（4）选词填空—2024年中考英语词汇运用优化练（含答案）

（4）选词型语篇—2024届中考英语词汇运用优化练
技巧分析
一、研究词汇，初步理解。
首先研究备选的词汇，对词性做简单的标记，同时对词义做初步的理解。
二、浏览全文，了解大意。
准确理解短文是解答此类题的关键。在做此题时，要跳过空格，将全文快速浏览一遍，对文章内容有一个大概的了解。千万不要读一句填一句，因为针对某一个空格，可能所给单词中会有几个在语法上都成立，但从全文看却并非正确的答案。
三、前后对照，初填单词。
了解文章大意后便要开始填入所缺部分，在选择单词时，一定要考虑到上下文之间的逻辑关系，前后对照，从上下文中找出关键性提示。同时兼顾句子的结构、习惯用法、固定搭配和不同词类的功能。先填出比较容易的空格,遇到较难的题，可以跳过去，先做后面的题，后面语篇中多有暗示和线索提示。
四、逐句细读，逐题分析。
初填单词后，还有一些题目没有思路，此时就要逐句细读，逐题分析,对上一步骤未确定的个别空格多方推敲，合理推断，多角度考虑，然后进行填写。
五、复读全文，再次斟酌。
初定选项后，很重要的一步就是要将整篇文章再复读一遍，对答案进行核实调整再次迅速复读，对短文的理解会更为深刻，更容易判断有疑点或误解的地方，因此这个步骤尤为重要。
优化练习
一、
visit everything real bore like different over activity try something
Friday, April 1st It is hot and wet in Chongqing these days. I ①______ the weather here but I love the food and scenery(风景). This morning, it was rainy. We didn't have any special ②______.My parents and I just stayed at the hotel and I felt really ③______. Luckily, it stopped raining at noon. We went to eat ④______ special—Chongqing hot pot(火锅) for lunch. There is a big ⑤______ between Chongqing hot pot and Beijing hot pot. The food here is really spicy(辛辣的). After lunch, we decided ⑥______ Foreigner Street in Chongqing because a visitor told us that it was a good place to visit. Foreigner Street is ⑦______ wonderful! There are lots of old buildings and nice food from all ⑧______ the world. We ⑨______ Italian coffee, Indian cakes and British tea there. ⑩______ was nice and we really had a good time in this street.
二、
attend stand treat touch hate raise apologize not control be not take consider
Sue argued with her mother last Monday morning. She left home instead of ①________ school. She left so hurriedly that she ②________ any money. While she ③________ how to make money, she saw a noodle shop and suddenly felt hungry. The shop owner saw her ④________ outside and asked her if she would like a bowl of noodles. She nodded and said that she didn’t have money.
"Don’t worry. I ⑤________ you," the shop owner said. A few minutes later, he brought her a bowl of noodles. Sue cried. "What's wrong " the shop owner asked. "I⑥________ by your kindness. Even a stranger can give me a bowl of noodles, but my mother often argues with me. I ⑦________ her!" "Girl, why do you think so I only give you a bowl of noodles and you are touched. Your mother ⑧________ you since you were born. Why aren't you grateful(感激的) and do you argue with your mom instead "
On the way home, Sue thought it over and decided ⑨________ for her mistakes. She stopped in front of the door. When her mother saw Sue come back home, she was overjoyed. "Are you hungry I cooked e to eat and it is still hot." Sue ⑩________ herself any more. She cried and hugged her mother.
In your life. it is important for us to appreciate(感激) the small actions of strangers. But for the relatives, especially our parents, what should we do
三、
ready be daily for nothing such as only return thousand many
The more you read, the more things you know. The more you learn, the more places you’ll go. Reading is important ①________ everyone. China has ②________ of public libraries in cities, towns and even borrow books, and it costs ③________ to borrow them. In some places you may borrow as ④________ books as you want, but in others you are limited to a certain number of books for several weeks so that you can have enough time to finish all the books you’ve borrowed.
The latest novels are always in great need, and non-fiction books, ⑤________ books on history, science and gardening, are well-loved, too.
