2024届高三下学期英语阅读态度题专项 学案（含答案）
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小心谨慎附加野心勃勃态度题专练
【理论储备】
在英语阅读中，涉及小心谨慎和野心勃勃的态度题往往要求读者深入理解和分析文本中作者或角色的观点、情感和态度。以下是解决这类问题的一些有效方法：
一、识别关键词和短语
仔细阅读文本，特别注意那些表达观点、情感或态度的词汇和短语，如“谨慎地”、“小心翼翼地”、“野心勃勃地”等。
注意文本中的形容词、副词和动词，它们通常能够传达作者或角色的态度。
二、理解上下文
将关键词和短语置于整个句子或段落中进行理解，避免断章取义。
注意上下文中的逻辑关系，如因果、转折等，它们有助于理解作者或角色的态度转变或强调。
三、分析作者或角色的立场和观点
思考作者或角色在文本中表达的立场和观点，以及这些立场和观点如何与小心谨慎或野心勃勃的态度相联系。
分析文本中的例子、论据或事实，看它们是如何支持或反驳作者或角色的态度的。
四、比较和对比不同观点
如果文本中涉及多个角色或观点，要注意比较和对比它们之间的异同。
关注那些对小心谨慎或野心勃勃的态度持有不同看法的部分，这有助于深入理解文本中态度的多样性。
五、注意作者或角色的情感表达
细心体会文本中的情感色彩，如积极、消极、中立等，这有助于判断作者或角色的态度倾向。
关注文本中的修辞手法，如比喻、夸张等，它们可能暗示着作者或角色的情感态度。
六、结合问题进行推理和判断
仔细阅读问题，明确问题的要求，确保自己的回答与问题紧密相关。
根据上述分析，结合文本内容，进行推理和判断，得出关于小心谨慎或野心勃勃态度的结论。
通过以上方法，我们可以更加深入地理解和分析英语阅读中涉及小心谨慎、野心勃勃的态度题，从而提高我们的阅读理解能力和解题能力。
【对点训练】
（2023上·湖北襄阳·高一校联考期中）ChatGPT is an AI chatbot (智能聊天程序) from OpenAI, an AI technology company In San Francisco. It can produce any kind of writing as required. Many schools are afraid that ChatGPT could result in dishonesty and harm learning. So the tool, called AI Text Classifier from the same maker, is invented. Its task is to decide whether the writing was produced by students or by AI programs.
OpenAI warns that its new tool—like others already in use—is not perfect. The method for detecting AI-written writing “will be wrong sometimes,” said Jan Leike of OpenAI. “Because of that,” he added, “it shouldn’t be only relied upon when making decisions.”
Teenagers and college students were among the millions of people who began experimenting with ChatGPT after it was put into use on November 30. The tool is a free service on OpenAI’s website. Many people have found ways to use it creatively and harmlessly. Still, some teachers are worried that it could be used to cheat.
So far public schools in some cities, such as New York City and Los Angeles, began to block (阻止) its use in classrooms and on school computers. Public schools in Seattle blocked ChatGPT on all school computers but then opened it to teachers. One spokesman Tim Robinson said teachers wanted to use ChatGPT as a teaching tool. “We can’t afford to ignore (忽视) it,” Robinson said. Students could also use the service as a “personal teacher” or to help create ideas when doing homework, Robinson said.
OpenAI talked about its new tool on a blog recently. But the company added that the tool could help to find some mistakes in writing as well as catch cheating. The longer a piece of writing is, the better the tool is at deciding whether an AI system or a human wrote something.
1．Who are more likely to use AI Text Classifier
A．Students. B．Teachers. C．Parents. D．Writers.
2．What is Leike’s attitude towards AI Text Classifier
A．Positive. B．Unconcerned C．Cautious D．Satisfied
3．Why are some teachers worried about ChatGPT
A．It costs the users a lot of money. B．It often makes wrong decisions.
C．They can’t use it as a teaching tool. D．Students will take advantage of it to cheat.
4．What can we learn from the example of ChatGPT
A．Every coin has its two sides. B．Rome was not built in one day.
C．A good beginning is half done. D．A bit is better than nothing.
（2023上·河北保定·高三统考期中）An amazing human-like robot that had been programmed to socially interact with human companions tricked people into thinking that the machine had independent ideas of its own, according to a new study. The robot named “iCub” is a child-size human-like robot created by the Italian Institute of Technology to study social interactions between humans and robots. Standing 3.6 feet tall, iCub with camera eyes can complete complex tasks and imitate (模仿) human behaviors.
In the new study, researchers programmed iCub to interact with human participants as they watched a series of short videos. The participants were divided into two groups. In one trial, involving Group 1, iCub was programmed to behave in a human-like manner, greeting participants as they entered the room, and reacting to videos with sounds of joy, surprise, etc. In the other trial, involving Group 2, iCub’s programming directed it to behave more like a machine, ignoring nearby humans and merely making typical robotic beeping sounds.
The researchers found that people who were exposed to the more human-like version of iCub were more likely to view it with a perspective (视角) known as “the intentional stance”, meaning they believed that the robot had its own thoughts and desires, while those who were exposed to the less human-like version of iCub viewed it as just a programmed robot. The researchers had expected that this would happen but were “very surprised” by how well it worked. “The iCub robot does have a limited capacity to “learn” like a neural (神经的) network, but it is far from being self-aware”, the researchers said.
