名词考点聚焦和精讲
【中考名词考点聚焦】
1.可数名词的单复数； 2.不可数名词； 3.专有名词； 4.名词所有格； 5.名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题 6.名词的句法作用；
一、可数名词的单复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个用单数，两个或两个以上用复数。a 用于以辅音音素开头 的单数名词前，an 用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。可数名词复数形式的构成有规则和不规则变化两种：
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：
①在单数名词词尾加 s。如：map → maps, boy→ boys, horse→ horses, table→ table。. ② 结尾的词加 es。如：class→classes, box→boxes, dish→dishes, bench→benche。. [注] 少数以 o 结尾的词,变复数时加 es。如：potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes ，hero→heroes, ③以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词,变y 为 i,再加 es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties。 ④以f 或fe 结尾的名词, 。如：shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives。
2 ．名词复数的不规则变化
A,元音或词尾发生变化。如：man→ , woman→ , tooth→ , foot→ , child→ , mouse→ 等。 B.单复数形式相同。如：Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish 等。 C.形式为单数意思为复数。如： people(人们), police(警察)等。如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如： ①一个人 a people (×)；a person(√) ②一名警察 a police(×)；a policeman/policewoman(√)。 D.形式为复数意思为单数。如：physics, mathematics/maths, the United States, Niagara Falls, news, falls 等。 E.只有复数形式的名词，如：trousers, clothes, chopsticks, glasses, scissors, compasses 等。 F.集体名词的数。视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。如：family, class, team, group 等。 G. 由 man 和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如：an Englishman, two Englishmen 但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 。由 man, woman作定语时， 它的单复数由它所修饰的 名词的单复数决定，如：a man worker→ 等。
【注意】其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。 如：an apple tree→two apple trees; a shoe shop→two shoe shops 等。 H,表示某国人的名词单数变复数遵循以下原则： ①中日不变，如：Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese； ②英法变，如：Englishman→ , Frenchman→ ; ③其余把 s 加后面，如：American→ , German→ 。
二、不可数名词
3.不可数名词“量”的表达
如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法： A.表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用 much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any, a bit of, plenty of 等表示， 常用 it 来替代。如：The rich man has a lot of money. // There is some milk in the bottle. Is there any water in the glass // I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice. B.不可数名词的数量可借助一个量词来表达，其结构为“数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”，不可数名词的复 数，是通过把量词变成复数来表达。如： a piece of paper/ wood/bread/news/meat; a bottle/glass of orange/water/milk/juice; a cup of tea/coffee; a bag of rice 等。 two pieces of paper/ wood/bread/news/meat; two bottles/glasses of orange/water/milk/juice; two cups of tea/coffee; three bags of rice 等。
三、专有名词
4.是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。专有名词大
致有以下五类。
1. 人名：有时与表示称呼、称号或职务的普通名词连用。如： Mr and Mrs Johnson 约翰逊夫妇；Dr. Brown 布朗博士；Lady Green 格林女士。 2. 地名：有些地名常与普通名词连用；有些加定冠词，有些不加定冠词。如：Wall Street 华尔街； Room 201 201 房间；Tian’anmen Square 天安门广场；the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋；the Alps 阿尔卑斯山。 3. 时间名：Sunday 星期日；May 五月；Christmas Day 圣诞节；New Year’s Day 元旦。 4. 报刊名：许多报刊名带定冠词。如：The Saturday Evening Post《星期六晚邮报》； The Times《泰晤士 报》。 5. 单位团体名：单位团体名多含普通名词，有些加定冠词，有些不加定冠词。如： the United Nations 联合国；Class One, Grade Seven 七年级一班
四、名词的所有格
5、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如： (儿童节), (我姐姐的书)。 (2)以 s 或 es 结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’。如： (教师节)。 (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s 。 如： (今天的 报纸), (十分钟的课间休息), (中国的人口)。 (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词 of 短语来表示所有关系。如： (党 的好女儿)。 2 、[注] ① ’s 还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如： (我阿姨家), (诊所)。 ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如： bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)。 ③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my (我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of (我的一位朋友)。
五、名词的句法作用
6.
1. 作主语：名词作主语时，谓语动词要在人称和数方面和它的主语一致。如：A girl is over there. 2. 作宾语：I have a computer. 3. 作表语：My father is a teacher. 4. 作定语：The school library was built last year. (1) 一般情况：名词作定语时要用单数形式。如：an apple tree→two apple trees。 (2) 特殊情况：man, woman 作定语时，它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定。如： a man worker→two men workers, a woman doctor→four women doctors 等。 (3) sports 作定语修饰名词时，总是用复数形式。如：a sports meeting 一次运动会。 (4) 与数词合成形容词作定语。如：ten-minute walk, an 8-year-old girl, a seven-day holiday。 5. 作宾补：Tom made his brother a kite . 6. 作同位语：We students must study hard.
