专题07 名词辨析&代词辨析
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1．（2023·天津·高考真题）The British romantic poet William Wordsworth grew up in the Lake District,which was a great ________ of inspiration for his poems.
A．discovery B．form C．source D．symbol
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯在湖区长大，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。A. discovery发现；B. form形式；C. source来源，源泉；D. symbol象征。由下文“of inspiration for his poems.”可知，湖区是他诗歌创作的重要源泉。故选C。
2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The bottle is quite difficult to open; the _________ is to pour hot water on it first.
A．focus B．target C．function D．trick
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个瓶子很难打开；诀窍是先把热水倒在上面。A. focus焦点；B. target目标；C. function功能；D. trick诀窍。由“pour hot water on it first”可知，空格处应表达“诀窍”，故用trick，作主语。故选D。
3.（2023·天津·高考真题）I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, ________ especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture.
A．it B．that C．this D．one
【答案】D
【详解】考查代词辨析。句意：我真的很想去一个地方过暑假，一个特别美丽的风景和独特的文化。A. it它；B. that那个；C. this这个；D. one一个。分析句子，此处表示泛指过暑假的地方，one指代的刚提到过的同一类人或物。故选D。
4．（2022·天津·高考真题）When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t stop eating.
A．appetite B．power C．memory D．sight
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当人们郁闷时，有些人会失去食欲，而有些人却忍不住暴饮暴食。A. appetite食欲；B. power权利；C. memory记忆；D. sight视力。结合后文while others can’t stop eating表示对比，可知，前文表意与暴饮暴食相反，即毫无食欲。A项符合句意。故选A项。
5．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________.
A．system B．method C．investment D．environment
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system体系，系统；B. method方法；C. investment投资；D. environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安全的实验环境（environment）。故选D项。
6．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
回顾核心考点
常见的不可数名词：
information 信息 fun 乐趣 progress 进步
equipment 设备 advice 建议 furniture 家具的总称
luggage/baggage 行李 evidence 证据 clothing服装的总称
poetry 诗歌的总称 jewelry 珠宝的总称 work 工作
news 消息 scenery 风景 change 零钱
抽象名词具体化现象：
词语 抽象含义 具体化含义 例句
honor 荣誉；尊重 一件荣幸的事 It is an honor to be invited here. 被邀请来这里是荣幸的事。
success 成功 成功的人或事物 He is proud of his son’s successes. 他为他儿子各种成就而自豪。
failure 失败 失败的人或事物 He was a failure as a football player. 他是个失败的体育运动员。
wonder 惊奇，惊叹 奇迹；能人 You are a wonder. I never thought of doing that. 你真是个能人。我从未想过做那件事。
surprise 惊讶 令人吃惊的人或事 What a surprise to see you here. 在这里看见你真让人吃惊。
pleasure 快乐 乐事 It is a pleasure to take part in such an activity. 参加这样的活动是一件乐事。
comfort 安慰 令人感到安慰的人或事 Books can be a comfort to me. 书籍对我是一种安慰。
disappoint 失望 使人失望的人或事 The party was a total disappointment. 这个晚会是个彻底失败的晚会。
danger 危险 危险的人或事 Police said he was a danger to the public. 警察说他对于公众而言是个危险人物。
beauty 美丽 美女，美景 She was a beauty in her day.在她的年代，她是个美女。
易混易错归纳
区分sign, signal, symbol以及mark（名词）
词语 含义 例句
sign 迹象，征兆 There is no sign that it will rain. 没有要下雨的迹象。
招牌，指示牌 A shop sign said, “Welcome you”. 商店招牌上写着：“欢迎您”。
示意的动作；手势 He gave a thumb-up sign. 他竖起大拇指表示赞同。
符号，记号 Although he is a little kid, he knows many mathematical signs. 虽然他是个小孩子，他认识了很多数学符号。
signal 信号，暗号 They received a warning signal informing them of the danger ahead. 他们收到了警告信号，告知他们前方有危险。
指示灯，信号灯 She stopped his car in front of a stop signal. 她把车停在停车信号灯前。
(传输声音、图像等信号) I couldn’t get a signal on my cell phone. 我手机接收不到信号。
symbol 象征 White has always been a symbol of purity I western countries. 白色在西方国家是纯洁的象征。
符号，代号，记号 What is the chemical symbol for copper 铜的化学符号是什么？
mark 污点，斑点 The child left dirty marks all over his coat. 这个孩子把整个衣服上弄上了污点。
符号，记号 I made some marks on the tree to help my find the way back. 我在树上做记号帮我找到回来的路。
(品质或情感的) 标志、迹象 On the day of the funeral business remained closed as a mark of respect. 葬礼那天，商户停业以示尊重。
成绩；分数 I got full marks in the composition test. 作文考试我得了满分。
区分force, energy, strength, violence以及power
词语 含义 例句
force 无力，暴力 We will achieve more by persuasion rather than by force. 我们会靠说服力而不是武力收获很多的。
强大效力，巨大影响 They realized the force of his argument. 他们意识到了他论点的强大影响力。
一大群人 (为某目的组织起来的) A quarter of the labor force is/are out of work. 四分之一的劳动力失业了。
武装部队 A peace-keeping force is keeping peace on the border. 一支维和部队正在边境维护和平。
物理的力 Newton conducted a study about the force of gravity. 牛顿研究了万有引力。
energy 精力，活力 She put her energy into her work. 她投入了所有精力在工作中。
能源 It is of great importance to conserve energy. 节约能源很重要。
strength 体力，力气 It will take you a few days to build up your strength. 要花几天时间才能恢复体力。
毅力，坚强决心 She has a remarkable inner strength. 她有非凡的意志力。
实力，势力 Political power depends on economic strength. 政治权力取决于经济实力。
优势，长处 The ability to control my emotions is one of my strengths.