“These findings show that humans can form social connections with robots. This could have implications for the use of robots in healthcare, especially for elderly patients”, the researchers said. “However, there is still much to learn about human-robot interactions and social bonding. The research in this field requires thousands of experiments and social recognition, so there is a long way to go”, Professor Ann Williams warned.
5．What’s the purpose of the iCub robot trial
A．To draw people’s attention to the Italian Institute of Technology.
B．To study social interactions between humans and robots.
C．To show how iCub reacts to people’s different behaviors.
D．To trick people into thinking robots have independent ideas.
6．What’s the impression of Group 1 human participants about iCub
A．It has self-awareness.
B．It is just an AI robot.
C．It is far from being intelligent.
D．It is quite capable of communicating.
7．What do the researchers think of their findings
A．They could pose a threat to social bonding.
B．They will urge people to form social connections.
C．They may have practical applications in daily life.
D．They will accelerate the process of human-robot communication.
8．What is professor Ann Williams’ attitude toward the study
A．Pessimistic. B．Cautious. C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful.
（2023上·山东济宁·高三统考期中）Good news, coffee lovers: Your daily cup of Joe might be doing good to your heart, namely by helping to reduce the risk of heart failure, suggest the findings of a new study. In an analysis of data from three large studies on the topic, researchers found that those who reported drinking one or more cups of caffeinated coffee a day had “a related decreased long-term heart failure risk”.
For the report published in Circulation: Heart Failure, researchers used machine learning to examine data from a large study from the Framingham Heart Study, referencing this data against two other studies. “Each study included at least 10 years of follow-up, and altogether the studies provided information on more than 21,000 U. S. adult participants,” researchers said.
When analyzing the Framingham Heart Study, researchers noted that when compared to non-coffee drinkers, coffee drinkers’ risk of heart failure decreased by 5% to 12% for each cup they drank each day. As for decaffeinated coffee, researchers noted that it did, not have the same benefits as caffeinated coffee, with one study suggesting that decaffeinated coffee may have an opposite effect.
Dr. David Kao, senior study author, said in a statement, “The relation between caffeine and heart failure risk reduction was surprising. Coffee and caffeine are often considered by the general population to be ‘bad’ for the heart because people relate them to health problems like palpitations, high blood pressure, etc. The relationship between increasing caffeine consumption and decreasing heart failure risk turns that thought on its head.”
“However, there is not yet enough clear evidence to prove that increasing coffee consumption can decrease the risk of heart disease with the same strength and certainty as stopping smoking, losing weight, or exercising,” Kao noted. The researchers also warned that the findings only focused on black coffee, that is, plain coffee, without added sugar and high-fat dairy products such as cream.
9．What’s the finding of the new study
A．The number of heart failure cases has decreased gradually.
B．Coffee can help lower the possibility of heart failure.
C．Caffeine does harm to people’s health.
D．Coffee helps cure heart disease.
10．How did researchers achieve their finding
A．By comparing data from long-term studies. B．By interviewing experts about their opinions.
C．By conducting surveys among young adults. D．By searching online for detailed information.
11．What can directly affect the result of the study
A．The brand of coffee. B．The addition of caffeine to coffee.
C．The age of the subjects. D．The amount of coffee consumption.
12．What is Dr. Kao’s attitude towards the result
A．Cautious. B．Positive. C．Curious. D．Indifferent.
（2023上·广东江门·高三统考阶段练习）A computer model created by researchers can detect ChatGPT-generated fake studies with great accuracy, a new study shows. This implies that although the artificial intelligence(AI)chatbot ChatGPT may be a decent imitator of human workers in several fields, scientific research is not one of them.
In the new study, published June 7 in the journal Cell Reports Physical Science, researchers created a new computer learning program to tell the differences between real scientific papers and fake examples written by ChatGPT. The scientists trained the program to identify key differences between 64 real studies published in the journal Science and 128 papers created by ChatGPT using the same 64 papers as a prompt.
The team then tested how well their model could distinguish between a group of real papers and ChatGPT-generated papers, which included 60 real papers from the journal Science and 120 AI-generated papers. The program marked the AI-written papers more than 99%of the time and could correctly tell the differences between human-written and chatbot-written paragraphs 92%of the time.
ChatGPT-generated papers differed from human text in four key ways: paragraph complexity, sentence-level diversity in length, punctuation marks and “popular words”. For example, human authors write longer and more complex paragraphs, while the AI papers used punctuation that is not found in real papers, such as exclamation marks.
Creating computer programs to tell real papers from AI-generated ones is important because previous studies have hinted that humans may not be as good at spotting the differences and AI is still capable of fooling some humans with its science writing.
The researchers of the new study say they are pleased that their program is effective at weeding out fake papers but warn it is only a proof of concept. Much more wide-scale studies are needed to create better models that are even more reliable and can be trained to specific scientific disciplines to maintain the integrity of the scientific method.
13．Which of the following statements may be true according to the passage
A．Paragraphs created by ChatGPT are shorter and easier.
B．Every human behaviour can be imitated by ChatGPT.
C．AI-generated papers can be correctly recognized by humans.
D．Humans are better at telling real papers from AI-generated ones.
14．What does the figures in Para.3 indicate
A．The complexity of the test.
B．The importance of AI-generated papers.
C．The effectiveness of the computer model.
D．A perfect match between AI-generated papers and real papers.
15．What may be the the researchers’ attitudes towards the computer program
A．Favorable. B．Pessimistic. C．Skeptical. D．Cautious.
16．What does the author mainly talk about in the text
A．The application of ChatGPT in paper writing.
B．A computer program to identify.AI-generated papers.
C．The difference between AI-generated papers and real papers.
