAPE
A．It suits students talented in STEM. B．It shows the procedure of learning STEM.
C．It serves as the start of students’ college life. D．It gives students chances to work with engineers.
22．In SHAPE, students can .
A．be free to explore the MakerSpace B．earn college credit for future study
C．put school knowledge into practice D．be equipped with skills for engineering
23．To secure a place in SHAPE, students need to .
A．show their family financial state B．answer all the given questions
C．pay application fees before deadline D．prove their learning capability
B
My birth was a little more dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the world. I was born missing my left hand. Indeed, my limb (手臂) difference could have been a disaster if it hadn’t been for what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mother’s arms and instructed, “You will take her home. You will love her and treat her as normal.”
That is exactly what happened. I played sports, acted in theater, excelled in school and had playdates with friends. While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun of for it.
However, that fact that I was different hit me hard my first day of high school. I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the need to fit in is intensified. I remember one of the other kids on the school bus stared just a little too long at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I slipped it into my pocket. I told myself that I’d just hide it that one day, while I was trying to make friends. But one day of hiding turned into a week, a month, and years — 25 of them to be exact.
When I was 38 years old, tired of hiding and lonely, I met someone special and invited him in. The combination of me finally feeling ready to unhide and his willingness to go through the unhiding process with me was exactly what I needed. For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, touch it, love it — love me. I saw my limb difference as something unique about me, something that should be shown, not hidden.
It was a transformational experience, and I learned to love me too. It changed how I lived my entire life and made me happier. I also discovered and joined the Lucky Fin Project, an organisation devoted to people with all types of disabilities.
Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is tiring and lonely, and it prevents us from getting help and support. It’s time to change that.
24．What was the author’s childhood like
A．She had no social interactions with friends. B．She was raised with care and treated normally.
C．She faced some challenges in school activities. D．She was upset about the attention to her difference.
25．What happened to the author when she was 13 years old
A．She began to ignore her disability. B．She suffered prejudice from some kids.
C．She started hiding herself away from friends. D．She became sensitive due to her self-awareness.
26．How did the author change when she stopped hiding
A．She started to open up and be herself. B．She met someone who cured her disability.
C．She was fed up with the company of others. D．She reduced involvement in the disability group.
27．What can we learn from this passage
A．Misfortune is a good teacher. B．Disability is not a barrier to success.
C．Self-acceptance can lead to self-love. D．Nothing beats the feeling of being loved.
C
Research spanning several decades demonstrates that you are more likely to think the information that is repeated to be true than the information you hear only once. You usually assume that if people put in effort to repeat a statement, this reflects the truth of the statement. This tendency-also called the truth effect-is a bias (偏见) that can lead you to draw incorrect conclusions.
To what degree are people aware of the truth effect This question was addressed in a paper in the journal Cognition early this year.
In the critical study in this paper, participants did two sessions. In one session, they read about a hypothetical (虚构的) study in which they were exposed to some statements and then were asked whether both statements they had heard before as well as these new statements were true. They were asked to predict the proportion (比例) of each statement that would be judged as true. They did this both as a prediction of other people’s performance as well as a prediction of how they would do in this study.
At another session a few days later, participants actually performed this study, reading a set of 20 statements in the hypothetical study again and then judging the truth of altogether 40 statements, half of which were from the hypothetical study and the other half of which were new.
This study did replicate the well known truth effect. People were more likely to judge statements they had seen before as true than statements that were new. Two interesting findings emerged from the prediction. First, participants tended to underestimate the size of the truth effect for everyone. T hat is, while they did expect some difference in judgments between the statements seen before and those that were new, they thought this difference would be smaller than it actually was. Second, participants more significantly underpredicted the truth effect for themselves compared to that for other people.
This study is particularly important in light of the amount of misinformation present in social media. Many people have the power to influence public opinion about important matters. Flooding social media feeds with misinformation will lead people to believe this information is true just because it is stated. Recognizing that we are all susceptible to this influence of repeated information should lead us to mistrust our intuition (直觉) about what is true and to look up important information prior to using it to make important judgments and decisions.
28．In the first paragraph, the author intends to ______.
A．clarify a misconception B．present a phenomenon
C．challenge a statement D．confirm a theory
29．What can we learn from the study
A．Impacts of the truth effect require further studies.
B．Making predictions before judgments is significant.
C．People have hardly any awareness of the truth effect.
D．People tend to believe they can make wiser judgments.
30．What does the word “susceptible” underlined in the last paragraph most probably mean
A．Critical. B．Subject. C．Opposed. D．Adapted.
D
For all programmers and processor industry participants, the RISC-V website is almost a must-visit as an open standard. Instruction Set Architecture, which is defined as the design of a computer from the programmer’s perspective, enabling a new era of processor innovation through open cooperation.
Unlike X86 and ARM, which are owned by certain enterprises, RISC-V is an open one, allowing anybody to download its instructions handbook and use it. Maybe that is why some US lawmakers are targeting RISC-V. Republican Senator Marco Rubio and Democratic Senator Mark Warner have reportedly been urging US President Joe Biden to take action regarding RISC-V, because, they fear that Chinese companies might make use of the open-source platform to improve their chips (芯片) technology.
Maybe the legislators (立法者) do not realize that by targeting RISC-V they are targeting not only a company or a platform but the idea of openness itself. Being a US company. RISC-V has a global membership, with a number of Chinese and US enterprises as members. It has for long been known as an open-minded institution promoting technological cooperation despite the political tensions, and the US lawmakers targeting it seem to be closing one of the last channels of technology communication between China and their nation.
By doing so they are harming the United States’ own interests and its technological leadership in the world. Open source is a good computing tool that benefits those who share programs as well as those who learn from it. The Android smartphone system, for example, has developed largely because Google decided to make it an open-source system, which attracted worldwide smartphone businesses to adopt its standard.