控制我情绪的能力是我的优势之一。
violence 暴力，暴行 He condemned the protesters’ use of violence against the police. 他谴责抗议者对警察使用暴力。
power 统治，政权 The party came to power at the last election. 这个党派在上次大选中执政。
能力 It is not within my power to help you. 我是爱莫能助啊。
电 They switched off the power. 他们关闭了电源。
力量，能量 The power of media can sometimes destroy a person. 媒体的力量有时会毁掉一个人。
(身体的)力量，体力 He hit the ball with as much power as he could. 他用尽力气击球。
能量，动力 Nuclear power can generate power 核能可以产电。
区分neither, either, none, all以及both
词语 含义 例句
neither 两者否定 “两者都不” Neither of them know/knows the answer.他们两个不知道答案。
none 三者否定 “没有一个” None of them live/lives in the countryside. 他们都不住在乡下。
either 两者中任何一个 “任何一个” There is a door at either end of the corridor. 走廊两端各有一道门。
all 三者以上肯定 “都” All of us want to pursue our individual dream. 我们所有人想追求我们各自的梦想。
both 两者肯定 “两个都” I like them both. 我喜欢他们两个。
区分one, it, that, those
词语 含义 例句
one 代替单数可数名词，指同一类事物 I lost my watch, so my father bought me a new one. 我的手表丢了，所以我爸爸给我买了一块新的。
the one 指上文提到的特指的可数名词单数 He picked up a book on the floor. It was just the one I lent to him. 他从地上捡起一本书。这本书正是我借给他的。
it 特指前面提到的同一个人或物 I lost my watch, but my father found it and returned it to me. 我手表丢了，但是我爸爸找到并且还给了我。
that 特指前面提到的单数可数名词(可替换the one)或特指的不可数名词 The population in Beijing is larger than that in Tianjin. 北京的人口比天津的人口多。
those 指代“同名异物”的可数名词复数（可替换the ones） I love the flowers in the garden and those provide me with fragrance. 我喜欢花园里的花，那些花给我带来了香味。
1．（2024·天津南开·一模）First, we need to build up a detailed ________ of our customers and their requirements.
A．phase B．profile C．tendency D．distribution
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：首先，我们需要建立客户及其需求的详细人物简介。A. phase阶段；B. profile人物简介；C. tendency趋势；D. distribution分配。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“人物简介”，故用profile。故选B。
2．（2024·天津宁河·一模）When giving first aid, we should give top ________ to those in the most serious situations.
A．priority B．potential C．criticism D．elements
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在进行急救时，我们应该优先考虑那些情况最严重的人。A. priority优先事项，最重要的事；B. potential潜力；C. criticism批评；D. elements元素。由“those in the most serious situations”可知，句子表示“在进行急救时，我们应该优先考虑那些情况最严重的人”，give priority to意为“优先考虑”。故选A。
3．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Reading is widely believed to be a ________ to learn more about the world.
A．shelter B．source C．channel D．background
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：人们普遍认为阅读是一种了解世界的渠道。A. shelter遮蔽物；B. source来源；C. channel通道；渠道；D. background背景。根据句意可知，阅读应是人们了解世界的一个渠道。故选C项。
4．（2024·天津·一模）Besides proper amounts of practice, perseverance is also one of the key ______ of success.
A．elements B．categories C．ranges D．processes
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：除了适当的练习，毅力也是成功的关键要素之一。A. elements要素；B. categories类别；C. ranges范围；D. processes过程。结合语境可知，空格处应表达“因素”，故用elements。故选A。
5．（2024·天津·一模）Healthcare workers are at risk of getting infectious diseases because of their to infected patients.
A．guidance B．response C．exposure D．advantage
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医护人员由于与被感染的病人接触而有感染传染病的危险。A. guidance指导；B. response反应，回复；C. exposure接触；D.advantage优势。医疗工作人员和感染的病人是频繁接触的，并且因此面临感染的风险。故选C项。
6．（2024·天津河东·一模）We should forgive his bad temper because we know that losing his job has put him under great ______.
