人教版八年级下册Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?知识点梳理

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
Section A
情态动词could的用法
用于有地貌地向对方提出要求或请求
Could/Can you please (not) do sth Would/Will you please (not) do sth
肯定回答: Sure. / Certainly. / Of Course. / OK./ All right./ No problem. /
With pleasure. (乐意效劳).
否定回答: I'm afraid I can’t, I have to.../ Sorry, I’m going to.../ I’m afraid not.
表示能力, could表示过去的能力,此时could是can的过去式
She couldn’t dress herself until five. / Could you swim when you were four
表示推测
You could be right, but I don’t agree with you.
表示建议
It's a little far, you could go there by taxi.
rubbish [U] =trash/litter
垃圾;废弃物
rubbish bin 垃圾箱 a pile of rubbish 一堆垃圾
clear away the rubbish 清扫垃圾
throw away/take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
荒唐的事/想法;无聊的事
Don't talk rubbish. 别说废话
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾=take the rubbish out
带出去 take out the dog take it/them out. I took her out for lunch.
取出;拿出 She took out her book when the teacher came in.
拔出 The doctor took out his bad teeth.
fold v. 折叠—unfold v. 展开;摊开
折叠;对折 fold your clothes / fold a newspaper in two/half. 把报纸对折
交叠(双手/双臂) fold one's arms 双臂交叠
She folded the letter and put it in an envelope.
n. 折痕 Cut the paper along the fold. folder n. 文件夹;公文夹
sweep—swept v. 清扫 sweep the floor 扫地 sweeper n. 清扫者;清扫器
v. 1) 清扫 sweep the room/leaves with the broom. (扫帚)
sweep (up) the broken glass. 把碎玻璃扫走.
sweep+ n. + adj. 把...打扫成... Sweep the floor clean.
除去;一扫而光;卷走 The flood swept the village away.
蔓延 Some awful news has swept the country.可怕的消息传播开来.
n. (通常用a/the) 打扫;清扫
She gave the room a very good sweep. 她把房间打扫得非常干净.
floor
地板 sweep the floor / fall to the floor/
There’s some rubbish on the floor.
楼层 He lives on the second floor.
the first floor 二楼 the second floor
the ground floor 一楼 [英] the first floor [美]
help out 帮忙
help sb. out 帮助某人解决难题 Can you help me out 你能帮我一把吗
help (sb.) out with sth. 帮助分担
The young man should help out with housework at home.
They helped us out with the clean-up. 他们帮助我们做大扫除.
stay out late 晚归;在外面待到很晚 stay up (late) 熬夜
mess —messy adj. 杂乱的;凌乱的
[U] 杂乱;不整洁 be in a mess 杂乱不堪;陷入困境(表示状态)
The room was in a terrible mess. 房间一片狼藉.
make a mess 弄乱;搞得一团糟(表示动作)
The kid made a mess in the bedroom. What a mess! (口) 真乱啊!
[C] 困境;窘境 get into a mess 陷入困境
a mess of dirty dishes 堆积如山的脏盘子
v. 弄乱;弄脏 Don't mess up the house. 别把房子里弄得乱七八糟的.
干涉;干预 Don't mess with me. 别惹我!
work on 从事;忙于
He is working on a new book. The letter was in my pocket.
all the time 频繁;反复,常位于句末,强调动作在某段时间内一直进行或反复发生,相当于the whole time.
He played computer games all the time on weekends.
throw—threw 扔;投掷
She can throw as far as you can. Tom threw the book on the floor.
throw sb. sth.= throw sth. to sb. 把...抛/扔给某人
throw him the ball= throw the ball to him
throw...to (不带恶意) 扔给;投掷 He threw a banana to the monkey.
throw..at(恶意)投;打 Someone threw a stone at the car.
The teacher threw a piece of chalk at me to make me listen carefully.
throw sth. away扔掉;丢弃
We threw the old TV away and bought a new one.
throw about/around 乱扔;乱丢 Don't throw rubbish about.
throw down 扔下 I threw down my bag and lay on the bed.
throw up 呕吐 The smell made me want to throw up.
the minute (+that从句) 一...就... =as soon as 引导时间状语从句(主将从现)
I'll tell him the good news the minute he comes here.