If the books you need are out, you may ask for them to be kept for you when they ⑥________. And when the books are back and are ⑦________ for you, the librarian will let you know.
Most public libraries also have a reading-room. There are tables and desks at which you can sit and read the ⑧________ newspapers and all the other important periodicals (the weeklies, the monthlies and the quarterlies). In the reference library, there ⑨________ dictionaries, encyclopedias, books of maps and other useful books. But you can ⑩________ use these books there. You cannot take them out.
四、
Cost door why be have and meet for surprise they
One day, a gentleman was walking by the corner of the street while crossing the city. Here he ①_____ a little boy holding a bird cage and selling the birds inside. He stopped and looked at the birds very sadly because they lost their freedom(自由)in front of him. The birds ②_____ shouting in the cage, trying to fly away.
After standing ③_____ a moment, he said to the boy, "How much do your birds④_____ "
"One fifty cents, sir." the boy answered quickly.
"Oh, you are wrong. I am not asking how much it is." The gentleman said, "I want to buy all of ⑤_____. What I ask is how much you want for them. "
After that, the boy happily counted the number of the birds in the cage.
"I ⑥_____ counted them, and they are worth five dollars."
"Here is the money!" The gentleman passed the money. The boy counted happily. How-ever, the moment he gave the change, the boy was ⑦_____ to find that all the birds flew away. The man who just bought the birds opened the ⑧_____ of the cage.
"Oh, my god, why did you do that, sir You don't even get a bird." He shouted.
"Oh, boy, let me tell you ⑨_____ I did this." The gentleman said gently, touching the boy’s head, "I have no right(权利)to get them. Every life should be free ⑩_____ they are our friends. So we should give them freedom. "
五、
she make club much value different he tell work kind parent understand
Last year we had a new classmate. ①______ name is Danny. He was tall and handsome with dark brown eyes. Many classmates liked him.
One day, we ②______ that we would have a school trip at the end of the month. The whole class got very excited and the girls began to discuss what to wear and what to bring with them. But Danny simply told everyone he wouldn’t go.
“Don’t you like it, Danny ” our teacher Mr. Sims asked with ③______.
Danny stood up and said, “It’s too much money for me. My dad is ill in bed. My mom ④______ in a supermarket every day. I’m not asking them for money.”
“I’m very proud of you that you can understand your ⑤______. Not every student of your age can think about this,” Mr. Sims replied.
Then Mr. Sims said to the class, “This year, we are going to do things ⑥______. Would you like to raise money for the trip by yourselves I hope each of you can come up with at least one idea. And we ⑦______ a plan tomorrow.”
“Well, my family can afford the trip. Do I still have to do that ” Shelly asked.
“Shelly, this will be a different and ⑧______ learning experience for everyone, whether you have the money or not.”
That day, we knew Danny ⑨______ than before because he was not only honest but also brave. His behavior（行为）helped us ⑩______ what his family had or didn’t have couldn’t decide who he was. He won the respect of many of us.
六、
actual advantage chance child difficult difference few hear many possible silence tell
Do you believe a rose plant says "I want some water" or a tree shouts "My arms hurt" Maybe you will say this could only happen in some ①______ stories.
In fact, plants are not always ②______. A recent study has found plants shout when they are in need of water or when their stems are cut. "Even in a quiet field, there are ③______ some s sounds that carry information. However, the pitch（音高）is too high for people ④______," said Lilach Hadany, a professor from Tel Aviv University.
The researchers used microphones to record some tomato plants and found that stressed plants send out ⑤______ sounds than unstressed plants. "When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet," Professor Hadany said. They also trained a machine in ⑥______ the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants. The result shows that when the causes of stress change, they shout ⑦______. After the team recorded many kinds of other plants, they found that many plants like corn, wheat and grape plants send out sounds when they are under stress, too.
"There is a ⑧______ that a lot of communication is happening, " Professor Hadany said. "Because other plants can probably hear the call of the stressed plants. "
Sound recordings of plants could bring humans lots of ⑨______, especially in farming. For example, people will make sure whether corn is getting enough water or where water is needed most without much ⑩______.