A．emotion B．excitement C．crisis D．stress
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们应该原谅他的坏脾气，因为我们知道失去工作使他承受了巨大的压力。A. emotion感情；B. excitement兴奋；C. crisis危机；D. stress压力。根据“because we know that losing his job.”可知，因为失去工作，所以承受了巨大的压力。故选D。
7．（2024·天津河北·一模）China’s Belt and Road Initiative means a new ________ for trade and investment between countries, leading into a new era of prosperity.
A．burden B．dawn C．chart D．survey
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国的“一带一路”倡议意味着国家间贸易和投资的新曙光，开启了繁荣的新时代。A. burden负担；B. dawn黎明，开端，曙光；C. chart图表；D. survey调查。根据leading into a new era of prosperity可知，“一带一路”倡议意味着国家间贸易和投资迎来了新曙光。故选B。
8．（2024·天津和平·一模）Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed a(n)______ for birds, too.
A．habit B．interest C．passion D．appetite
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：猫被带到岛上控制老鼠，不幸地是，猫随后也对鸟类产生了食欲。A. habit习惯；B. interest兴趣；C. passion激情；D. appetite食欲。根据句意可知，空处表示“食欲”，appetite for…为固定短语，表示“对……的胃口”，故选D项。
9．（2023·天津·二模）Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism but the people also rapidly feel its ________.
A．benefits B．contribution C．demand D．effects
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个国家的环境不仅会受到旅游业突然增长的影响，而且人们也会迅速感受到它的影响。A. benefits利益；B. contribution贡献；C. demand需求；D. effects影响。根据上文“Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism”可知，此处指人们也会感受到这种影响，故选D项。
10．（2023·天津河西·三模）My first ______ of our English teacher was that she was too strict, but now she is a patient and kind-hearted lady in my mind.
A．connection B．motivation C．permission D．impression
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我对英语老师的第一印象是她太严格了，但是现在我觉得她是一个有耐心，善良的人。A. connection联系；B. motivation动力；C. permission允许；D. imoression印象。根据句意可知，此处意为“印象”，表达为impression。故选D。
11．（2023·天津滨海新·三模）Through the old soldiers’ vivid________of the Long March, the students gained a more profound insight into the incomparable loyalty and firm belief of the Red Army.
A．issue B．account C．opinion D．practice
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：通过老战士们对长征的生动讲述，学生们更加深刻地体会到红军无与伦比的忠诚和坚定的信念。A. issue问题；B. account讲述，描述；C. opinion观点；D. practice实践。根据后文“of the Long March”指对长征的生动讲述。故选B。
12．（2023·天津河北·二模）Her enthusiasm and________to the students over the past seven years has brought the school to the leading position in many areas.
A．judgement B．commitment C．competition D．evolution
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的七年中，她对学生的热情和承诺使学校在许多领域处于领先地位。A. judgement判断；B. commitment献身，承诺；C. competition比赛；D. evolution进化。根据下文“to the students over the past seven years has brought the school to the leading position in many areas.”可知，此处表示对学生的承诺，固定搭配：commitment to“恪守承诺”。故选B。
13．（2023·天津南开·二模）As companies are trying hard to attract and keep young people for their technical skills and enthusiasm for change, office culture is becoming an ________ of youth culture.
A．expansion B．extension C．expression D．exhibition
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于各公司都在努力吸引和留住具有技术能力和变革热情的年轻人，办公室文化正在成为青年文化的延伸。A. expansion扩大；B. extension延伸；C. expression表达；D. exhibition展览。根据空后“of youth culture”及常识可知，此处指办公室文化正在成为青年文化的延伸。故选B。
14．（2023·天津和平·二模）Students are encouraged to speak and improve their English with the ________ of teachers who will always use English with them and give them help.
A．absence B．strength C．defence D．presence
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们鼓励学生在老师在场的时候说英语，提高英语水平，老师会经常和他们一起使用英语并给予他们帮助。A. absence缺席；B. strength体力；C. defence防御；D. presence在场，出席。根据句意，表示“在场”用介词短语with the presence of (sb.)，意为“(有某人)在场”。故选D项。
15．（2023·天津河东·二模）It’s reported that many wars broke out in the Middle East. What’s your of the situation there
A．assessment B．adjustment C．appointment D．assistance
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据报道在中东爆发了很多的战争。你对那里的形势有什么评价？A. assessment评估，评价；B. adjustment调整；C. appointment 约会，约定；D. assistance援助；帮助。根据“It’s reported that many wars broke out in the Middle East.”可知，这里是问对方对中东形势的评估。故选A。
16．（2023·天津红桥·一模）Success comes to those who are willing to risk making mistakes in the ________
of their goals and ambitions, and who are able to learn from those mistakes.
