2024届高考英语二轮复习：完形填空专项训练（含解析）

完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Have you experienced a condition when listening to a very loud music makes your heartbeat so fast that you can actually feel the heavy beating From this experience, we can conclude that loud and fast music 1． the heart rate. Therefore, we have a feeling of high 2． and stress when we listen to loud and fast music. On the contrary, soft music is 3． to a slower heart rate. People who listen to relaxing music have a slower heart rate, 4． to those listening to loud and fast music, or those not listening to music at all.
But why does this happen Experiments found that the 5． of music on the heart is based on the functioning of the brain. When we hear music, the sound waves are translated into electrical impulses(神经冲动) by the 6． . As it is related to the increasing and decreasing of the heart rate, the related effect is produced. Now, is it that only 7． music brings out this effect Well, listening to soft or relaxing music is surely more 8． . However, listening to any type of music you like can be 9． , rather than not listening to any music at all.
It is believed that people who have a slower heart rate have a longer life. 10． , people having a faster heart rate are at a greater 11． of suffering from cardiovascular(心血管的) diseases. Therefore, having a slower heart rate makes you live a longer and healthier life. When 12． slows down the heart rate, it brings about a feeling of 13． . Therefore, it is used as a 14． technique. We can conclude by saying that the phrase "Music heals(治疗) the heart" is not just a saying, but a(n) 15． !
（）33. A. selflessness B. helplessness C. calmness D. sadness
1．A．obtains B．evaluates C．measures D．increases
2．A．nature B．anxiety C．respect D．security
3．A．integrated B．changed C．linked D．marked
4．A．compared B．adapted C．exposed D．opposed
5．A．style B．effect C．fantasy D．beauty
6．A．structure B．music C．brain D．equipment
7．A．normal B．folk C．modern D．soft
8．A．abnormal B．unbearable C．unforgettable D．beneficial
9．A．helpful B．joyful C．grateful D．doubtful
10．A．Interestingly B．Similarly C．Absolutely D．Unbelievably
11．A．limit B．competition C．risk D．fame
12．A．temperature B．medicine C．dance D．music
13．A．learning B．relaxation C．permission D．cooperation
14．A．learning B．relaxation C．permission D．cooperation
15．A．fact B．resource C．advice D．intention
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In many ways, Gitanjali Rao is an ordinary 11-year-old, lively and chatty, yet her scientific spirit makes a huge difference. Last month, she 16． the top prize at the Discovery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge for her invention.
What 17． Gitanjali's work was that her city faced a water emergency with too much lead in its water. "The idea didn't 18． to me until I saw my parents try to do water tests. The test strips may show inaccurate results, which weren't very 19． ."
She recalls. She then searched for suitable materials with continued efforts and 20． found that carbon nanotube（纳米管） sensors can be used to sense chemicals. Gitanjali 21． to build a small blue housing using the 3-D printer at her school with computer chips and a battery inside. A free app, which Gitanjali designed under 22． from her computer science teacher, gives instant 23． and sends the data to a linked phone through an attached device.
The process of designing her project wasn't always 24． , though. Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer, 25． along the way. In the award ceremony, Gitanjali also 26． her parents with constant support and 27． to try "crazy ideas". Gitanjali received $25, 000 to further develop her program along with the great 28． of winning the contest. According to Shafer, who 29． Gitanjali, "she shows a lot of motivation to solve 30． issues through science".
16．A．earned B．designed C．offered D．made
17．A．exposed B．improved C．defined D．inspired
18．A．stick B．belong C．occur D．apply
19．A．simple B．reliable C．predictable D．creative
20．A．initially B．immediately C．temporarily D．eventually
21．A．managed B．promised C．pretended D．happened
22．A．observation B．command C．instruction D．control
23．A．access B．results C．decisions D．approval
24．A．optional B．complete C．continuous D．smooth
25．A．changed B．risked C．helped D．followed
26．A．stresses B．credits C．impresses D．provides
27．A．encouragement B．request C．struggle D．pressure
28．A．fortune B．intention C．honor D．potential
29．A．keeps up with B．gets along with
C．takes care of D．speaks highly of
30．A．commercial B．practical C．academic D．systematic
完形填空
Scientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers. Researchers have already found evidence that the drink or the beans can help with weight loss, 31． one's risk of developing some diseases, promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one's risk of premature(早于预期的) death, among many other 32． . Now it is said that a cup of 33． reduces physical pain.
The surprising finding is 34． a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing computer tasks meant to finish office work. The tasks were known to 35． pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists. The researchers wanted to 36． how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated(忍受) the pain of such tasks. "As a matter of convenience, the scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the test to avoid 37． effects of caffeine lack, e. g. decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustion, " they reported.
When it came time to analyze the data, the researchers from Norway's National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo University Hospital noticed that the 19 people who drank coffee reported a 38． intensity(强度) of pain than the 29 people who didn't. In the shoulders and neck, 39． , the average pain was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers. Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured, and coffee's obvious pain-reduction effect 40． .
However, the authors of the study, which was published this week in the journal, BMCResearchNotes, warn that the results of the study come with many 41． . For starters, the researchers don't know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed(消耗) before taking the computer tests. 42． , they doubt whether the coffee drinkers and non-coffee drinkers were 43． in all aspects except for their coffee consumption. Problems like these tend to 44． the importance of the findings. But those doubts are 45． to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit.
31．A．take B．reduce C．increase D．face
32．A．trends B．advice C．benefits D．promotions
33．A．milk B．water C．coke D．coffee
34．A．based on B．fond of C．different from D．regarded as
35．A．cause B．indicate C．ease D．relieve
36．A．warn B．compare C．cure D．treat
37．A．unpleasant B．modest C．significant D．positive
38．A．lower B．higher C．shorter D．longer
39．A．in addition B．as a result C．for example D．in one word
40．A．turned up B．took up C．put up D．gave up
41．A．satisfaction B．uncertainties C．attention D．responses
42．A．Moreover B．However C．Otherwise D．Nevertheless
43．A．guilty B．similar C．different D．proper
44．A．realize B．Observe C．measure D．weaken
45．A．unlikely B．orderly C．jealous D．Capable
For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
For the country that invented railways, Britain has shown remarkably little interest in them lately. New networks have been built around Europe in the past few decades, but the only significant stretch of 46． laid in Britain in a century is the 67-mile HS1 railway that links London to the Channel Tunnel. 47． , the country has half as much track as it had in 1963. Yet while Britain has an almost American 48． to invest in railways, its commuting patterns are European; 10% of journeys are by rail, compared with 9% in Germany and less than 1% in America.
Britain's big 49． is that, because it has built no new high-speed lines, it runs fast intercity trains on the same track as slow commuter ones. Long 50． have to be left between slow and express trains. The need to make way for high-speed trains thus 51． the number of commuter services, and vice versa.
Eight years ago, the government decided to change this by building a new 345-mile railway from London to the north of England. Though branded as High Speed 2, its principal job was to boost capacity rather than 52． .
Rail is an increasingly significant part of the transport mix. Climate change is making carbon-efficiency even more important. At the same time, passenger numbers have gone beyond 53． . The government had expected passenger volumes to increase by 17%- 21% in the decade from 2011; actually, they were up by 24% within just seven years and are expected to go on 54． at a similar rate.
The benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) calculated for HS2, at around one, is hardly acknowledged. But just as the costs of big transport projects are often 55． , so are their long-term benefits. The extension to London's Jubilee tube line, 56． , was approved with a BCR of less than one, but recent analysis suggests that it has been more like 1.75. And that includes only the profits that go directly to the railway, not the 57． consequences of the recovery of London's Docklands area, which the tube line made possible.
The main point of HS2, similarly, is its impact on the cities and towns along its 58． and beyond. Boris Johnson, the prime minister, is on a mission to boost growth in northern and western areas 59． by the country's London-centred pattern of growth. On its own HS2 won't make that happen, but doing so without a new railway would be 60． . The success of the "Northern Powerhouse" rail scheme, to link the north's big towns, depends on it.