答案以及解析
一、
答案：①dislike; ②activities; ③bored; ④something; ⑤difference; ⑥to visit; ⑦really; ⑧over; ⑨tried; ⑩Everything;
解析：①句意为:我不喜欢这儿的天气,但是我喜欢(这儿的)食物和风景。根据语境及 but和love可知设空处表示“不喜欢”,且时态为一般现在时,故填dislike。
②句意为:我们没有什么特别的活动。根据My parents and I just stayed at the hotel可知此处表示“活动”;在否定句中,any后接可数名词时,名词应用复数形式,故填activities。
③句意为:我和我的父母只是待在宾馆,我感到很无聊。根据语境及所给词可知此处表示“我”感到无聊。bored意为“无聊的”,多用于形容人的感受,故填bored。
④句意为:我们午饭去吃了特别的东西—重庆火锅。结合语境及所给词可知此处表示“特别的东西”,且本句为肯定句,故填something,意为“某物”。
⑤句意为:重庆火锅和北京火锅之间有一个很大的不同点。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用可数名词单数形式;根据语境可知此处表示“不同;差异”,故填different的名词形式difference。
⑥句意为:午饭后,我们决定去参观重庆的洋人街……固定搭配 decide to do sth.意为“决定做某事”,结合语境,故填to visit。
⑦分析句子结构可知,此处应用副词修饰形容词 wonderful;结合语境及所给词,故填 real 的副词形式 really。
⑧句意为:有许多老建筑和来自世界各地的美食。固定搭配all over the world意为“全世界”。
⑨句意为:我们在那儿品尝了意大利咖啡、印度蛋糕和英式茶。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少谓语;try作动词时可意为“品尝”,符合语境;此处叙述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,故填tried。
⑩句意为:一切都很好,在这条街上我们玩得很高兴。everything 意为“一切”,符合语境;设空位于句首,首字母要大写,故填Everything。
二、
答案：①attending ②didn't take ③was considering ④standing ⑤will treat/can treat/treat ⑥am touched ⑦hate ⑧has raised ⑨to apologize ⑩couldn't control
解析：①句意：她没有上学，而是离开了家。attend school"上学"，of后接动名词。故填attending。
②句意：她走得那么匆忙，连钱都没拿。根据"She left so hurriedly"（她走得那么匆忙）可知走得匆忙没带钱，take"带"，其前用didn't构成一般过去时的否定句。故填didn't take。
③句意：就在她考虑如何赚钱的时候，她看到了一家面馆，突然觉得饿了。根据"While"及主句的一般过去时，可推出从句用过去进行时，结合"how to make money"可知在考虑如何赚钱，consider"考虑"，主语she后用be动词was。故填was considering。
④句意：店主看见她站在外面，就问她要不要来一碗面条。see sb. doing sth."看到某人正在做某事"，根据"she saw a noodle shop and suddenly felt hungry"（她看到一家面馆，突然觉得饿了）可推出是站在面条店外，stand"站"。故填standing。
⑤句意：我请你。根据"She nodded and said that she didn't have money."（她点点头，说她没有钱。）可知苏没有钱，老板要请她吃，treat"请（客）"，此处可用一般将来时。故填will treat。
⑥句意：我被你的善良感动了。根据"Sue cried."可知被感动哭了，touch"感动，触动"，与主语"I"之间是动宾关系，此处直接引语表述当前被感动了，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语I后用be动词am。故填am touched。
⑦句意：我恨她！根据"but my mother often argues with me"（但是我妈妈经常和我吵架）可知妈妈经常和自己吵架，恨妈妈，hate"讨厌，恨"，此处直接引语陈述一般事实，用一般现在时，主语"I"后接动词原形。故填hate。