We’ll leave for Wuhan the minute it stops raining.
neither
pron. <两者都不> 常于of 连用,谓语动词用单数形式.
Neither of them is very clever, but both study hard.
Neither of my parents stays at home.
类比: none <三者都不> 谓语动词可单可复
None of them is/are useful. None of us are perfect. 人无完人.
None of that money on the table is mine. <单>
adj. 两者都不的 <放在单数名词前,谓语动词用单数>
Neither student is from England. / Neither answer is OK.
区别: Both students aren’t from England. 两个学生不都来自于英国.
adv. 也不<常用于倒装句中>
否定陈述: neither/ nor+be/情态动词/助动词+主语
—He can’t swim. —I can’t, either./ Neither/Nor can I. / Me neither.
—They don't like it. —Neither/ Nor do I.
—I'm not tired. —Neither/Nor am I.
If you don’t support the plan, neither /Nor will I.
肯定陈述: so +be/情态动词/助动词+主语
—He can swim. —So can I./ I can, too. / Me too.
—They went to the park. — So did I.
conj. neither...nor... 既不...也不...;都不 <连接并列成分>
Neither my father nor I am interested in art.
Neither I nor Marry lives lives close to school.
Neither Ken nor the children want to go to the zoo.
I have neither time nor money. <宾语>
The house is neither big nor small. <表语>
区别: either...or... 要么...要么 Either you or she is right.
not only...but also...不仅...而且
Not only we but also she volunteers to help them.
both...and 两者都 Both you and she are right.
pass—passes/passed
传递 pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
pass me the salt=pass the salt to me pass it/them to me (代词放中间)
pass sth. on to sb. 把某物传递给某人
Pass the English papers on to the last one of the line.
We passed the good news on to our teacher.
通过;穿过;经过 pass on the right. 右侧通过
Somebody passed behind me. 有人从我身后通过.
The new road will pass through our village. 新公路将从我们村子经过.
(时间)流逝;度过;消逝 A year passed quickly.
Time went by/ passed very slowly.
He passed the time reading books all day. 他一整天看书(不含消极态度)
He usually watches cartoons to kill time. 消磨时间(含消极态度)
过关;通过 Luckily, he passed the driving test/English exam.
相关短语: pass away (人)死亡;去世,比die委婉 (时间)流逝 =pass
pass by 经过 The boy smiled as she passed by.
pass around 转圈传递
pass through 通过;穿过;经历 He passed through many difficulties.
n. 1).通行证;入场券 free pass 免费入场 boarding pass 登机牌 passport 护照
2).传递;(球赛)传球 The goal keeper kicked a long pass. 守门员来了个长传.
区别: past 1). prep. 经过 The boy ran/walked past me. / half past ten.
2). adv. 经过;流逝 Several months went past without hearing from her.
3). adj. 过去的 past events 过去的事
4). n. 过去 We made a living by hunting in the past.
borrow 借用(指从别处借来自己使用)
Can I borrow you bike borrow the bike from you.
borrow sth. form sb= borrow one’s +n. 向某人借某物
He borrowed 2 books from the library but he could only keep them for 2 weeks.
How long can I keep the book keep持有;借用<延续性>+时间段
Tom borrowed some money from his parents to buy the bag.
lend—lent 借出;借给(指把自己的东西借给别人使用)
lend sb. sth=lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
Lend me your guitar=Lend your guitar to me.
提供;增添 The flags lent color to the streets. 彩旗为街道增添了色彩.
hate
讨厌;厌恶
She hates chores. / They hate each other. 他们互相憎恨.
hate doing sth. She hates traveling by train.
hate to do sth. I hate to trouble you.
hate sb. doing/ to do sth. 很不喜欢某人做某事
She hates people smoking/to smoke. 她讨厌人们抽烟.
