(共17张PPT)
Unit 2 Natural disasters
Extended reading
By the end of this section, students will be able to:
1. understand the adaptation of the novel about Pompeii;
2. grasp the main idea of the adaptation;
3. know the destructive power of natural disasters;
4. appreciate the language style of the author.
Learning objectives
Where did you go during your winter holiday
Pompeii
Pompeii is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site. Why
Lead-in
General reading
How is the excerpt organized
In time order.
In spatial order.
With the development of feelings.
Before the volcanic eruption
During the volcanic eruption
After the volcanic eruption
volcanic eruption
General reading
Para.1
Paras.2-4
Para.5
How did you feel about your hometown Use some adjectives to describe it.
Detailed reading: Para.1-Before the volcanic eruption
little shops, tiny palaces, wine bars
trading ships
leasure boats
forum, theatre
prosperous
civilized
“A model of the whole Roman Empire”
Detailed reading: Para.1-Before the volcanic eruption
It failed to warn the city.
Why is Mount Vesuvius mentioned in paragraph 1
What did you see at dawn
Detailed reading: Para.2-During the volcanic eruption
Now it was wildly bright, now of a pale and dying red, and now again it burned with an unbearable light!
Why is the word “now” repeated several times
How did you feel
What did you hear, feel and see in the next moment
Detailed reading: Para.3-During the volcanic eruption
Women’s cries
Crash of falling roofs
Noisy crash in the stormy sea
Heard
Earth shaking beneath the feet
Felt
Mountain-cloud towards them like a river
A shower of ashes and stones
Saw
Detailed reading: Para.3-During the volcanic eruption
Where did the awful shower fall
Over the empty streets-over the forum-far and wide-with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea-fell that awful shower!
Detailed reading: Para.3-During the volcanic eruption
Detailed reading: Para.3-During the volcanic eruption
How did you feel seeing the eruption
Use verbs to describe what you heard, saw and felt.
Detailed reading: Para.4-During the volcanic eruption
So came the earthquake... and so ended life in Pompeii
A role play!
What was the ending
Detailed reading: Para.5-After the volcanic eruption
What was the city like after it was unearthed
Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday; not a single colour changed on the rich pattern of its floors. In its forum, the half-finished columns seemed as if just left by the workman's hand.
painted walls
columns
floor patterns
What does the remains of Pompeii remind us of
Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii, the remains of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short.
Why is pompeii listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site Read paras. 1 and 5.
Reflection
Writing
假如你是李华，寒假前往了意大利庞贝旅游，请向你的同学们介绍庞贝古城，内容包括：
1. 庞贝的地理位置；
2. 庞贝的历史；
3. 庞贝的文化意义，给你的启示。
写作词数应为80词左右。
1. Polish your writing up and turn it in tomorrow.
2. If interested, reflect further on nature, history and life.
Homework(共25张PPT)
Unit 2
Natural disasters
Integrated skills
By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:
1. learn to analyze the plot development of a story reasonably;
2. continue a story about Mary's family caught in a flood;
3. learn some skills to stay safe in a natural disaster such as a flood.
Learning objectives
Free talk
Can you describe a flood you have encountered or have heard of
What were the consequences of the flood
Can you give us some flood safety tips
Complete the notes
Flood safety tips
Before a flood
Prepare (1) ________________. They should include:
(2) _____________
sleeping bags;
(3) _____________
food;
drinking water.
Bring the (4) _____________________ to the upper levels of the house.
During a flood
Leave immediately and move to (5) _____________.
Move to the upper floor if you are already inside a building.
Do not (6) _____________ through the moving floodwater.
After a flood
Listen for official (7) _____________ to learn when it is safe to go home.
Watch out for (8) _____________ and power lines.
Stay away from the floodwater. It may be polluted and unsafe to touch.
disaster supplies
a light source
warm clothes
most important objects
higher ground
walk or drive
news reports
damaged roads
Listen and decide
250 million
three
Sixty
/knock an adult down
Planning
for continuation writing
Read and analyse
What is the text type
It’s a short story.
How
Where
When
Who
Characters
Setting
Plot
Why
What
Mary and her parents
On a rainy day
In the living room
They were caught in a flood.
It had been raining non-stop for three days.
How can they save themselves
from the flood
To be continued
What if Mary and her parents
leave their house
What can they do to save themselves
Will any new characters appear
What safety tips from part A can be used to protect themselves
Will there be any emotional changes
stay at home
Discussing
What if Mary and her parents try to leave their house What if they decide to stay at home
Leave or stay
Stay:
____________________________________
Leave:
_________________________________
Which choice may bring them more danger and why
What may be the possible decision and who will make it
Analyse the emotions
Dad:
nervous, scared, curious …
seemingly calm, worried, cautious …
calm, cautious …
Mary:
Mum:
What safety tips from part A can be used to help Mary and her parents protect themselves
P
Prepare disaster supplies.