D．Possibility for ChatGPT to create convincing scientific papers.
（2023上·江苏扬州·高二统考阶段练习）With the advancement in AI technology, people are debating the boundary between robot and man: Will robots become more intelligent and eventually replace humans Rather, what we really need to worry about is actually “men being forced to become machines”.
The tasks of takeout riders are controlled by an invisible hand — the intelligent distribution system. “To make the riders more focused on food delivery, this system replaces our human logic to the maximum extent possible.” The riders don’t need to think but have to follow the guide of the system. All they have to do is riding as fast as possible. The navigation (导航) system charts the “best route” — to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road — which, of course, promises the shortest delivery time. That is why these riders have to race against time as they over-speed, run red lights and go on the wrong road; they have to be faster, and faster. Their actions may be against the traffic law, but they are pushed by the pressure of “system time”. Takeout riders are just individuals who labor with their time, and they can’t go against the “system time”, so all they have to do is speeding. The riders’ physical conditions and the weather are completely invisible to the “intelligent distribution system”.
The scariest part of the system is that it is not only the platform, but the riders themselves that push them to go faster and faster. Every order they’ve delivered has been uploaded to the cloud data of the platform, and the algorithm (算法) will calculate the speed limit of the riders. When everyone gets faster and faster, the algorithm will speed them up accordingly.
Of course, each one of us can be a number in statistics, but “a person” can never be just a number. Algorithms can be cold, but human-beings are not. Data, as a tool, should serve people, but not enslave them.
Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness.
17．According to the passage, what can we learn about the technology
A．Robots has become more intelligent and taken place of humans.
B．AI technology are quickening takeout riding with navigation system.
C．The navigation system hasn’t yet mapped out the best route for these riders.
D．Algorithms will speed takeout riders up appropriately depending on weather.
18．What does the underlined word “chart” in paragraph 2
A．To make a map of B．To follow the progress of
C．To plan an action of D．To be ranked on a list of
19．What do the take-out riders often NOT do to ensure the shortest delivery time
A．Over-speeding B．Running red lights
C．Going on the wrong road D．Keeping traffic rules
20．According to the last two paragraphs, what attitude should we hold towards technology
A．Supportive B．Cautious C．Negative D．Doubtful
（2023上·四川成都·高一校考阶段练习）When we meet someone for the first time, we usually get a vague sense of what kind of person they are by the way they shake hands, talk, or walk. In the age of social networking, however, first impressions are sometimes made even before we actually meet someone in person -- that is, by looking at their profile photo.
According to a recent study, these social images say a lot about our personality. In the study, a group of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania in the US used software to analyze the profile pictures of 66,000 users of one US social platform. At the same time, about 434 participants were asked to complete a survey about their personality type.
According to the results, open people are more likely to pose in an unusual way and use objects such as glasses or a guitar in their profile photo because they enjoy new and exciting experiences. Meanwhile, neurotic people often hold back their negative emotions. They try to avoid showing their face; instead, they use an image of something like a pet, a car, or a building. That’s because neurotic people are strongly influenced by the ‘‘strong social norm (规范) against a very sad or angry appearance in profile pictures.’’
Apart from the objects in profile pictures, the colors used in them also give us some information about the photo’s owner. For example, extraverts were found to have the most colorful profile images, as they want to emphasize their personality and show themselves off.
Daniel Preoiuc-Pietro from the University of Pennsylvania wrote in the research paper, ‘‘Social media photos usually represent an extension of one’s self, but they also allow a user to shape his or her own personality and idealized view.’’ So, when choosing a profile photo, maybe we should ask ourselves first what kind of image we’d like to show. After all, first impressions always last.
21．Why do neurotic people often avoid showing their face in their profile photo
A．Because they are fond of pets, cars and buildings.
B．Because they want to enjoy new experiences.
C．Because they don’t want to show their negative emotions.
D．Because they are not confident about themselves.
22．What does the underlined word in Para.4 refer to
A．Open people. B．Neurotic people.
C．Negative people. D．Popular people.
23．What is the writer’s attitude towards the choice of a profile photo
A．Casual. B．Cautious. C．Worried. D．Unclear.
24．What does this text mainly talk about
A．The importance of the first impression.
B．Some advice on how to choose a profile photo.
C．The difference between open people and neurotic people.
D．The relationship between one’s profile photo and his personality.
（2023上·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）The 2010s brought no shortage of miraculous technologies, from tablet computers to 4G mobile internet. But these had surprisingly little effect on the economy. During that decade productivity growth in the developed countries averaged a miserable (少得可怜的) 1% a year, holding down average wages. Innovative firms embraced new tech, but many less adventurous ones did not bother. The experience showed that technological breakthroughs and improvements in average living standards do not always go hand in hand.
Generative AI, its developers say, will be different. Not since the invention of the internet has a new technology so captured the public imagination. The technology is consumer-friendly: within days of its release to the public, Chat GPT, the most famous AI chat bot, had millions of users. It is easy to see how this innovation could improve all types of work at all types of firms, from increasing the accuracy of doctors’ diagnoses to helping programmers write software code more efficiently.
With that said, for AI to truly spread out in the economy, it needs to make its mark beyond the most innovative companies. And this will take time. Although the internet began to be used by some companies in the early 1990s, it was not until the late 2000s that two-thirds of American businesses had a website. About 70 world’s largest firms still show no interest in AI, according to our analysis. Some evidence even suggests that usage of Chat GPT and its competitors is falling — perhaps as people have tried it out, and then decided it is not for them.