六、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题
1 、谓语和主语基本保持单复数的一致, 即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单
数形式：
1.The computer a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明。) 2.The water in the glass very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷。)
2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school 等)做句子主语时,
如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如： 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,
Class Three a very good class.(三班是好班。)
Class Three a map of China.(三班有张中国地图。)
3 、Chinese, Japanese,fish, sheep, people 等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。
1.There a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊。)
2.There are some in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊。)
4 、maths, news 等虽然有 s 结尾,但不是复数, 因此谓语仍用单数， The news very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋。)
5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves 等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。 The trousers very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买。)
6 、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。
1.A lot of students playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球。) 2.A lot of time wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上。)
7 、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则
用单数。
1.The teacher and his son picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果。)
2.Fish and chips very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品。)
8 、 there be 句型中 be 的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。
There a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子。)
9、用 both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：
Both you and I required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来。)
10、主语中含有 with 的短语时,谓语单复数由 with 之前的人物决定。
A woman with a 7-year-old child standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩
子(当时)就站在路边。)
11 、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：
1.Either you or he right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) 2.Neither you nor I going there.(你和我都不打算去那里。)
12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。
1.Two months not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间。)
2.Two thousand kilometers quite a long distance.(两千千米是相当长的一段距离。)
13、主语中含有 half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确
定,
1.Over three quarters of the information on the Internet in English.(网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语 写的。) 2.A third of the students playing near the lake.( 三分之一的学生(当时)正在湖边玩耍。)
3.All of the water in these rivers been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了。) 但是, population 一词又有特殊情况：
What the population of China (中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数)
Three quarters of the population in this city Arabs.(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人。)(句子用复 数)
七、名词词义辧析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确 地掌握其意义，然后作出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一。
常用易混名词辨析
1 、sport、game 、match 、race 的区别：
sport 通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大； game 意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动； match 意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛； race 主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：
1.People all around the world enjoy .(全世界的人都喜爱运动。)
2.The 2008 Olympic was held in Beijing.(2008 奥运会在北京举行。)
3.Our school football team won the league .(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军。) 4.They were strong and won the boat .(他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛。)
2、festival、holiday 、vacation 的区别：
festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动； holiday“假日、休息日”,指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期； vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。
1.The Shanghai Television will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行。) 2.Sunday is a and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作。)
3.What are you going to do during the summer (在暑期你打算做什么事情？)
3、journey 、tour、trip 、travel 的区别：
journey 指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思； tour 指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等； trip 通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等； travel 多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。
1.He made up his mind to make the to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行。), 2.He has gone on a walking .(他步行观光去了。)
3.He took several to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次。)
4.Did you go to Santiago during your (旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？)
5. through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的。)
4 、sound、noise 、voice 的区别：
sound 指各种声音； noise 主要指“噪音”； voice 指人的“嗓音”。如：
1.The of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠。)
2.All of a sudden there was the of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫。)
3.The singer has lost her ringing as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般 的嗓音。)
题组 1 名词语法填空
1.If you're looking for some birthday gifts, here is my (suggest).
2.One of my (cousin) went over to her house and taught her how to use it. 3.The wallpaper with cartoon patterns is ideal for my (son) room.
4.In 1920, the (world) first three-color traffic light was put to use. 5.I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor (pronounce).
6. A Christmas Carol was written to make every reader think about how they could make a (different) to their society.
7.Bye added that summer camps are important to both kids and (parent). 8.At her first concert, she played in a band with many (adult).
9.He was one of the most cheerful (man) in the world. 10.I'll bring you back some (present).
11.The children also learn many (skill) like how to live in the wild. 12.(2018 绍兴,46)How sweet these (grape)taste!
13.I gave my speech in front of the whole grade, promising my (classmate)that if they chose me, I'd start a football team.
14.The nurses in the hospital take good care of their (patient).
题组 2 名词拼写
1.M is the fifth month of the year in the Western calendar. 2.As the saying goes, “An a a day keeps the doctor away.” 3.The sun rises in the e and sets in the west.
4.Yuan Longping, the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, won many (奖) for his rice research. 5.According to the latest census(人口普查), China has a p of 1,411.78 million.
6.Traditional Chinese (药)has been playing an important role in treating COVID-19. 7.It's hoped that all (成员)of the public will help to locate them—including you.
8.“Ancient trees are as much a part of our heritage(遗产)as works of (艺术),” explains Jeremy Evans of the Woodland Trust.
9.They got him to the back of the line and three big (女士) said they would watch him and stop him going forward.
10.So far, China has built nearly 600,000 cultural centers in (村庄).
11.Raquel's from two countries and has experience and (知识)of two cultures.
12.A few weeks before we left home, there was much (雨)in the area we were going to. 13.Reading and listening to light music are good (选择).
14.I plan to go abroad to celebrate my twentieth birthday in (八月).
15.His team had lost the game because of him. He felt like there was a heavy w on his shoulders as he walked home alone.
16.My friend came over last night to watch the v of the football match that I'd recorded. 17.Liu Chuanjian is considered a (英雄) because he safely landed the damaged plane.
18.For example, if the runner runs one (千米),the providers each give the runner $1 for the charity.
题组 3 选择题
1 ．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—How did you fix up the machine, dad
—It’s easy. I just followed the .
A ．instructions B ．inventions C ．interviews D ．influences
2 ．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）Before flying a plane, a must take a lot of training.
A ．policeman B ．musician C ．nurse D ．pilot
3 ．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）—What goes up, but never comes down
—Your , of course.
A ．age B ．wealth C ．weight D ．temperature
4 ．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Of all the , I love summer best.
A ．seasons B ．subjects C ．colours D ．hobbies
5 ．（2023· 辽 宁丹东 · 统考 中考真题 ）Mary’s parents are interested in , so they often take her to
concerts.
A ．sports B ．music C ．science D ．movies
6 ．（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）Nancy, please take your with you to school. It’s raining heavily.
A ．cup B ．watch C ．umbrella D ．dictionary
7 ．（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）—Miss Li, happy Teachers’ Day! Here is a flower for you.
—Wow! Thanks for your .
A ．present B ．help C ．question
8 ．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our in yesterday’s
English speech competition.
—Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.
A ．condition B ．attention C ．invention D ．position
9 ．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）I wish you to have good and get good grades.
A ．chalk B ．space C ．luck D ．music
10 ．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）John Smith often looks through the news about to know what’s on
in the cinema.
A ．films B ．music C ．books D ．weather
11 ．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）Betty is crazy about music. Her dream is to be a .
A ．scientist B ．painter C ．musician D ．writer
12 ．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）—Good news! The Chinese women table tennis team won a gold and a silver again.
—Great! No matter who wins the medals, it is the of our country.
A ．price B ．pioneer C ．pride D ．pain
13 ．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Which movie would you like to watch, Tracy
— Um…it’s hard to make a .
A ．survey B ．choice C ．call D ．wish
14 ．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）Thanks to the teacher’s help, I solved all the easily.
A ．chances B ．problems C ．habits D ．grades
15 ．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）Although our school life is a little busy, it is full of .
A ．pain B ．sadness C ．laughter
16 ．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Scientists who are full of always come up with new ideas and bring
great changes to our life.