⑧句意：从你出生起，你母亲就把你抚养成人。根据"since you were born"（从你出生起）可知此处指自出生就养育你，raise"养育，抚养"，结合"since"可知用现在完成时，主语"Your mother"后用助动词has。故填has raised。
⑨句意：苏想了想，决定为她的错误道歉。根据"for her mistakes"（因为她的错误）可知犯错了要道歉，apologize"道歉"，decide to do sth."决定做某事"。故填to apologize。
⑩句意：苏再也控制不住自己了。根据"She cried and hugged her mother."（她哭着抱住母亲。）可知再也控制不住自己，哭着抱住了妈妈，control"控制"，陈述过去事实，用一般过去时，couldn't control"无法控制"。故填couldn't control。
三、
答案：①for ②thousands ③nothing ④many ⑤such as ⑥are returned ⑦ready ⑧daily ⑨are ⑩only
解析：①翻译:阅读对每个人都很重要。
②翻译:中国有成千上万的城镇公共图书馆,甚至可以借书。
③翻译:借它们不花什么钱。
④翻译:在某些地方,你想借多少书就借多少书。
⑤翻译:比如历史、科学和园艺方面的书籍也很受欢迎。
⑥翻译:如果你需要书借走了,你可以在归还时要求代为保管。
⑦翻译:当书还给你并准备好了,图书管理员会告诉你的。
⑧翻译:有桌子和书桌,你可以坐在那里读日报和所有其他重要的期刊。
⑨翻译:参考图书馆里有字典、百科全书、地图册和其他有用的书。
⑩翻译:但是你只能在这里使用这些书,你不能把他们带出去。
四、
答案：①met ②were ③for ④cost ⑤them ⑥have ⑦surprised ⑧door ⑨why ⑩and
解析：①题干的意思是他看到一个小男孩提着一个鸟笼卖里面的小鸟。本句是while引导的时间状语从句,从句是过去进行时,主句应为一般过去时, 故填meet的过去式met。
②题干的意思是鸟儿在笼子里喊叫着,想要飞走。本句是while引导的时间状语从句,从句是过去进行时,主句应为一般过去时,故填be的过去式were。
③题干的意思是他站了一会儿。for a moment意为“一会儿”,故填for。
④题干的意思是你的鸟花费多少钱 根据下文“One fifty cents, sir.”(一美元五十美分,先生。)可知,此处是在询问价格,故填cost。
⑤题干的意思是我想买下所有的鸟。此处应填代词的宾格形式,故填them。
⑥题干的意思是我已经数过了。根据句意可知,此处应填现在完成时,故填have。⑦题干的意思是然而,当他给了零钱的那一刻,男孩惊讶地发现所有的鸟都飞走了。Be surprised to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到惊讶”, 故填surprised。
⑧题干的意思是那个刚买了鸟的人打开了笼子的门。根据句意可知,此处应填door。
⑨题干的意思是让我告诉你为什么我这样做。根据句意可知,此处应填why。
⑩题干的意思是每一个生命都应该是自由的,而且它们是我们的朋友。根据句意可知,此处应填and。
五、
答案：①His ②were told ③kindness ④works ⑤parents ⑥differently ⑦are going to make/will make ⑧valuable ⑨more ⑩understand/to understand
解析：①本题考查代词。此处是说，新同学的名字是丹尼。根据设空后的"He"可知应选取代词he，又因设空处修饰名词name，故填形容词性物主代词His。注意：设空处位于句首：首字母应大写。
②本题考查动词的时态和被动语态。此处是说，一天，我们被告知我们在月底会有一次学校旅行。表示“被告知”，应用被动语态；此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时；该句的主语是we，故填 were told。
③本题考查名词。此处是说，我们的老师西姆斯先生和蔼地问道。设空处作介词with的宾语，可填名词，故填kindness。
④本题考查动词的时态。此处表示"我妈妈每天在超市工作"。分析句子成分可知，该句缺少谓语动词，再根据上文中的"is ill"及时间状语"every day"可知，此处表示经常性的动作，应用一般现在时。主语"My mom"是第三人称单数形式，故填works。
⑤本题考查名词。根据上文可知，此处西姆斯老师说的是"你能体谅你的父母，我非常为你感到骄傲"。设空处作动词 understand的宾语，且其前有形容词性物主代词 your 修饰，应填名词。根据设空前的"My dad"和"My mom"可知，此处应填parents。