Indeed, even the most powerful technologies take time to be adopted, because companies tend to use a mix of software and services, some of which may be years or even decades old. Replacing outdated systems can be costly and complicated. Moreover, in the many industries either run or heavily regulated by the government, such as healthcare, education and construction, bosses and trade unions often resist the application of new technology, worried that it will lead to job losses. In time AI could well transform how people live their lives and do their jobs. But the road to widespread usage, and any resulting productivity boom, will be a long one.
25．What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A．How productivity affects average wages.
B．Why the 2010s is a productive decade.
C．Whether economic growth follows new technologies.
D．What innovative companies care for.
26．What does the author want to indicate by mentioning Chat GPT in paragraph 2
A．AI’s public imagination. B．Consumers’ enthusiasm.
C．AI’s healthy profits. D．AI’s huge potential.
27．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．Big firms are less motivated to adopt new tech.
B．More efforts are needed to advocate AI.
C．Chat GPT is falling behind its competitors.
D．Websites were uncommon in the early 2000s.
28．Which word best describes the author’s attitude towards the future of AI
A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Cautious. D．Pessimistic.
（2011·北京·高考真题）As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electhical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）systen for the 21th century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the suurouding community. The same is true of big solar ppants and the power lines that will be laid dowm to move electricity around.
The 19th century saw land grants（政府拨地）offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads ,leaving public land in between privately owned land . In much of the west ,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped ,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management ,with the completion or the interstate highway system ,many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well ,have lost their lifeblood and died .
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west .this is not an argument against building then ,we need alternative energy badly .and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now .
So trade-offs will have to be made .some scenic sport will be sacrificed .some species (物种)will be forced to move ,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations ,deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects .
The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter .the 21st century development of the American west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good .but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind ,just like the railroad and the highway .
The money set aside in negotiated trade –offs and the institution that control will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines .so let’s remember the effects of the railroad and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west .
29．what was the problem caused by the construction of the railways
A．small towns along the railways became abandoned .
B．some railroad stops remained .
C．land in the west was hard to manage .
D．land grants went into private hands.
30．what is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs
A．the transmission of power B．the use of money and power
C．the conservation of solar energy D．the selection of an ideal place
31．what is the author ‘s attitude towards building solar plants
A．cautious B．approving C．doubtful D．disapproving
32．which is the best title for the passage
A．how the railways have affected the west
B．how solar energy could reshape the west
C．how the effects of power plants can be reduced
D．how the problems of the highways have been settled
（2022·广东湛江·高三湛江一中校联考专题练习）In order to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius — a suggested safe threshold (阈值，界限) — carbon neutrality by mid-21st century is essential. This target is also laid down in the Paris agreement signed by 195 countries, including the EU, which aims to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible and to undertake rapid reductions.
Carbon neutrality means having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks. Removing carbon oxide from the atmosphere and then storing it is known as carbon sequestration (碳封存). In order to achieve net zero emissions, all worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will have to be counterbalanced (抵消) by carbon sequestration.
Carbon sink is any system that absorbs more carbon than it emits. The main natural carbon sinks are soil, forests and oceans. According to estimates, natural sinks remove between 9.5 and 11 Gt of CO2 per year. Annual global CO2 emissions reached 38.0 Gt in 2019. Moreover, no artificial carbon sinks are able to remove carbon from the atmosphere on the necessary scale to fight global warming at present. The carbon stored in natural sinks such as forests is released into the atmosphere through forest fires, changes in land use or logging. This is why it is essential to reduce carbon emissions in order to reach climate neutrality.
Another way to reduce emissions and to pursue carbon neutrality is to offset (补偿) emissions made in one sector by reducing them somewhere else. This can be done through investment in renewable energy, energy efficiency or other clean, low-carbon technologies.
The European Union is committed to achieving the carbon neutrality by 2050. Under the Green Deal it aims to become the first continent that removes as many CO2 emissions as it produces by 2050. On 7 October 2020, the European Parliament backed climate neutrality by 2050 and a 60% emission reduction target by 2030 compared to 1990 levels — more than Commission’s proposal of 55%.
In addition, members called for all EU countries individually to become climate neutral and insisted that after 2050, more CO2 should be removed from atmosphere than is emitted. Also, all direct or indirect subsidies (补贴) to fossil fuels should be canceled by 2025 at the latest.
33．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic. B．To present a fact.
C．To explain an agreement. D．To define a concept.
34．What would happen if carbon neutrality is achieved
A．There will be no carbon emission.
B．The carbon emission will reach its peak.
C．The temperature will rise within 1.5 degrees Celsius.
D．The amount of production of CO2 will equal its removal.
35．Why are carbon sinks alone unable to achieve carbon neutrality
A．Because they release more CO2 than they take in.
B．Because man-made ones couldn’t replace natural ones.
C．Because there aren’t enough of them.
D．Because people are destroying them.
36．What is the EU’s attitude towards its carbon goal
A．Pessimistic. B．Indifferent.
C．Unclear. D．Ambitious.