A ．instruction B ．instrument C ．invention D ．introduction
17 ．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）Li Wei likes science and his dream is to be a like Tu Youyou.
A ．scientist B ．singer C ．driver
18 ．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Tom always reads for an hour every day.
—That’s a good .
A ．habit B ．dream C ．time D ．wish
19 ．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）Chinese scientists have made great in space technology
recently.
A ．information B ．progress C ．knowledge
20.（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Have you heard about the car near the school
—Yes. Luckily, no one was seriously hurt.
A ．accident B ．park C ．club
21 ．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）My mother is a in Zhongshan Hospital. She has saved many people’s
lives.
A ．singer B ．doctor C ．writer
22 ．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）— How is the today
— It’s hot. You don’t need to wear the coat.
A ．weather B ．traffic C ．price
23 ．（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—What can you learn from Journey to the West
—I learn that we should have enough to overcome the difficulties in our life.
A ．danger B ．success C ．courage D ．excitement
24 ．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）My parents took me to the amusement park on Day. There were
so many exciting things to do there.
A ．Children’s B ．Children C ．Child’s
25 ．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）—Can you give me some on learning English well
―Sure. Watching English programs is a good way.
A ．news B ．advice C ．decisions D ．messages
26 ．（2023·青海·统考中考真题）A taxi driver prevented (阻止) an when he saw a car with serious
problems travelling across Huangnan.
A ．accident B ．interview C ．advertisement
27 ．（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）—What club do you want to join
—I want to join a club. I can sing and dance.
A ．sports B ．music C ．chess
题组 4 语法选择
It was the district's sports meet. My 1 still hadn't recovered ( 痊 愈) from an earlier injury. I had questioned whether or not I should attend the meet. But there I was, ready for the 2 run.
“Ready...set...” The gun sounded and we were off. The other 3 rushed ahead of me. I felt ashamed as I fell farther and farther behind.
“Hooray!” the crowd shouted. It was the loudest cheer I had ever heard at a meet.
The first-place 4 was two laps (圈) ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.
“Maybe I should give up,” I thought as I ran. However, I kept going. During the last two laps, I ran in 5 and decided not to race next year, even if my foot had healed by then.
When I finished, I heard louder 6 . I turned around and saw that the boys were preparing for their own run. “They must be cheering for the 7 ,” I thought.
I was leaving the meet when several girls came up to me. “Wow, you've shown a lot of 8 !” One of them told me. “We were cheering for you. Did you hear us ”
I had hope again and decided to stick to the run the next year. I realized that 9 and courage aren't always measured ( 衡量) in medals or victories, but in the 10 we overcome. The strongest people are not always those who win, but those who don't give up, even when they are losing.
1.A.foot B.feet C.hands D.hand
2.A.3,000 meter B.3,000 meter's C.3,000-meters D.3,000-meter
3.A.girl B.girls C.boy D.boys
4.A.runner B.runners C.runner's D.runners'
5.A.pain B.pains C.joy D.joys
6.A.cheer B.cheers C.noises D.noise
7.A.boy B.boys C.girl D.girls
8.A.courage B.courages C.success D.successes
9.A.failure B.failures C.strength D.strengths
10.A.trouble B.troubles C.difficulty D.difficulties
题组 5 短文填空
A video star gets a job promoting tourism
Tamdrin is a Sichuan man at the 1 of 20.He became famous unexpectedly after a photographer posted a 2 of him on Douyin in 2020. In the video, he wore a traditional costume and smiled in front of the 3 . Many netizens were attracted by his good 4 and innocent (天真无邪的) smile. They said that Tamdrin had “stars” in his eyes and that his 5 was “angelic and comforting” .
On November 19th, Tamdrin posted his first video on his own Douyin account. He introduced his white 6 in broken Mandarin. He said that his favorite hobby was horse riding. The video was viewed by more than 14 million people and attracted more than 1.8 million followers in one day.
Tamdrin has been given a 7 promoting tourism in Sichuan Province's Litang County by a company. He will get a monthly 8 of 3,500 yuan as well as insurance and subsidies.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.名词考点聚焦和精讲
【中考名词考点聚焦】
1.可数名词的单复数； 2.不可数名词； 3.专有名词； 4.名词所有格； 5.名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题 6.名词的句法作用；
一、可数名词的单复数
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，表示一个用单数，两个或两个以上用复数。a 用于以辅音音素开头 的单数名词前，an 用于以元音音素开头的单数名词前。可数名词复数形式的构成有规则和不规则变化两种：
1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下：
①在单数名词词尾加 s。如：map → maps, boy→ boys, horse→ horses, table→ table。. ②s,o,x ,sh,ch 结尾的词加 es。如：class→classes, box→boxes, dish→dishes, bench→benche。. [注] 少数以 o 结尾的词,变复数时加 es。如：potato→potatoes,tomato→tomatoes ，hero→heroes, ③以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词,变y 为 i,再加 es。如：family→families, city→cities, party→parties。 ④以f 或fe 结尾的名词,变f 或fe 为 v,再加 es。如： shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives。
2 ．名词复数的不规则变化
A,元音或词尾发生变化。如：man→men, woman→women, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, child→children, mouse→mice 等。 B.单复数形式相同。如：Chinese, Japanese, sheep, deer, fish 等。 C.形式为单数意思为复数。如： people(人们), police(警察)等。如果要表达单数形式则要使用其他名词。如： ①一个人 a people (×)；a person(√) ②一名警察 a police(×)；a policeman/policewoman(√)。 D.形式为复数意思为单数。如：physics, mathematics/maths, the United States, Niagara Falls, news, falls 等。 E.只有复数形式的名词，如：trousers, clothes, chopsticks, glasses, scissors, compasses 等。 F.集体名词的数。视为整体时，谓语用单数；视为个体时，谓语用复数。如：family, class, team, group 等。 G. 由 man 和 woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如：an Englishman, two Englishmen 但 German 不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans。由 man, woman 作定语时，它的单复数由它所修饰的名 词的单复数决定，如：a man worker→two men workers 等。
【注意】其他合成名词，只要把合成名词中的中心词变为复数形式。 如：an apple tree→two apple trees; a shoe shop→two shoe shops 等。 H,表示某国人的名词单数变复数遵循以下原则： ①中日不变，如：Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese； ②英法变，如：Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchman→Frenchmen； ③其余把 s 加后面，如：American→Americans, German→Germans。
二、不可数名词
3.不可数名词“量”的表达
如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下两种方法： A.表示不定数量时，不可数名词常用 much, a little, little, a lot of, lots of, some, any, a bit of, plenty of 等表示， 常用 it 来替代。如：The rich man has a lot of money. // There is some milk in the bottle. Is there any water in the glass // I don’t like winter because there’s too much snow and ice. B.不可数名词的数量可借助一个量词来表达，其结构为“数词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”，不可数名词的复 数，是通过把量词变成复数来表达。如： a piece of paper/ wood/bread/news/meat; a bottle/glass of orange/water/milk/juice; a cup of tea/coffee; a bag of rice 等。 two pieces of paper/ wood/bread/news/meat; two bottles/glasses of orange/water/milk/juice; two cups of tea/coffee; three bags of rice 等。