Moving to the upper floor if you are already inside a building.
Don’t walk or drive through the moving floodwater.
…
If they decide to leave the house, what do they need
If they decide to stay indoors, what do they need
Do they have them
Will any new characters appear Who are they and what will they do
If new characters appear, who are they What will they do What will Mary and her parents do
If no new characters appear, what will Mary and her parents do
Writing
Dialogues
“Mum, Dad,” said Mary suddenly, “I think we should leave here right away！”
“No,” said Dad. “It’s too late! The radio says the city has already been flooded.”
“We can drive our car through the floodwater! Let’s just leave! I’m really scared!” cried Mary.
“We can’t do that, honey,” explained Mum, “otherwise the moving water could wash the car away.”
“Don’t open the door!” shouted Mum and Dad at the same time. “The water may flood in!”
“Mary, don’t worry. Everything’s going to be OK,” she said softly, trying her best to comfort Mary. Her voice was calm, but Mary could tell she was worried too.
More specific words to replace say
cry, explain, shout, scream, yell, roar, whisper, add, continue, remark, repeat, complain, warn, reply, apologize, comfort, beg, refuse, answer, cheer …
Descriptions of scenes
It had been raining non-stop for three days.
The wind roared and the rain beat on the roof and windows.
The sudden silence in the house seemed to make the wind and rain more frightening outside.
The functions of scene descriptions
Specify the setting
Create tension
Move the plot forward
Descriptions of actions
Mary was looking through the windows at the endless rain outside.
Mary walked to the door. She was curious to see how much water there was outside.
Dad was listening to a weather report on the radio, while Mum was putting their important documents and disaster supplies into a bag.
Dad moved the dinner table against the door, in case the floodwater forced the door open.
Mum waved to Mary to sit on the sofa.
Without saying a single word, Dad walked to the sofa, sat down and hugged his wife and daughter.
Tips on describing actions
Use specific verbs.
Use verb chains to show a series of actions.
Plan your own story ending, using what we have learned.
Practice
Caught in a flood
(Part II)
After a brief discussion, Mum and Dad decided they should stay in the house.______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sample
Finally, the rain stopped,_______________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Caught in a flood
(Part II)
After a brief discussion, Mum and Dad decided they should stay in the house. They thought it would be really dangerous to try to walk through the water to get to higher ground.
“Mary, we’ll have to go upstairs and wait there,” said Mum.
“OK, Mum. If that’s what you think is best,” Mary replied uncertainly.
So they went upstairs and waited. Downstairs, water flooding into the living room and kitchen. All three of them were nervous, but at least they had disaster supplies, including food and drinking water.
Sample
Finally, the rain stopped, but Mary and her family could not leave while the house was still flooded. They listened to the radio and learnt that rescue workers in boats were coming to rescue people who were trapped in their homes. They waited for a boat to arrive at their house. Their home had been badly damaged, but they were all happy to be alive.
Sample
Tip 1
Read for the basic information and draw a plot line to get a clear picture.
Tip 2
Get clues from the given information to create a reasonable plot.
Tip 3
Follow the original language style and keep the style consistent.
Polish your continuation writing.
Homework(共18张PPT)
Unit 2
Natural disasters
Welcome to the unit
In this unit, you are going to:
read two news reports about how disaster preparation has helped save lives;
continue writing a story about a family caught in a natural disaster;
read an excerpt from a novel about a famous volcanic eruption;
make an information folder about rescue methods.
get to know what are natural disasters.
get to know some typical natural disasters.
Learning objectives
Natural disasters are extreme, sudden events caused by environmental factors that injure people and damage property.
What are natural disasters
Warming-up
Top 10 Natural Disasters
1. Hurricane
2. Earthquake
3. Tornado
4. Volcanic eruption
5. Tsunami
6. Flood
7. Wildfire
9. Avalanche
10. Landslide
8. Drought
Natural disasters are terrible reminders of the power of nature. Watch the video and finish the following exercises.
Plates moving underground can cause an earthquake, which is __________ of the earth’s surface.
When a volcano erupts, _________, volcanic ash and even rocks escape through a large opening at the top.
A large amount of ___________ falling down a hill or mountain is called a landslide.
Discuss the following questions.
1 How much do you know about the natural disasters in the video
2 What other types of natural disasters do you know about
3 What natural disasters in history have you heard about
Structure
(Name): other type of natural disaster that I know about is...
(Reason) :...
(Result): ...
Natural
disasters
pests
insects
tsunami
tornado
drought
sandstorm
typhoon
forest
fire
flood
and more …
Earthquake, any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.”