答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B
9．B 10．A 11．B 12．A
13．A 14．C 15．D 16．B
17．B 18．A 19．D 20．B
21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D
25．C 26．D 27．B 28．C
29．C 30．B 31．A 32．B
33．A 34．D 35．C 36．D
【理论储备】
在英语阅读中，涉及小心谨慎和野心勃勃的态度题往往要求读者深入理解和分析文本中作者或角色的观点、情感和态度。以下是解决这类问题的一些有效方法：
一、识别关键词和短语
仔细阅读文本，特别注意那些表达观点、情感或态度的词汇和短语，如“谨慎地”、“小心翼翼地”、“野心勃勃地”等。
注意文本中的形容词、副词和动词，它们通常能够传达作者或角色的态度。
二、理解上下文
将关键词和短语置于整个句子或段落中进行理解，避免断章取义。
注意上下文中的逻辑关系，如因果、转折等，它们有助于理解作者或角色的态度转变或强调。
三、分析作者或角色的立场和观点
思考作者或角色在文本中表达的立场和观点，以及这些立场和观点如何与小心谨慎或野心勃勃的态度相联系。
分析文本中的例子、论据或事实，看它们是如何支持或反驳作者或角色的态度的。
四、比较和对比不同观点
如果文本中涉及多个角色或观点，要注意比较和对比它们之间的异同。
关注那些对小心谨慎或野心勃勃的态度持有不同看法的部分，这有助于深入理解文本中态度的多样性。
五、注意作者或角色的情感表达
细心体会文本中的情感色彩，如积极、消极、中立等，这有助于判断作者或角色的态度倾向。
关注文本中的修辞手法，如比喻、夸张等，它们可能暗示着作者或角色的情感态度。
六、结合问题进行推理和判断
仔细阅读问题，明确问题的要求，确保自己的回答与问题紧密相关。
根据上述分析，结合文本内容，进行推理和判断，得出关于小心谨慎或野心勃勃态度的结论。
通过以上方法，我们可以更加深入地理解和分析英语阅读中涉及小心谨慎、野心勃勃的态度题，从而提高我们的阅读理解能力和解题能力。
【对点训练】
（2023上·湖北襄阳·高一校联考期中）ChatGPT is an AI chatbot (智能聊天程序) from OpenAI, an AI technology company In San Francisco. It can produce any kind of writing as required. Many schools are afraid that ChatGPT could result in dishonesty and harm learning. So the tool, called AI Text Classifier from the same maker, is invented. Its task is to decide whether the writing was produced by students or by AI programs.
OpenAI warns that its new tool—like others already in use—is not perfect. The method for detecting AI-written writing “will be wrong sometimes,” said Jan Leike of OpenAI. “Because of that,” he added, “it shouldn’t be only relied upon when making decisions.”
Teenagers and college students were among the millions of people who began experimenting with ChatGPT after it was put into use on November 30. The tool is a free service on OpenAI’s website. Many people have found ways to use it creatively and harmlessly. Still, some teachers are worried that it could be used to cheat.
So far public schools in some cities, such as New York City and Los Angeles, began to block (阻止) its use in classrooms and on school computers. Public schools in Seattle blocked ChatGPT on all school computers but then opened it to teachers. One spokesman Tim Robinson said teachers wanted to use ChatGPT as a teaching tool. “We can’t afford to ignore (忽视) it,” Robinson said. Students could also use the service as a “personal teacher” or to help create ideas when doing homework, Robinson said.
OpenAI talked about its new tool on a blog recently. But the company added that the tool could help to find some mistakes in writing as well as catch cheating. The longer a piece of writing is, the better the tool is at deciding whether an AI system or a human wrote something.
1．Who are more likely to use AI Text Classifier
A．Students. B．Teachers. C．Parents. D．Writers.
2．What is Leike’s attitude towards AI Text Classifier
A．Positive. B．Unconcerned C．Cautious D．Satisfied
3．Why are some teachers worried about ChatGPT
A．It costs the users a lot of money. B．It often makes wrong decisions.
C．They can’t use it as a teaching tool. D．Students will take advantage of it to cheat.
4．What can we learn from the example of ChatGPT
A．Every coin has its two sides. B．Rome was not built in one day.
C．A good beginning is half done. D．A bit is better than nothing.
（2023上·河北保定·高三统考期中）An amazing human-like robot that had been programmed to socially interact with human companions tricked people into thinking that the machine had independent ideas of its own, according to a new study. The robot named “iCub” is a child-size human-like robot created by the Italian Institute of Technology to study social interactions between humans and robots. Standing 3.6 feet tall, iCub with camera eyes can complete complex tasks and imitate (模仿) human behaviors.
In the new study, researchers programmed iCub to interact with human participants as they watched a series of short videos. The participants were divided into two groups. In one trial, involving Group 1, iCub was programmed to behave in a human-like manner, greeting participants as they entered the room, and reacting to videos with sounds of joy, surprise, etc. In the other trial, involving Group 2, iCub’s programming directed it to behave more like a machine, ignoring nearby humans and merely making typical robotic beeping sounds.
The researchers found that people who were exposed to the more human-like version of iCub were more likely to view it with a perspective (视角) known as “the intentional stance”, meaning they believed that the robot had its own thoughts and desires, while those who were exposed to the less human-like version of iCub viewed it as just a programmed robot. The researchers had expected that this would happen but were “very surprised” by how well it worked. “The iCub robot does have a limited capacity to “learn” like a neural (神经的) network, but it is far from being self-aware”, the researchers said.
“These findings show that humans can form social connections with robots. This could have implications for the use of robots in healthcare, especially for elderly patients”, the researchers said. “However, there is still much to learn about human-robot interactions and social bonding. The research in this field requires thousands of experiments and social recognition, so there is a long way to go”, Professor Ann Williams warned.
5．What’s the purpose of the iCub robot trial
A．To draw people’s attention to the Italian Institute of Technology.
B．To study social interactions between humans and robots.
C．To show how iCub reacts to people’s different behaviors.