46．A．land B．track C．highway D．water
47．A．Besides B．Indeed C．Fortunately D．Likewise
48．A．qualification B．eagerness C．reluctance D．potential
49．A．theory B．ambition C．problem D．solution
50．A．gaps B．lists C．lines D．days
51．A．highlights B．increases C．counts D．limits
52．A．speed B．length C．quantity D．quality
53．A．records B．forecasts C．averages D．scopes
54．A．varying B．declining C．growing D．remaining
55．A．shared B．underestimated C．overlooked D．realized
56．A．for instance B．as a result
C．in addition D．out of problem
57．A．political B．cultural C．economic D．historic
58．A．back B．border C．surface D．route
59．A．settled down B．put forward C．taken over D．left behind
60．A．tough B．flexible C．innovative D．vacant
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
For thousands of
years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is to
explain it to others. "While we teach, we 61． ,
"said Roman philosopher Seneca. Now scientists are bringing this ancient
wisdom up-to-date. They're 62． why teaching is such a fruitful way to
learn.
Researchers have found
that students who teach others work harder to 63． the
material, and apply it more 64． . Student teachers score higher on tests
than pupils who're learning only for themselves. But how can children, 65． learning
themselves, teach others One
answer: They can teach younger kids.
Some studies have found that first-born children are more 66． than
their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹). This
suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their
siblings.
Now educators are
experimenting with ways to 67． this model to schoolwork. They engage
college undergraduates to teach computer science to high school students, who
then 68． instruct middle school students on the
topic. But the most cutting-edge tool is the "teachable agent"—a
computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions
just like a real-world puter scientists have created an
animated (动画的)figure called Betty's
Brain, who has been "taught" about science by middle school students.
Student teachers are motivated to help Betty 70． certain
materials. While preparing to teach, they organize their knowledge and improve
their understanding. And as they explain the information to it, they identify
problems in their own 71． .
Feedback from the
teachable agent 72． improves the teachers' learning. The
agents' questions drive student teachers to think and explain the materials in
different 73． , and watching the agent solve problems
allows the emotions one experiences into action. 74． ,
it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that help learning. Student
teachers feel 75． when their teachable agents fail, but
happy when these pupils succeed as they gain pride and satisfaction from
someone else's achievement.
61．A．learn B．doubt C．grow D．practice
62．A．valuing B．proving C．questioning D．assuming
63．A．prepare B．Preserve C．exchange D．understand
64．A．officially B．effectively C．fluently D．carefully
65．A．still B．even C．though D．once
66．A．curious B．energetic C．independent D．academic
67．A．add B．apply C．offer D．show
68．A．as well B．at once C．in turn D．of course
69．A．teacher B．parent C．sibling D．pupil
70．A．arrange B．mark C．master D．link
71．A．thinking B．reading C．inspiration D．guidance
72．A．shortly B．hardly C．rather D．further
73．A．ways B．cases C．places D．orders
74．A．In all B．After all C．Above all D．For all
75．A．satisfied B．sick C．pleased D．upset
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
You
may have noticed some changes in your grandparents. As they get old, they start
76． things. And the older they
get, the 77． things they will forget. For example, they may
not be able to 78． where they left their glasses, or they may
forget the names of their close friends. If you don't want to 79． memories very early, put down your sandwiches.
A new study published in a science magazine
shows that cutting calories can 80． people's (especially the old people's) memory.
Calorie
restriction (热量限制)
let lab animals live longer. And these 81． animals seemed to be 82． .
But it wasn't clear 83． it
was the same with people.
In
the latest 84． , scientists asked 50 elderly women to 85． the number of calories they consumed (吃,喝) by a third. After three months, the 86． found that the women were not only 87． ,
but they were better than they had been at 88． words — they remembered more words than ever,
which suggested that keeping calories under 89． could help keep the brain 90． .
In
a word, the less you eat, the more you will remember.
76．A．missing B．understanding C．forgetting D．loving
77．A．less B．more C．farther D．deeper
78．A．remember B．leave C．find D．believe
79．A．get B．close C．practice D．lose
80．A．reduce B．improve C．test D．damage
81．A．little B．happy C．dangerous D．hungry
82．A．healthier B．weaker C．higher D．better
83．A．what B．why C．whether D．how
84．A．magazine B．match C．study D．exercise
85．A．put B．cut C．increase D．take
86．A．researchers B．farmers C．teachers D．postmen
87．A．fatter B．higher C．shorter D．thinner
88．A．writing B．memorizing C．recognizing D．drawing
89．A．control B．limit C．reduction D．repair
90．A．weak B．tired C．fit D．hard
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Rockets were probably
invented by accident about 2000 years ago. The Chinese had a form of gunpowder
which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make 91． ·during festivals. Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire
instead of exploding in it. The Chinese discovered that the gunpowder 92． from the tube could lift it
into the air. The idea of the rocket was 93． .
The first 94． use of rockets was in 1232.
The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols. During the 95． of Kaifeng, the Song army 96． "arrows of flying
fire". The tubes were 97． to a long stick which helped keep the rocket
moving in a straight direction. 98． the Mongols learned how to
make rockets themselves and it is possible that they 99． them to Europe. Between the
13th and 15th century there were many rocket 100． in England, France and Italy.
They were used for military purposes. One Italian scientist even invented a
rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit a(an) 101． ship.
Not everybody wanted
to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese government official, invented a 102． chair. He fixed two big kites
to the chair, and 47 rockets to the kites. The rockets were lit, there was a
huge explosion and 103． of thick smoke. When the smoke 104． Wan Hu and his chair had
disappeared, no one knows what happened. Did Wan Hu die in the explosion Or
was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first 105．
91．A．cuisines B．decorations C．explosions D．differences
92．A．flying B．escaping C．firing D．going
93．A．born B．burst C．found D．improved
94．A．political B．official C．military D．scientific
95．A．occupation B．attack C．search D．battle
96．A．sent B．shot C．drove D．set
97．A．tied B．shaken C．wrapped D．blown
98．A．Finally B．Suddenly C．Soon D．Thus
99．A．delivered B．threw C．passed D．introduced
100．A．transformations B．performances
C．experiments D．exhibitions
101．A．business B．official C．transportation D．enemy
102．A．flying B．diving C．surfing D．blowing
103．A．packs B．clouds C．masses D．piles
104．A．faded B．completed C．lifted D．reflected
105．A．scientist B．researcher C．astronaut D．explorer
完形填空
Next week, as millions
of families gather for their Thanksgiving feasts
(大餐), many other Americans will go
without. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, more than 12
million households 106． enough
food for everyone in their family at some time during the year — including 107． .
Hunger is surprisingly
widespread in our country — one of the world's wealthiest — yet the government
estimates that we waste almost 100 billion pounds of food each year, more than
one-quarter of our total supply.
Reducing this improper
distribution of 108． is a goal of America's Second Harvest, the
nation's largest domestic hunger-relief organization. Last year, it 109． nearly
2 billion pounds of food to more than 23 million people in need.
America's Second
Harvest is a network of 214 inter-connected food banks and other organizations
that 110． food from growers, processors, grocery
stores and restaurants. 111． ,
the network distributes food to some 50,000 soup
kitchens (施食处), homeless 112． and
old people's centers in every county of every state.
A great deal of work
is involved in distributing tons of food from thousands of 113． to
thousands of small, non-profit organizations. Until a few years ago, America's
Second Harvest lacked any 114． way to manage their inventory (存货). Without
accurate and timely information, soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food
was left to 115． in loading places.
In 2000, America's
Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial-management system —
Ceres. It is a 116． designed specifically for hunger-relief
operations. It is used by more than 100 America's Second Harvest organizations
to 117． food from donation to distribution.
Ceres has helped 118． the
spoiling of food and improve distribution. An evaluation found that the
software streamlined (精简) food banks' operations by 23 percent in the first year alone.
With more accurate and
timely reports, Ceres saves time, frees staff members to focus on finding new
donors, and 119． more efficient use of donations.
