外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown Understanding ideas课件(共36张PPT)
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| 名称 | 外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown Understanding ideas课件(共36张PPT) |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 52.5MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-27 19:16:24 | ||
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(共36张PPT)
Understanding ideas
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
Unit 5 Into the unknown
1. Understand the brilliant achievements of Maya civilisation, and find out the possible reasons for the decline and disappearance of Maya civilisation;
2. Perceive the language characteristics of the text, and grasp the structure and context of the text;
3. Cultivate truth-seeking spirit and awareness of protecting modern civilisation.
Four ancient civilisations are universally known by the world, such as Ancient India, Ancient Babylon, Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.
Lead-in
1. What do you know about these ancient civilisations
Besides, Ancient Greece and Ancient Roman play an important part in ancient civilisations.
2. What other ancient civilisations do you know of
Let’s enjoy a video and talk about the following question.
What do you know about Maya civilisation
The Maya civilization is famous for having the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its spectacular art, impressive architecture and mathematical and astronomical systems.
Let’s learn more about Maya civilisation and the mysteries behind it！
Pre-reading
Skim the title and the picture and predict what the passage may talk about.
_____________________________________________
The passage may talk about the mysteries of the Maya.
A. Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since
its rediscovery in the 19th century.
B. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya
to abandon most of their great cities.
C. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it
shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya
civilisation are among people.
D. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may
have led to the decline of the Maya.
E. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also
leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
F. Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people
themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
While-reading
1. Match the topic sentence with each paragraph.
Fast-reading
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
Para. 1: (1)________________.
Para. 2: The (2) ____________ of Maya
civilisation.
Para. 3: The (3)________ of Maya civilization.
Paras. 4-5: The (4)_______ for the disappearance of Maya civilization.
Para. 4: (5)______
causes
Para. 5: (6)_______
causes
Para. 6: The mysteries of Maya civilisation remain to be (7)_______.
achievements
downfall
reasons
human
natural
solved
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Introduce the topic
3. What type of text is this passage
A. Narration. B. Argumentation.
C. Exposition. D. A news report.
√
1. What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury
To introduce Maya civilisation.
To amuse the readers.
To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation.
To inform us the location of the Maya city.
Careful-reading
Para. 1
√
2. How did William Gadoury find Maya cities
_________________________________________
By studying of ancient star charts and comparison.
3.What does the phrase “correspond to” mean
__________________________________________
Be consistent with.
4. What is the scholars’ attitude towards William Gadoury’s discovery
A. Incredible. B. Disapproving.
C. Favorable. D. Shocked.
√
5. What do we know about Gadoury from the first paragraph
A. He got support from the scholars.
B. He drew many ancient star charts.
C. He found the positions of 117 stars.
D. He was fascinated by Maya civilisation.
√
1. What does the word “complicated” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Difficult to understand.
B. Not known or identified.
C. Unexpected, surprising or strange.
D. Impossible or very difficult to believe.
Para. 2
√
2. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures
A. Who built them.
B. Why people built them.
C. When people built them.
D. How people built them without machinery.
√
3. What was the most amazing and unique achievement of the Maya at that time
A. The use of metal tools.
B. Their understanding of mathematics.
C. A true writing system.
D. Palaces and temples.
√
Achievements of the Maya
Building impressive (1)______________________________
Mathematics and astronomy
be applied to (2)________________
The Maya calendar accurate to (3)________________ per year
Writing system containing (4)______________________ with signs representing animals, people and objects and other (5)__________________.
palaces and temples, step pyramids
the Maya calendar
within 30 seconds
more than 800 characters
representing syllables
4. Organize information and fill in the chart.
The rise and fall of Maya civilisation
made its (1)
____________
incredible
By 700 AD
within a couple of generations
left to (4)____________ by the jungle
The remaining Maya people were living in (5)_______________.
technologically primitive
Maya civilisation was (2)____________
began to (3)_________
Europeans arrived
achievements
at its peak
decline
be taken back
small settlements
Organize information and fill in the blanks.
