北师版（2019）选择性必修4 课件 Unit10 Connections Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?课件(共29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
Unit 10 Connections
Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We
—Reading Comprehension
　
By the end of this period, students will be able to:
1.read and talk about the “Six Degrees of Separation” theory;
2. read for deep understanding;
3. read for specific information and make inferences.
CONTENTS
Pre-reading
I
While-reading
II
Post-reading
III
Sentences analysis
IV
Pre-reading
How can you have a chance to contact with a stranger
□Through the introduction of common friends.
□Through WeChat or QQ.
□Come across by chance.
□Meet at a party.
While-reading
Activity 1　Fast-reading for main ideas
1. What is the text mainly about
A．How people in the world communicate with each other.
B．What the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation” is and how it
develops.
C．How people in the world are connected.
D．Why the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation” is put forward.
√
Para.1 A. Stanley Milgram tested the theory successfully.
Para.2 B. Who invented the theory
Para.3 C. What does “Six Degrees of Separation” refer to
Para.4 D. The result of Columbia University’s study.
Para.5 E. How did the theory influence the entertainment industry
Para.6 F. How closely connected are you
Para.7 G. The result of the University of Milan’s study.
2. Match the main idea with each paragraph.
1．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To give suggestions.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To add background information.
D．To offer scientific data.
√
Activity 2　Careful-reading for details
Paras. 1-2
2.What is the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation”？
“Six Degrees of Separation” is the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people.
3. Who was the first one to introduce the theory
A．A film star.
B．Frigyes Karinthy.
C．Two scientists.
D．Stanley Milgram.
√
1. Fill in the blanks: Who tried to prove the theory and what were the results
When 1950s 1967
Who (1)____________ (2)________________
How With a (3) ______________ method. He chose a (4)_______ sample of people in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a (5)_________in the state of Massachusetts.
Findings/ results (6)______ It only took between (7)_____ and (8)______ people to get the parcels delivered.
two scientists
Stanley Milgram
mathematical
Failed
random
stranger
seven
five
Para. 3
It was his research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．
2．How did Stanley prove the theory
A. By asking a random sample of people to send parcels to the target stranger directly.
B. By asking a random sample of people to send parcels to the target stranger indirectly.
C. By choosing some certain people to send parcels directly.
D. By choosing some certain people to send parcels indirectly.
3. What is the significance of Stanley Milgram’s test
√
1．Which is NOT influenced by the theory according to the text
A．Plays. B．Games.
C．TV series. D．Songs.
2．How did the author show the theory’s influence on the entertainment industry in this part
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By listing figures.
D．By providing the results of the experiment.
√
Para. 4
√
3.What do all the examples show
They show that many people have accepted the theory and try to explore it more.
When 2001 2011
Who (1)____________________ (2)_________________
How
Findings/ Results
They tried to (3)_____________ Milgram’s experiment on the Internet. The experiment involved 24,163 email chains with 18 target people in 13 different countries.
1.Fill in the chart.
Columbia University
the University of Milan
The experiment analysed the (4)_____________
between 721 million social media users.
The results confirmed that the (5)_________ number of links in the chain was six.
92% were (6)_________
by only four stagesor five degrees of separation..
recreate
average
relationship
connected
Paras. 5-7
2.What do the two experiments have in common
A．They were both carried out on the Internet.
B．They were carried out in the same university.
C．Both of them were targeted at university students.
D．Both of them were referred to as “Columbia Small-world Project”．
√
3．Why does the writer ask the question in the last paragraph
A. To help readers recall the development of “Six Degrees of Separation”．
B. To make readers relate themselves to the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation”．
C. To persuade readers to agree with his/her opinions on the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation”．
D. To encourage readers to have a contact with others.
√
Part 1: Para(s)_____
Part 2: Para(s)_____
Part 3 Para(s)_____
____________of the theory
___________ of the theory
___________of the theory
1. Structure of the text
1-2
3-6
7
Introduction
Development
Emphasis
Read the whole passage again and do the following exercises.
2．How is the passage mainly organized
A．By cause and effect.
B．By space order.