Hunger in America
remains a(n) 120． social problem. Technology alone cannot solve
it. But in the hands of organizations such as America's Second Harvest, it is a
powerful tool that is helping to make a difference — and helping more Americans
to join in the feast.
106．A．serve B．lack C．reserve D．order
107．A．workdays B．birthdays C．holidays D．paydays
108．A．resources B．incomes C．missions D．services
109．A．exposed B．introduced C．distributed D．addicted
110．A．harvest B．prepare C．recommend D．gather
111．A．For
example B．In contrast C．Above all D．In turn
112．A．backyards B．shelters C．garages D．cabins
113．A．donors B．survivors C．farmers D．victims
114．A．innovative B．impressive C．effective D．productive
115．A．grow B．recycle C．spoil D．stir
116．A．theory B．action C．remedy D．software
117．A．advertise B．relieve C．track D．migrate
118．A．produce B．reduce C．shift D．simplify
119．A．promises B．ceases C．admits D．locates
120．A．troubling B．demanding C．touching D．imposing
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Children know the difference between right and wrong
before they reach the age of two, according to new research 121． recently.
Scientists have 122． that babies aged between
19 and 21 months understand fairness and can 123． it in different situations. They say it is the first time that
having a 124． of fairness has been identified in
children at such a young 125． .
Researchers say babies will watch a 126． for longer if they think it
contains something unfair, so in two experiments the babies were 127． on how long they watched a live scenario(情景)about fairness.
In the first, 19-month-olds 128． two giraffe puppets(玩偶) given either a toy each or both toys to one of the giraffes. Longer
looking times 129． that something was unusual or 130． to the baby. In this experiment, three-quarters of the babies looked
longer when one giraffe got 131． toys.
In a second experiment, two women 132． each other with a pile of small 133． between them and an empty
plastic box in front of each of them In one scenario, one woman 134． put the toys away, while the other kept playing, but both women were
given 135． . In another scenario, both women put
the toys away and both got a reward. The 136． 21-month-old babies looked reliably 137． when the worker and the slacker(偷懒的人) were rewarded equally.
Psychologist Stephanie Sloane, who led the study at Illinois
University, said:" We discovered that 19 and 21-month-old babies have a
general 138． of faimess, and they can apply it 139． to different situations. "
The 140． appear in Psychological Science, a
journal published by the Association for Psychological Science.
121．A．conducted B．reviewed C．published D．processed
122．A．hoped B．found C．warned D．agreed
123．A．apply B．feel C．prove D．access
124．A．range B．matter C．sense D．combination
125．A．life B．market C．age D．class
126．A．performance B．tape C．scene D．play
127．A．timed B．tested C．educated D．placed
128．A．received B．included C．took D．saw
129．A．recommended B．noted C．stated D．indicated
130．A．unique B．unexpected C．difficult D．unknown
131．A．several B．other C．both D．no
132．A．faced B．helped C．treated D．touched
133．A．books B．stones C．clothes D．toys
134．A．dutifully B．simply C．quickly D．eventually
135．A．instructions B．options C．credits D．rewards
136．A．growing B．watching C．crying D．sleeping
137．A．farther B．longer C．closer D．deeper
138．A．pattern B．description C．expectation D．explanation
139．A．directly B．early C．creatively D．appropriately
140．A．limitations B．requirements C．theories D．findings
For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
I've been fascinated by happiness most of my life. When I was a small boy, I noticed that though many of the adults around me were wealthy and educated, they were not always happy and this sometimes led them to behave in ways which l, as a child, thought strange. 141． , I decided to understand what happiness was and how best to achieve it. It was not surprising, then, that I decided to study 142． .
On arrival at the University of Chicago fifty years ago, I was 143． to find that academic psychologists were trying to understand human behavior by studying rats in a laboratory. I felt that there must be other more useful ways of learning how we think and feel. Although my original aim had been to achieve happiness for myself, I became more 144． _. I decided to build my career on trying to discover what made others happy also. I 145． by studying creative people such as musicians, artists and athletes because they were people who devoted their lives to doing what they wanted to do, 146． things that just brought them financial rewards.
Later, I 147． the study by inventing a system called" the experience sampling method". Ordinary people were asked to keep an electronic pager for a week which gave out a beeping sound eight times a day. Every time it did so, they 148． _where they were, what they were doing, how they felt and how much they were concentrating. This system has now been used on more than 10,000 people and the answers are 149． as with creative people, ordinary people are happiest when concentrating hard.