The US lawmakers might next target GitHub, or, some day, even forbid programmers from accessing the Internet. That will only lead to the US losing its technological edge, never to get it back again.
31．What is RISC-V according to the passage
A．A website for programmers. B．A computer design standard.
C．An open-source platform. D．A US chips company.
32．The first paragraph serves as a (n) ________.
A．argument B．background C．proof D．connection
33．What does the author mainly emphasize about US targeting RISC-V
A．Fairness. B．Interests. C．Cooperation. D．Openness.
34．Which can be inferred from the passage
A．RISC-V enables processor innovation through open cooperation.
B．US lawmakers are targeting RISC-V for the technology safety concern.
C．The example of Android demonstrates the benefits of technological openness.
D．GitHub and the Internet are the next target US will focus on to safeguard its leadership.
第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When students get home, they usually sit down at the table and pull out their homework. Piles of papers rise all the way to the ceiling. American students should get less homework on a daily basis. 35
Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind. Stress causes lack of sleep, slipping grades, tiredness, unhealthy eating habits, depression, and so on. Nervous breakdowns can make completing homework much more of a struggle and also effect the health and life of a student.
36 The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that. Twenty three percent of 13-year-olds do more than 2 hours a night. 37 There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours.
Doing homework all night can take away a student’s free time and sleep. Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities. 38 Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing. Staying up late and doing homework takes away a student’s time to sleep. Not enough sleep can leave students tired, and at school they might focus less or fall asleep during class.
Shouldn’t students get less homework so that they can be happy and have more time with family and friends 39 If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness!
A．Lack of sleep can cause great stress.
B．The more the students do, the less they get out of doing it.
C．Administrators, teachers, and parents need to address this issue.
D．Family time is also decreased, which can add more family conflict.
E．Homework-related anxiety and stress can affect school work negatively.
F．Kids are doing more than the recommended amount with no academic benefits.
G．Anyway, too much homework can cause quite a few physical and mental problems.
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32 分)
第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
If you are a psychology enthusiast, you have probably heard of the famous marshmallow test (棉花糖实验). In this task, kids are given a marshmallow, and are told that they can eat that marshmallow now, or wait a little while, and have two marshmallows instead. Some kids eat the marshmallow immediately, but most try their best to wait for two.
When the researchers followed up with those kids later in life, children who waited longer had better life outcomes: more academic success, better social behavior, and even markers of better health. They believe those children who keep waiting are the ones with the most self-control-a key factor in success, and that’s why they are so successful later.
But what if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control
A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. For example, in the United States, there is no widespread mealtime custom of waiting until everyone is served. In Japan, however, there is.
Because of this difference in norms, the researchers hypothesized that Japanese children would wait longer in the marshmallow test than the American children. This is exactly what they found later in experiments.
But this isn’t conclusive evidence; after all, maybe Japanese children actually have better self-control, or maybe they differ from American children in other ways that could explain the result.
In the U. S., gifts are usually given on special occasions and children usually have to wait before they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately.
Given these cultural differences, scientists expected that if they ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids would wait longer. Once again, their hypothesis was correct.
This is a powerful result because it demonstrates the importance of culture and habit in shaping behavior. If a child waits only few minutes before giving up on two marshmallows but much longer to unwrap a gift, can we really say that child lacks self-control I don’t think so. I think it just means that they are adjusting well to their social settings.
40．According to the researchers, why do children who wait longer have better life outcomes
41．What was the purpose of the 2022 study
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallows.
43．Besides the cases mentioned in the passage, please give one or two examples to show how culture shapes your behavior. (In about 40 words)
第二节 (20 分)
假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。在第16个全国防灾减灾日到来之际，你们学校开展了一次以“安全进校园”为主题的教育活动。你校国际部交换生 Jim 对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.活动安排。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：全国防灾减灾日—National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua2024年高考考前押题密卷（北京卷）
英语
（考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1、考生务必在答题卡指定区域作答，在试卷上作答无效。
2、考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分)
第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We live in a town, about half a mile from the banks of the Ahr River. It had been raining buckets that week and there were 1 warnings for some of the nearby areas, but not where I was.
As a precaution, I’d 2 sandbags outside my garden door and piled electronics and clothing on tables and the couch just in case water managed to see p through.
As I fell asleep, I was 3 by the sound of rushing water. When I swung my legs off the bed, I was 4 to feel cold water already up to my knees and rising fast. Shivering and in darkness, I grabbed my phone and 5 its flashlight. Water was coming from the garden door, and chairs, bookshelves and pieces of my drum set were floating all over my living room. The Ahr must have 6 burst its banks and breached the sandbags. And now I had to get out — fast!
With the water now up to my waist, in bare feet I started to paddle to my only 7 : the door leading to upstairs. Finally I made it to that door and tried to pull it open, but the water’s pressure was high. I managed to make a 8 of about 30 centimeters with all my strength and effort, enough for me to squeeze through. Rushing down outside, I 9 that if I had woken up just a few minutes later, I would have drowned.
The experience made me grateful and determined to live each day to its fullest. I will remember what my mother told me: “Don’t remember the day when you 10 everything. Remember the day you survived.”
