人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 4 Adversity and courage Words and Expressions 讲义-

选必3 unit 4 词汇案
adversity / d v s ti /n.困境；逆境 adverse 不利的，有害的
diverse adj. 不同的，多种多样的 diversity n. 多样性
2.wage / we d / n.工资 salary /pay
3.bitter / b t (r)/adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦 bitterly 伤心地，痛苦地；愤怒地；极其，非常
4.expedition / eksp d n / n.探险；远征；探险队 exploration n. explore v.探索
5.endurance / n dj r ns / n.忍耐力；耐久力 → endure v.忍耐，忍受；持续，持久
6.vigour (NAmE vigor) / v ɡ (r) /n.精力；力量；活力 energy n.
7.turn sb. down 拒绝(某人) refuse /decline
turn...down把…调低 turn to 求助于；转向；翻至(某一页) turn up 出现；把…调高
turn over翻过来；移交 turn out 结果是……；生产，制造
①I sincerely hope your trip in China will turn out a most unforgettable experience in life.（应用文--旅行祝愿）
②Having undergone something miserable，he did not fall asleep，turning over in bed from time to time．
他经历了一些痛苦的事情，睡不着觉，在床上不时地翻来覆去。（读后续写动作描写）
8.qualified / kw l fa d /adj.符合资格的；胜任的；具备…的知识(或技能、学历等)
(1)be qualified for sth.有资格获得某物 be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事
(2)qualify vt.& vi. (使)具备资格；(使)合格 qualify sb. to do sth(使)某人有资格做某事
(3)qualification n.资格；资历；资格证书
I hold the strong belief that I am qualified for the position advertised in the newspaper.
我坚信我能胜任报纸上刊登的职位。
9.enthusiastic / n θju zi st k / adj.热情的；热心的 enthusiastically adv.
(1)be enthusiastic about (doing) sth.对(做)某事热情 be enthusiastic to do sth.做某事很热情
(2)enthusiasm n.热心；热忱；热情 lack/be full of enthusiasm缺乏/充满热情
with enthusiasm (＝enthusiastically)热情地
①He is always unselfish and good-tempered.Thus，he will be enthusiastic about helping those in trouble.
他总是无私慷慨，脾气又好。 因此，他会热心帮助那些有困难的人。（人物描写）
②Bernard and John still made popcorn with enthusiasm in spite of several failures.
10.aboard / b d/ adv.& prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
go aboard the bus/train/ship/plane上公共汽车/火车/轮船/飞机 Welcome aboard！欢迎乘坐(车、船、飞机)!
board vt/vi.. 登机;上船 They boarded the plane bound for Oslo(他们登上了去奥斯陆的飞机。 )
I was waiting to board when he called me.(我正在候机这时他来电话了）
寄宿，住校;将宠物暂时寄养在某处 寄宿生 a boarding student /boarder
n. 板 blackboard黑板/skateboard滑板 on board在船/火车/飞机上 boarding pass/card 登机牌
董事会，理事会，委员会 The proposal was formally approved by the board.(董事会批准了这项提案)
Eg.The instant the young couple went aboard the ship/boarded the ship, they were eating, talking and laughing loudly as if they were the only people in the world. 读后续写之动作描写
11.cupboard / k b d/n.橱柜；壁橱；衣柜 closet n.壁橱
12.assign / sa n /vt.分派；布置；分配 assignment n.任务；作业；分配；指派
assign sb. to do sth.指派某人做某事 assign sb.sth.＝assign sth. to sb.给某人分配(布置)某物/某事
During the Tree Planting Day, our monitor assigned a specific task to each student(分配给每名学生一个具体的任务). I was assigned to dig(被派去挖) the pits and my deskmate's assignment(我同桌的任务) was to put soil into the pits坑. 应用文写作之节日活动
13.steward / stju d /n.(轮船、飞机或火车上的)乘务员；服务员
14.envy / envi / n.&vt.羡慕；妒忌 envy sb.(doing) sth.羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事
out of envy出于羡慕/妒忌 with envy羡慕地；妒忌地
be green with envy /be red with anger/ be pale with fright非常羡慕、生气、害怕
envious adj.羡慕的；妒忌的 be envious of 羡慕，嫉妒 jealous adj. jealousy(n.)
15.crush /kr / vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 get crushed n.拥挤的人群
16.sink / s k /vi. (sink - sank/ sunk-sunk) 沉没;下沉；下降 n. 水槽，洗碗池
vt.使下沉；使沉没 My heart sank. 我的心一沉 be sunk/lost/buried in thought
17.abandon / b nd n/ vt./n舍弃；抛弃；放弃 abandoned adj.被抛弃的；报废的；自暴自弃的
(1)abandon oneself to.../ be abandoned to (doing) 沉湎于; 纵情于... abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
Eg.He abandoned himself to despair.他陷入绝望。
(2)with abandon放纵地；放任地
18.stove / st v / n.炉具；厨房灶具.