After carrying out thirty years of research and writing eighteen books, I believe I have 150． _that happiness is quite different from what most people imagine. People need more than just wealth and comfort in order to lead happy lives. I found that the most obvious cause of happiness is intense 151． _. This must be the main reason why activities such as music, art, literature and sports have survived. In order to stay focused, whether you're reading a poem or building a sandcastle, what you need is a challenge that 152． your ability. The way to remain continually 153． therefore, is to keep finding new opportunities to improve your skills. This may mean learning to do your job better or faster, or doing other more difficult jobs. As you grow older you have to find new challenges, which are more appropriate to your age.
I have spent my life studying happiness and now, as I look back, I wonder if I have 154． it. Overall, I think I have and my belief that l have found the 155． to its secret has increased my happiness immeasurably.
141．A．On the whole B．As a
result
C．To some degree D．In the meantime
142．A．physiology B．acting C．medicine D．psychology
143．A．disappointed B．amazed C．relieved D．annoyed
144．A．sympathetic B．ambitious C．idealistic D．doubtful
145．A．took off B．stood
up C．started out D．broke through
146．A．not to mention B．as
well as C．rather than D．in favor of
147．A．expanded B．interpreted C．defended D．evaluated
148．A．made up B．objected
to C．depended on D．noted down
149．A．consistent B．ambiguous C．common D．ridiculous
150．A．implied B．proved C．promised D．questioned
151．A．awareness B．pressure C．concentration D．desire
152．A．affords B．observes C．underrates D．matches
153．A．cautious B．healthy C．original D．happy
154．A．achieved B．deserved C．considered D．struck
155．A．references B．extensions C．keys D．links
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D；2．B；3．C；4．A；5．B；6．C；7．D；8．D；9．A；10．B；11．C；12．D；13．C；14．B；15．A
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文；其他类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同节奏和音量大小不同的音乐对我们的心率、乃至生命有很大影响。
【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
1．句意：根据这一经验，我们可以得出这样的结论：响亮而快速的音乐能加快心率。A. obtains获得；B. evaluates评价；C. measures测量；D. increases增加。根据上文"Have you experienced a condition when listening to a very loud music makes your heartbeat so fast that you can actually feel the heavy beating (你是否经历过这样的情况：听非常大声的音乐会让你的心跳非常快，以至于你能真切地感受到沉重的搏动？)"可知，快速而大声的音乐会加快心率。故选D。
2．句意：因此，当我们听声音大、速度快的音乐时，我们会感到高度焦虑和压力。A. nature自然；B. anxiety焦虑；C. respect尊重；D. security安全。根据下文"and stress"可知，声音大、速度快的音乐令人感到高度焦虑和压力。故选B。
3．句意：相反，轻柔的音乐与较慢的心率有关。A. integrated合并；B. changed改变；C. linked连接；D. marked标记。根据下文"to a slower heart rate"可知，轻柔的音乐与较慢的心率有关，短语be linked to表示"与……有关"。故选C。
4．句意：与那些听声音大、节奏快的音乐或根本不听音乐的人相比，听轻松音乐的人心率较慢。A. compared比较；B. adapted改编；C. exposed接触；D. opposed反对。根据下文"to those listening to loud and fast music, or those not listening to music at all"可知，此处将听轻松音乐的人和那些听声音大、节奏快的音乐或根本不听音乐的人进行比较。故选A。
5．句意：实验发现，音乐对心脏的影响基于大脑的功能。A. style风格；B. effect影响；C. fantasy幻想；D. beauty美丽。根据下文"of music on the heart"以及上文提到音乐快慢与心率有关可知，音乐对心脏有影响。故选B。
6．句意：当我们听到音乐时，声波被大脑转化为电脉冲。A. structure结构；B. music音乐；C. brain大脑；D. equipment装备。根据上文"on the functioning of the brain"可知，此处是在说明听音乐时，声波被大脑转化为电脉冲。故选C。
7．句意：那么，是不是只有轻柔的音乐才能产生这种效果呢？A. normal正常的；B. folk传统的；C. modern现代的；D. soft柔软的。根据下文"Well, listening to soft or relaxing music"可知，此处指轻柔的音乐。故选D。
8．句意：嗯，听柔和或放松的音乐肯定更有益。A. abnormal反常的；B. unbearable难以忍受的；C. unforgettable难忘的；D. beneficial有益的。根据上文可知，听柔和的音乐可以减慢心率，即更有益。故选D。
9．句意：然而，听你喜欢的任何类型的音乐都是有帮助的，而不是什么音乐都不听。A. helpful有帮助的；B. joyful快乐的；C. grateful感谢的；D. doubtful怀疑的。上文however表示转折，根据下文"rather than not listening to any music at all"可知，这里指听你喜欢的任何类型的音乐都是有帮助的，而不是什么音乐都不听。故选A。
10．句意：类似地，心率较快的人患心血管疾病的风险也更大。A. Interestingly有趣地；B. Similarly相似地；C. Absolutely绝对；D. Unbelievably难以置信地。根据上文"It is believed that people who have a slower heart rate have a longer life. (人们认为心率较慢的人寿命更长)"可知，心率较慢的人寿命更长，类似地，心率较快的人患心血管疾病的风险也更大。故选B。
11．句意：类似地，心率较快的人患心血管疾病的风险也更大。A. limit限制；B. competition比赛；C. risk风险；D. fame名誉。根据下文"of suffering from cardiovascular diseases"可知，此处指患心血管疾病的风险。故选C。
12．句意：当音乐减慢心率时，它会带来一种平静的感觉。A. temperature温度；B. medicine药物；C. dance舞蹈；D. music音乐。根据上文可知，全文都在说明慢速音乐对心脏的影响，此处指当音乐减慢心率时，它会带来一种平静的感觉。故选D。
13．句意：当音乐减慢心率时，它会带来一种平静的感觉。A. selflessness无私；B. helplessness无助；C. calmness平静；D. sadness悲伤。根据上文"slows down the heart rate, it brings about a feeling of"可知，音乐减慢心率时会带来一种平静的感觉。故选C。
14．句意：因此，它被用作一种放松技巧。A. learning学习；B. relaxation放松；C. permission允许；D. cooperation合作。根据上文"Well, listening to soft or relaxing music"可知，慢速音乐可以是一种放松技巧。故选B。
15．句意：我们可以这样总结："音乐治愈心灵"这句话不仅仅是一句谚语，而是一个事实！A. fact事实；B. resource资源；C. advice建议；D. intention意图。上文通过科学研究证实了"音乐治愈心灵"这句话，所以这句话不仅仅是一句谚语，而是一个事实。故选A。
【答案】16．A；17．D；18．C；19．B；20．D；21．A；22．C；23．B；24．D；25．C；26．B；27．A；28．C；29．D；30．B
【知识点】人物故事类；科普环保类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是11岁女生Gitanjali Rao研发出一款免费程序，可以灵敏探测水中的铅含量，赢得少年科学家挑战赛一等奖的故事。
【点评】考查完形填空。答题时首先要跳过空格，通读文章掌握大意。然后细读文章，字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
16．句意：上个月，她因其发明创造赢得了少年科学家奖。A. earned 赢得；B. designed 设计；C. offered 提供；D.made 制作。由上文的"her scientific spirit makes a huge difference"和后文 "award ceremony"，可知她的发明获得了奖励，所以是赢得奖项，故选A。
17．句意：激发 Gitanjali 工作的缘由是城市面临水中含有过量铅的危机。A. exposed 暴露，显示；B. improved 提升；C. defined 定义；D. inspired 激发，启示。从后文的"the idea"，可知此处强调发明创造的缘由，故选D。
18．句意：直到我看到父母尝试去做水质测试，我才想到这个主意。A. stick 坚持；B. belong 属于；C. occur 出现，发生；D. apply 适用于。occur to sb是固定短语，意"某人突然想起……"，故选C。
19．句意：测试条可能显示不准确的结果，因此不可靠。A. simple 简单的；B. reliable 可靠的；C. predictable 可预测的；D. creative 有创意的。根据上文中的"inaccurate"，可知结构不可靠，故选B。
20．句意：她随后坚持不懈地寻找合适的材料，终于发现碳纳米管可以被用来探测化学物质。A. initially 最初地；B. immediately 立刻地；C. temporarily 暂时地；D. eventually 最终地。根据上文中的"with continued efforts"，可知过程并不容易，故选D。