A．procedure B．pursuit C．preference D．progress
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：成功属于那些在追求目标和抱负的过程中愿意冒犯错误的风险，并且能够从这些错误中吸取教训的人。A. procedure程序；B. pursuit追求；C. preference偏爱；D. progress进步。根据后文“of their goals and ambitions”指追求目标和抱负。故选B。
17．（2023·天津南开·一模）At that time we had to make the________ that the disease was spreading and take action to stop it.
A．arrangement B．appointment C．assumption D．assistance
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当时我们必须假设这种疾病正在传播，并采取行动阻止它。A. arrangement安排；B. appointment约会；C. assumption假设；D. assistance帮助。结合句意，that引导的同位从句是抽象名词assumption的具体内容。故选C项。
18．（2023·天津·一模）When coming across a word you don’t know, you can try to guess the meaning of the word from the ______.
A．context B．access C．creativity D．approach
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：遇到不认识的单词时，你可以试着根据上下文猜单词的意思。A. context上下文；B. access通道，机会；C. creativity创造力；D. approach方式，方法。根据前文“guess the meaning of the word”可知，此处指“根据上下文猜单词意思”。故选A项。
19．（2023·天津河东·一模）The TV series Flight to You has received a lot of positive________ from the audience.
A．reviews B．previews C．revisions D．proposals
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：电视剧《向风而行》获得了很多观众的好评。A. reviews评论；B. previews预演；C. revisions修订；D. proposals提议。结合下文“from the audience”可知，此次是指得到了观众的好评。故选A。
20．（2023·天津和平·一模）Having the courage to be disliked does not mean that you can use your
weaknesses as an ________ for not improving yourself.
A．capacity B．excuse C．passion D．demand
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词。句意：有不被人喜欢的勇气，并不意味着你可以把自己的弱点作为不提高自己的借口。A. capacity能力；B. excuse借口；C. passion热情；D. demand命令。结合句意可知，能接受自己不被人喜欢并不能作为借口。故选B项。
21．（2022·天津·三模）The little boat is ________ but safe, so I won’t take it.
A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
【答案】B
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：小船一点也不安全，所以我不会乘坐它。A. something某些事情；B. anything任何事情；C. everything每件事情；D. nothing没什么事情。根据“so I won’t take it”可知，此处指小船一点也不安全，固定短语anything but“绝不，一点也不”符合语境，故选B。
22．（2022·天津南开·一模）The on Sarah’s face told me that she got annoyed.
A．confidence B．impression C．appearance D．expression
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：莎拉脸上的表情告诉我她生气了。A. confidence信赖，自信；B. impression印象；C. appearance外表；D. expression表情。根据“on Sarah’s face”和“she got annoyed”可推知，expression“表情”符合题意，表示莎拉生气了这一判断是由她脸上的表情得来的。故选D。
23．（2022·天津南开·一模）These biological discoveries all help us understand the ________ for life on our planet, even in the most extreme circumstances.
A．component B．coverage C．capacity D．comprehension
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些生物学上的发现都有助于我们了解地球上生命的存在能力，即使是在最极端的环境下。A. component成分；B. coverage报道；C. capacity能力；D. comprehension理解。由“even in the most extreme circumstances”可知，句子表示“这些生物学上的发现都有助于我们了解地球上生命的存在能力，即使是在最极端的环境下”，空格处意为“能力”。故选C。
24．（2022·天津南开·三模）Because of long-time ________ from other continents, Australia owns its special animals.
A．separation B．division C．movement D．connection
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于长期与其他大陆分离，澳大利亚拥有自己的特殊动物。A. separation分离；B. division分开；C. movement运动；D. connection关系。根据“Australia owns its special animals”可知，此处是指澳大利亚与其他大陆分离（才会产生自己的特殊动物），用separation与介词from搭配符合题意。故选A。
25．（2022·天津南开·二模）The valley was covered with a________ of heavy mist.
A．piece B．bar C．bunch D．blanket
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：山谷笼罩着一层浓雾。A. piece张，片；B. bar块，棒；C. bunch束，串；D. blanket厚层。由“heavy mist”可知，句子表示“山谷笼罩着一层浓雾”，空格处意为“厚层；覆盖层”，故选D。
26．（2022·天津·二模）The man was responsible for much of the research and ______ work that led to the understanding of the structure of DNA．
A．discovery B．production C．creation D．contribution
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这名男子负责许多研究和发现工作，这些工作导致了对DNA结构的理解。A. discovery发现；B. production生产；C. creation创造；D. contribution贡献。根据上文“research”可知，此处是指研究和发现工作，名词作定语。故选A。
27．（2022·天津红桥·二模）— Have you booked a table, madam
— Yes, we’ve booked ______ for two. The name is Morrison.