D．To trick people into thinking robots have independent ideas.
6．What’s the impression of Group 1 human participants about iCub
A．It has self-awareness.
B．It is just an AI robot.
C．It is far from being intelligent.
D．It is quite capable of communicating.
7．What do the researchers think of their findings
A．They could pose a threat to social bonding.
B．They will urge people to form social connections.
C．They may have practical applications in daily life.
D．They will accelerate the process of human-robot communication.
8．What is professor Ann Williams’ attitude toward the study
A．Pessimistic. B．Cautious. C．Uncaring. D．Doubtful.
（2023上·山东济宁·高三统考期中）Good news, coffee lovers: Your daily cup of Joe might be doing good to your heart, namely by helping to reduce the risk of heart failure, suggest the findings of a new study. In an analysis of data from three large studies on the topic, researchers found that those who reported drinking one or more cups of caffeinated coffee a day had “a related decreased long-term heart failure risk”.
For the report published in Circulation: Heart Failure, researchers used machine learning to examine data from a large study from the Framingham Heart Study, referencing this data against two other studies. “Each study included at least 10 years of follow-up, and altogether the studies provided information on more than 21,000 U. S. adult participants,” researchers said.
When analyzing the Framingham Heart Study, researchers noted that when compared to non-coffee drinkers, coffee drinkers’ risk of heart failure decreased by 5% to 12% for each cup they drank each day. As for decaffeinated coffee, researchers noted that it did, not have the same benefits as caffeinated coffee, with one study suggesting that decaffeinated coffee may have an opposite effect.
Dr. David Kao, senior study author, said in a statement, “The relation between caffeine and heart failure risk reduction was surprising. Coffee and caffeine are often considered by the general population to be ‘bad’ for the heart because people relate them to health problems like palpitations, high blood pressure, etc. The relationship between increasing caffeine consumption and decreasing heart failure risk turns that thought on its head.”
“However, there is not yet enough clear evidence to prove that increasing coffee consumption can decrease the risk of heart disease with the same strength and certainty as stopping smoking, losing weight, or exercising,” Kao noted. The researchers also warned that the findings only focused on black coffee, that is, plain coffee, without added sugar and high-fat dairy products such as cream.
9．What’s the finding of the new study
A．The number of heart failure cases has decreased gradually.
B．Coffee can help lower the possibility of heart failure.
C．Caffeine does harm to people’s health.
D．Coffee helps cure heart disease.
10．How did researchers achieve their finding
A．By comparing data from long-term studies. B．By interviewing experts about their opinions.
C．By conducting surveys among young adults. D．By searching online for detailed information.
11．What can directly affect the result of the study
A．The brand of coffee. B．The addition of caffeine to coffee.
C．The age of the subjects. D．The amount of coffee consumption.
12．What is Dr. Kao’s attitude towards the result
A．Cautious. B．Positive. C．Curious. D．Indifferent.
（2023上·广东江门·高三统考阶段练习）A computer model created by researchers can detect ChatGPT-generated fake studies with great accuracy, a new study shows. This implies that although the artificial intelligence(AI)chatbot ChatGPT may be a decent imitator of human workers in several fields, scientific research is not one of them.
In the new study, published June 7 in the journal Cell Reports Physical Science, researchers created a new computer learning program to tell the differences between real scientific papers and fake examples written by ChatGPT. The scientists trained the program to identify key differences between 64 real studies published in the journal Science and 128 papers created by ChatGPT using the same 64 papers as a prompt.
The team then tested how well their model could distinguish between a group of real papers and ChatGPT-generated papers, which included 60 real papers from the journal Science and 120 AI-generated papers. The program marked the AI-written papers more than 99%of the time and could correctly tell the differences between human-written and chatbot-written paragraphs 92%of the time.
ChatGPT-generated papers differed from human text in four key ways: paragraph complexity, sentence-level diversity in length, punctuation marks and “popular words”. For example, human authors write longer and more complex paragraphs, while the AI papers used punctuation that is not found in real papers, such as exclamation marks.
Creating computer programs to tell real papers from AI-generated ones is important because previous studies have hinted that humans may not be as good at spotting the differences and AI is still capable of fooling some humans with its science writing.
The researchers of the new study say they are pleased that their program is effective at weeding out fake papers but warn it is only a proof of concept. Much more wide-scale studies are needed to create better models that are even more reliable and can be trained to specific scientific disciplines to maintain the integrity of the scientific method.
13．Which of the following statements may be true according to the passage
A．Paragraphs created by ChatGPT are shorter and easier.
B．Every human behaviour can be imitated by ChatGPT.
C．AI-generated papers can be correctly recognized by humans.
D．Humans are better at telling real papers from AI-generated ones.
14．What does the figures in Para.3 indicate
A．The complexity of the test.
B．The importance of AI-generated papers.
C．The effectiveness of the computer model.
D．A perfect match between AI-generated papers and real papers.
15．What may be the the researchers’ attitudes towards the computer program
A．Favorable. B．Pessimistic. C．Skeptical. D．Cautious.
16．What does the author mainly talk about in the text
A．The application of ChatGPT in paper writing.
B．A computer program to identify.AI-generated papers.
C．The difference between AI-generated papers and real papers.
D．Possibility for ChatGPT to create convincing scientific papers.
（2023上·江苏扬州·高二统考阶段练习）With the advancement in AI technology, people are debating the boundary between robot and man: Will robots become more intelligent and eventually replace humans Rather, what we really need to worry about is actually “men being forced to become machines”.
