2024届高考英语复习:阅读理解专项训练(含解析)

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名称 2024届高考英语复习:阅读理解专项训练(含解析)
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更新时间 2024-04-28 12:42:04

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阅读理解
阅读理解
Legend has it that centuries ago, manatees(海牛) used to be mistaken for mermaids, so a sight last week at one Florida state park would have put ancient sailors in shock.
Blue Spring State Park is home to one of the largest winter gathering sites for manatees in Florida, and recently, the park reached a new record when the number of manatees spotted in one group was nearly 1,000.
Manatees typically flock to the park during the winter months. According to a Facebook post from the non-profit Save the Manatee Club, January 21 was one of the coldest mornings of the Florida winter season so far. The temperature of the St. Johns River, which Blue Spring sits on, was recorded at 14.9℃.
To survive the cold winter weather, manatees will seek out water that is typically warmer than 20℃. This is because despite their thick-looking bodies, the blubbery animal affectionately known as the sea cow only has "about an inch of fat and a very slow metabolism(新陈代谢),meaning they cannot easily stay warm," says the state park.
Since their spring water remains at a constant 22.2℃, and is protected from human recreational activity, Blue Spring makes the perfect manatee shelter during the colder months. "What's more, many manatees rely on artificial warm water sources from power plants, and these might be going offline in the near future. So having some of these manatees come to these natural warm water sites and finding them is really encouraging," says Cora Berchem, a research associate and the director of multimedia at Save the Manatee Club.
According to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, there are anywhere between about 7,000 to 11,000 manatees in Florida, which represents a large increase over the past 25 years.
1.What does the underlined phrase "flock to" in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Escape from. B.Drop into. C.Depart from. D.Flood into.
2.What do we know about Blue Spring
A.It serves as a recreation center.
B.The temperature remains at 22.2℃.
C.It is a well-preserved state park.
D.Power plants heat the shelter there.
3.What might be discussed following the last paragraph
A.Importance of protecting manatees.
B.Why manatees' population grows.
C.Unique living habits of manatees.
D.How manatees fight against cold.
4.Which might be the best title for the text
A.A Club Taking Measures to Rescue Manatees
B.A Record Number of Manatees Spotted in Florida
C.Florida: the Largest Winter Shelter for Manatees
D.Manatees: an Animal Resistant to Cold Weather
阅读理解
Many footballers struggle when they leave the beautiful game for retirement in their mid-thirties, with stories that are sad or even terrible. However, in his new book Kicking On!, Tony Rickson reveals the footballers who have achieved success after retirement, whether it's by setting up charities, helping others cope, creating multi-million-pound businesses or going into media, politics or back into the football world.
Tony Adams, a former footballer, set up a charitable foundation more than 20 years ago called Sporting Chance and said it's one of his greatest achievements. He's wrong. Despite all the cups he won while captaining Arsenal during a highly successful 22-year career at his only club, and all the times he played for England, it is his greatest achievement. Not just one of them.
As Adams admits in his memorable book, Addicted, he suffered from alcoholism and drug abuse while still a professional footballer. Setting up Sporting Chance was his response, and ever since it's treated and supported sports professionals suffering from drink or drug problems. The charity's offer is: "We understand that it takes courage to ask for help, either during or following a career in sport, so when you're ready to reach out, we're ready for you."
Since retiring from playing in 2002, Adams, who has a statue in his honor outside the Arsenal ground, has managed and coached in several countries alongside his charity work. He told The Sun: "What happened in my life with alcohol makes me feel so sad but also grateful that I found a way out of it. I've had highs and lows, in and out of football, given up playing and gone into coaching and management. I've not had a drink through any of it. My self-esteem (自尊) has come back and I am all right."
The self-assessment as "all right" also applied to his 2022 appearance in TV's StrictlyCome Dancing, when Adams showed an admirable ability to laugh at himself.
5.What is Adams' greatest achievement according to Rickson
A.Setting up Sporting Chance.
B.Captaining the team Arsenal.
C.Playing for England all his life.
D.Writing his bestseller Addicted.
6.What problem did Adams have as a professional footballer
A.Losing his position on the team.
B.Lack of courage to seek advice.
C.Addiction to alcohol and drugs.
D.Tense relations with teammates.
7.What can we infer about Adams from Paragraph 4
A.Adams worked as a coach immediately he retired.