A．it B．that C．this D．one
【答案】D
【详解】考查代词词义辨析。句意：——女士，您预订桌子了吗？——是的，我们订了两人一桌。名字叫莫里森。A. it特指上文提到的特定事物；B. that特指上文提到的可数名词单数或不可数名词；C. this指代下文所提到的；D. one泛指，指代前面提到的同类人或物（可数名词）中的一个。根据句意，此处指代上文提到的“table”，但说话人只知道自己订了一张桌子，并不知道具体是哪一张，是泛指，应用代词one指代。故选D项。
28．（2022·天津和平·三模）He made it clear to his parents that he was going into town with the ________ of visiting the library and borrowing some books.
A．service B．intention C．doubt D．brief
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向父母明确表示，他进城的目的是去图书馆借书。A. service服务；B. intention目的；C. doubt怀疑；D. brief指示，摘要。根据“visiting the library and borrowing some books”可知，此处是指进城的目的，intention符合题意，with the intension of“抱有……的目的”。故选B。
29．（2022·天津河东·二模）To know more about the Summer Palace, you can use the Internet or go to the library, or ______.
A．neither B．some C．all D．both
【答案】D
【详解】考查不定代词。句意：要了解更多关于颐和园的信息，你可以上网或去图书馆，或者两者兼而有之。A. neither两者都不；B. some一些；C. all（三者及以上）全部；D. both两者都。根据句意可知，句中指可以上网或去图书馆查找资料，或者既上网，又去图书馆，两者兼而有之，“both”意为“两者都”，符合语境。故选D项。
30．（2022·天津滨海新·一模）Nowadays, many chefs take _____ from old recipe collection and recreate dishes to suit young appetite.
A．purpose B．potential C．virtue D．inspiration
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如今，许多厨师从旧食谱中汲取灵感，重新制作菜肴，以满足年轻人的胃口。A. purpose目的；B. potential潜能；C. virtue美德；D. inspiration灵感。根据“and recreate dishes to suit young appetite.”可知，许多厨师从旧食谱中汲取灵感来制作菜肴。故选D。
31．（2022·天津河西·二模）There is no doubt that your tiredness is a(n) ________ of great stress and lack of sleep; you need to have a good rest.
A．assumption B．consequence C．consumption D．convenience
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：毫无疑问，你的疲劳是由于巨大的压力和睡眠不足造成的；你需要好
好休息。A. assumption假设，假定；B. consequence结果，后果；C. consumption消耗；D. convenience方便。分析句意可知，你疲劳是压力大和睡眠不足的结果。故选B项。
32．（2022·天津河北·二模）The club is currently planning several ________ to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place.
A．dimensions B．inspirations C．competitions D．expansions
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该俱乐部目前正计划进行几次扩建，以满足在安静的地方寻求娱乐和休闲的高尔夫球手。A. dimensions维度；B. inspirations启发；C. competitions竞赛；D. expansions扩建。根据“to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place.”可知，为了让高尔夫球手可以在安静地方寻求娱乐，俱乐部需要进行扩建。故选D。
33．（2022·天津红桥·二模）Nowadays the_________for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A．priority B．potential C．preference D．prejudice
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当今，旅行的优先考虑的事情从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；最重要的事情；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. preference偏爱；D. prejudice偏见。结合句意可知表示“优先考虑的事情”。故选A项。
34．（2021·天津宝坻·三模）It’s said that dogs will keep you _______ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
A．companion B．colleague C．company D．relation
【答案】C
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说，当你感到孤独时，只要你愿意，狗就会一直陪伴着你。A. companion同伴；B. colleague同事；C. company陪伴；D. relation联系，关联。根据空后“when you are feeling lonely”可知，此处指“狗会陪伴你”，keep pany意为“陪伴某人”。故选C。
35．（2021·天津·三模）In all aspects of the society, there are many heroes dedicated to their work. So they should get the ________ they deserves.
A．award B．ceremony C．price D．credit
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在社会的各个方面，都有许多英雄献身于他们的工作。所以他们应该得到他们应得的荣誉。A.award奖; B.ceremony仪式； C.price价格； D.credit荣誉。根据“ there are many heroes dedicated to their work. ”可知，英雄们应该得到他们应得的荣誉。故选D项。
36．（2021·天津·三模）Thanksgiving Day offers us an opportunity to express ________ to our family, friends and even strangers.
A．satisfaction B．appreciation C．reputation D．cooperation
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词辨析。句意感恩节让我们有机会向家人、朋友，甚至是陌生人表达感激之情。A. satisfaction满足，满意；B. appreciation感激，欣赏；C. reputation名声；D.cooperation合作。根据句意和常识可知，感恩节的主题就是向他人表达感激之情。故选B项。
37．（2021·天津南开·二模）The stronger the________ is, the more quickly a man will learn a new skill. In other words, it is up to whether he has an interest in it.
A．motivation B．ambition C．effect D．imagination
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：动力越强，一个人学习新技能的速度就越快。换句话说，这取决于他是否对此感兴趣。根据“ he has an interest in it”可知，动力越强，一个人学习新技能的速度就越快。故选A项。
38．（2021·天津河西·三模）It is generally agreed that new contents should be added to a good dictionary at regular________.