C．By time order.
D．By comparing.
√
3. What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text
A. To tell us people in the world are closely connected with each other.
B. To persuade people to communicate with others in the world.
C. To indicate communication only happens between seven to fifteen
people.
D. To prove people will seldom have a chance to meet a stranger.
√
1.Why did Milgram and Columbia University both label their experiments “Small-world”？(Critical thinking)
Because they believed that any person on Earth could be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. In this sense, the world is small.
Activity 1　Discussion
Post-reading
The theory tells us that we are closely connected with others in the world, so we should love, care about and help each other. What we do can make a difference to others and the whole world.
2.What can you learn from the theory of “Six Degrees of Separation”？(Creative thinking)
“Six Degrees of Separation” refers 1.___ the theory that any person on Earth can be connected to any other person through a chain of no more than five other people. It was first talked about in a book 2._____(call) Everything Is Different in 1929，in which Frigyes Karinthy introduced the idea of friendship networks and his ideas influenced many of our early 3.__________(impress) of social networks. In 1967，an American sociologist chose some people randomly in the middle of America and asked them to send packages to a stranger in the state of Massachusetts. Amazingly, it only took between five and seven people 4._____(get) the parcels delivered.
to
called
impressions
to get
Activity 2　Summary
It was this research 5.____ inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”. In the last few decades, the name of the theory 6.___________(use) as the title of a play and then a film. Then, more films and TV programmes based on the concept were made and broadcast, among 7.______ the Oscar-winning film Babel and the television series Lost were 8.__________(particular) famous. In 2001, Columbia University tried to recreate Milgram’s experiment on the Internet. The results confirmed that the average number of links in the chain 9.____(be) six. The most recent experiment 10._____________(conduct) in 2011, which also confirmed the theory.
that
has been used
which
was conducted
particularly
was
1. Research shows the average person only has regular communication with between seven and fifteen people, and that most of our communication is in fact with five to ten people who are closest to us.
[句式分析]　此句是_____句。and连接两个________从句作show的宾语，第一个宾语从句省略了引导词_____；第二个宾语从句中含有一个who引导的______从句，先行词是_______。
[自主翻译]
研究表明，普通人只与7至15个人经常保持联系，而且其中大部分的交流实际上只发生在5到10个最亲近的人身上。
复合
宾语
that
定语
people
Sentences Analysis:
2．Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs until the parcel could be personally delivered to the correct person.
[句式分析]　此句是______句。once引导____________从句，意“______”；主句中的theirs是名词性物主代词，相当于___________，意为“________________”，主句中的until引导______________。
[自主翻译]
一旦此人收到包裹，他或她就会将包裹再发给认识的人，
复合
时间状语
一旦
their contacts
他们认识的人
时间状语从句
直到该包裹被送到目标收件人手中。
3．It was this research that inspired the phrase “Six Degrees of Separation”．
[句式分析]　此句是________句型it was...that...，强调了主语_______________。
[自主翻译]
强调
this research
正是这项研究启发了“六度分隔”这一说法。
4．The television series Lost also explored the idea of “Six Degrees of Separation”, as almost all the characters had randomly met each other，or had met someone the other characters knew, before they were all in the same plane crash.
[句式分析]　此句是______句。as引导_________从句；从句的主语是____________，谓语动词是两个_________，the other characters knew是省略了引导词that的__________，其先行词是__________，before引导__________从句。
[自主翻译]
复合
原因状语
the characters
had met
定语从句
someone
时间状语
电视连续剧《迷失》也探讨了“六度分隔”的理论，剧中失事飞机上几乎所有人物此前都曾偶遇，或曾遇见其他人物认识的人。
5．How might you be connected to the driver of the bus you regularly take or the person who delivers your parcels
[句式分析]　此句是______句。其中you regularly take 是省略了关系词___________的__________，修饰the bus；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词__________。
[自主翻译]
复合
that/which
定语从句
the person
你与你经常乘坐的公交车司机或给你送包裹的人可能存在怎样的联系？
Search online and find details about the “small-world problem”, “Columbia Small-world Project” or other experiments related to the theory.
Homework