B.Charity work made Adams recognized in his circle.
C.Adams began his football career at the age of 22.
D.Arsenal thinks highly of Adams' contribution to it.
8.What is the text
A.A news report. B.A biography.
C.An introduction to a book. D.An entry of a diary.
阅读理解
Are you looking to bridge the gap between lifestyle and health, and start the positive journey of living longer and better
If so, then Goldster can help. Our friendly community embraces the challenges, the triumphs, and the aspirations of ageing, through live online classes for all levels of abilities. Classes are science-backed, hosted by industry-leading experts and designed for the over 50s.
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Simply log onto http://promo. goldster.co.uk/rd5 to claim your five free classes or scan the QR code al the bottom of the page.
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9.Who is an intended reader of this text
A.A young lady who is planning to lose weight.
B.A teenager who is interested in online courses.
C.A man in his late 30s who wants to live a healthy life.
D.An elderly woman who seeks to live longer and better.
10.Which is NOT included in Goldster's classes
A.Flower arrangement. B.Fitness training.
C.Sleep improvement. D.Writing practice.
11.What is the type of this text
A.A health report. B.An advertisement.
C.An announcement. D.An introduction.
阅读理解
The taste of champagne as we know it could change beyond recognition in the coming years. As global temperatures continue to rise, the climate crisis poses a threat to the production of wine.
The supply of Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot Meunier, among other popular wine-making grapes, are at risk. By 2050, about 85% of the lands that we grow good wine grapes on will no longer produce suitable wine grapes.
Grapes are susceptible to even the most subtle changes in weather. "Wine is kind of the canary (金丝雀) in the coal mine for climate change impacts on agriculture because so much of the character of wine is tied to the local climate. said Benjamin Cook, a climate scientist. He published a paper in 2020 examining the effects of climate change on agriculture and how the diversity of grapes can increase their resilience to such changes.
He adds that scientists are "seeing pretty much all plants, including wine grapevines, start their lifecycle in the growing season earlier, and often finish up earlier. You basically ripen your fruit earlier and typically you harvest earlier. In the Champagne region of France, these changes can alter the distinctive personalities of grapes grown there. "If it matures too quickly, the ratio of acidity and sugar might be different. "Cook said.
A grape's qualities are dependent on its environment. With a warming planet, it's harder to produce grapes that make champagne taste sweeter and boozier (酒精浓度高的). "For instance, in a chardonnay grape, what you're looking for in a cooler climate is generally an apple taste, whereas in a warmer climate the warmth can change the grapes qualities to be more like a tropical fruit, or even banana-like. "said Spiess.
One of the many ways farmers and winemakers are trying to alleviate the effects of climate change on grape production is site selection. "Places like Belgium and the Netherlands and Sweden, they're experiencing positive effects of climate change as the planet is warming. Spiess said. As different regions in the world experience the effects of climate change differently, they may start to have more ideal climate conditions for wine making.
The downside for those Swedish winemakers If those champagne grapes aren't grown in the Champagne region of France, you can't call it champagne, which is a protected designation of origin.
So how do you say "bubbly" in Swedish
12.How does the climate change threaten the production of wine
A.By increasing the diversity of grapes.
B.By increasing the cost of wine making.
C.By intensify the competition between winemakers.
D.By reducing the production of suitable wine-making grapes.
13.What does the underlined word "susceptible" in paragraph 3 probably mean
A.Sensitive. B.Resistant. C.Adaptable. D.Tolerant.
14.Which of the following statements is true
A.The lifecycle of wine grapevines is becoming longer.
B.A chardonnay grape may taste like banana in cooler climate.
C.Grapes' ratio of acidity and sugar influences champagne's taste.
D.Wine making in Sweden faces the same challenge as that in France.
15.Which can be the best title of the text
A.Will champagne become sweeter
B.Why is champagne called champagne
C.Could Champagne soon stop producing champagne
D.What impact does climate change have on agriculture
阅读理解
Young soldiers, far away from home and missing their families, discover a bear cub. That's how the story of Wojtek begins, back in
1942. He was alone in the mountains of Iran; nobody knows how he got there.
When the exhausted Polish soldiers came upon Wojtek, they were immediately struck with emotions. They had been away from their loved ones for a long time. They needed something to pick their spirits up. So, they nursed the baby bear with milk from a bottle and named him Wojtek, which means: a warrior to whom fighting brings joy.