⑥本题考查副词。根据下文中的"this will be a different... learning experience for everyone"可知，此处表示"我们今年要做不一样的事情"。设空处修饰动词do，应用副词，故填differently。
⑦本题考查动词的时态。此处是说，明天我们会制订一个计划。分析句子成分可知，该句缺少谓语动词。根据时间状语"tomorrow"可知，此处应用一般将来时。故填 are going to make 或 will make。
⑧本题考查形容词。此处是说，这对每个人来说都是一次不同的、珍贵的学习经历。分析句子成分可知，设空处与设空前的"different"为并列成分，两者之间由 and 连接，此处应填形容词，故填 valuable。
⑨本题考查副词的比较级。此处是说，那天，我们比以前更了解丹尼，因为他不仅诚实而且勇敢。根据设空后的"than"可知此处应用比较级，故填 more。
⑩本题考查非谓语动词。此处是说，他的行为帮助我们明白他的家庭条件并不能决定他是谁。help sb.(to) do sth.表示"帮助某人做某事"，是固定用法，此处的动词不定式符号to可省略，故填to understand或understand。
六、
答案：①children's ②silent ③actually ④to hear ⑤more ⑥telling ⑦differently ⑧possibility ⑨advantages ⑩difficulty
解析：①句子的中文意思：也许你会说这只会发生在一些儿童故事中。根据"this could only happen in some...stories"及备选词可知，只会发生在一些儿童故事中，要用child的复数形式children，且修饰名词stories，用其名词所有格形式，所以答案为children's。
②句子的中文意思：事实上，植物并不总是沉默的。根据"there are...some sounds that carry information"可知，植物会发出一些声音来传递信息，所以它们并不是沉默的，silent“沉默的”，所以答案为silent。
③句子的中文意思：即使在安静的田野里，实际上也有一些携带信息的声音。此空缺少副词作状语，备选词actual的副词actually"实际上"符合，所以答案为actually。
④句子的中文意思：然而，音调太高，人们听不到。根据"the pitch(音高) is too high for people"及备选词可知，人们听不到这些声音，hear"听"，too...to"太……而不能"，所以答案为to hear。
⑤句子的中文意思：研究人员用麦克风记录了一些番茄植株，发现受到压力的植株比没有受到压力的植株发出更多的声音。根据than可知，此处用比较级，根据"When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet"可知，当番茄完全没有承受压力时，它们会非常安静，也就是说受到压力的植株比没有受到压力的植株发出更多的声音，many的比较级more"更多的"符合，所以答案为more。
⑥句子的中文意思：他们还训练了一台机器来区分干渴的植物和被切割的植物。根据"the differences between thirsty plants and cut plants"及备选词可知，讲述干渴的植物和切割的植物之间的区别，tell"讲述"，in是介词，后接动名词，所以答案为telling。
⑦句子的中文意思：研究结果表明，当压力的原因发生变化时，它们产生的效果会有所不同。根据"when the causes of stress change, they shout"以及备选词可知，压力原因发生变化，产生的效果也不同，副词differently修饰动词shout,所以答案为differently。
⑧句子的中文意思：有一种可能性是大量的交流正在发生。根据a可知，此空应填名词，备选词possible的名词possibility符合，表示一种可能性，所以答案为possibility。
⑨句子的中文意思：植物的记录可以给人类带来很多好处，尤其是在农业方面。根据“people will make sure whether corn is getting enough water...”可知，会给人们带来一些好处，advantage"优势"，lots of修饰名词的复数形式，所以答案为advantages。
⑩句子的中文意思：例如，人们可以毫不费力地确定玉米是否有足够的水或者哪里最需要水。根据前文描述可知，这种记录可以给人们带来好处，所以此处指毫不费力地确定玉米是否有足够的水或者哪里最需要水，without difficulty“毫不费力地”，所以答案为difficulty。