三、专有名词
4.是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。专有名词大
致有以下五类。
1. 人名：有时与表示称呼、称号或职务的普通名词连用。如： Mr and Mrs Johnson 约翰逊夫妇；Dr. Brown 布朗博士；Lady Green 格林女士。 2. 地名：有些地名常与普通名词连用；有些加定冠词，有些不加定冠词。如：Wall Street 华尔街； Room 201 201 房间；Tian’anmen Square 天安门广场；the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋；the Alps 阿尔卑斯山。 3. 时间名：Sunday 星期日；May 五月；Christmas Day 圣诞节；New Year’s Day 元旦。 4. 报刊名：许多报刊名带定冠词。如：The Saturday Evening Post《星期六晚邮报》； The Times《泰晤士 报》。 5. 单位团体名：单位团体名多含普通名词，有些加定冠词，有些不加定冠词。如： the United Nations 联合国；Class One, Grade Seven 七年级一班
四、名词的所有格
5、名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下：
(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如： Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的 书)。 (2)以 s 或 es 结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加’。如：Teachers’ Day(教师节)。 (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s 。 如：today’s newspaper(今 天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息), China’s population(中国的人口)。 (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词 of 短语来表示所有关系。如： afine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿)。 2 、[注] ① ’s 还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如：my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)。 ② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如：Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)。 ③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如：a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)。
五、名词的句法作用
6.
1. 作主语：名词作主语时，谓语动词要在人称和数方面和它的主语一致。如：A girl is over there. 2. 作宾语：I have a computer. 3. 作表语：My father is a teacher. 4. 作定语：The school library was built last year. (1) 一般情况：名词作定语时要用单数形式。如：an apple tree→two apple trees。 (2) 特殊情况：man, woman 作定语时，它的单复数由它所修饰的名词的单复数决定。如： a man worker→two men workers, a woman doctor→four women doctors 等。 (3) sports 作定语修饰名词时，总是用复数形式。如：a sports meeting 一次运动会。 (4) 与数词合成形容词作定语。如：ten-minute walk, an 8-year-old girl, a seven-day holiday。 5. 作宾补：Tom made his brother a kite . 6. 作同位语：We students must study hard.
六、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题
1 、谓语和主语基本保持单复数的一致, 即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单
数形式：
1.The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明。) 2.The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷。)
2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school 等)做句子主语时,
如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如： 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,
Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班。)
Class Three have a map of China.(三班有张中国地图。)
3 、Chinese, Japanese,fish, sheep, people 等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。
1.There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊。)
2.There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊。)
4 、maths, news 等虽然有 s 结尾,但不是复数, 因此谓语仍用单数，
The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋。)
5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves 等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。
The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买。)
6 、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。
1.A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球。) 2.A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上。)
7 、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则
用单数。
1.The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果。) 2.Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品。)
8 、 there be 句型中 be 的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。
There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子。)
9、用 both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如：
Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来。)
10、主语中含有 with 的短语时,谓语单复数由 with 之前的人物决定。
A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子 (当时)就站在路边。)
11 、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如：
1.Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) 2.Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里。)
12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。
1.Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间。)
2.Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance.(两千千米是相当长的一段距离。)
13、主语中含有 half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确
定,
1.Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写 的。) 2.A third of the students were playing near the lake.( 三分之一的学生(当时)正在湖边玩耍。)
3.All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了。) 但是, population 一词又有特殊情况：
What’s the population of China (中国人口是多少？)(句子用单数)
Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs.(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人。)(句子用复数)
七、名词词义辧析
名词词义辨析主要指考生在不同的语言环境中，通过对上下文的理解或者对一些词义相同的名词准确 地掌握其意义，然后作出正确的选择。近年来，这一考点成为了考查名词的主要形式之一。
常用易混名词辨析
1 、sport、game 、match 、race 的区别：
sport 通常指“户外运动”,以锻炼为主,概念较大； game 意思是“运动、比赛”,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动； match 意为“竞赛、比赛”,多指正式比赛； race 主要表示“赛跑、赛马、赛车”。如：
1.People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动。)
2.The 2008 Olympic Games was held in Beijing.(2008 奥运会在北京举行。)
3.Our school football team won the league match.(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军。) 4.They were strong and won the boat race.(他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛。)
2、festival、holiday 、vacation 的区别：
festival“节日”,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动； holiday“假日、休息日”,指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期； vacation“假期”,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。
1.The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行。) 2.Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作。)
3.What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays (在暑期你打算做什么事情？)
3、journey 、tour、trip 、travel 的区别：
journey 指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛苦的意思； tour 指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等； trip 通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等； travel 多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。
1.He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行。), 2.He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了。)
3.He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次。)
4.Did you go to Santiago during your travels (旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗？) 5.Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的。)
4 、sound、noise 、voice 的区别：
sound 指各种声音； noise 主要指“噪音”； voice 指人的“嗓音”。如：
1.The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠。)
2.All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫。)
3.The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的 嗓音。)
题组 1 名词语法填空
1.If you're looking for some birthday gifts, here is my (suggest).