1．A．flood B．earthquake C．drought D．sandstorm
2．A．cleaned B．lifted C．recovered D．placed
3．A．threatened B．awakened C．weakened D．tightened
4．A．excited B．shocked C．depressed D．exhausted
5．A．showed up B．looked up C．turned on D．went on
6．A．carefully B．gradually C．violently D．constantly
7．A．escape B．mind C．problem D．stage
8．A．gap B．depth C．height D．cut
9．A．pretended B．promised C．imagined D．realised
10．A．lacked B．found C．lost D．gained
【参考答案】
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．D 10．C
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的一次脱险经历。由于连下大雨，使得河流决堤，爆发了洪水，殃及到作者所居住的区域。尽管作者提前做好了“抗洪”准备，但是，洪水的破坏力还是使得作者的家，以及该区域一片狼藉。幸运的是，作者逃生并幸存了下来。
【详情解析】
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那个星期一直下着大雨，附近的一些地区发布了洪水警报，但我所在的地方没有。A. flood洪水；B. earthquake地震；C. drought干旱；D. sandstorm沙尘暴。根据“It had been raining buckets that week”可知，下大雨应是发布洪水警报，故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为预防措施，我在花园门外放了沙袋，把电子产品和衣服堆在桌子和沙发上，以防水浸透。A. cleaned打扫；B. lifted举起，（被）提起；C. recovered恢复；D. placed放置。结合语境及“piled electronics and clothing on tables and the couch”可知，此处指在花园门外放了沙袋，故选D。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我刚睡着，就被哗哗的水声吵醒了。A. threatened威胁；B. awakened（使）醒来；C. weakened削弱，减弱；D. tightened（使）变紧。根据“As I fell asleep”可知，作者正在睡觉，故此处指被水声吵醒，故选B。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我把腿从床上甩下来时，我震惊地感到冷水已经没过膝盖，而且还在迅速上升。A. excited兴奋的；B. shocked震惊的；C. depressed沮丧的；D. exhausted筋疲力尽的。根据“to feel cold water already up to my knees and rising fast”可知，作者一觉醒来感到冷水已经没过膝盖，而且还在迅速上升，应是感到震惊，故选B。
5．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在黑暗中瑟瑟发抖，我抓起手机，打开了手电筒。A. showed up出现；B. looked up查阅，向上看；C. turned on打开；D. went on继续。根据“Shivering and in darkness”可知，作者身处黑暗中，故是抓起手机打开手电筒，故选C。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：阿尔河一定猛烈地冲垮了河岸，冲破了沙袋。A. carefully仔细地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. violently猛烈地，激烈地；D. constantly不断地。根据上文“Water was coming from the garden door, and chairs, bookshelves and pieces of my drum set were floating all over my living room.(水从花园的门里涌了出来，椅子、书架和我的架子鼓碎片漂浮在客厅里)”可知，家里遭遇洪水，故此处指阿尔河猛烈地冲垮了河岸，故选C。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在水没到我的腰了，我光着脚开始划向我唯一的逃生之处：通往楼上的门。A. escape逃脱；B. mind头脑；C. problem问题；D. stage舞台。根据空后“the door leading to upstairs”可知，水位已经到了腰部，作者应是上楼逃生，故选A。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我使出了全身的力气和力气，总算挤出了30厘米左右的空隙，才勉强挤了过去。A. gap间隙，开口；B. depth深度；C. height高度；D. cut划口。根据“enough for me to squeeze through”可知，此处指使出浑身力气打开一个间隙挤过去，故选A。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我冲到外面，意识到如果我几分钟后醒来，我就会淹死。A. pretended假装；B. promised承诺；C. imagined想象；D. realised意识到。结合空后“if I had woken up just a few minutes later, I would have drowned”可知，此处指作者意识到形势的严峻，如果晚几分钟醒来可能就被淹死了。故选D。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会记住妈妈告诉我的话：“不要记得你失去一切的那一天。记住你活下来的那一天。”A. lacked缺少；B. found发现；C. lost失去；D. gained获得。结合作者的经历以及下文“Remember the day you survived.”可知，作者从洪水中幸存，故此处指不要想自己失去了一切，而是要记得活下来的那一天，故选C。
第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当 的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指 定区域作答。
A
When I lived in Boston, I taught English as a second language to adult students from around the world. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they had learned enough English 11 (organize) such an event altogether. At the end of the party, they proudly handed me a gift box. After the box 12 (open), I gently lifted a beautiful coat from it. “We went shopping for a new coat!” they all shouted 13 wonderfully perfect English.
【参考答案】
11．to organize 12．was opened 13．in
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。一位教师在波士顿教授来自世界各地的成人学生学习英语，学生取得了很大的语言进步。
【详情解析】
11．考查动词不定式。句意：我很惊讶他们学到了足够的英语足以组织这样一个活动。由enough可知，此处使用动词不定式作结果状语，表示“……多到足以做某事”，故填to organize。
12．考查时态和语态。句意：盒子打开后，我轻轻地从里面拿出一件漂亮的外套。根据“I gently lifted a beautiful coat from it.”以及box承受open的动作可知，从句的谓语动词使用一般过去时的被动语态，box为单数，故填was opened。
13．考查介词。句意：我们去买一件新外套！他们都用非常完美的英语喊道。使用某种语言用介词in，故填in。
B
Saturday not only marked the last day of China’s 2024 Spring Festival holiday, but also closed out the eight-day domestic film period, 14 ended strongly as the highest-grossing Chinese New Year holiday in the history of domestic cinema. According to a report, over 163 million people 15 (go) to cinemas, a 26% increase from the 2023 Spring Festival holiday. And box-office sales reached more than 8 billion yuan, up 18% 16 (compare) to last year’s holiday period.
【参考答案】
14．which 15．went 16．compared
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是周六不仅是中国2024年春节假期的最后一天，也是为期8天的国产电影档期的最后一天，该档期以国产电影史上票房最高的春节假期强势结束。
【详情解析】
14．考查定语从句。句意：周六不仅是中国2024年春节假期的最后一天，也是为期8天的国产电影档期的最后一天，该档期以国产电影史上票房最高的春节假期强势结束。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词film period是指电影档期，因此空格处用which引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。
15．考查时态。句意：根据一份报告，超过1.63亿人去电影院，比2023年春节假期增加了26%。根据语境可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式went，故填went。
16．考查非谓语动词。句意：票房收入超过80亿元，比去年同期增长18%。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是reached，空格处用非谓语动词，box-office sales和compare之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填compared。
C
ChatGPT is a chatbot. Some schools 17 (ban) it since its birth. They need time to make rules about 18 it’s to be used properly in class. Some teachers see it as a 19 (cheat) tool. But many principals believe it’s too late to keep AI out of classrooms. A growing number of 20 (educate) say the panic about AI is a lot like the panic caused by the Internet when it was new. One of them says, “ChatGPT is to English and to writing what the calculator is to math.”