极不愿意;不想I hate to say it, but you are wrong.我不想说,但你真的错了
while
conj. 当...时候;与...同时 <表时间段,从句谓语动词用延续性动词>
While I was doing my homework, my father came back from work.
The telephone rang while my mother was sweeping the floor.
conj. 然而<强调两者之间的对比>
This shirt fits better while that one has a nicer color.
n. 一会儿;一段时间 Could I talk to you for a while
in a while/minute 不一会;不久 after a while 过了一会儿
once in a while 时不时;偶尔
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
Section B
stress
精神压力;心理负担 have enough stress from school.
(be) under stress (of) 在...压力下
He is under great stress because of his new job. 新工作使他压力巨大.
Under the stress of time he made some serious mistakes.
强调;重视 Some school put stress on foreign language.重视外语教育
重读;重音 It's important to know where to place the stresses.
v. 1) 强调 He stressed the importance of environmental protection.(环保)
2) 极度紧张;焦虑不安 be stressed out 紧张;精疲力竭的
You're stressed out. Please relax yourself.
waste
[U] n. 浪费;滥用 a waste of time/money
It’s a waste of money to buy the doll.
It’s a waste of time to play computer games.
废物;垃圾[U/C]
A lot of waste from the factory is polluting the sea.
v. 浪费;滥用 Mother told me not to waste money.
Be careful not to waste food/water.
I wasted my time on chores. 我在琐事上浪费时间.
adj. 废弃的 put your waste paper into the box.
in order to do sth. 目的是;为了做某事<句首/句中> =so as to do sth.
否定: in order not to do sth.
In order to finish the report, he stayed up late.
Mary got up early in order to catch the early bus.
in order that+从句
He stayed up late in order that he could finish the report.
so that+从句
He stayed up late so that he could finish the report.
to do 位于句首,做目的状语
To finish the report, he stayed up late.
There is no need for sb. to do sth. 对于某人而言做某事是没有必要的
There is no need for us to get up early tomorrow because it’s Sunday.
=It’s not necessary for us to get up early tomorrow because it’s Sunday.
meet one’s need= meet the need of sb. 满足某人的需求
help people in need 帮助困境中的人 be in (great) need of 急需...
拓展: 1) It's+adj.+ for sb+to do sth. 对某人来说做某事是...的
2) It's+adj.+ of sb+to do sth. 某人做某事是...的
3) It’s+n.+to do sth. 做某事是...
It’s parents’ job/duty to provide a clean and comfortable environment for kids.
provide 提供;供应
Sheep provide wool. 绵羊供应羊毛 / The hotel provides free breakfast.
provide sth. for sb. The provided food and clothes for the homeless people.
provide sb. with sth. They provided homeless people with food and clothes.
练习: The sun provides us with light and heat.=The sun provides light and heat for us.
provide for sb. 赡养;抚养某人 He had to provide for the large family.
provide for sth. 为...做好准备 provide for a rainy day. 未雨绸缪
anyway
Adv. <用于转变话题> 而且;加之;另外<置于句首>
Anyway, we should have a try. 总之,我们应该试一试.
Anyway, it's been nice meeting you, see you. 总之见到你很高兴,再见.
反正;无论如何<支持补充说明先前的陈述>
It’s expensive and anyway the size is too small.
I’m too tired to study anymore; anyway, I’m going hungry. 反正我也饿了.
尽管如此;虽然那样
It might rain this weekend, but let’s go camping anyway.
The water was cold but he took a shower anyway.
depend
依赖;信赖 depend on/upon+n.
You can depend on her. / He depends on you to help him.
视...而定;取决于
Everything depends on his mood. 一切都取决于他的心情.
The price depends on the quality. 价格取决于质量.
depend on it. <句首/尾> 肯定;请放心;没错
Depend on it, she’ll make it. 放心,她肯定会成功的.
It/That (all) depends. 那得视情况而定 <可单独使用或置于句首>
—Could I ask a favor of you —It (all) depends.
—Can you give me a ride — It depends where you’re going.
拓展: 1) dependent adj. 依赖的;取决于;受...影响
You can’t be dependent on your parents all your life.