21．句意：她设法在学校使用 3D 打印机建造了一个小蓝箱，里面有计算机芯片和电池。A. managed 设法做成；B. promised 承诺；C. pretended 假装；D. happened 碰巧。根据文意，此处介绍发明的具体形式，经过努力，最终"设法manage"完成了设计，故选A。
22．句意：在电脑科学老师的指导下，她设计了一款免费 的程序。A. observation 观察；B. command 命令；C. instruction 指导；D. control 控制。根据下一段中的"Kathleen Shafer, a scientist paired with Gitanjali as her teacher in summer"，可知她的科学项目是在老师的指导下完成的，故选 C。
23．句意：这款程序可以给出瞬时的结果，并传送数据到相连接的手机上。A. access 通道；B. results 结果；C. decisions 决定；D. approval 同意。根据文意和此空后面的data可知，本句介绍程序的具体使用方法，此处指测试的数据结果，故选B。
24．句意：然而，设计项目的过程并不总是顺利的。A. optional 选择性的；B. complete 完整的；C. continuous 持续的；D. smooth 顺利的。根据下文内容可知，老师的指导和父母的鼓励给她提供了支持，同时 "though"表示转折，强调过程的不"顺利smooth"，故选D。
25．句意：Kathleen Shafer，与她组队担任她暑期教师的科学家，全程帮助了她。A ．changed 改变；B. risked 冒险；C. helped 帮助；D. followed 跟随。根据上文"under instruction from her computer science teacher"，可知老师给了她很大的帮助，此处选 C。
26．句意：在颁奖典礼上，她也感谢了父母亲不断的支持。A. stresses 给……压力；B. credits 把……归功于；C. impresses 使……印象深刻；D. provides 为……提供。上句话提到老师的帮助，此处是多亏了家长的的支持，故选B。
27．句意：她感谢父母持续的鼓励，去尝试"疯狂的想法"。A. encouragement 鼓励；B. request 请求；C. struggle 挣扎；D. pressure 压力。与空格前的"support支持"可以并列的只有选项中的"encouragement鼓励"，故选 A。
28．句意：她获得了奖金去进一步研发程序，同时获得了赢得比赛的荣誉。A. fortune 运气；B. intention 意图；C. honor 荣誉；D. potential 潜力。根据空格后" winning the contest赢得比赛，这是一项"荣誉honor，故选C。
29．句意：Shafer对她高度赞扬。A. keeps up with 与…… 齐头并进；B. gets along with 与……相处融洽；C. takes care of 照顾；D. speaks highly of 高度赞扬。根据下文的"she shows a lot of motivation她表现得很有动力"，可知 Shafer对Gitanjali评价很高，故选D。
30．句意：她展示出了极大的动力去通过科学的方式解决实际的问题。A. commercial 商业的；B. practical 实际的；C. academic 学术的；D. systematic 系统的。根据上文， Gitanjali 运用科学知识解决的是自己生活中饮用水铅元素超标的实际检测问题，故选B。
【答案】31．B；32．C；33．D；34．A；35．A；36．B；37．A；38．A；39．C；40．A；41．B；42．A；43．B；44．D；45．A
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究人员发现咖啡这种饮料或咖啡豆有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。同时文章说明了这项研究的过程以及研究结果，然而这项研究的作者警告说研究仍有许多不确定性。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
31．句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥，减少患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。A. take"带走"；B. reduce"减少"；C. increase"增加"；D. face"面对"。根据空后"promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one's risk of premature death"可知，此处讲述咖啡饮料的优点，故此处指减少患某些疾病的风险。故选B。
32．句意：研究人员已经发现证据表明，这种饮料或豆类有助于减肥，降低患某些疾病的风险，促进肌肉生长，预防某些类型的癌症，甚至可以降低过早死亡的风险，还有许多其他好处。A. trends"趋势"；B. advice"建议"；C. benefits"好处"；D. promotions"升职"。根据空前"promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers and can even reduce one's risk of premature death"讲述咖啡饮料的优点可知，这些都是这种饮料的优点好处，故选C。
33．句意：现在据说一杯咖啡可以减轻身体的疼痛。A. milk"牛奶"；B. water"水"；C. coke"可乐"；D. coffee"咖啡"。根据上文"Scientists in Norway have some good news for coffee drinkers."可知此处说的是咖啡。故选D。
34．句意：这一惊人的发现是基于一项涉及48名志愿者的研究，他们同意花90分钟执行电脑任务来完成办公室工作。A. based on"基于"；B. fond of"喜欢"；C. different from"不同于"；D. regarded as"被认为是"。根据空后"a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing computer tasks meant to finish office work."可知此处指这项发现是基于一项研究。故选A。
35．句意：这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。A. cause"造成"；B. indicate"表明"；C. ease"缓解"；D. relieve"解除"。结合常识和空后"pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists"可知这些任务会造成肩膀、脖子、前臂和手腕疼痛。故选A。
36．句意：研究人员想要比较有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人是如何忍受这类任务的疼痛的。A. warn"警告"；B. compare"比较"；C. cure"治愈"；D. treat"对待"。根据空后"how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated the pain of such tasks"可知，研究人员比较了有疼痛感的人和那些没有疼痛感的人。故选B。
37．句意：为了方便起见，科学家们允许人们在测试前喝咖啡，"以避免咖啡因缺乏的不良影响，如活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫。"A. unpleasant"不愉快的"；B. modest"谦虚的"；C. significant"意义重大的"；D. positive"积极的"。根据空后"decreased vigor, sleepiness, and exhaustion"可知活力下降、嗜睡和疲惫都是不良影响。unpleasant effects"不良影响"。故选A。
38．句意：到了分析数据时，来自挪威国家职业健康研究所和奥斯陆大学医院的研究人员注意到，喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。A. lower"更低的"；B. higher"更高的"；C. shorter"更短的"；D. longer"更长的"。根据下文"average pain was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the non-coffee drinkers"可知喝咖啡的19名受试者报告的疼痛强度低于不喝咖啡的29名受试者。故选A。
39．句意：例如，在肩部和颈部，喝咖啡的人的平均疼痛程度为41分(满分100分)，而不喝咖啡的人为55分。A. in addition"此外"；B. as a result"结果"；C. for example"例如"；D. in one word"总之"。根据上文"pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists."可知测试的身体部位有肩膀、脖子等，此处列举了肩部和颈部作为例子，故选C。
40．句意：在所有测量的痛觉部位都发现了类似的差异，结果发现咖啡有明显的止痛效果。A. turned up"出现"；B. took up"接受，占据"；C. put up"举起，张贴"；D. gave up"放弃"。根据空前"Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured,"可知测试中都表现出了咖啡的止痛效果，故选A。
41．句意：然而，本周发表在BMC Research Notes杂志上的这项研究的作者警告说，这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。A. preparations"准备"；B. uncertainties"不确定性"；C. centers"中心"；D. responses"响应"。根据下文"For starters, the researchers don't know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed before taking the computer tests."可知研究人员不知道喝咖啡的人在接受电脑测试前喝了多少咖啡，故这项研究的结果存在许多不确定性。故选B。
42．句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似。A. Moreover"此外"；B. However"然而"；C. Otherwise"否则"；D. Nevertheless"然而"。根据上文"For starters, the researchers don't know how much coffee the coffee drinkers consumed before taking the computer tests."表示进一步说明，故选A。
43．句意：此外，他们怀疑喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似。A. guilty"内疚的"；B. similar"相似的"；C. different"不同的"；D. proper"适当的"。根据空后"in all aspects except for their coffee consumption"可知，喝咖啡的人和不喝咖啡的人除了喝咖啡外，其他各方面是否相似对研究结果也会有影响。故选B。
44．句意：这类问题往往会削弱研究结果的重要性。A. realize"意识到"；B. observe"观察"；C. measure"测量"；D. weaken"削弱"。根据空前"Problems like these tend to"和空后"the importance of the findings"可知这些类似的问题往往会削弱研究结果的可信度，故选D。