Volcanic eruptions happen when lava and gas are discharged from a volcanic vent. The most common consequences of this are population movements as large numbers of people are often forced to flee the moving lava flow. Volcanic eruptions often cause temporary food shortages and volcanic ash landslides called Lahar.
Landslide, also called landslip, the movement downslope of a mass of rock, debris, earth, or soil (soil being a mixture of earth and debris). Landslides occur when gravitational and other types of shear stresses within a slope exceed the shear strength (resistance to shearing) of the materials that form the slope.
other types of natural disasters
Extreme temperatures caused by a heat wave or cold wave are one of many climatological hazards. A heat wave increases the temperature in a certain region and pushes the human body beyond its limit. The same is the case with a cold wave that is accompanied with heavy snowfall and extreme cold, which may lead to hypothermia.
Hurricanes refer to a closed circulation system in the atmosphere that consists of strong winds and low pressure. The winds rotate clockwise in the southern hemisphere and counter clockwise in the northern hemisphere. A hurricanes is usually characterized by a low-pressure center with strong winds and spiral rain bands.
A sandstorm is also known as the dust storm, which is a strong wind that blows across the arid and semi-arid regions. It causes soil erosion and it occurs due to the poor management of dry land and over-grazing of vegetation.
An ice storm is a form of winter storm wherein cold and freezing rain is experienced. Ice storm is a natural disaster, which can cause damages and health hazards to mankind and livestock.
1. Why do the natural disasters break out more often
2. What can we do to reduce the possibility of natural disasters such as fire
3. What do you think of the first sentence — natural disasters are terrible reminders of the power of nature
4. Are natural disasters closely connected with man-made disasters Can you give an example
Write down a short paragraph describing a natural disaster. Your writing should include an example and an ending about what we should do.
Homework(共24张PPT)
Unit 2
Natural disaster
Grammar and usage
Learning objectives
Learn the rules of to-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result.
Be able to use to-infinitives in the writing.
Review
What kind of natural disasters have we learnt
Earthquake
Tsunami
Review
What kind of natural disasters have we learnt
Typhoon
Fire disaster
What kind of natural disasters are connected with a strong storm
Hurricane
Typhoon
a violent storm with very strong winds, especially in the western Atlantic Ocean
a typhoon is a very violent tropical storm.
Tornado
A tornado is a violent wind storm consisting of a tall column of air which spins around very fast and causes a lot of damage.
Lead-in
What should people do during a strong storm
Stay inside
Close doors and windows
Listen to radio or watch TV to keep informed what’s going on
Lead-in
A
Anna is interviewing her teacher, Mr Li, about his experiences during a hurricane.
Before
During
After
Reading
What are Mr Li’s suggestion during a strong hurricane
Listen to local news
Stay inside
Calm down
Prepare enough food and water
Reading
Exploring
A
Find the sentences with to-infinitives and fill in the table below.
To-infinitives as attributives To-infinitives as adverbials of result
Exploring
To-infinitives as attributives
used to describe a noun
I was staying in Atlanta, and that was one of the cities to be hit.
The roads were blocked, so there was nothing for me to do but stay inside.
I had enough food and water to last a whole week!
Exploring
To-infinitives as adverbials of result
That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.
… I looked out of the window, only to see huge trees lying across the street and water everywhere!
Exploring
When the to-infintive is used as an attributive, it is often put
(before/after) the noun or pronoun it modifies.
When the to-infintive is used as an adverbial of result, it can refer to an (expected/unexpected) result. In this case, we often use only before the to-infinitive.
after
unexpected
Working out the rules
Grammar
不定式作定语
动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系，如果该不定式是由不及物动词构成，或者该不定式本身有宾语，其后应有必要的介词。
The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.
She had no money and no place to live (in).
Grammar
逻辑关系
主谓关系 (subject-verb)
Clint was the second person to survive in the earthquake.
动宾关系 (verb-object)
Wise men speak because they have something to say; fools because they have to say something.
Grammar
逻辑关系
同位语关系 (apposition)
The need to love and to be loved is universal.
被动形式
The house to be built there will be a library.
Grammar
不定式作状语
作目的状语(可位于句首或句尾)
I went there to see my teacher.
Page16-17:
To protect yourself from a typhoon, follow the proper safety procedures.
During a typhoon, you should do your best to keep your head.
Pay attention to news updates to confirm whether the danger is gone.
Grammar
不定式作状语
作结果状语(有时可表示意料之外的结果)
The box was too heavy to move.
Page 20:
That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.
作原因状语
He is sad to hear the bad news.
Applying
B1
Match the first half of the sentences below with the correct to-infinitives.
1. I went to the annual earthquake workshop
2. The authorities told the local people
3. They arrived at the airport
4. Before we returned home, the flood damage needed
5. This was the last city
Step 1: find out the topic or key word from the first half of sentences.
a to be cleared of people before the volcano erupted.
b to be repaired.
c to stay inside when the typhoon arrived.
d only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm.
e to learn some safety tips.