The tasks of takeout riders are controlled by an invisible hand — the intelligent distribution system. “To make the riders more focused on food delivery, this system replaces our human logic to the maximum extent possible.” The riders don’t need to think but have to follow the guide of the system. All they have to do is riding as fast as possible. The navigation (导航) system charts the “best route” — to go over an overpass, through a fence, or even on the wrong side of the road — which, of course, promises the shortest delivery time. That is why these riders have to race against time as they over-speed, run red lights and go on the wrong road; they have to be faster, and faster. Their actions may be against the traffic law, but they are pushed by the pressure of “system time”. Takeout riders are just individuals who labor with their time, and they can’t go against the “system time”, so all they have to do is speeding. The riders’ physical conditions and the weather are completely invisible to the “intelligent distribution system”.
The scariest part of the system is that it is not only the platform, but the riders themselves that push them to go faster and faster. Every order they’ve delivered has been uploaded to the cloud data of the platform, and the algorithm (算法) will calculate the speed limit of the riders. When everyone gets faster and faster, the algorithm will speed them up accordingly.
Of course, each one of us can be a number in statistics, but “a person” can never be just a number. Algorithms can be cold, but human-beings are not. Data, as a tool, should serve people, but not enslave them.
Technology keeps moving forward, but it also should be moving toward kindness.
17．According to the passage, what can we learn about the technology
A．Robots has become more intelligent and taken place of humans.
B．AI technology are quickening takeout riding with navigation system.
C．The navigation system hasn’t yet mapped out the best route for these riders.
D．Algorithms will speed takeout riders up appropriately depending on weather.
18．What does the underlined word “chart” in paragraph 2
A．To make a map of B．To follow the progress of
C．To plan an action of D．To be ranked on a list of
19．What do the take-out riders often NOT do to ensure the shortest delivery time
A．Over-speeding B．Running red lights
C．Going on the wrong road D．Keeping traffic rules
20．According to the last two paragraphs, what attitude should we hold towards technology
A．Supportive B．Cautious C．Negative D．Doubtful
（2023上·四川成都·高一校考阶段练习）When we meet someone for the first time, we usually get a vague sense of what kind of person they are by the way they shake hands, talk, or walk. In the age of social networking, however, first impressions are sometimes made even before we actually meet someone in person -- that is, by looking at their profile photo.
According to a recent study, these social images say a lot about our personality. In the study, a group of researchers from the University of Pennsylvania in the US used software to analyze the profile pictures of 66,000 users of one US social platform. At the same time, about 434 participants were asked to complete a survey about their personality type.
According to the results, open people are more likely to pose in an unusual way and use objects such as glasses or a guitar in their profile photo because they enjoy new and exciting experiences. Meanwhile, neurotic people often hold back their negative emotions. They try to avoid showing their face; instead, they use an image of something like a pet, a car, or a building. That’s because neurotic people are strongly influenced by the ‘‘strong social norm (规范) against a very sad or angry appearance in profile pictures.’’
Apart from the objects in profile pictures, the colors used in them also give us some information about the photo’s owner. For example, extraverts were found to have the most colorful profile images, as they want to emphasize their personality and show themselves off.
Daniel Preoiuc-Pietro from the University of Pennsylvania wrote in the research paper, ‘‘Social media photos usually represent an extension of one’s self, but they also allow a user to shape his or her own personality and idealized view.’’ So, when choosing a profile photo, maybe we should ask ourselves first what kind of image we’d like to show. After all, first impressions always last.
21．Why do neurotic people often avoid showing their face in their profile photo
A．Because they are fond of pets, cars and buildings.
B．Because they want to enjoy new experiences.
C．Because they don’t want to show their negative emotions.
D．Because they are not confident about themselves.
22．What does the underlined word in Para.4 refer to
A．Open people. B．Neurotic people.
C．Negative people. D．Popular people.
23．What is the writer’s attitude towards the choice of a profile photo
A．Casual. B．Cautious. C．Worried. D．Unclear.
24．What does this text mainly talk about
A．The importance of the first impression.
B．Some advice on how to choose a profile photo.
C．The difference between open people and neurotic people.
D．The relationship between one’s profile photo and his personality.
（2023上·湖南·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）The 2010s brought no shortage of miraculous technologies, from tablet computers to 4G mobile internet. But these had surprisingly little effect on the economy. During that decade productivity growth in the developed countries averaged a miserable (少得可怜的) 1% a year, holding down average wages. Innovative firms embraced new tech, but many less adventurous ones did not bother. The experience showed that technological breakthroughs and improvements in average living standards do not always go hand in hand.
Generative AI, its developers say, will be different. Not since the invention of the internet has a new technology so captured the public imagination. The technology is consumer-friendly: within days of its release to the public, Chat GPT, the most famous AI chat bot, had millions of users. It is easy to see how this innovation could improve all types of work at all types of firms, from increasing the accuracy of doctors’ diagnoses to helping programmers write software code more efficiently.
With that said, for AI to truly spread out in the economy, it needs to make its mark beyond the most innovative companies. And this will take time. Although the internet began to be used by some companies in the early 1990s, it was not until the late 2000s that two-thirds of American businesses had a website. About 70 world’s largest firms still show no interest in AI, according to our analysis. Some evidence even suggests that usage of Chat GPT and its competitors is falling — perhaps as people have tried it out, and then decided it is not for them.