19.blanket / bl k t/ n.毯子 v.覆盖，笼罩surround/envelop
20.belongings /b l z /n. [pl.]财物；动产 possessions
(1)belonging n.归属 a sense of belonging归属感
(2)belong vi. 属于 belong to属于……；是……的成员 * (belong to 不用于进行时和被动语态。)
21.banjo / b nd /n.班卓琴(乐器)
22.miserable / m zr bl / adj.痛苦的;令人难受的 misery n.痛苦,苦难；不幸的事
23.voyage / v d /n.& vi.航海；航行 go/be on a voyage
24.navy / ne vi/ n.海军；海军部队
25.decent / di snt/adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
26.cosy / k zi / adj.温馨的；舒适的comfortable live a cosy/cozy life
27.selfish / self / adj.自私的 selfless无私的
28.good /bad-tempered adj.脾气好的/坏的 hot-tempered脾气火爆的 /mild-tempered脾气温和的
29.genuine / d enju n/ adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的 genuinely adv. genuinely sorry 真遗憾
30.perseverance / p s v r ns / n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神 persistence n.坚持不懈
persevere / p s v (r) / vi.坚持；孜孜以求 persevere in / persist in / insist on / stick to (doing) sth
resolve / r z lv/ n．决心；坚定的信念 vi.& vt.决定decide；决心; 解决settle/solve
resolve/decide to do sth.决定做某事 resolve /decide on决定/决心……
resolution n.决定；解决；坚定
32.crew /kru:/ n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
33.cruel / kru l/ adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的 cruelty n.残忍,残酷
adj.+ y →n. honest--honesty difficult - difficulty
adj.+ty→n. certain--certainty safe--safety loyal--loyalty cruel - cruelty
thorough / θ r / adj.深入的;彻底的;细致的thoroughly; conduct a thorough investigation开展深入调查
35.furniture / f n t (r) / n.家具 不可数名词: information/equipment/fun/advice/news/progress
36.unfortunately / n f t n tli/ adv.不幸地；遗憾地 unfortunate adj.不幸的
fortunate adj.幸运的 be fortunate to do sth.有幸做某事 fortunately / f t n tli/ adv.幸运地
fortune n. 机遇；运气 ;巨款；命运，际遇 a small fortune 一大笔钱；很多钱
make a fortune发财 seek/try one's fortune 找出路；碰运气 tell one’s fortune算命
37.bark / bɑ k/ vi.&n.(狗)吠叫；吠叫声； 树皮n .
38.rugby / r ɡbi/ n.橄榄球运动
39.bat /b t/ n.球拍(syn)racket；蝙蝠 vi.&vt.用球板击球；挥打；拍打
40.damp /d mp/adj.潮湿的；湿气重的wet/moist n. 潮湿,湿气wet/moisture
41.recreation / rekri e n / n.娱乐；消遣；游戏 recreate v.娱乐，消遣；再创造
42.guidance / ɡa dns / n.指导；引导；导航 under one's guidance/direction＝under the guidance/direction of sb.
guide v. 引路；指导；影响 n.指南；手册；向导
guide sb. to sp.领某人去某地 guide sb. to do sth.指导某人做某事
43.nephew / nefju / n.侄子；外甥 niece 外甥女，侄女
44.advertising / dv ta z /n.广告活动；广告业; 广告语(u.) advertisement （c）广告，启事
advertise / dv ta z / vt.&vi.公布；宣传；做广告
corporate / k p r t /adj.公司的；法人的；社团的 n. corporation
promote its corporate image提升公司形象 BBC--British Broadcast Corporation
46.rough / r f / adj.汹涌的，风浪很大的； 粗糙的，高低不平的； a rough track
粗略的，大致的，不确切的; make a rough estimate(n.) 艰难的 （syn）tough a rough/tough time
roughly adv. 粗略地，大约
47.navigator / n v ɡe t /n.领航员；(飞机、船舶等上的)航行者 navigate导航，确定方向
48.loyal / l l / adj.忠诚的；忠实的 loyalty n. royal adj.皇家的
49.motor / m t (r)/ n.发动机；马达 adj.有引擎的；机动车的
50.candidate / k nd d t / n.候选人；应试者; 申请者applicant
51..make fire 生火 be on fire着火了 catch fire着火
set sth.on fire＝set fire to sth.放火烧某物 play with fire玩火；冒险
52. give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体) give away　　捐献；赠送；颁发；泄露(秘密) give up 放弃
give back 归还 give in 屈服，让步；交上 give out 分发；发出(光、热、信号等)；公布；精疲力竭
53.episode / ep s d/n.(人生的)一段经历；(小说的)片段；插曲；（电视剧的）一集
mitment /k m tm nt / n.承诺；保证；奉献 make a commitment to do/doing sth. 承诺做某事
commit v.犯(错误、罪行等)；保证；投入 commit a crime/mistake 犯罪/犯错误
commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth.承诺(做)某事
committed adj. 尽心尽力的；坚定的 be committed to (doing) sth.承诺/全身心地投入(做)某事
55.motive / m t v/ n.动机；原因；目的 motivation n.动机
56.Confucianism / k n fju n zm / n.孔子学说;儒家(学说) Confucius 孔子 Confucius Institute 孔子学院