2) dependence n. 依赖;依靠;信任
He refused to live in dependence on his uncle.
3) independent adj. 独立的;自主的;有独立意识的 independence n.
develop
发展;养成;壮大
develop his speaking skill 培养他的口语能力
It’s important to develop children’s good eating habits.
Let me know how the situation develops.
开发;研制
They will develop the field for housing.
Our goal this year is to develop some new products.
患(疾病)
Heavy smokers are more likely to face the risk of developing heart disease.
被发现 It develops that+从句 被发现...
It developed that he was a spy. (间谍)
拓展: 1) developed 发达的 developing 发展中的
developer n. 开发者;开发商
development n. 发展;开发 with the development of... 随着...的发展
fairness
公正性;合理性 understand the idea of fairness
in fairness 说句公道话
拓展: fair —fairer—fairest
adj. 公平的;公正的 fairly adv. 公平地
a fair decision 公正的裁决 play a fair game 打一场公平的比赛
It's not fair! I have to go to bed but you can stay up and watch TV.
It’s fair to say that she was to be blamed for the case.
fair enough <口>不错;有道理
—Will this do —Well, that's fair enough. —这个行吗 —嗯,不错.
晴朗的;天气好的 fair weather 晴朗的天气 fair sky 晴空
fair n. 博览会;展销会 a book fair 书展
unfair adj. —more/most unfair —unfairly adv.
That’s unfair. You’re always saying I’m lazy.
It’s not unfair of you to ask her to wash your car.
drop—dropped—dropping
落下;掉下
Be careful not to drop the plate. / The plate dropped from her hands.

使滴落;滴下
She dropped some milk in her coffee. 她往自己的咖啡里滴了一些咖啡.
下降;减少;变弱
She dropped his voice 她压低了嗓音.
The temperature can drop below zero in the night. 温度可能会下降到0度.
寄/写(明信片等)
Drop me a card when you get to New York. 到纽约后给我寄张明信片.
Drop me a line, will you 写封短信给我可以吗
(从车上)放下(某人) Drop me at the next stop. 下一站让我下车.
中止;停止;断绝
She dropped her old friends when she makes new ones.
陷入(某种状态) drop asleep=fall asleep 不知不觉睡着
短语: drop over/ in/ by 顺便拜访 drop in on sb. / drop in at sp.
drop over to sp. Drop over to our house for a visit sometime.
drop out(of) (从...) 退学;退出
He had to drop out of high school to look after his sick mother.
n. [C] 水滴 Drops of rain fell on the window. 雨滴落在窗户上.
一点;少量的 a drop of wine 一点葡萄酒 have/take a drop 喝点酒
滴剂<常用复数> He needs eye drops twice a day.需要每天点两次眼药水.
下降;下落 a drop in temperature/ grades 气温/成绩下降
drop by drop 一点一滴 a drop in the ocean 沧海一栗
since
conj. 自..以来;从...以后<时间状语从句>
She has taught here since she left school. (从句过去时, 主语现在完成时)
因为;既然 <原因状语从句> 句首,表示众所周知或显而易见的原因.
Since everybody is here, let’s begin our class.
Since we’ve come to Beijing, let’s visit the Great Wall.
prep. 自...以来;从...以后 <与现在/过去完成时连用>
I’ve been living in this town since August.
Since getting fired 3 years ago, he hasn’t looked for work.
adv. 自那以后;此后 <与现在/过去完成时连用>
Once she got sick from eating fish and she hasn’t eaten it since.
ever since 自那以后
He went to Europe in 1990 and has never returned to China ever since.
neighbor—neighbour.
a good neighbor friendly/ close neighbor 友好的邻居/近邻
He and I are next-door neighbors.
neighborhood n. 地区;邻里;社区 This is a quiet neighborhood.
in the neighborhood of... 在...附近...
ill —illness
adj. —worse—worst I felt ill/sick yesterday.
be seriously/terribly/badly ill ill luck 厄运 ill management 管理不善
adv. 恶劣地;讨厌地 Don’t speak ill of others. 不要说别人的坏话
n. do ill. 干坏事儿