Applying
Step 2: find out the key words from the second half of sentences to match the first half sentences.
Flood damaged
Local people
airport
workshop
Applying
Step 3: check logical relationship
I went to the annual earthquake workshop to learn some safety tips.
The authorities told the local people to stay inside when the typhoon arrived.
They arrived at the airport only to find the flight had been cancelled due to the snowstorm.
Before we returned home, the flood damage needed to be repaired.
This was the last city to be cleared of people before the volcano erupted.
attributive
object
object complement
adverbial of result
adverbial of purpose
Applying
B2
Below is Anna’s to-do list from yesterday afternoon. Complete the diary entry below using to-infinitives.
Applying
to find books about hurricanes
to attend
to make PPT slides for my project
to find he was not in his office
adverbial of result
adverbial of purpose
attributive
adverbial of purpose
Applying
B3
Jim is talking to his friend Julie about his experience after the earthquake. In pairs, complete the conversation below using to-infinitives.
was actually the first to leave
to keep us warm
wanted to return home as soon as possible
to find it completely destroyed
advised us to take an active part in the rebuilding
Reread the passages in the unit, and find out the sentences with to-infinitive and note the functions.
Homework(共17张PPT)
Unit 2 Natural disasters Project
Making an information folder
about rescue methods
Making an information folder about rescue methods.
Learning objectives
Making an information folder about rescue methods
What is an information folder
a container for information about a certain topic
contents: words, pictures, posters, videos etc.
Choosing a rescue method
search and rescue dogs
search and rescue robots
life detectors
unmanned aircraft
search and rescue vessels
helicopters
satellite positioning systems
mobile hospitals
...
Work in groups
Member 1 introduction
Member 2 advantages and disadvantages
Member 3 history
Member 4 rescue stories
Making an information page
Introduction
Dogs have been very helpful in rescue efforts on land.
Due to the effort of well-trained search and rescue dogs,
thousands of human lives are saved every year.
Learning and analysing the example
Search and rescue dogs
Structure
Introduction
A brief and quick review of the rescue method→ Research target
The vital role it plays
Dogs have been very helpful in rescue efforts on land. Due to the effort of well-trained search and rescue dogs, thousands of human lives are saved every year.
Advantages and disadvantages
Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell, dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can.
However, it takes much time and effort to train them. Also, dogs may lose
their sensing ability if they work too long. In that case, they have to retire.
Search and rescue dogs
Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell, dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can. However, it takes much time and effort to train them. Also, dogs may lose their sensing ability if they work too long. In that case, they have to retire.
Advantages and disadvantages
Impress the readers with the advantages
The mention of disadvantages can provide readers with diverse perspectives, making the information more comprehensive and objective
Structure
History
The Great St Bernard Hospice, which was built in 1049 for travellers in Switzerland, raised a type of dog known as the St
Bernard. This type of dog has been used in mountain rescues for
hundreds of year.
Search and rescue dogs
History
helps make the information page interesting and convincing
The Great St Bernard Hospice, which was built in 1049 for travellers in Switzerland, raised a type of dog known as the St Bernard. This type of dog has been used in mountain rescues for hundreds of years.
application
origin
Structure
A rescue story
When a destructive earthquake hit Nepal in 2015, six well-trained search and rescue dogs worked alongside members of
the China International Search and Rescue Team. They went to
the location and two minutes later gave the rescuers a strong
signal. At last, a 16-year-old boy was rescued.
Search and rescue dogs
A rescue story
Also helps make the content more vivid and convincing
Is a short version of a narrative essay, including the beginning, the development and the ending
When a destructive earthquake hit Nepal in 2015, six well-trained search and rescue dogs worked alongside members of the China International Search and Rescue Team. They went to the location and two minutes later gave the rescuers a strong signal. At last, a 16-year-old boy was rescued.
development
ending
beginning
Structure
Linguistic features
Concise
Using simple sentences
Giving only the information that is necessary and important
Using few words
Dogs have been very helpful in rescue efforts on land.
However, it takes much time and effort to train them.
...
At last, a 16-year-old boy was rescued.
Writing techniques
Listing data
Making comparisons
Making contrasts
… dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can.
However, it takes much time and effort to train them.
thousands of …
hundreds of …
General
Specific
was built in 1049
hit Nepal in 2015
six well-trained search and rescue dogs
two minutes later
Go to the library
Search online: literature review, documentaries, professional scientific websites, the government’s official websites ...
Tips on getting reliable information with high validity
In groups, choose one rescue method to research on and make an information page of the folder.
P
Life detectors
Search and rescue robots
Unmanned aircraft
…
Practice