45．句意：但这些疑虑不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因习惯的咖啡饮用者。A. unlikely"不可能的"；B. orderly"有序的"；C. jealous"嫉妒的"；D. capable"有能力的"。根据空后"trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit"可知这些疑虑不太可能困扰那些寻找任何理由不减少日常咖啡因习惯的咖啡饮用者。故选A。
【答案】46．B；47．B；48．A；49．C；50．A；51．D；52．A；53．B；54．C；55．B；56．A；57．C；58．D；59．D；60．A
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，解释了英国为什么要实施HS2计划的原因。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
46．句意：在过去的几十年里，欧洲各地都修建了新的铁路网络，但英国在一个世纪里铺设的唯一一段重要的铁轨是连接伦敦和英吉利海峡隧道的67英里长的HS1铁路。A. land"陆地"；B. track"轨道"；C. highway"公路"；D. water"水"。根据空后"the 67-mile HS1 railway"可知此处指英国在一个世纪里铺设的唯一一段重要的铁轨是连接伦敦和英吉利海峡隧道的67英里长的HS1铁路。故选B。
47．句意：事实上，这个国家现在的铁轨只有1963年的一半。A. Besides"此外"；B. Indeed|"确实，事实上"；C. Fortunately"幸运地"；D. Likewise"同样地"。根据空后"the country has half as much track as it had in 1963"是在陈述英国铁轨长度的事实。故选B。
48．句意：然而，尽管英国像美国人一样不愿投资铁路，但其通勤模式却是欧洲人的：10%的出行是乘火车，相比之下，德国是9%，美国是不到1%。A. qualification"资格"；B. eagerness"渴望"；C. reluctance"不情愿"；D. potential"潜能"。根据上文"the country has half as much track as it had in 1963"可知英国现在的铁轨只有1963年的一半，说明不愿意投资铁路建设。故选C。
49．句意：英国的大问题是，由于没有修建新的高速铁路，它在高速城际列车和慢速通勤列车的同一轨道上运行。A. theory"理论"；B. ambition"抱负"；C. problem"问题"；D. solution"解决方案"。根据空后"it runs fast intercity trains on the same track as slow commuter ones"是在描述英国铁路的问题。故选C。
50．句意：慢车和快车之间必须有很长的间隔。A. gaps"缺口，间隔"；B. lists"清单"；C. lines"队伍"；D. periods"时期"。根据上文"it runs fast intercity trains on the same track as slow commuter ones"以及后文"The need to make way for high-speed trains"可知，慢车和快车之间必须有很长的间隔。故选A。
51．句意：为高速列车让路的需要限制了通勤服务的数量，反之亦然。A. highlights"强调"；B. increases"增加"；C. counts"计数"；D. limits"限制"。根据空前"The need to make way for high-speed trains"可知，为高速列车让路的需要限制了通勤服务的数量。故选D。
52．句意：尽管被冠以"高速2号"的称号，但它的主要工作是提高容量，而不是速度。A. speed"速度"；B. length"长度"；C. quantity"数量"；D. quality"质量"。根据空前"its principal job was to improve capacity rather than"可知"高速2号"铁路的主要工作是提高容量，而不是速度。故选A。
53．句意：与此同时，乘客数量也超出了预期。A. records"记录"；B. forecasts"预言"；C. averages"平均"；D. scopes"范围"。根据下文"The government had expected passenger volumes to increase by 17-21% in the decade from 2011; actually, they were up by 24% within just seven years"可知乘客数量在增加，超出了预期。故选B。
54．句意：政府曾预计，在2011年之后的十年里，客运量将增长17到21%；实际上，在短短7年时间里，他们增长了24%，并预计将继续以类似的速度增长。A. varying"变化"；B. declining"下降"；C. growing"成长"；D. remaining"保持"。根据空前"The government had expected passenger volumes to increase by 17-21% in the decade from 2011; actually, they were up by 24% within just seven years"可知乘客数量在增加，并且预计将继续以类似的速度增长。故选C。
55．句意：但是，正如大型运输项目的成本经常被低估一样，它们的长期利益也是如此。A. shared"分享"；B. underestimated"低估"；C. overlooked"忽略"；D. realized "认识到，实现"。根据空前"The benefit-to-cost ratio (BCR) calculated for HS2, at around one, is hardly acknowledged. But just as the costs of big transport projects are often"可知，HS2的效益成本比率约为1，这几乎不为人知，说明成本经常被低估。故选B。
56．句意：例如，伦敦朱比里地铁线的扩建工程获得批准时，BCR低于1，但最近的分析显示，BCR更接近1.75。A. for instance"例如"；B. as a result"结果"；C. in addition"此外"；D. out of problem"毫无疑问"。此处是在就上文提到的大型运输项目长期利益被低估而进行举例，故选A。
57．句意：而且，这只包括直接流向铁路的利润，而不包括伦敦码头区复苏的经济后果，而这正是地铁线路所带来的。A. political"政治的"；B. cultural"文化的"；C. economic"经济的"；D. historic"历史的"。根据空后"consequences of the recovery of London's Docklands area"指地铁线路为伦敦码头区的经济带来复苏。故选C。
58．句意：同样，HS2项目的重点在于其对沿线及周边城镇的影响。A. back "后面，后背"；B. border"边界"；C. surface"表面"；D. route"路线"。根据空前"towns along its"指铁路沿线，应用route。故选D。
59．句意：英国首相鲍里斯 约翰逊的使命是促进北部和西部地区的增长，这两个地区被英国以伦敦为中心的增长模式抛在了后面。A. settled down"定居"；B. put forward"提出"；C. taken over"接管"；D. left behind"遗留"。根据空前"Boris Johnson, the prime minister, is on a mission to promote growth in northern and western areas"可知，促进北部和西部地区是被英国以伦敦为中心的增长模式抛在后面的区域，故选D。
60．句意：HS2单靠自己无法实现这一点，但如果没有一条新的铁路，实现这一目标将会非常困难。A. tough"艰难的"；B. flexible"灵活的"；C. innovative"革新的"；D. vacant"空着的"。根据空前"On its own HS2 won't make that happen, but doing so without a new railway would be"可知，HS2单靠自己无法实现这一点，但如果没有一条新的铁路，实现这一目标将会非常困难。故选A。
【答案】61．A；62．B；63．D；64．B；65．A；66．D；67．B；68．C；69．D；70．C；71．A；72．D；73．A；74．C；75．D
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，通过研究者的研究以及教育家的实验证明了教别人是一种有效的学习方式。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
61．句意：罗马哲学家塞内加说过：“我们一边教书，一边学习。”A. learn“学习”；B. doubt“怀疑”；C. grow“生长”；D. practice“练习”。根据上文“the best way to understand a concept is to explain it to others”可知，此处表示“我们一边教书，一边学习”。故选A。
62．句意：他们在证明为什么教学是一种卓有成效的学习方式。A. valuing“评价”；B. proving“证明”；C. questioning“质疑”；D. assuming“假设”。根据上文“Now scientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date”可知，他们在证明为什么教学是一种卓有成效的学习方式。故选B。
63．句意：研究人员发现，教别人的学生更努力地理解材料，并更有效地应用它。A. prepare“准备”；B. preserve“保存”；C. exchange“交换”；D. understand“理解”。根据上文“the best way to understand a concept”和下文“the material”可知，句子表示“教别人的学生更努力地理解材料”。故选D。
64．句意：研究人员发现，教别人的学生更努力地理解材料，并更有效地应用它。A. officially“官方地”；B. effectively“有效地”；C. fluently“流利地”；D. carefully“仔细地”。根据下文“Student teachers score higher on tests than pupils who're learning only for themselves”可知，教别人的学生更努力地理解材料，并更有效地应用它。故选B。
65．句意：但是，那些仍在学习的孩子怎么能教别人呢？A. still“仍然”；B. even“甚至”；C. though“然而”；D. once“曾经”。根据空前“children”和空后“learning themselves”可知，句子表示“那些仍在学习的孩子怎么能教别人”。故选A。
66．句意：一些研究发现，头胎的孩子比后生的兄弟姐妹学习能力更强。A. curious“好奇的”；B. energetic“精力充沛的”；C. independent“独立的”；D. academic“善于学习的”。根据下文“This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings”可知，头胎的孩子比后生的兄弟姐妹学习能力更强。故选D。
67．句意：现在，教育家们正在试验将这种模式应用到学校作业中的方法。A. add“加”；B. apply“应用”；C. offer“主动提供”；D. show“展示”。根据空后“this model to schoolwork”可知，教育家们正在试验将这种模式应用到学校作业中的方法。故选B。