A．gaps B．intervals C．length D．distance
【答案】B
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一本好词典应该定期添加新内容，这是大家一致同意的。A. gap缺口；裂缝；间隔期；B. intervals（时间上的）间隔；C. length长度；D. distance距离。结合语境可知，“new contents”应是指随着时代发展而出现的“新词”，随时会出现，因此应及时定期更新词典内容。“at intervals”，固定短语，意为“每隔一段时间”，符合语境搭配。故选B项。
39．（2021·天津和平·三模）—Will you take my previous experience into________ when you fix my salary
—You bet. We always do for senior-level positions.
A．mind B．thought C．reference D．account
【答案】D
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：——你确定我的薪水时，会把我以前的工作经验考虑进去吗？——当然。对于高级职位我们总是这样做的。A. mind思维；B. thought想法；C. reference参考；D. account描述，账户。根据句意及常识可知，此处是固定短语take…into account“将……考虑在内”，意为“将我以前的工作经验考虑在内”。故选D。
40．（2021·天津和平·一模）The new law makes no ________ between adults and children, so everyone is treated equally.
A．distinction B．comparison C．assumption D．division
【答案】A
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：新法律对成人和儿童一视同仁，所以每个人都被平等对待。A.distinction区别，差别；B.comparison比照，对比；C.assumption假定，设想；D.division分配。由语意可知，每个人都被平等对待，说明新法律对成人和儿童一视同仁。故选A项。专题07 名词辨析&代词辨析
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1．（2023·天津·高考真题）The British romantic poet William Wordsworth grew up in the Lake District,which was a great ________ of inspiration for his poems.
A．discovery B．form C．source D．symbol
2．（2023·天津·高考真题）The bottle is quite difficult to open; the _________ is to pour hot water on it first.
A．focus B．target C．function D．trick
3.（2023·天津·高考真题）I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, ________ especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture.
A．it B．that C．this D．one
4．（2022·天津·高考真题）When people are depressed, some experience a loss of________ while others can’t stop eating.
A．appetite B．power C．memory D．sight
5．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________.
A．system B．method C．investment D．environment
6．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples
回顾核心考点
常见的不可数名词：
information 信息 fun 乐趣 progress 进步
equipment 设备 advice 建议 furniture 家具的总称
luggage/baggage 行李 evidence 证据 clothing服装的总称
poetry 诗歌的总称 jewelry 珠宝的总称 work 工作
news 消息 scenery 风景 change 零钱
抽象名词具体化现象：
词语 抽象含义 具体化含义 例句
honor 荣誉；尊重 一件荣幸的事 It is an honor to be invited here. 被邀请来这里是荣幸的事。
success 成功 成功的人或事物 He is proud of his son’s successes. 他为他儿子各种成就而自豪。
failure 失败 失败的人或事物 He was a failure as a football player. 他是个失败的体育运动员。
wonder 惊奇，惊叹 奇迹；能人 You are a wonder. I never thought of doing that. 你真是个能人。我从未想过做那件事。
surprise 惊讶 令人吃惊的人或事 What a surprise to see you here. 在这里看见你真让人吃惊。
pleasure 快乐 乐事 It is a pleasure to take part in such an activity. 参加这样的活动是一件乐事。
comfort 安慰 令人感到安慰的人或事 Books can be a comfort to me. 书籍对我是一种安慰。
disappoint 失望 使人失望的人或事 The party was a total disappointment. 这个晚会是个彻底失败的晚会。
danger 危险 危险的人或事 Police said he was a danger to the public. 警察说他对于公众而言是个危险人物。
beauty 美丽 美女，美景 She was a beauty in her day.在她的年代，她是个美女。
易混易错归纳
区分sign, signal, symbol以及mark（名词）
词语 含义 例句
sign 迹象，征兆 There is no sign that it will rain. 没有要下雨的迹象。
招牌，指示牌 A shop sign said, “Welcome you”. 商店招牌上写着：“欢迎您”。
示意的动作；手势 He gave a thumb-up sign. 他竖起大拇指表示赞同。
符号，记号 Although he is a little kid, he knows many mathematical signs. 虽然他是个小孩子，他认识了很多数学符号。
signal 信号，暗号 They received a warning signal informing them of the danger ahead. 他们收到了警告信号，告知他们前方有危险。
指示灯，信号灯 She stopped his car in front of a stop signal. 她把车停在停车信号灯前。
(传输声音、图像等信号) I couldn’t get a signal on my cell phone. 我手机接收不到信号。
symbol 象征 White has always been a symbol of purity I western countries. 白色在西方国家是纯洁的象征。
符号，代号，记号 What is the chemical symbol for copper 铜的化学符号是什么？
mark 污点，斑点 The child left dirty marks all over his coat. 这个孩子把整个衣服上弄上了污点。
符号，记号 I made some marks on the tree to help my find the way back. 我在树上做记号帮我找到回来的路。
(品质或情感的) 标志、迹象 On the day of the funeral business remained closed as a mark of respect. 葬礼那天，商户停业以示尊重。
成绩；分数 I got full marks in the composition test. 作文考试我得了满分。
区分force, energy, strength, violence以及power
词语 含义 例句
force 无力，暴力 We will achieve more by persuasion rather than by force. 我们会靠说服力而不是武力收获很多的。
强大效力，巨大影响 They realized the force of his argument. 他们意识到了他论点的强大影响力。
一大群人 (为某目的组织起来的) A quarter of the labor force is/are out of work. 四分之一的劳动力失业了。
武装部队 A peace-keeping force is keeping peace on the border. 一支维和部队正在边境维护和平。
物理的力 Newton conducted a study about the force of gravity. 牛顿研究了万有引力。
energy 精力，活力 She put her energy into her work. 她投入了所有精力在工作中。
能源 It is of great importance to conserve energy. 节约能源很重要。
strength 体力，力气 It will take you a few days to build up your strength. 要花几天时间才能恢复体力。
毅力，坚强决心 She has a remarkable inner strength. 她有非凡的意志力。
实力，势力 Political power depends on economic strength.