【参考答案】
17．have banned 18．how 19．cheating 20．educators
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一些学校禁止使用ChatGPT，但许多教育工作者认为人工智能在教育中是很重要的。
【详情解析】
17．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一些学校自其诞生以来就禁止它。根据句中的“since its birth”可知，谓语动词ban使用现在完成时，主语“some schools”为复数意义，谓语复数形式，故填have banned。
18．考查宾语从句。句意：他们需要时间来制定规则，规定如何在课堂上正确使用。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少状语，表示“如何”，因此使用连接副词how引导宾语从句，故填how。
19．考查动名词。句意：一些老师认为这是一种作弊工具。动名词形式作定语修饰名词tool，用来表示该名词的用途、目的或场合，cheating修饰tool，意为“用来作弊的工具”，故填cheating。
20．考查名词。句意：越来越多的教育工作者表示，对人工智能的恐慌很像互联网刚出现时引起的恐慌。此处应填名词作宾语，需要的词义为“教育工作者”，即educator，它是可数名词，前有“a growing number of ”修饰，则educator需要变复数形式，故填educators。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38 分)
第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并 在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Columbia Engineering’s Summer High School Academic Program for Engineers (SHAPE) is a selective pre-college program for high school students and recent graduates. SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Each 3-week session offers college-level, project-based courses in engineering taught by celebrated professors at the university.
SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there.
Courses
SHAPE features creative problem-solving courses and exposes students to innovative engineering techniques and knowledge presented by professors. Please note that SHAPE does not provide college credit.
Students gain access to the famous MakerSpace and state-of-the-art research laboratories after completing the safety training and will only do so under close guidance.
SHAPE also provides students with workshops to explore career fields, professional development, and guidance on sharpening one’s college application from admissions officers. Students in the program will be visiting companies and organizations that show the classroom content in practice.
Application
Students are selected based on the following criteria:
1. Strong academic record
2. Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.
3. Enthusiastic letter of recommendation submitted by a math or science teacher
4. Creative responses to two required questions and one of the three optional questions
We encourage all students to apply by the priority deadline of June 15, 2023, so there is no application fee. After the priority deadline, a $50 application fee is required.
SHAPE is dedicated to supporting students and their families in need of financial assistance. We offer a limited number of need-based scholarships, which cover the full cost of SHAPE. To be considered for a need-based scholarship, families will need to provide a recent pay receipt and complete a Family Income and Expense Worksheet.
Email: shape@columbia.edu for more information.
21．What can we learn about SHAPE
A．It suits students talented in STEM. B．It shows the procedure of learning STEM.
C．It serves as the start of students’ college life. D．It gives students chances to work with engineers.
22．In SHAPE, students can .
A．be free to explore the MakerSpace B．earn college credit for future study
C．put school knowledge into practice D．be equipped with skills for engineering
23．To secure a place in SHAPE, students need to .
A．show their family financial state B．answer all the given questions
C．pay application fees before deadline D．prove their learning capability
【参考答案】
21．A 22．D 23．D
【语篇解读】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一项针对高中生和应届毕业生的选择性大学预科课程：SHAPE。介绍了其课程特色以及申请要求。
【详情解析】
21．细节理解题。根据第一段“SHAPE is tailored for students with a gift for STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.(SHAPE是为具有STEM：科学、技术、工程和数学天赋的学生量身定制的)”可知，SHAPE适合在STEM领域有天赋的学生。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据第二段“SHAPE gives students a more realistic picture of what it means to be an engineer, and its professional development components help students develop the skills they need to get there.(SHAPE让学生对成为一名工程师意味着什么有了一个更现实的认识，它的专业发展部分帮助学生发展他们到达那里所需的技能)”可知，在SHAPE，学生可以掌握工程技能。故选D。
23．细节理解题。根据Application部分中“Personal statement to demonstrate excitement and interest in STEM through engagement in challenging courses, activities, projects, etc.(个人陈述，通过参与具有挑战性的课程、活动、项目等，展示对STEM的兴奋和兴趣)”可知，申请条件中需要学生陈述自己参加过的有挑战性的课程、活动、项目，这能证明自己的学习能力，由此可知，为了在SHAPE获得一席之地，学生需要证明自己的学习能力。故选D。
B
My birth was a little more dramatic than the standard way a baby enters the world. I was born missing my left hand. Indeed, my limb (手臂) difference could have been a disaster if it hadn’t been for what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mother’s arms and instructed, “You will take her home. You will love her and treat her as normal.”
That is exactly what happened. I played sports, acted in theater, excelled in school and had playdates with friends. While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun of for it.
However, that fact that I was different hit me hard my first day of high school. I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the need to fit in is intensified. I remember one of the other kids on the school bus stared just a little too long at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I slipped it into my pocket. I told myself that I’d just hide it that one day, while I was trying to make friends. But one day of hiding turned into a week, a month, and years — 25 of them to be exact.
When I was 38 years old, tired of hiding and lonely, I met someone special and invited him in. The combination of me finally feeling ready to unhide and his willingness to go through the unhiding process with me was exactly what I needed. For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, touch it, love it — love me. I saw my limb difference as something unique about me, something that should be shown, not hidden.
It was a transformational experience, and I learned to love me too. It changed how I lived my entire life and made me happier. I also discovered and joined the Lucky Fin Project, an organisation devoted to people with all types of disabilities.
Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is tiring and lonely, and it prevents us from getting help and support. It’s time to change that.
24．What was the author’s childhood like
A．She had no social interactions with friends. B．She was raised with care and treated normally.
C．She faced some challenges in school activities. D．She was upset about the attention to her difference.
25．What happened to the author when she was 13 years old
A．She began to ignore her disability. B．She suffered prejudice from some kids.
C．She started hiding herself away from friends. D．She became sensitive due to her self-awareness.
26．How did the author change when she stopped hiding
A．She started to open up and be herself. B．She met someone who cured her disability.
C．She was fed up with the company of others. D．She reduced involvement in the disability group.
27．What can we learn from this passage
A．Misfortune is a good teacher. B．Disability is not a barrier to success.
C．Self-acceptance can lead to self-love. D．Nothing beats the feeling of being loved.
【参考答案】
24．B 25．D 26．A 27．C
【语篇解读】
本文为一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美。作者意识到只有自我接纳，才能好好爱自己。
【详情解析】
24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Indeed, my limb difference could have been a disaster if it hadn’t been for what happened next. A nurse placed me in my mother’s arms and instructed, “You will take her home. You will love her and treat her as normal.”(事实上，如果没有接下来发生的事情，我的肢体差异可能是一场灾难。一位护士把我放在母亲的怀里，嘱咐我说:“你带她回家。你会爱她，像对待正常人一样对待她。”)”及第二段“That is exactly what happened. I played sports, acted in theater, excelled in school and had playdates with friends. While I did get some stares and “polite” questions about my disability, I was lucky because I wasn’t made fun of for it.(事实正是如此。我参加体育运动，在剧院表演，在学校表现优异，和朋友一起玩。虽然我确实得到了一些关于我的残疾的凝视和“礼貌”的问题，但我很幸运，因为我没有因此而被取笑)”可知，作者虽然天生残疾，但是在童年时代受到了精心照料，受到正常的对待。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“I was 13, an age when kids are already very self-conscious and the need to fit in is intensified. I remember one of the other kids on the school bus stared just a little too long at my left arm. I felt a sudden urge to hide my hand, so I slipped it into my pocket.(我13岁，这个年纪的孩子已经很有自我意识了，融入社会的需求也越来越强烈。我记得校车上的一个孩子盯着我的左臂看了太久。我突然有一种想把手藏起来的冲动，于是我把它塞进了口袋)”可知，当作者13岁的时候，由于有了自我意识，作者对于周围的目光十分敏感。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段“The combination of me finally feeling ready to unhide and his willingness to go through the unhiding process with me was exactly what I needed. For the first time in my life, I allowed someone to really hold my limb, look at it, touch it, love it—love me. I saw my limb difference as something unique about me, something that should be shown, not hidden.(我终于觉得自己准备好了袒露自己，而他愿意和我一起经历袒露的过程，这正是我所需要的。这是我人生中第一次，我允许别人真正地握住我的胳膊，看它，摸它，爱它——爱我。我认为我的肢体差异是我的独特之处，应该被展示出来，而不是被隐藏起来)”可知，当作者停止隐藏时，她开始敞开心扉，做自己。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据全文内容，作者生来残疾，小时候被好好照顾，直到中学时自我意识觉醒对周围的目光变得敏感，将自己隐藏起来，到38岁时决定敞开做自己，不再隐藏，接收自己的不完美，结合倒数第二段“It was a transformational experience, and I learned to love me too.(这是一次转变的经历，我也学会了爱自己)”及最后一段“Hiding things, especially from loved ones, is tiring and lonely, and it prevents us from getting help and support.(隐藏事情，尤其是对所爱的人，是很累和孤独的，它阻止我们得到帮助和支持)”可推知，作者在成长过程中感悟到了，接收自己才能爱自己。由此推知，从文章中我们知道了“自我接纳会导致自爱”。故选C。
C
Research spanning several decades demonstrates that you are more likely to think the information that is repeated to be true than the information you hear only once. You usually assume that if people put in effort to repeat a statement, this reflects the truth of the statement. This tendency-also called the truth effect-is a bias (偏见) that can lead you to draw incorrect conclusions.
To what degree are people aware of the truth effect This question was addressed in a paper in the journal Cognition early this year.
In the critical study in this paper, participants did two sessions. In one session, they read about a hypothetical (虚构的) study in which they were exposed to some statements and then were asked whether both statements they had heard before as well as these new statements were true. They were asked to predict the proportion (比例) of each statement that would be judged as true. They did this both as a prediction of other people’s performance as well as a prediction of how they would do in this study.
At another session a few days later, participants actually performed this study, reading a set of 20 statements in the hypothetical study again and then judging the truth of altogether 40 statements, half of which were from the hypothetical study and the other half of which were new.
This study did replicate the well known truth effect. People were more likely to judge statements they had seen before as true than statements that were new. Two interesting findings emerged from the prediction. First, participants tended to underestimate the size of the truth effect for everyone. T hat is, while they did expect some difference in judgments between the statements seen before and those that were new, they thought this difference would be smaller than it actually was. Second, participants more significantly underpredicted the truth effect for themselves compared to that for other people.
This study is particularly important in light of the amount of misinformation present in social media. Many people have the power to influence public opinion about important matters. Flooding social media feeds with misinformation will lead people to believe this information is true just because it is stated. Recognizing that we are all susceptible to this influence of repeated information should lead us to mistrust our intuition (直觉) about what is true and to look up important information prior to using it to make important judgments and decisions.
28．In the first paragraph, the author intends to ______.
A．clarify a misconception B．present a phenomenon
C．challenge a statement D．confirm a theory
29．What can we learn from the study
A．Impacts of the truth effect require further studies.
B．Making predictions before judgments is significant.
C．People have hardly any awareness of the truth effect.