68．句意：他们聘请大学本科生向高中生教授计算机科学，高中生则转而指导中学生。A. as well“同样地”；B. at once“立刻”；C. in turn“转而”；D. of course“当然”。根据空前“teach computer science to high school students”和空后“instruct middle school students on the topic”可知，他们聘请大学本科生向高中生教授计算机科学，高中生则转而指导中学生。故选C。
69．句意：但最先进的工具是可教的“代理”——一个计算机化的角色，它像现实世界的学生一样学习、尝试、犯错误并提出问题。A. teacher“老师”；B. parent“父母”；C. sibling“兄弟姊妹”；D. pupil“学生”。根据空前“a computerized character who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks questions just like a real-world”可知，句子表示“它像现实世界的学生一样学习、尝试、犯错误并提出问题”。故选D。
70．句意：实习老师有动力帮助贝蒂掌握某些材料。A. arrange“安排”；B. mark“标记”；C. master“掌握”；D. link“连接”。根据上文“students who teach others work harder to 3 the material”和下文“certain materials”可知，句子表示“实习老师有动力帮助贝蒂掌握某些材料”。故选C。
71．句意：当他们向它解释信息时，他们发现了自己思维中的问题。A. thinking“思维”；B. reading“阅读”；C. inspiration“灵感”；D. guidance“指引”。根据空前“they identify problems in their own”可知，句子表示“当他们向它解释信息时，他们发现了自己思维中的问题”。故选A。
72．句意：可教代理的反馈进一步提高了教师的学习效果。A. shortly“立刻”；B. hardly“几乎不”；C. rather“相当”；D. further“进一步地”。根据空前“Feedback from the teachable agent”和空后“improves the teachers' learning”可知，句子表示“可教代理的反馈进一步提高了教师的学习效果”。故选D。
73．句意：代理的问题驱使学生教师以不同的方式思考和解释材料，观看代理解决问题可以让一个人的情感体验转化为行动。A. ways“方式”；B. cases“例子”；C. places“地方”；D. orders“命令”。根据空前“explain the materials in different”可知，句子表示“代理的问题驱使学生教师以不同的方式思考和解释材料”。故选A。
74．句意：首先，一个人在教学中经历的情绪有助于学习。A. In all“总共”；B. After all“毕竟”；C. Above all“首先”；D. For all“对所有人来说”。根据空前“watching the agent solve problems allows the emotions one experiences into action”可知，句子表示“首先，一个人在教学中经历的情绪有助于学习”。故选C。
75．句意：当他们的可教的学生失败时，实习老师会感到沮丧，但当这些学生成功时，他们会从别人的成就中获得骄傲和满足，他们会感到高兴。A. satisfied“满意的”；B. sick“生病的”；C. pleased“愉快的”；D. upset“沮丧的”。根据空后“when their teachable agents fail”可知，当他们的可教的学生失败时，实习老师会感到沮丧。故选D。
【答案】76．C；77．B；78．A；79．D；80．B；81．D；82．A；83．C；84．C；85．B；86．A；87．D；88．B；89．A；90．C
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明，控制饮食有助于保持良好的记忆力。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，主语从句，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
76．句意：随着年龄的增长，他们开始忘记事情。A：missing“丢失的”；B：understanding“理解人的”；C：forgetting“忘记”；D：loving“有爱心的”。 根据常识及语境可知，人老了就开始忘事情。故选C。
77．句意：他们年纪越大，忘记的事情就越多。A：less“更少的”；B：more“更多的”；C：farther“更远的”；D：deeper “更深的”。根据常识可知年纪越大，忘记的事情就越多。故选B。
78．句意：例如，他们可能记不起眼镜落在哪里，或者他们可能忘记了密友的名字。A：remember“记住”；B：leave“离开”；C：find“发现”；D：believe“相信”。 此处是举的例子，"忘记了"即"想不起来"，故选A。
79．句意：如果你不想很早失去记忆，就放下三明治。A：get“得到”；B：close“关闭”；C：practice“练习”；D：lose“失去，丢失”。 "忘记了一些事情"相当于说"失去了一些记忆"，故选D。
80．句意：一项发表在科学杂志上的新研究表明，减少热量可以提高人们（尤其是老年人）的记忆力。A：reduce“减少”；B：improve“提高，改善”；C：test“测试”；D：damage“损害”。 根据下文可知，研究者发现，这些研究对象记住了比以前多的单词，也就是说，她们的记忆力提高了，即，限制热量的摄取有助于改善人们的记忆力。故选B。
81．句意：这些饥饿的动物似乎更健康。A：little“小的”；B：happy“高兴的”；C：dangerous“危险的”；D：hungry “饥饿的”。根据上文“ Calorie restriction (热量限制) let lab animals live longer. ”可知，研究者限制了这些动物的热量摄取，这会使它们产生饥饿感。故选D。
82．句意：这些饥饿的动物似乎更健康。A：healthier“更健康的”；B：weaker“更虚弱的”；C：higher“更高的”；D：better “更好的”。根据语境可知，此处指这些饥饿的动物似乎更健康，故选A。
83．句意：但目前还不清楚人们是否也如此。A：what“什么”；B：why“为什么”；C：whether“是否”；D：how “怎样”。此处是whether引导的主语从句，故选C。
84．句意：在最新的研究中，科学家要求50名老年女性将她们消耗的热量减少三分之一。A：magazine“杂志”；B：match“比赛”；C：study“研究”；D：exercise“练习”。 根据下文可知，科学家们在进行研究。故选C。
85．句意：在最新的研究中，科学家要求50名老年女性将她们消耗的热量减少三分之一。A：put“放置”；B：cut“割，切”；C：increase“增加”；D：take “带走”。根据语境可知，科学家们让五十个老年妇女减少卡路里的摄入。故选B。
86．句意：三个月后，研究人员发现，这些女性不仅瘦了，而且在记忆单词方面也比以前更好——她们记住的单词比以往任何时候都多，这表明控制热量有助于保持大脑健康。A：researchers“研究者”；B：farmers“农民”；C：teachers“教师”；D：postmen“邮递员”。根据上下文逻辑可知，此处应该填进行研究的人，即，研究者。故选A。
87．句意：三个月后，研究人员发现，这些女性不仅瘦了，而且在记忆单词方面也比以前更好——她们记住的单词比以往任何时候都多，这表明控制热量有助于保持大脑健康。A：fatter“更胖的”；B：higher“更高的”；C：shorter“更短的”；D：thinner“更瘦的”。 根据上文"...scientists asked 50 elderly women to 10 _the number of calories they consumed by a third. After three months, ..."可推知，减少热量的摄入，三个月后必然会变瘦。故选D。
88．句意：三个月后，研究人员发现，这些女性不仅瘦了，而且在记忆单词方面也比以前更好——她们记住的单词比以往任何时候都多，这表明控制热量有助于保持大脑健康。A：writing“写”；B：memorizing“记忆”；C：recognizing“认识到”；D：drawing“绘画”。 根据空后"... they remembered more words than ever."可知，她们更擅长记单词了。故选D。
89．句意：三个月后，研究人员发现，这些女性不仅瘦了，而且在记忆单词方面也比以前更好——她们记住的单词比以往任何时候都多，这表明控制热量有助于保持大脑健康。A：control“控制”；B：limit“限制”；C：reduction“减少”；D：repair“修理” 。under control固定短语，"被控制"，故选A。
90．句意：三个月后，研究人员发现，这些女性不仅瘦了，而且在记忆单词方面也比以前更好——她们记住的单词比以往任何时候都多，这表明控制热量有助于保持大脑健康。A：weak“虚弱”；B：tired“累的”；C：fit“适合的”；D：hard “艰难的”。根据语境可知，全文都在讲控制热量摄入量可以帮助提高记忆力，也就是说控制热量摄取可以帮助保持大脑健康。故选C。
【答案】91．C；92．B；93．A；94．C；95．D；96．B；97．A；98．C；99．D；100．C；101．D；102．A；103．B；104．C；105．C
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了火箭的发明和传播过程。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
91．句意：中国人有一种装在竹筒里的火药，在节日期间被扔进火里去制造爆炸。A. cuisines“烹饪”；B. decorations“装饰”；C. explosions“爆炸”；D. differences“差异”。根据空前“The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to…”和下文“Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it.”可推知，把装了火药的竹筒扔进火里是为制造爆炸。故选C。
92．句意：中国人发现，从管子中逸出的火药可能会把它送到空中。A. flying“飞行”；B. escaping“逃跑，逃逸”；C. firing“开火”；D. going“离开”。 根据上文“Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes”和空后“from the tube could lift it into the air.”，并结合常识可以推知，从竹筒里逃逸的火药把竹筒送入空中。故选B。
93．句意：火箭的想法就诞生了。A. born“诞生”；B. burst“爆发”；C. found“发现”；D. improved“改善”。根据上文“Rockets were probably invented by accident about 2000 years ago.”可知第一段介绍了如何偶然发明火箭的想法，所以应该是表达“火箭的想法就诞生了。”。故选A。
94．句意：火箭第一次在军事上的使用是在1232年。A. political“政治的”；B. official“官方的”；C. military“军事的”；D. scientific“科学的”。根据下文“The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.”，可知这句应该表达的是“火箭在军事上的使用”。故选C。
95．句意：在开封战役中，宋军射出了“飞火之箭”。A. occupation“占领”；B. attack“攻击'；C. search"搜寻"；D. battle"战斗"。根据上文“The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols.”和空后“the Song army”推断这里讲述的应该是开封战役。故选D。