政治权力取决于经济实力。
优势，长处 The ability to control my emotions is one of my strengths. 控制我情绪的能力是我的优势之一。
violence 暴力，暴行 He condemned the protesters’ use of violence against the police. 他谴责抗议者对警察使用暴力。
power 统治，政权 The party came to power at the last election. 这个党派在上次大选中执政。
能力 It is not within my power to help you. 我是爱莫能助啊。
电 They switched off the power. 他们关闭了电源。
力量，能量 The power of media can sometimes destroy a person. 媒体的力量有时会毁掉一个人。
(身体的)力量，体力 He hit the ball with as much power as he could. 他用尽力气击球。
能量，动力 Nuclear power can generate power 核能可以产电。
区分neither, either, none, all以及both
词语 含义 例句
neither 两者否定 “两者都不” Neither of them know/knows the answer.他们两个不知道答案。
none 三者否定 “没有一个” None of them live/lives in the countryside. 他们都不住在乡下。
either 两者中任何一个 “任何一个” There is a door at either end of the corridor. 走廊两端各有一道门。
all 三者以上肯定 “都” All of us want to pursue our individual dream. 我们所有人想追求我们各自的梦想。
both 两者肯定 “两个都” I like them both. 我喜欢他们两个。
区分one, it, that, those
词语 含义 例句
one 代替单数可数名词，指同一类事物 I lost my watch, so my father bought me a new one. 我的手表丢了，所以我爸爸给我买了一块新的。
the one 指上文提到的特指的可数名词单数 He picked up a book on the floor. It was just the one I lent to him. 他从地上捡起一本书。这本书正是我借给他的。
it 特指前面提到的同一个人或物 I lost my watch, but my father found it and returned it to me. 我手表丢了，但是我爸爸找到并且还给了我。
that 特指前面提到的单数可数名词(可替换the one)或特指的不可数名词 The population in Beijing is larger than that in Tianjin. 北京的人口比天津的人口多。
those 指代“同名异物”的可数名词复数（可替换the ones） I love the flowers in the garden and those provide me with fragrance. 我喜欢花园里的花，那些花给我带来了香味。
1．（2024·天津南开·一模）First, we need to build up a detailed ________ of our customers and their requirements.
A．phase B．profile C．tendency D．distribution
2．（2024·天津宁河·一模）When giving first aid, we should give top ________ to those in the most serious situations.
A．priority B．potential C．criticism D．elements
3．（2024·天津宁河·一模）Reading is widely believed to be a ________ to learn more about the world.
A．shelter B．source C．channel D．background
4．（2024·天津·一模）Besides proper amounts of practice, perseverance is also one of the key ______ of success.
A．elements B．categories C．ranges D．processes
5．（2024·天津·一模）Healthcare workers are at risk of getting infectious diseases because of their to infected patients.
A．guidance B．response C．exposure D．advantage
6．（2024·天津河东·一模）We should forgive his bad temper because we know that losing his job has put him under great ______.
A．emotion B．excitement C．crisis D．stress
7．（2024·天津河北·一模）China’s Belt and Road Initiative means a new ________ for trade and investment between countries, leading into a new era of prosperity.
A．burden B．dawn C．chart D．survey
8．（2024·天津和平·一模）Cats were brought to the island to control the rats and mice. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed a(n)______ for birds, too.
A．habit B．interest C．passion D．appetite
9．（2023·天津·二模）Not only can the environment of a country suffer from the sudden growth of tourism but
the people also rapidly feel its ________.
A．benefits B．contribution C．demand D．effects
10．（2023·天津河西·三模）My first ______ of our English teacher was that she was too strict, but now she is a patient and kind-hearted lady in my mind.