答案 suggestion 在形容词性物主代词 my 之后,应使用名词形式。根据设空处前的 is 可知填单数形式。 故答案是 suggestion。
2.One of my (cousin) went over to her house and taught her how to use it.
答案 cousins one of+可数名词复数,故填 cousins。
3.The wallpaper with cartoon patterns is ideal for my (son) room.
答案 son's 设空处与后面名词是所属关系,应用名词所有格形式。故答案为 son's。
4.In 1920, the (world) first three-color traffic light was put to use.
答案 world's 本题考查名词所有格。根据句子内容可知说的是“世界上的第一个”,故填 world's。
5.I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor (pronounce).
答案 pronunciation 形容词性物主代词 my 和形容词 poor 修饰名词, 故填 pronunciation 。my poor pronunciation 我糟糕的发音。
6. A Christmas Carol was written to make every reader think about how they could make a (different) to their society.
答案 difference make a difference 意为“有影响”,故填 difference。
7.Bye added that summer camps are important to both kids and (parent).
答案 parents 句意:Bye 补充说夏令营对孩子们和父母们都很重要。考查名词的数。由关键词 kids 可知应
用复数形式。
8.At her first concert, she played in a band with many (adult).
答案 adults 句意:在她第一次音乐会上,她和许多成年人一起在乐队中表演。考查名词的数。由关键词 many 可知设空处用复数形式。
9.He was one of the most cheerful (man) in the world.
答案 men 句意:他是世界上最快乐的人之一。考查名词的数。由 one of 可知设空处用复数形式。
10.I'll bring you back some (present).
答案 presents 句意:我会给你带回来一些礼物。本题考查名词的数。present 是可数名词, 由设空处前的 some 可知应使用复数形式。
11.The children also learn many (skill) like how to live in the wild.
答案 skills 句意:孩子们也学习了许多技能,例如如何在野外生存。本题考查名词的数。设空处前的 many 修饰可数名词复数。
12.(2018 绍兴,46)How sweet these (grape)taste!
答案 grapes 句意:这些葡萄尝起来是多么甜啊!设空处前是指示代词 these,因此设空处要使用名词的复数
形式。
13.I gave my speech in front of the whole grade, promising my (classmate)that if they chose me, I'd start a football team.
答案 classmates 句意:我在全年级面前发表了演讲, 向我的同学们保证如果他们选择我,我会建立一支足 球队。本题考查名词的数。由题干中的 they 可知设空处使用复数形式。
14.The nurses in the hospital take good care of their (patient).
答案 patients 句意:医院的护士们把他们的病人照顾得很好。本题考查名词的数。设空处为可数名词, 因 此用复数形式。
题组 2 名词拼写
1.M is the fifth month of the year in the Western calendar.
答案 May 根据常识可知,五月在西方日历中是一年中的第五个月,故答案是 May。
2.As the saying goes, “An a a day keeps the doctor away.”
答案 apple 句意:俗话说:“一天一苹果,医生远离我。”根据俗语句意和常识可知答案是 apple。
3.The sun rises in the e and sets in the west.
答案 east 句意:太阳从东方升起,从西方落下。根据题意可知答案是 east。
4.Yuan Longping, the “Father of Hybrid Rice”, won many (奖) for his rice research.
答案 prizes 由 many 可知,此空填可数名词复数。
5.According to the latest census(人口普查), China has a p of 1,411.78 million.
答案 population 根据“人口普查”可知设空处表示“人口”,故填population。
6.Traditional Chinese (药)has been playing an important role in treating COVID-19.
答案 medicine 由汉语提示和 has 可知,此空填 medicine。
7.It's hoped that all (成员)of the public will help to locate them—including you.
答案 members all 后面接名词复数,结合汉语提示,故填 members。
8.“Ancient trees are as much a part of our heritage(遗产)as works of (艺术),” explains Jeremy Evans of the Woodland Trust.
答案 art works of art 意为“艺术品”。
9.They got him to the back of the line and three big (女士) said they would watch him and stop him going forward.
答案 ladies 由 three 可知,此空用名词复数。
10.So far, China has built nearly 600,000 cultural centers in (村庄).
答案 villages village 为可数名词,前面没有表单数概念的限定词,所以用复数形式 villages。
11.Raquel's from two countries and has experience and (知识)of two cultures.
答案 knowledge 句意:Raquel 来自两个国家,有着两种文化的经历和知识。考查名词拼写。knowledge 为
不可数名词。
12.A few weeks before we left home, there was much (雨)in the area we were going to.
答案 rain 句意:在我们离开家前的几周,我们要去的地区下了很多雨。本题考查名词拼写。设空处前出现 much,因此填 rain。
13.Reading and listening to light music are good (选择).
答案 choices 句意:阅读和听轻音乐是很好的选择。本题考查名词拼写及名词的数。由关键词 are 可知设 空处用复数形式。
14.I plan to go abroad to celebrate my twentieth birthday in (八月).
答案 August 句意:我计划八月份去国外庆祝我的二十岁生日。本题考查月份的拼写。注意月份的首字母
要大写。
15.His team had lost the game because of him. He felt like there was a heavy w on his shoulders as he walked home alone.
答案 weight 句意:他的球队因为他输掉了比赛。在他一个人走回家的时候他感觉肩上像是有重担一样。 根据 a heavy 可知本空应填名词,结合句意可知填 weight。
16.My friend came over last night to watch the v of the football match that I'd recorded.
答案 video/videos 本题考查名词拼写。句意:我的朋友昨天晚上过来观看了我录制的足球比赛的录像。
17.Liu Chuanjian is considered a (英雄) because he safely landed the damaged plane.
答案 hero 句意:刘传健被认为是一个英雄, 因为他让损坏的飞机安全着陆。本题考查名词拼写和名词的数。 设空处前有冠词 a,因此设空处应用单数形式。注意:hero 的复数形式是 heroes。
18.For example, if the runner runs one (千米),the providers each give the runner $1 for the charity.