D．People tend to believe they can make wiser judgments.
30．What does the word “susceptible” underlined in the last paragraph most probably mean
A．Critical. B．Subject. C．Opposed. D．Adapted.
【参考答案】
28．B 29．D 30．B
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了一种被称作“真实效应”的心理偏见现象，即人们更容易相信被重复表述的信息，而不是只听到一次的信息，呼吁人们应该更加警惕重复信息的影响，以及在做出重要判断和决策之前查证重要信息的真实性。
【详情解析】
28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Research spanning several decades demonstrates that you are more likely to think the information that is repeated to be true than the information you hear only once. You usually assume that if people put in effort to repeat a statement, this reflects the truth of the statement. This tendency-also called the truth effect-is a bias that can lead you to draw incorrect conclusions.(几十年的研究表明，与只听到一次的信息相比，你更有可能认为重复的信息是真实的。你通常认为，如果人们努力重复一句话，这就反映了这句话的真实性。这种倾向——也被称为真实效应——是一种偏见，它会导致你得出错误的结论。)”可知，作者的意图是阐明一个现象，即“真实效应”，这是一种偏见，可能导致人们得出不正确的结论。故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据第五段的“Second, participants more significantly underpredicted the truth effect for themselves compared to that for other people. (第二，与他人相比，参与者对自己真实效应的低估更为显著。) ”可知，人们在对“真实效应”的认识上存在一些偏差，尤其是对于他们自己而言。他们往往低估了这种效应的影响，认为自己能够做出更明智的判断。故选D。
30．词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“This study is particularly important in light of the amount of misinformation present in social media. Many people have the power to influence public opinion about important matters. Flooding social media feeds with misinformation will lead people to believe this information is true just because it is stated.(鉴于社交媒体上存在大量错误信息，这项研究尤为重要。许多人有能力在重要问题上影响公众舆论。充斥在社交媒体上的错误信息会让人们相信这些信息是真实的，仅仅因为它是陈述出来的。)”可知，人们容易受到重复信息的影响，从而误导人们的判断，因此划线词意为“易受影响的”，subject(易遭受……的，受……支配的，可能受……影响的)与其是同义词。故选B。
D
For all programmers and processor industry participants, the RISC-V website is almost a must-visit as an open standard. Instruction Set Architecture, which is defined as the design of a computer from the programmer’s perspective, enabling a new era of processor innovation through open cooperation.
Unlike X86 and ARM, which are owned by certain enterprises, RISC-V is an open one, allowing anybody to download its instructions handbook and use it. Maybe that is why some US lawmakers are targeting RISC-V. Republican Senator Marco Rubio and Democratic Senator Mark Warner have reportedly been urging US President Joe Biden to take action regarding RISC-V, because, they fear that Chinese companies might make use of the open-source platform to improve their chips (芯片) technology.
Maybe the legislators (立法者) do not realize that by targeting RISC-V they are targeting not only a company or a platform but the idea of openness itself. Being a US company. RISC-V has a global membership, with a number of Chinese and US enterprises as members. It has for long been known as an open-minded institution promoting technological cooperation despite the political tensions, and the US lawmakers targeting it seem to be closing one of the last channels of technology communication between China and their nation.
By doing so they are harming the United States’ own interests and its technological leadership in the world. Open source is a good computing tool that benefits those who share programs as well as those who learn from it. The Android smartphone system, for example, has developed largely because Google decided to make it an open-source system, which attracted worldwide smartphone businesses to adopt its standard.
The US lawmakers might next target GitHub, or, some day, even forbid programmers from accessing the Internet. That will only lead to the US losing its technological edge, never to get it back again.
31．What is RISC-V according to the passage
A．A website for programmers. B．A computer design standard.
C．An open-source platform. D．A US chips company.
32．The first paragraph serves as a (n) ________.
A．argument B．background C．proof D．connection
33．What does the author mainly emphasize about US targeting RISC-V
A．Fairness. B．Interests. C．Cooperation. D．Openness.
34．Which can be inferred from the passage
A．RISC-V enables processor innovation through open cooperation.
B．US lawmakers are targeting RISC-V for the technology safety concern.
C．The example of Android demonstrates the benefits of technological openness.
D．GitHub and the Internet are the next target US will focus on to safeguard its leadership.