Wojtek was officially adopted into the army. He traveled with the army to the Middle East, providing comradery and entertainment. He would wrestle with the men, chase after oranges they cast for him and follow them about like a puppy. He became their connection to humanity in a time when the light of peace seemed so far away. And, like a child, he was also playful. In the desert heat, he learned how to break into the showers and turn on the water. He could also be seen pulling trunks of empty gun shells with the men or standing at attention in formation. Wojtek was also the chief frightener of new members: He would literally bear hug them and hold them upside down for a good laugh.
Getting through the hardship of war takes something extraordinary, something unexpectedly dangerous to preserve your mental state. That's what Wojtek did for the men who had been so long in the fog and uncertainty of World War II. A playful bear became the symbol of strength and adaptability. Thankfully, wars ended but Wojtek was not forgotten. He was shipped with a group of men to a farm in Scotland, which was a fitting place to retire for a bear with so much military experience. Wojtek was a local celebrity. Stories of him kicking a soccer ball, attending local dances and parties, and enjoying jam and honey are still told today. And to everyone who knew him, Wojtek was the one that made a difficult time a little more bearable.
16.How did the Polish soldiers react after they found the bear
A.They were hit by the bear.
B.They accepted him and fed him.
C.They called Wojtek names.
D.They brought joy to him like warriors.
17.What did Wojtek do in the army
A.He would run after and eat up the oranges thrown by the soldiers.
B.He could pull branches with the soldiers to the army camp.
C.He would stand and listen attentively for information.
D.He would play tricks on those newly-joined soldiers.
18.What happened to Wojtek after World War II
A.He became famous and brought joy to the locals in a farm in Scotland.
B.He settled down with the Polish army in a farm in Scotland.
C.He enjoyed his life in another army in a farm in Scotland.
D.He was shipped to his hometown with the help of the Polish soldiers.
19.What is the best title of the passage
A.Wojtek: The Wild Warrior in the Desert Storm
B.Wojtek: From the Frontlines to a Hairy Friend
C.A Lifelong Bear Friend with the Scottish Locals
D.Bearing Witness: The Remarkable Tale of the Polish Army
阅读理解
Despite its benefits, drinking milk into adulthood, let alone other animals' milk, is a strange behavior in the animal kingdom. What makes it even stranger is that an estimated 68 percent of the global human population is actually lactose (乳糖) intolerant. Scientists are still getting to the bottom of why the practice began and continued. This research could unlock new understandings of our food cultures and even our DNA.
The earliest evidence of animal milk drinking dates back almost
9. 000 years to modern-day Turkey near the sea of Marmara. where milk fats have been found on ancient pottery. According to Jessica Hendy. a scientist at the University of York. then milk would have been part of a diverse diet for it was mixed with other food. From its origins, the technology of making use of milk spread into the Caucasus and then across Europe. By the Bronze Age, people may have been using cow's milk to feed their babies.
For a long time, researchers believed that milk drinking changed as a cultural practice hand in hand with the spread of genetic mutations (变异) that allowed people to tolerate milk into adulthood. But one recent finding suggests milk drinking occurred before these mutations and might not even require them. In Europe. people appear to have been drinking milk for thousands of years before any genetic ability to drink milk became common. The ancient cheese making equipment might offer part of the solution: Fermenting (发酵) milk into yogurt. cheese, or other products reduces the amount of lactose. In Mongolia. researchers have not yet found a genetic mutation that allows people to digest lactose, despite the major role of milk in that culture. So some scientists held that there might be other potential factors helping.
What we do know about the history of milk reveals how wrong-headed one-size-fits-all nutritional guidance can be. In modern America. milk drinking has been presented as a universal good. In reality, how milk is prepared can change the nutritional picture, and how much our bodies process depends, at least in part. on our own genes.
20.What can we learn about milk drinking from paragraph 2
A.It used to be a symbol of identity.
B.It initially started with little babies.
C.It was the key diet of ancient people.
D.It has been a human tradition for long.
21.Why does the author mention Europe in paragraph 3
A.To give a suggestion. B.To define a concept.
C.To make a prediction. D.To clarify a finding.
22.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Milk consumption functions as a cure-all.
B.Milk intake varies from person to person.
C.Milk's nutritional value is beyond imagination.