答案 kilometer 本题考查名词拼写。设空处前是数词 one,因此用单数。
题组 3 选择题
1 ．（2023·湖北十堰·统考中考真题）—How did you fix up the machine, dad
—It’s easy. I just followed the .
A ．instructions B ．inventions C ．interviews D ．influences
【答案】A
【详解】句意： ——爸爸，你是怎么修好这台机器的？——很简单。我只是按照说明去做。考查名词辨析。 instructions 说明；inventions 发明；interviews 面试；influences 影响。根据“How did you fix up the machine” 及“I just followed the…”可知，根据机器的说明书来操作的，故选 A。
2 ．（2023·山东青岛·统考中考真题）Before flying a plane, a must take a lot of training.
A ．policeman B ．musician C ．nurse D ．pilot
【答案】D
【详解】句意： 在驾驶飞机之前，飞行员必须接受大量的训练。考查名词辨析。 policeman 警察；musician 音乐家；nurse 护士；pilot 飞行员。根据“Before flying a plane”可知驾驶飞机的是飞行员。故选 D。
3 ．（2023·山东东营·统考中考真题）—What goes up, but never comes down
—Your , of course.
A ．age B ．wealth C ．weight D ．temperature
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——什么东西会上升，但不会下降？——你的年龄，当然是。考查名词辨析。age 年龄；
wealth 财富；weight 重量；temperature 温度。根据“What goes up, but never comes down ”可知这是个谜语， 只上升不下降的是年龄。故选 A。
4 ．（2023·江苏徐州·中考真题）Of all the , I love summer best.
A ．seasons B ．subjects C ．colours D ．hobbies
【答案】A
【详解】句意： 在所有的季节中，我最喜欢夏季。考查名词辨析。 seasons 季节；subjects 科目；colours 颜
色；hobbies 爱好。根据“I love summer best.”可知，此处指在所有季节中最喜欢夏季。故选 A。
5 ．（2023· 辽 宁丹东 · 统考 中考真题 ）Mary’s parents are interested in , so they often take her to
concerts.
A ．sports B ．music C ．science D ．movies
【答案】B
【详解】句意：玛丽的父母对音乐感兴趣，所以他们经常带她去听音乐会。考查名词辨析。sports 运动； music 音乐；science 科学；movies 电影。根据“so they often take her to concerts.”可知去音乐会，说明对音乐 感兴趣，故选 B。
6 ．（2023·四川雅安·统考中考真题）Nancy, please take your with you to school. It’s raining heavily.
A ．cup B ．watch C ．umbrella D ．dictionary
【答案】C
【详解】句意： 南希，请带上你的雨伞去学校。雨下得很大。考查名词辨析。 cup 杯子；watch 表；umbrella 雨伞；dictionary 词典。根据“It’s raining heavily.”可知，下雨了，所以要带伞。故选 C。
7 ．（2023·湖北恩施·中考真题）—Miss Li, happy Teachers’ Day! Here is a flower for you.
—Wow! Thanks for your .
A ．present B ．help C ．question
【答案】A
【详解】句意： ——李老师，教师节快乐！这是给你的花。——哇！谢谢你的礼物。考查名词辨析。present 礼物；help 帮助；question 问题。根据“Here is a flower for you.”和“Thanks for your...”可知，老师感谢对方 送的礼物，故选 A。
8 ．（2023·江苏宿迁·统考中考真题）—The girl’s beautiful pronunciation caught our in yesterday’s
English speech competition.
—Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.
A ．condition B ．attention C ．invention D ．position
【答案】B
【详解】句意： ——在昨天的英语演讲比赛中，这个女孩优美的发音引起了我们的注意。——是的，许多 学生忍不住为她欢呼。考查名词辨析。 condition 条件；attention 注意；invention 发明；position 位置。根据 “Yes, many students couldn’t help cheering for her.”可知引起了大家的注意。故选 B。
9 ．（2023·辽宁抚顺·统考中考真题）I wish you to have good and get good grades.
A ．chalk B ．space C ．luck D ．music
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我祝你好运，取得好成绩。考查名词辨析。chalk 粉笔；space 空间；luck 运气；music 音 乐。根据“wish”和“get good grades”可知此处表示祝愿取得好成绩，因此应用 good luck 表示“好运气”。故选 C。
10 ．（2023·吉林长春·统考中考真题）John Smith often looks through the news about to know what’s on
in the cinema.
A ．films B ．music C ．books D ．weather
【答案】A
【详解】句意：约翰·史密斯经常浏览电影新闻，想知道电影院在上映什么。考查名词辨析。films 电影； music 音乐；books 书；weather 天气。根据“o know what’s on in the cinema”可知想要知道电影院在上映什么， 由此知道经常浏览电影新闻。故选 A。
11 ．（2023·辽宁沈阳·统考中考真题）Betty is crazy about music. Her dream is to be a .
A ．scientist B ．painter C ．musician D ．writer
【答案】C
【详解】句意： 贝蒂对音乐很着迷。她的梦想是成为一名音乐家。考查名词辨析。 scientist 科学家；painter 画家；musician 音乐家；writer 作家。根据“Betty is crazy about music.”可知痴迷于音乐，想要成为音乐家。 故选 C。
12 ．（2023·江苏泰州·中考真题）—Good news! The Chinese women table tennis team won a gold and a silver again.
—Great! No matter who wins the medals, it is the of our country.
A ．price B ．pioneer C ．pride D ．pain
【答案】C
【详解】句意： ——好消息！中国女子乒乓球队再次获得一金一银。——太棒了！无论谁赢得奖牌，都是 我们国家的骄傲。考查名词辨析。 price 价格；pioneer 先驱；pride 骄傲；pain 痛苦。根据“No matter who wins the medals, it is the...of our country.”可知，无论谁获奖都是祖国的骄傲，故选 C。
13 ．（2023·四川遂宁·中考真题）—Which movie would you like to watch, Tracy
— Um…it’s hard to make a .