96．句意：在开封战役中，宋军射出了“飞火之箭”。A. sent“邮寄”；B. shot“发射，射击”；C. drove“驾驶”；D. set“设置”。根据空后“arrows of flying fire” 可知宋军发射了火箭。故选B。
97．句意：这些管子连接在一根长杆上，这根长杆帮助火箭沿直线移动。A. tied“系”；B. shaken“摇晃”；C. wrapped“包裹”；D. blown“吹”。根据空前“The tubes” 和空后“to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.”可推断是“被连接到一根长杆上”，故选A。
98．句意：很快，蒙古人学会了如何自己制造火箭，很可能他们把火箭引进到欧洲。A. Finally“最后”；B. Suddenly“突然地”；C. Soon“很快”；D. Thus“因此”。根据空后“the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves”可知，经过与宋军交战，蒙古人很快学会了制造火箭。故选C。
99．句意：很快，蒙古人学会了如何自己制造火箭，很可能他们把火箭引进到欧洲。A. delivered“递送”；B. threw“扔”；C. passed“通过”；D. introduced“介绍，引进”。根据空后“them to Europe.”和下文“England, France and Italy”英国、法国和意大利，可知，蒙古人把火箭引入欧洲。故选D。
100．句意：在13世纪到15世纪之间，英国、法国和意大利进行了许多火箭实验。A. transformations“转变”；B. performances“表演”；C. experiments“实验”；D. exhibitions“展览”。根据下文“They were used for military purposes.” 和“ One Italian scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water ”一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以在水面上飞行的火箭，可推断是“进行了许多火箭实验”。故选C。
101．句意：一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以在水面上飞行并击中敌舰的火箭。A. business“商业，买卖”；B. official“官员，高级职员”；C. transportation“运输”；D. enemy“敌人”。根据上文“They were used for military purposes”推断这里应该是“发明了一种可以在水面上飞行并击中敌舰的火箭。”，enemy ship“敌舰”。故选D。
102．句意：中国政府官员万虎发明了一把飞天椅。A. flying“飞行”；B. diving“潜水”；C. surfing“冲浪”；D. blowing“吹风”。根据上文“Not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.”和下文“Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first 15 ”，可推断，万虎想要的不是武器，而是飞天的工具——飞天椅。故选A。
103．句意：火箭被点燃，发生了巨大的爆炸，浓烟滚滚。A. packs“包”；B. clouds“云，云状物”；C. masses“大量，许多”；D. piles“一堆”。结合常识，火箭被点燃，出现大量的浓烟，像云朵一样，clouds of thick smoke“浓烟滚滚”。故选B。
104．句意：当烟雾消散时，万虎和他的椅子消失了，没人知道发生了什么。A. faded“褪色”；B. completed“完成”；C. lifted“提起”；D. reflected“反射，反思”。根据空后“Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared, no one knows what happened.”，可推断是烟雾消散后的场景。故选C。
105．句意：还是他被带到了数英里外的太空，成为了世界上第一位宇航员？A. scientist“科学家”；B. researcher“研究员”；C. astronaut“宇航员”；D. explorer“探险家”。结合本段叙述的万虎发明飞天椅和空前“miles into space”可推断，他可能“成为了世界上第一位宇航员”。故选C。
【答案】106．B；107．C；108．A；109．C；110．D；111．D；112．B；113．A；114．C；115．C；116．D；117．C；118．B；119．A；120．A
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了美国第二丰收组织为了优化社会捐赠食物的合理分配，使用一种叫做Ceres的软件，从而有效地解决捐赠食物的处理问题。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
106．句意：根据美国农业部的数据，超过1200万户家庭在一年中的某个时候，包括节假日，缺少足够的食物供每个家庭成员食用。A. serve“为……服务”；B. lack“缺乏”；C. reserve“保留，预定”；D. order“命令”。根据下文"Hunger"可知，1200万户家庭应该是缺乏食物。故选B。
107．句意：根据美国农业部的数据，超过1200万户家庭在一年中的某个时候，包括节假日，缺少足够的食物供每个家庭成员食用。A. workdays“工作日”；B. birthdays“生日”；C. holidays“节假日”；D. paydays“发薪日”。根据空前"at some time during the year"和"including"可知，此处表示包括节假日。故选C。
108．句意：减少这种不合理的资源分配是美国第二丰收组织的目标之一，该组织是美国国内最大的饥饿救济组织。A. resources“资源”；B. incomes“收入”；C. missions“使命”；D. services“服务”。根据空后"the nation's largest domestic hunger-relief organization"可知，该组织的目的是减少不合理的资源分配。故选A。
109．句意：去年，该组织向2300多万需要帮助的人分发了近20亿磅粮食。A. exposed“暴露”；B. introduced“介绍，引进”；C. distributed“分发”；D. addicted“使……上瘾”。根据上文"distribution"可知，此处指该组织向2300多万需要帮助的人分发了近20亿磅粮食。故选C。
110．句意：美国第二丰收组织是一个由214个相互联系的食品银行和其他组织组成的网络，从种植者、加工商、杂货店和餐馆处收集食品。A. harvest“收获”；B. prepare“准备”；C. recommend“推荐”；D. gather“收集”。根据空后"from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants"可知，此处表示收集食物。故选D。
111．句意：反过来，该网络向每州每县的约5万个施食处、无家可归者收容所和老年人中心分发食物。A. For example“举例”；B. In contrast“与此相反”；C. Above all“首先”；D. In turn“反过来”。根据上文"gather food from"和本句"distributes food to"推测，此句中的行为与上文的行为正好反过来。故选D。
112．句意：反过来，该网络向每州每县的约5万个施食处、无家可归者收容所和老年人中心分发食物。A. backyards“后院”；B. shelters“庇护所”；C. garages“车库”；D. cabins“小屋”。根据空前"homeless"推测，此处是指庇护所、收容所。故选B。
113．句意：大量的工作涉及从成千上万捐助者向成千上万的小型非营利组织分发的成吨的食品。A. donors“捐助者”；B. survivors“幸存者”；C. farmers“农民”；D. victims“受害者”。根据上文"from growers, processors, grocery stores and restaurants"可知，此处的食物是社会各部分捐赠而来的。故选A。
114．句意：直到几年前，美国的第二丰收组织还没有任何有效的方法来管理他们的库存。A. innovative“创新的”；B. impressive“令人印象深刻的”；C. effective“有效的”；D. productive“高产的”。根据下文"Without accurate and timely information, soup kitchens were sometimes empty while food was left to 10 in loading places."可知，此处表示没有管理食物的有效方法。故选C。
115．句意：由于没有准确和及时的信息，施食处有时会空无一人，而食物则被留在装运地点变质。A. grow“成长”；B. recycle“循环”；C. spoil“腐败，变质”；D. stir“搅拌”。根据空前"soup kitchens were sometimes empty"及"white"可知，此处的食物应该是留在装运地点变质腐败。故选C。
116．句意：这是一款专门为救济饥饿而设计的软件。A. theory“原理”；B. action“行动”；C. remedy“补救”；D. software“软件”。根据空前"In 2000, America's Second Harvest began to use a new inventory and financial-management system — Ceres."可知，Ceres是一种软件系统。故选D。
117．句意：它被100多个美国第二丰收组织用来追踪食物从捐赠到分发的全过程。A. advertise“广告”；B. relieve“解除，减轻”；C. track“追踪”；D. migrate“移居”。根据空后"food from donation to distribution"可知，此处应该是用Ceres系统来追踪食物的捐赠到分发的过程。故选C。
118．句意：Ceres帮助食物减少腐烂并改善分配。A. produce“生产”；B. reduce“减少”；C. shift“转移，变换”；D. simplify“简化”。根据空后"improve the situation"可知，此处应该是帮助减少食物腐败。故选B。
119．句意：由于报告更加准确和及时，Ceres节省了时间，使工作人员有时间专注于寻找新的捐助者，并承诺更有效地利用捐赠物。A. promises“承诺”；B. ceases“停止”；C. admits“承认”；D. locates“定位”。此句表示Ceres的优点，根据空后"more efficient use of donations"可知，此处应该是指Ceres承诺更高效的捐赠物利用率。故选A。
120．句意：饥饿在美国仍然是一个令人不安的社会问题。A. troubling“令人不安的”；B. demanding“要求高的”；C. touching“令人感动的”；D. imposing“壮观的”。根据下文"Technology alone cannot solve it."可知，此处表示饥饿在美国仍然是一个令人不安的问题。故选A。
【答案】121．C；122．B；123．A；124．C；125．C；126．C；127．A；128．D；129．D；130．B；131．C；132．A；133．D；134．A；135．D；136．B；137．B；138．C；139．D；140．D
【知识点】科普环保类；说明文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，最新研究表明，孩子在两岁之前就知道对与错的区别。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，