A．connection B．motivation C．permission D．impression
11．（2023·天津滨海新·三模）Through the old soldiers’ vivid________of the Long March, the students gained a more profound insight into the incomparable loyalty and firm belief of the Red Army.
A．issue B．account C．opinion D．practice
12．（2023·天津河北·二模）Her enthusiasm and________to the students over the past seven years has brought the school to the leading position in many areas.
A．judgement B．commitment C．competition D．evolution
13．（2023·天津南开·二模）As companies are trying hard to attract and keep young people for their technical skills and enthusiasm for change, office culture is becoming an ________ of youth culture.
A．expansion B．extension C．expression D．exhibition
14．（2023·天津和平·二模）Students are encouraged to speak and improve their English with the ________ of teachers who will always use English with them and give them help.
A．absence B．strength C．defence D．presence
15．（2023·天津河东·二模）It’s reported that many wars broke out in the Middle East. What’s your of the situation there
A．assessment B．adjustment C．appointment D．assistance
16．（2023·天津红桥·一模）Success comes to those who are willing to risk making mistakes in the ________ of their goals and ambitions, and who are able to learn from those mistakes.
A．procedure B．pursuit C．preference D．progress
17．（2023·天津南开·一模）At that time we had to make the________ that the disease was spreading and take action to stop it.
A．arrangement B．appointment C．assumption D．assistance
18．（2023·天津·一模）When coming across a word you don’t know, you can try to guess the meaning of the word from the ______.
A．context B．access C．creativity D．approach
19．（2023·天津河东·一模）The TV series Flight to You has received a lot of positive________ from the audience.
A．reviews B．previews C．revisions D．proposals
20．（2023·天津和平·一模）Having the courage to be disliked does not mean that you can use your weaknesses as an ________ for not improving yourself.
A．capacity B．excuse C．passion D．demand
21．（2022·天津·三模）The little boat is ________ but safe, so I won’t take it.
A．something B．anything C．everything D．nothing
22．（2022·天津南开·一模）The on Sarah’s face told me that she got annoyed.
A．confidence B．impression C．appearance D．expression
23．（2022·天津南开·一模）These biological discoveries all help us understand the ________ for life on our planet, even in the most extreme circumstances.
A．component B．coverage C．capacity D．comprehension
24．（2022·天津南开·三模）Because of long-time ________ from other continents, Australia owns its special animals.
A．separation B．division C．movement D．connection
25．（2022·天津南开·二模）The valley was covered with a________ of heavy mist.
A．piece B．bar C．bunch D．blanket
26．（2022·天津·二模）The man was responsible for much of the research and ______ work that led to the understanding of the structure of DNA．
A．discovery B．production C．creation D．contribution
27．（2022·天津红桥·二模）— Have you booked a table, madam
— Yes, we’ve booked ______ for two. The name is Morrison.
A．it B．that C．this D．one
28．（2022·天津和平·三模）He made it clear to his parents that he was going into town with the ________ of visiting the library and borrowing some books.
A．service B．intention C．doubt D．brief
29．（2022·天津河东·二模）To know more about the Summer Palace, you can use the Internet or go to the library, or ______.
A．neither B．some C．all D．both
30．（2022·天津滨海新·一模）Nowadays, many chefs take _____ from old recipe collection and recreate dishes to suit young appetite.
A．purpose B．potential C．virtue D．inspiration
31．（2022·天津河西·二模）There is no doubt that your tiredness is a(n) ________ of great stress and lack of sleep; you need to have a good rest.
A．assumption B．consequence C．consumption D．convenience
32．（2022·天津河北·二模）The club is currently planning several ________ to accommodate golfers who seek pleasure and leisure in a quiet place.
A．dimensions B．inspirations C．competitions D．expansions
33．（2022·天津红桥·二模）Nowadays the_________for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A．priority B．potential C．preference D．prejudice
34．（2021·天津宝坻·三模）It’s said that dogs will keep you _______ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.
A．companion B．colleague C．company D．relation
35．（2021·天津·三模）In all aspects of the society, there are many heroes dedicated to their work. So they should get the ________ they deserves.
A．award B．ceremony C．price D．credit
36．（2021·天津·三模）Thanksgiving Day offers us an opportunity to express ________ to our family, friends and even strangers.
A．satisfaction B．appreciation C．reputation D．cooperation
37．（2021·天津南开·二模）The stronger the________ is, the more quickly a man will learn a new skill. In other words, it is up to whether he has an interest in it.
A．motivation B．ambition C．effect D．imagination
38．（2021·天津河西·三模）It is generally agreed that new contents should be added to a good dictionary at
regular________.
A．gaps B．intervals C．length D．distance
39．（2021·天津和平·三模）—Will you take my previous experience into________ when you fix my salary
—You bet. We always do for senior-level positions.
A．mind B．thought C．reference D．account
40．（2021·天津和平·一模）The new law makes no ________ between adults and children, so everyone is treated equally.
A．distinction B．comparison C．assumption D．division