A ．survey B ．choice C ．call D ．wish
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——特蕾西，你想看哪部电影？——嗯 …… 很难做出选择。考查名词辨析。survey 调查； choice 选择；call 要求，请求；wish 愿望。根据“Which movie would you like to watch”可知是很难从众多电 影中做出选择。故选 B。
14 ．（2023·辽宁·统考中考真题）Thanks to the teacher’s help, I solved all the easily.
A ．chances B ．problems C ．habits D ．grades
【答案】B
【详解】句意：多亏了老师的帮助，我轻而易举地解决了所有的问题。考查名词辨析。chances 机会；problems 问题；habits 习惯；grades 成绩。根据“Thanks to the teacher’s help, I solved all the”可知是在老师的帮助下， 解决了所有问题。故选 B。
15 ．（2023·黑龙江牡丹江·统考中考真题）Although our school life is a little busy, it is full of .
A ．pain B ．sadness C ．laughter
【答案】C
【详解】句意：虽然我们的学校生活有点繁忙，但充满了笑声。考查名词辨析。pain 痛；sadness 悲伤；laughter 笑声。根据“Although our school life is a little busy”可知，前后句为让步关系，表示虽然忙但是充满了笑声。 故选 C。
16 ．（2023·辽宁营口·中考真题）Scientists who are full of always come up with new ideas and bring
great changes to our life.
A ．instruction B ．instrument C ．invention D ．introduction
【答案】C
【详解】句意：富有创意的科学家们总是提出新的想法，给我们生活的带来巨大变化。考查名词辨析。 instruction 说明；instrument 乐器；invention 创意；introduction 介绍，根据“always come up with new ideas” 可知此处指富有创意的科学家们。故选 C。
17 ．（2023·吉林·统考中考真题）Li Wei likes science and his dream is to be a like Tu Youyou.
A ．scientist B ．singer C ．driver
【答案】A
【详解】句意：李伟喜欢科学，他的梦想是成为像屠呦呦一样的科学家。考查名词辨析。scientist 科学家； singer 歌手；driver 司机。根据“Li Wei likes science”可知，喜欢科学，所以想成为像屠呦呦一样的科学家， 故选 A。
18 ．（2023·湖北鄂州·统考中考真题）—Tom always reads for an hour every day.
—That’s a good .
A ．habit B ．dream C ．time D ．wish
【答案】A
【详解】句意： ——汤姆每天总是阅读一个小时。——那是一个好习惯。考查名词辨析。 habit 习惯；dream 梦想；time 时间；wish 愿望。根据“Tom always reads for an hour every day.”可知，每天阅读一小时是个好
习惯。故选 A。
19 ．（2023·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·统考中考真题）Chinese scientists have made great in space technology
recently.
A ．information B ．progress C ．knowledge
【答案】B
【详解】句意：中国科学家最近在空间技术方面取得了巨大的进展。考查名词辨析。information 信息；progress 进步，进展；knowledge 知识。根据“in space technology”可知，是在该领域取得进展，make great progress in sth“在某方面取得巨大进步/进展”。故选 B。
20.（2023·四川乐山·统考中考真题）—Have you heard about the car near the school
—Yes. Luckily, no one was seriously hurt.
A ．accident B ．park C ．club
【答案】A
【详解】句意： ——你听说学校附近发生的车祸了吗？——是的。幸运的是， 没有人严重受伤。考查名词 辨析。accident 事故；park 公园；club 俱乐部。根据“the car”及“Luckily, no one was seriously hurt”可知，询 问是否有听说车祸的事情，故选 A。
21 ．（2023·广西·统考中考真题）My mother is a in Zhongshan Hospital. She has saved many people’s
lives.
A ．singer B ．doctor C ．writer
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我妈妈是中山医院的一名医生。她挽救了许多人的生命。考查名词辨析。 singer 歌手；doctor 医生；writer 作家。根据“in Zhongshan Hospital. She has saved many people’s lives.”可知，应是一名医生，故 选 B。
22 ．（2023·福建·统考中考真题）— How is the today
— It’s hot. You don’t need to wear the coat.
A ．weather B ．traffic C ．price
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——今天天气怎么样？——很热。你不需要穿这件外套。考查名词辨析。weather 天气；traffic 交通；price 价格。根据“It’s hot. You don’t need to wear the coat.”可知，询问天气情况，故选 A。
23 ．（2023·湖北荆州·统考中考真题）—What can you learn from Journey to the West
—I learn that we should have enough to overcome the difficulties in our life.
A ．danger B ．success C ．courage D ．excitement
【答案】C
【详解】句意： ——从《西游记》中你能学到什么？ ——我学会了我们应该有足够的勇气去克服生活中的 困难。考查名词辨析。danger 危险；success 成功；courage 勇气；excitement 兴奋。根据“we should have enough…to overcome the difficulties in our life.”可知，克服生活中的困难需要足够的勇气。故选 C。
24 ．（2023·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）My parents took me to the amusement park on Day. There were
so many exciting things to do there.
A ．Children’s B ．Children C ．Child’s
【答案】A
【详解】句意： 我的父母在儿童节带我去了游乐园。在那里有很多令人兴奋的事情可做。考查名词所有格。 根据“My parents took me to the amusement park on…Day.”及结合选项可知，此处表示“儿童节” ，children“孩 子们”，修饰名词 Day 应该用其所有格形式。故选 A。
25 ．（2023·湖北孝感·统考中考真题）—Can you give me some on learning English well
―Sure. Watching English programs is a good way.
A ．news B ．advice C ．decisions D ．messages
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你能给我一些学好英语的建议吗？——当然可以。看英语节目是一个好方法。
考查名词辨析。news 新闻；advice 建议；decisions 决定；messages 信息。根据“Watching English programs is a good way.”可知，这里给的是学英语的建议，所以空处指“建议”，故选 B。
26 ．（2023·青海·统考中考真题）A taxi driver prevented (阻止) an when he saw a car with serious
problems travelling across Huangnan.