Para. 3
1. How does the author start Paragraph 4
A. By listing examples.
B. By asking questions.
C. By making a comparison.
D. By analysing causes.
Paras. 4-5
√
2. What played an important role in the decline of the Maya according to some research
A. Conflicts between cities.
B. The European settlers.
C. The spread of diseases.
D. The people themselves.
√
3. What made the Maya people reduce their ability to deal with natural disasters
A. The growth of the Maya population.
B. Not following the laws of nature to change the landscape.
C. Conflicts between foreign nationalities and local people.
D. More and more natural disasters struck Maya.
√
natural disasters
turned (2)________ into (3)______
dug (4)________________
Human causes
reduced the ability to deal with (1)______________
Natural causes
a series of (6)__________ between 700 AD and 1000 AD, each (7)__________________
_________________________
droughts
lasting for a couple of years
natural disasters
huge expansion of the (5)_________
population
fields
huge canal systems
wetlands
Possible reasons for collapse of Maya civilisation
4. Organize information and fill in the blanks.
What does the author mean by saying “Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve”？
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains to be studied further.
Para. 6
1. What lessons can you learn from the collapse of Maya civilisation？(Critical thinking)
Post-reading
Human beings should respect nature and not violate the law of its development. On the one hand, we should follow the natural law and believe in the survival of the fittest. On the other hand, we should actively transform the world around us and bravely fight against kinds of disasters as possible as we can.
Discussion
2. What can we do to help protect modern civilisations？(Creative
thinking)
We should attach great significance to our modern civilisations. As we all know, it is not so easy for us humans to have the civilisations that we have got today. We should spare no efforts to protect our modern civilisations. In no way should we make profits at the cost of our homeland.
Civilisations that we humans have created should be treasured. Protecting modern civilisations is protecting ourselves.
So it’s never wrong to think twice before taking action. We should always look into things first and consider our options.
Reflection
Maya civilisation has been a mystery since it was rediscovered in the 19th century. The Maya built many splendid structures, among 1.______ the step pyramids are 2._____ most famous. What puzzles people is how they built these structures with 3.______(they) own hands. To people’s 4.__________(amaze), they applied their understanding of mathematics and astronomy to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. They also developed a real 5._______(write) system. It was so complicated that no one has been able to interpret it 6.__________(complete) so far.
the
their
amazement
writing
completely
Summary
which
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Some research seems 7.___________(indicate) that the people themselves were to blame for the downfall, while others also suggest that 8._________ (nature) disasters many have led to the decline of it. Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation left many 9.__________(mystery) for people to solve. Meanwhile the rise and fall of the civilisation leave us thinking about our own past, present 10._____ future.
to indicate
natural
mysteries
and
Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
宾语从句
宾语从句
让步状语从句
过去分词短语作状语
宾语从句
过去分词短语作定语
宾语从句
过去分词短语作状语
与……相符，一致
Analyze the key points of the text
Para. 1
It isn’t difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America, Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing.
宾语从句
表语从句
现在分词短语作状语
主语从句
it作形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
Para. 2
They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing animals, people and objects and others representing syllables. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely.
非限制性定语从句
完全倒装句
结果状语从句
apply...to... 把……运用到……
with+宾语+现在分词
The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak. Yet, within just a couple of generations, it began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle. When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.
表语从句
时间状语从句
同位语从句，对fact的内容进行解释说明
Para. 3
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Was it a natural disaster A deadly disease Conflicts between cities Or was it a combination of several different factors Some research seems to indicate that Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
宾语从句
时间状语从句
动词不定式短语作定语，修饰the ability
it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语
在……中起作用
Para. 4
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places. These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and, ultimately, the downfall of the cities.
宾语从句
宾语从句
独立主格结构
宾语从句
定语从句
lead to 导致
Para. 5
Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
让步状语
现在分词作结果状语
leave+宾语+宾语补足语
成为废墟
Para. 6
Homework
Preview language points and recite the key points of the text.
Understanding ideas
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
Unit 5 Into the unknown
1. Understand the brilliant achievements of Maya civilisation, and find out the possible reasons for the decline and disappearance of Maya civilisation;
2. Perceive the language characteristics of the text, and grasp the structure and context of the text;
3. Cultivate truth-seeking spirit and awareness of protecting modern civilisation.
Four ancient civilisations are universally known by the world, such as Ancient India, Ancient Babylon, Ancient Egypt and Ancient China.
Lead-in
1. What do you know about these ancient civilisations
Besides, Ancient Greece and Ancient Roman play an important part in ancient civilisations.
2. What other ancient civilisations do you know of
Let’s enjoy a video and talk about the following question.
What do you know about Maya civilisation
The Maya civilization is famous for having the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as for its spectacular art, impressive architecture and mathematical and astronomical systems.
Let’s learn more about Maya civilisation and the mysteries behind it！
Pre-reading
Skim the title and the picture and predict what the passage may talk about.
_____________________________________________
The passage may talk about the mysteries of the Maya.
A. Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since
its rediscovery in the 19th century.
B. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya
to abandon most of their great cities.
C. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it
shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya
civilisation are among people.
D. Research also suggests that those natural disasters may
have led to the decline of the Maya.
E. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also
leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
F. Some research seems to indicate that the Maya people
themselves may have played a part in their downfall.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
While-reading
1. Match the topic sentence with each paragraph.
Fast-reading
The Mysteries of THE MAYA
Para. 1: (1)________________.
Para. 2: The (2) ____________ of Maya
civilisation.
Para. 3: The (3)________ of Maya civilization.
Paras. 4-5: The (4)_______ for the disappearance of Maya civilization.
Para. 4: (5)______
causes
Para. 5: (6)_______
causes
Para. 6: The mysteries of Maya civilisation remain to be (7)_______.
achievements
downfall
reasons
human
natural
solved
2. Complete the structure of the passage.
Introduce the topic
3. What type of text is this passage
A. Narration. B. Argumentation.
C. Exposition. D. A news report.
√
1. What is the author’s purpose in starting the passage with the story about William Gadoury
To introduce Maya civilisation.
To amuse the readers.
To emphasize the importance of Maya civilisation.
To inform us the location of the Maya city.
Careful-reading
Para. 1
√
2. How did William Gadoury find Maya cities
_________________________________________
By studying of ancient star charts and comparison.
3.What does the phrase “correspond to” mean
__________________________________________
Be consistent with.
4. What is the scholars’ attitude towards William Gadoury’s discovery
A. Incredible. B. Disapproving.
C. Favorable. D. Shocked.
√
5. What do we know about Gadoury from the first paragraph
A. He got support from the scholars.
B. He drew many ancient star charts.
C. He found the positions of 117 stars.
D. He was fascinated by Maya civilisation.
√
1. What does the word “complicated” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Difficult to understand.
B. Not known or identified.
C. Unexpected, surprising or strange.
D. Impossible or very difficult to believe.
Para. 2
√
2. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures
A. Who built them.
B. Why people built them.
C. When people built them.
D. How people built them without machinery.
√
3. What was the most amazing and unique achievement of the Maya at that time
A. The use of metal tools.
B. Their understanding of mathematics.
C. A true writing system.
D. Palaces and temples.
√
Achievements of the Maya
Building impressive (1)______________________________
Mathematics and astronomy
be applied to (2)________________
The Maya calendar accurate to (3)________________ per year
Writing system containing (4)______________________ with signs representing animals, people and objects and other (5)__________________.
palaces and temples, step pyramids
the Maya calendar
within 30 seconds
more than 800 characters
representing syllables
4. Organize information and fill in the chart.
The rise and fall of Maya civilisation
made its (1)
____________
incredible
By 700 AD
within a couple of generations
left to (4)____________ by the jungle
The remaining Maya people were living in (5)_______________.
technologically primitive
Maya civilisation was (2)____________
began to (3)_________
Europeans arrived
achievements
at its peak
decline
be taken back
small settlements
Organize information and fill in the blanks.
Para. 3
1. How does the author start Paragraph 4
A. By listing examples.
B. By asking questions.
C. By making a comparison.
D. By analysing causes.
Paras. 4-5
√
2. What played an important role in the decline of the Maya according to some research
A. Conflicts between cities.
B. The European settlers.
C. The spread of diseases.
D. The people themselves.
√
3. What made the Maya people reduce their ability to deal with natural disasters
A. The growth of the Maya population.
B. Not following the laws of nature to change the landscape.
C. Conflicts between foreign nationalities and local people.
D. More and more natural disasters struck Maya.
√
natural disasters
turned (2)________ into (3)______
dug (4)________________
Human causes
reduced the ability to deal with (1)______________
Natural causes
a series of (6)__________ between 700 AD and 1000 AD, each (7)__________________
_________________________
droughts
lasting for a couple of years
natural disasters
huge expansion of the (5)_________
population
fields
huge canal systems
wetlands
Possible reasons for collapse of Maya civilisation
4. Organize information and fill in the blanks.
What does the author mean by saying “Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve”？
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains to be studied further.
Para. 6
1. What lessons can you learn from the collapse of Maya civilisation？(Critical thinking)
Post-reading
Human beings should respect nature and not violate the law of its development. On the one hand, we should follow the natural law and believe in the survival of the fittest. On the other hand, we should actively transform the world around us and bravely fight against kinds of disasters as possible as we can.