Indeed, even the most powerful technologies take time to be adopted, because companies tend to use a mix of software and services, some of which may be years or even decades old. Replacing outdated systems can be costly and complicated. Moreover, in the many industries either run or heavily regulated by the government, such as healthcare, education and construction, bosses and trade unions often resist the application of new technology, worried that it will lead to job losses. In time AI could well transform how people live their lives and do their jobs. But the road to widespread usage, and any resulting productivity boom, will be a long one.
25．What is paragraph 1 mainly about
A．How productivity affects average wages.
B．Why the 2010s is a productive decade.
C．Whether economic growth follows new technologies.
D．What innovative companies care for.
26．What does the author want to indicate by mentioning Chat GPT in paragraph 2
A．AI’s public imagination. B．Consumers’ enthusiasm.
C．AI’s healthy profits. D．AI’s huge potential.
27．What can be inferred from paragraph 3
A．Big firms are less motivated to adopt new tech.
B．More efforts are needed to advocate AI.
C．Chat GPT is falling behind its competitors.
D．Websites were uncommon in the early 2000s.
28．Which word best describes the author’s attitude towards the future of AI
A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Cautious. D．Pessimistic.
（2011·北京·高考真题）As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries, a new electhical generating（发电）and transmission（输送）systen for the 21th century will leave a lasting mark on the West, for better or worse. Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the suurouding community. The same is true of big solar ppants and the power lines that will be laid dowm to move electricity around.
The 19th century saw land grants（政府拨地）offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads ,leaving public land in between privately owned land . In much of the west ,some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped ,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management ,with the completion or the interstate highway system ,many of the small towns which sprang up as railway stops and developed well ,have lost their lifeblood and died .
Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the west .this is not an argument against building then ,we need alternative energy badly .and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now .
So trade-offs will have to be made .some scenic sport will be sacrificed .some species (物种)will be forced to move ,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations ,deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects .
The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter .the 21st century development of the American west as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money to do a lot of good .but it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind ,just like the railroad and the highway .
The money set aside in negotiated trade –offs and the institution that control will shape the west far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines .so let’s remember the effects of the railroad and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the west .
29．what was the problem caused by the construction of the railways
A．small towns along the railways became abandoned .
B．some railroad stops remained .
C．land in the west was hard to manage .
D．land grants went into private hands.
30．what is the major concern in the development of alternative energy according to the last two paragraphs
A．the transmission of power B．the use of money and power
C．the conservation of solar energy D．the selection of an ideal place
31．what is the author ‘s attitude towards building solar plants
A．cautious B．approving C．doubtful D．disapproving
32．which is the best title for the passage
A．how the railways have affected the west
B．how solar energy could reshape the west
C．how the effects of power plants can be reduced
D．how the problems of the highways have been settled
（2022·广东湛江·高三湛江一中校联考专题练习）In order to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius — a suggested safe threshold (阈值，界限) — carbon neutrality by mid-21st century is essential. This target is also laid down in the Paris agreement signed by 195 countries, including the EU, which aims to reach global peaking of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible and to undertake rapid reductions.
Carbon neutrality means having a balance between emitting carbon and absorbing carbon from the atmosphere in carbon sinks. Removing carbon oxide from the atmosphere and then storing it is known as carbon sequestration (碳封存). In order to achieve net zero emissions, all worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will have to be counterbalanced (抵消) by carbon sequestration.
Carbon sink is any system that absorbs more carbon than it emits. The main natural carbon sinks are soil, forests and oceans. According to estimates, natural sinks remove between 9.5 and 11 Gt of CO2 per year. Annual global CO2 emissions reached 38.0 Gt in 2019. Moreover, no artificial carbon sinks are able to remove carbon from the atmosphere on the necessary scale to fight global warming at present. The carbon stored in natural sinks such as forests is released into the atmosphere through forest fires, changes in land use or logging. This is why it is essential to reduce carbon emissions in order to reach climate neutrality.
Another way to reduce emissions and to pursue carbon neutrality is to offset (补偿) emissions made in one sector by reducing them somewhere else. This can be done through investment in renewable energy, energy efficiency or other clean, low-carbon technologies.
The European Union is committed to achieving the carbon neutrality by 2050. Under the Green Deal it aims to become the first continent that removes as many CO2 emissions as it produces by 2050. On 7 October 2020, the European Parliament backed climate neutrality by 2050 and a 60% emission reduction target by 2030 compared to 1990 levels — more than Commission’s proposal of 55%.
In addition, members called for all EU countries individually to become climate neutral and insisted that after 2050, more CO2 should be removed from atmosphere than is emitted. Also, all direct or indirect subsidies (补贴) to fossil fuels should be canceled by 2025 at the latest.
33．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To introduce the topic. B．To present a fact.
C．To explain an agreement. D．To define a concept.
34．What would happen if carbon neutrality is achieved
A．There will be no carbon emission.
B．The carbon emission will reach its peak.
C．The temperature will rise within 1.5 degrees Celsius.
D．The amount of production of CO2 will equal its removal.
35．Why are carbon sinks alone unable to achieve carbon neutrality
A．Because they release more CO2 than they take in.
B．Because man-made ones couldn’t replace natural ones.
C．Because there aren’t enough of them.
D．Because people are destroying them.
36．What is the EU’s attitude towards its carbon goal
A．Pessimistic. B．Indifferent.
C．Unclear. D．Ambitious.
答案：
1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A
5．B 6．A 7．C 8．B
9．B 10．A 11．B 12．A
13．A 14．C 15．D 16．B
17．B 18．A 19．D 20．B
21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D
25．C 26．D 27．B 28．C
29．C 30．B 31．A 32．B
33．A 34．D 35．C 36．D