A ．accident B ．interview C ．advertisement
【答案】A
【详解】句意： 一位出租车司机在看到一辆有严重问题的汽车穿过黄南时，阻止了一场事故。考查名词辨 析。accident 事故；interview 采访；advertisement 广告。根据“when he saw a car with serious problems travelling across Huangnan”可知看到的汽车有严重问题，应是阻止了一场事故的发生。故选 A。
27 ．（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）—What club do you want to join
—I want to join a club. I can sing and dance.
A ．sports B ．music C ．chess
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你想参加什么俱乐部？——我想加入音乐俱乐部。我会唱歌和跳舞。
考查名词辨析。sports 运动；music 音乐；chess 国际象棋。根据“I can sing and dance.”可知，会唱歌和跳舞，
所以加入音乐俱乐部。故选 B。
题组 4 语法选择
It was the district's sports meet. My 1 still hadn't recovered ( 痊 愈) from an earlier injury. I had questioned whether or not I should attend the meet. But there I was, ready for the 2 run.
“Ready...set...” The gun sounded and we were off. The other 3 rushed ahead of me. I felt ashamed as I fell farther and farther behind.
“Hooray!” the crowd shouted. It was the loudest cheer I had ever heard at a meet.
The first-place 4 was two laps (圈) ahead of me when she crossed the finishing line.
“Maybe I should give up,” I thought as I ran. However, I kept going. During the last two laps, I ran in 5 and decided not to race next year, even if my foot had healed by then.
When I finished, I heard louder 6 . I turned around and saw that the boys were preparing for their own run. “They must be cheering for the 7 ,” I thought.
I was leaving the meet when several girls came up to me. “Wow, you've shown a lot of 8 !” One of them told me. “We were cheering for you. Did you hear us ”
I had hope again and decided to stick to the run the next year. I realized that 9 and courage aren't always measured ( 衡量) in medals or victories, but in the 10 we overcome. The strongest people are not always those who win, but those who don't give up, even when they are losing.
1.A.foot B.feet C.hands D.hand
2.A.3,000 meter B.3,000 meter's C.3,000-meters D.3,000-meter
3.A.girl B.girls C.boy D.boys
4.A.runner B.runners C.runner's D.runners'
5.A.pain B.pains C.joy D.joys
6.A.cheer B.cheers C.noises D.noise
7.A.boy B.boys C.girl D.girls
8.A.courage B.courages C.success D.successes
9.A.failure B.failures C.strength D.strengths
10.A.trouble B.troubles C.difficulty D.difficulties
文章讲述了作者在校运会上带伤坚持参加三千米赛跑的经历。
1.A 本题考查名词单复数和词义辨析。根据第五段中 even if my foot had healed by then 可知,作者受伤的是 一只脚。故选 A。
2.D 本题考查数词和名词构成复合形容词。3,000-meter=3,000 meters'三千米的,用作定语,修饰名词 run。故
选 D。
3.B 本题考查名词单复数和词义辨析。根据第六段中的 I turned around and saw that the boys were preparing for their own run.可知,作者是女孩,the other girls 指的是除作者之外的其他女孩。故选 B。
4.A 本题考查名词。the first-place runner 排在第一名的跑步选手,故选 A。 5.A 本题考查固定短语。in pain 痛苦地。故选 A。
6.B 本题考查名词单复数和词义辨析。cheer 欢呼,在本句中用作名词。根据上下文可知,观众被作者的精神 所感动, 当她通过终点线时,大家都高声欢呼。由于是众多人的欢呼声,所以用复数形式。故选 B。
7.B 本题考查名词单复数和词义辨析。根据前一句 I turned around and saw that the boys were preparing for their own run.可知,接下来是男子组赛跑了,所以作者认为大家肯定是为男生们欢呼。故选 B。
8.A 本题考查不可数名词和词义辨析。courage 勇气, 是不可数名词。作者带伤完成了比赛,是鼓足了很大 的勇气才完成的,所以同学们对她表现出来的勇气极为赞赏。故选 A。
9.C 本题考查名词单复数和词义辨析。根据上下文,与 and 后面 courage 相对应的应该是 strength,而 strength 作“力量”讲时,是不可数名词,故选 C。
10.D 本题考查名词单复数和词义辨析。根据设空处后面的定语从句 we overcome 可知应是克服困难,又因 需要克服的困难有很多,所以应该用复数形式,故选 D。
题组 5 短文填空
A video star gets a job promoting tourism
Tamdrin is a Sichuan man at the 1 of 20.He became famous unexpectedly after a photographer posted a 2 of him on Douyin in 2020. In the video, he wore a traditional costume and smiled in front of the 3 . Many netizens were attracted by his good 4 and innocent (天真无邪的) smile. They said that Tamdrin had “stars” in his eyes and that his 5 was “angelic and comforting” .
On November 19th, Tamdrin posted his first video on his own Douyin account. He introduced his white 6 in broken Mandarin. He said that his favorite hobby was horse riding. The video was viewed by more than 14 million people and attracted more than 1.8 million followers in one day.
Tamdrin has been given a 7 promoting tourism in Sichuan Province's Litang County by a company. He will get a monthly 8 of 3,500 yuan as well as insurance and subsidies.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
本文讲述了丁真意外走红网络并得到了一份促进家乡旅游业的工作。 1.age 本题考查名词。at the age of 在…… 岁时。
2.video 本题考查名词。根据下文 In the video, he wore a traditional costume and...可知,摄影师上传的是丁真 的视频。
3.camera 本题考查名词。根据上下文可知,丁真是在摄影师的摄影机前微笑。
4.looks 本题考查名词。根据下文的 smile 可知,此处指的是丁真的容貌。looks(尤指吸引人的)相貌,容貌。 5.smile 本题考查名词。根据上文 innocent smile 和本句中“stars” in his eyes 可知,这里指的是丁真的笑容。 6.horse 本题考查名词。根据下一句 He said that his favorite hobby is horse riding.可知,他介绍的是他的白马。 7.job 本题考查名词。根据文章标题可知,公司给丁真的是一份工作。
8.salary/wage/pay 本题考查名词。根据空前的 monthly 和空后的 of 3,500 yuan 可知,这里说的是丁真的薪水, 故填 salary/wage/pay 都可以。