【参考答案】
31．C 32．B 33．D 34．C
【语篇解读】
本文为一篇议论文，讨论美国意图关闭RISC-V这一开放平台来遏制中国芯片发展的行为影响了科研的开放性。
【详情解析】
31．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“For all programmers and processor industry participants, the RISC-V website is almost a must-visit as an open standard. (对于所有程序员和处理器行业的参与者来说，RISC-V网站几乎是一个必须访问的开放标准。)”；第二段“Republican Senator Marco Rubio and Democratic Senator Mark Warner have reportedly been urging US President Joe Biden to take action regarding RISC-V, because, they fear that Chinese companies might make use of the open-source platform to improve their chips (芯片) technology. (据报道，共和党参议员马可·卢比奥和民主党参议员马克·华纳一直在敦促美国总统乔·拜登对RISC-V采取行动，因为他们担心中国公司可能会利用开源平台来改进他们的芯片技术。)”及第三段“Maybe the legislators do not realize that by targeting RISC-V they are targeting not only a company or a platform but the idea of openness itself. (也许立法者没有意识到，通过针对RISC-V，他们针对的不仅仅是一家公司或一个平台，而是开放的理念本身。)”可知，RISC-V不仅是美国的公司，还是开放的指令构建平台，它不仅限于一个网站和指令标准，也不是芯片公司，因此，它是一个开源平台。故选C。
32．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“For all programmers and processor industry participants, the RISC-V website is almost a must-visit as an open standard. Instruction Set Architecture, which is defined as the design of a computer from the programmer’s perspective, enabling a new era of processor innovation through open cooperation. (对于所有程序员和处理器行业的参与者来说，RISC-V网站几乎是一个必须访问的开放标准。指令集架构，它被定义为从程序员的角度设计计算机，通过开放合作实现处理器创新的新时代。)”可知，第一段介绍了RISC-V网站对程序员的研究的重要性，为了引入全文的背景知识。故选B。
33．细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“Maybe the legislators (立法者) do not realize that by targeting RISC-V they are targeting not only a company or a platform but the idea of openness itself. (也许立法者没有意识到，通过针对RISC-V，他们针对的不仅仅是一家公司或一个平台，而是开放的理念本身。)”讲美国针对RISC-V其实是针对开放性本身；第四段第二句“Open source is a good computing tool that benefits those who share programs as well as those who learn from it. (开源是一种很好的计算工具，对那些共享程序的人以及从中学习的人都有好处。)”说明科技开放性会惠及自身和其他人。由此可知，对于美国针对RISC-V，作者重点强调开放性。故选D。
34．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Open source is a good computing tool that benefits those who share programs as well as those who learn from it. The Android smartphone system, for example, has developed largely because Google decided to make it an open-source system, which attracted worldwide smartphone businesses to adopt its standard. (开源是一种很好的计算工具，对那些共享程序的人以及从中学习的人都有好处。例如，安卓智能手机系统的发展很大程度上是因为谷歌决定将其作为一个开源系统，吸引了全球智能手机企业采用其标准。)”可知，科技开放性对分享者和学习者都有好处，作者利用安卓系统的例子证明了这一点。故选C。第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
When students get home, they usually sit down at the table and pull out their homework. Piles of papers rise all the way to the ceiling. American students should get less homework on a daily basis. 35
Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind. Stress causes lack of sleep, slipping grades, tiredness, unhealthy eating habits, depression, and so on. Nervous breakdowns can make completing homework much more of a struggle and also effect the health and life of a student.
36 The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that. Twenty three percent of 13-year-olds do more than 2 hours a night. 37 There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours.
Doing homework all night can take away a student’s free time and sleep. Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities. 38 Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing. Staying up late and doing homework takes away a student’s time to sleep. Not enough sleep can leave students tired, and at school they might focus less or fall asleep during class.
Shouldn’t students get less homework so that they can be happy and have more time with family and friends 39 If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness!
A．Lack of sleep can cause great stress.
B．The more the students do, the less they get out of doing it.
C．Administrators, teachers, and parents need to address this issue.
D．Family time is also decreased, which can add more family conflict.
E．Homework-related anxiety and stress can affect school work negatively.
F．Kids are doing more than the recommended amount with no academic benefits.
G．Anyway, too much homework can cause quite a few physical and mental problems.
【参考答案】
35．G 36．F 37．B 38．D 39．C
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了大量的家庭作业可能会给学生带来的身心健康问题，并号召管理人员、教师和家长解决这个问题。
【详情解析】
35．根据后文“Loads of homework can cause stress in a student and lead to health issues in the body and mind.(大量的家庭作业会给学生带来压力，并导致身心健康问题。)”可知，此处是讲过多的家庭作业会导致身心健康问题，所以选项G“无论如何，太多的家庭作业会导致相当多的身体和精神问题。”切合文意。故选G。
36．根据后文“The recommended amount is 10 minutes times the grade level. So first grade gets 10 minutes; second grade gets 20 minutes; third grade gets 30 minutes, and so on, but kids are doing much more than that.(建议的时间是10分钟乘以年级水平。一年级有10分钟；二年级有20分钟；三年级只有30分钟，以此类推，但孩子们做的远远不止这些。)”可知，此处是指学生的实际作业量远超推荐量是没有好处的，所以选项F“孩子们的作业量超过了推荐量，却没有任何学业上的好处。”切合文意。故选F。
37．根据后文“There is no academic benefit for high school students after 2 hours and there are no academic benefits for middle school students after 1 and a half hours.(2小时后对高中生没有任何学习效益，1个半小时后对中学生没有任何学习效益。)”可知，此处是讲学生的作业量太多没有任何好处，所以选项B“学生做得越多，从中得到的就越少。”切合文意。故选B。
38．根据前文“Always doing homework can lead to less time for sports and after-school activities.(总是做作业会导致运动和课外活动的时间减少。)”和后文“Worse still, hanging out with friends is decreased, so that means there is less socializing.(更糟糕的是，和朋友出去玩的时间减少了，这意味着社交活动减少了。)”可知，此处是讲过多的作业量会导致学生各方面的时间减少以及带来的后果，所以选项D“家庭时间也减少，这可能会增加更多的家庭冲突。”切合文意。故选D。
39．根据后文“If teachers and parents tried to reduce the amount of homework, there would be a decrease in stress and anxiety and an increase in happiness!(如果老师和家长设法减少家庭作业的数量，压力和焦虑就会减少，幸福就会增加！)”可知，此处是讲号召解决家庭作业过多的问题，所以选项C“管理人员、教师和家长需要解
决这个问题。”切合文意。故选C。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32 分)
第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
If you are a psychology enthusiast, you have probably heard of the famous marshmallow test (棉花糖实验). In this task, kids are given a marshmallow, and are told that they can eat that marshmallow now, or wait a little while, and have two marshmallows instead. Some kids eat the marshmallow immediately, but most try their best to wait for two.
When the researchers followed up with those kids later in life, children who waited longer had better life outcomes: more academic success, better social behavior, and even markers of better health. They believe those children who keep waiting are the ones with the most self-control-a key factor in success, and that’s why they are so successful later.
But what if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control
A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. For example, in the United States, there is no widespread mealtime custom of waiting until everyone is served. In Japan, however, there is.
Because of this difference in norms, the researchers hypothesized that Japanese children would wait longer in the marshmallow test than the American children. This is exactly what they found later in experiments.