Discussion
2. What can we do to help protect modern civilisations？(Creative
thinking)
We should attach great significance to our modern civilisations. As we all know, it is not so easy for us humans to have the civilisations that we have got today. We should spare no efforts to protect our modern civilisations. In no way should we make profits at the cost of our homeland.
Civilisations that we humans have created should be treasured. Protecting modern civilisations is protecting ourselves.
So it’s never wrong to think twice before taking action. We should always look into things first and consider our options.
Reflection
Maya civilisation has been a mystery since it was rediscovered in the 19th century. The Maya built many splendid structures, among 1.______ the step pyramids are 2._____ most famous. What puzzles people is how they built these structures with 3.______(they) own hands. To people’s 4.__________(amaze), they applied their understanding of mathematics and astronomy to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. They also developed a real 5._______(write) system. It was so complicated that no one has been able to interpret it 6.__________(complete) so far.
the
their
amazement
writing
completely
Summary
which
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Some research seems 7.___________(indicate) that the people themselves were to blame for the downfall, while others also suggest that 8._________ (nature) disasters many have led to the decline of it. Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation left many 9.__________(mystery) for people to solve. Meanwhile the rise and fall of the civilisation leave us thinking about our own past, present 10._____ future.
to indicate
natural
mysteries
and
Intrigued by Maya civilisation from a very young age, 15-year-old Canadian William Gadoury thought he had made an incredible discovery from his study of ancient star charts. Through comparison, he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars. Based on this, he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle. Although his theory has been dismissed by scholars, it shows how powerful the secrets of Ancient Maya civilisation are among people.
宾语从句
宾语从句
让步状语从句
过去分词短语作状语
宾语从句
过去分词短语作定语
宾语从句
过去分词短语作状语
与……相符，一致
Analyze the key points of the text
Para. 1
It isn’t difficult to see why. Extending south from parts of what we now know as Mexico into Central America, Maya civilisation has been surrounded by mystery since its rediscovery in the 19th century. The Maya built impressive palaces and temples, including their representative step pyramids. What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels, metal tools or even animal power. The Maya’s understanding of mathematics and astronomy was also quite amazing.
宾语从句
表语从句
现在分词短语作状语
主语从句
it作形式主语，动词不定式短语作真正的主语
Para. 2
They applied this understanding to the Maya calendar, which was accurate to within 30 seconds per year. On top of all this was an achievement unique in the Americas at that time: a true writing system. It contained more than 800 characters, with some signs representing animals, people and objects and others representing syllables. It was a writing system so complicated that, so far, no one has been able to interpret it completely.
非限制性定语从句
完全倒装句
结果状语从句
apply...to... 把……运用到……
with+宾语+现在分词
The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious. But the greatest mystery of all is what caused the Maya to abandon most of their great cities. By 700 AD, Maya civilisation was at its peak. Yet, within just a couple of generations, it began to mysteriously decline. The cities were left to be taken back by the jungle. When Europeans arrived in Central America in the early 16th century to claim its riches, the remaining Maya people were living in small settlements.
表语从句
时间状语从句
同位语从句，对fact的内容进行解释说明
Para. 3
Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery. Was it a natural disaster A deadly disease Conflicts between cities Or was it a combination of several different factors Some research seems to indicate that Maya people themselves may have played a part in their downfall. They had turned wetlands into fields for growing grains, and had dug huge canal systems. As their population expanded, yet more land was needed for agriculture and more trees for construction. By changing the landscape in this way, it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
宾语从句
时间状语从句
动词不定式短语作定语，修饰the ability
it作形式主语，that引导的从句作真正的主语
在……中起作用
Para. 4
Research also suggests that those natural disasters may have led to the decline of the Maya. Some recent studies have found that there were far fewer tropical cyclones than usual between 700 AD and 1000 AD. This is likely to have led to a series of droughts, each lasting for a couple of years, including a “megadrought” around 900 AD. Many scientists believe that these droughts were the main reason why Maya civilisation began to collapse at different rates in different places. These droughts would have led to food shortages, conflicts and, ultimately, the downfall of the cities.
宾语从句
宾语从句
独立主格结构
宾语从句
定语从句
lead to 导致
Para. 5
Whatever the reasons, Maya civilisation largely disappeared within the deep jungle. Its once-great cities fell into ruin, leaving various mysteries for later people to solve. Meanwhile, the rise and fall of this civilisation must also leave us thinking about our own past, present and future.
让步状语
现在分词作结果状语
leave+宾语+宾语补足语
成为废墟
Para. 6
Homework
Preview language points and recite the key points of the text.