But this isn’t conclusive evidence; after all, maybe Japanese children actually have better self-control, or maybe they differ from American children in other ways that could explain the result.
In the U. S., gifts are usually given on special occasions and children usually have to wait before they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately.
Given these cultural differences, scientists expected that if they ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids would wait longer. Once again, their hypothesis was correct.
This is a powerful result because it demonstrates the importance of culture and habit in shaping behavior. If a child waits only few minutes before giving up on two marshmallows but much longer to unwrap a gift, can we really say that child lacks self-control I don’t think so. I think it just means that they are adjusting well to their social settings.
40．According to the researchers, why do children who wait longer have better life outcomes
41．What was the purpose of the 2022 study
42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallows.
43．Besides the cases mentioned in the passage, please give one or two examples to show how culture shapes your behavior. (In about 40 words)
【参考答案】
Because they believe those children are the ones with the most self-control.
41．To test if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control. 42．When scientists ran the test with gifts, American kids behaved the same as they did in the test with marshmallows.
When scientists ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids waited longer than Japanese kids. 43．In some cultures, individuals tend to value collectivism over individualism, leading to behaviors such as prioritizing group harmony and cooperation. In contrast, in cultures that prioritize individualism, behaviors like independence and self-reliance are more prevalent.
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现那些能够延迟满足的孩子在后续的生活中表现更好，包括更好的学业成绩、更好的社交行为以及更健康的生活指标。
【详情解析】
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段的“When the researchers followed up with those kids later in life, children who waited longer had better life outcomes: more academic success, better social behavior, and even markers of better health. They believe those children who keep waiting are the ones with the most self-control-a key factor in success, and that’s why they are so successful later. (当研究人员对这些孩子以后的生活进行跟踪调查时，等待时间较长的孩子有更好的生活结果：学业上更成功，社会行为更好，甚至身体更健康。他们相信那些坚持等待的孩子是最有自制力的——这是成功的关键因素，这就是为什么他们后来会如此成功。)”可知，根据研究人员的说法，等待时间更长的孩子会有更好的生活结果是因为那些孩子是最有自制力的，故答案为Because they believe those children are the ones with the most self-control.
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段的“But what if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control (但是，如果棉花糖测试中的行为更多地与文化规范有关，而不是自我控制呢？) ”和第四段的“A 2022 study tested the idea that children may decide how long to wait for rewards based on what they are accustomed to waiting for in their culture. (2022年的一项研究验证了这样一种观点，即儿童可能会根据他们在自己的文化中习惯等待的时间来决定等待奖励的时间。)”可知，2022年研究的目的是测试棉花糖测试中的行为是否更多地与文化规范而非自我控制有关，故答案为To test if the behavior in the marshmallow test has more to do with cultural norms than self-control.
42．考查细节理解。根据第七段的“In the U. S., gifts are usually given on special occasions and children usually have to wait before they can unwrap their presents. In Japan, however, gift-giving happens more often, and children usually open presents immediately. (在美国，礼物通常是在特殊的场合送的，孩子们通常要等一等才能打开礼物。然而，在日本，送礼的频率更高，孩子们通常会立即打开礼物。)”可知，“美国孩子的行为与他们在棉花糖测试中的行为相同。”这一说法是错误的，因为文章提到，当测试是用礼物而不是棉花糖进行时，美国孩子实际上等待的时间更长。因此，美国孩子的行为在这两种情况下是不同的。当科学家们用礼物代替棉花糖进行测试时，美国孩子比日本孩子等的时间长，故答案为When scientists ran the test with gifts instead of marshmallows, American kids waited longer than Japanese kids.
43．开放性试题。举例说明文化塑造行为，例如：在一些文化中，个人倾向于重视集体主义而非个人主义，这导致了诸如优先考虑群体和谐与合作等行为。相比之下，在重视个人主义的文化中，独立和自力更生等行为更为普遍，故答案为In some cultures, individuals tend to value collectivism over individualism, leading to behaviors such as prioritizing group harmony and cooperation. In contrast, in cultures that prioritize individualism, behaviors like independence and self-reliance are more prevalent.
第二节 (20 分)
假如你是红星中学高三学生李华。在第16个全国防灾减灾日到来之际，你们学校开展了一次以“安全进校园”为主题的教育活动。你校国际部交换生 Jim 对此很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.活动安排。
注意：
1.词数100左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：全国防灾减灾日—National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day
Dear Jim,
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【参考答案】
Dear Jim,
How is everything going Knowing that you are interested in the “Safety Education into Campus” event, I am glad to share it with you.
In response to the 16th National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, our school organized activities to raise our awareness of self-protection in the face of emergencies. First, an expert from a professional rescue team delivered a lecture on how to react when disasters strike us, such as fires and earthquakes, equipping us with basics of evacuation. Besides, we made brochures concerning the practical tips on dealing with disasters and handed them out on campus to further spread the safety knowledge among students.
I have prepared an English brochure for you. Hope it will help.
Yours,
Li Hua
【语篇解读】
本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给国际部交换生Jim写邮件，说明“安全进校园”为主题的教育活动的目的和安排。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
感兴趣的：be interested in→show interest in
高兴的：glad→delighted
此外：besides→furthermore
处理：deal with→cope with
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In response to the 16th National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, our school organized activities to raise our awareness of self-protection in the face of emergencies.
拓展句：In response to the 16th National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, our school organized activities that aim to raise our awareness of self-protection in the face of emergencies.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Knowing that you are interested in the “Safety Education into Campus” event, I am glad to share it with you.（运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】First, an expert from a professional rescue team delivered a lecture on how to react when disasters strike us, such as fires and earthquakes, equipping us with basics of evacuation.（运用了疑问词+to do作宾语和when引导的状语从句，现在分词作状语）