D.One's milk digestive ability changes constantly.
23.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.The Mystery of Drinking Milk
B.The Process of Genetic Mutations
C.The Phenomenon of Lactose Intolerance
D.The Technology of Making Milk Products
阅读理解
Whether you are a lifelong bookworm or are trying to develop a love for reading in your kids, the 2024 Miami Book Fair is for you.
When and Where Is the Fair
This much-loved South Florida event will be held from May 12 to 18, 2024 at the MDC Wolfson Campus Plaza in Downtown Miami.
What to Expect at the Fair
This year, the fair will feature more than 400 celebrated authors from around the world. There will be a rich collection of writers and their works of almost every type under the sun. Readers can not only explore arts and crafts, but also experience face painting and book giveaways. For green writers, it's a place to connect with their favorite editors. For book lovers, it's an opportunity to get autographs (亲笔签名) from many popular authors and ask them some questions. During this week-long book feast, you will find a group of events running from morning to night.
How Much Does the Fair Cost
On Friday. the fair is free. On Saturday or Sunday, it is 10 for an adult for one day, or you can get a two-day pass for $ 15. Kids under age 12 can attend for free and the kid aged 13-18 is $5 per day.
So mark your calendars, head to Downtown Miami, and enjoy yourself in the heart of the city's literary scene.
24.What can visitors do at the fair
A.Donate used books. B.Explore Downtown Miami.
C.Enjoy a dinner party. D.Interact with popular authors.
25.How much should a couple with two kids under 12 pay for the Sunday fair
A.$ 30. B.$25. C.$ 20. D.$ 15.
26.What is the purpose of the text
A.To advertise a fair. B.To raise money.
C.To introduce a city. D.To recommend books.
阅读理解
As founder of the Global Water Policy Project and lead expert for National Geographic's Freshwater Initiative, Sandra's goal is to promote the conservation and sustainable use of the Earth's freshwater resources.
Sandra says she grew up in New York as a Long Island beach kid. She was always a ware of the "comfort, peace, and balance" offered by the natural world, especially the environments of wetlands and rivers. Before starting work on a project, Sandra considers an area's "geography of water": the amount of water in the area's basin, the population, and the agricultural use of water. The geography of water helps Sandra determine an area's water stress. Water stress is the situation where a community is using more water than nature made available.
Sandra first became aware of the concept of water stress after reading Swedish hydrologist Malin Falkenmark's book Water for a Starving World. This groundbreaking work linked water use, food and population. As Sandra began to understand water stress, she realized it affects everything, from a community's development to its political security. "So many great civilizations developed alongside rivers and lakes," she says, pointing to the ancient civilizations of Ur (between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers), Egypt (which developed on the Nile), and the Indus River Valley.
Today, Sandra points out, more than 200 rivers are shared between two or more nations. Dams and other river management techniques implemented (实施) by nations upstream have a huge impact on nations downstream. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers have their sources in Turkey, for example, but their basins are in Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. River management from Turkey would impact the freshwater available to these countries for drinking, hygiene (卫生), industry, and transportation.
Water management has become part of many nations' foreign policy. Sandra points to the Mekong River Commission. The headwaters of the Mekong River are in China, although the basin is nearly 800,000 square kilometers and includes the nations of Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam. Many governments are members of the Mekong River Commission, which promotes sustainable development of the water supply.
27.What did water mean to Sandra as a child
A.It represented a kind of spirit.
B.It caused stress to her life.
C.It brought many obstacles to her.
D.It offered a way for transportation.
28.What can we learn from paragraph 3
A.Water stress was perfectly settled.
B.Water contributed much to the world culture.
C.Water had no impact on the steadiness of a nation.
D.Water crisis was recognized before Malin's book.
29.What inspiration can we get from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
A.Upstream countries have priorities.
B.Every country has its policy for rivers.
C.Rivers across countries are decreasing.
D.Source governance of rivers is critical.
30.What's the purpose of the author taking the Mekong River as an example
A.To show its importance to the locals.
B.To emphasize its great volume of flow.
C.To show the power of cooperation.
D.To tell its challenges to related nations.
阅读理解
Inspired by the effortless way humans handle objects without seeing them, a team led by engineers at the University of California San Diego has developed a new approach that enables a robotic hand to rotate (旋转) objects alone through touch, without relying on vision.
Using their technique, the researchers built a robotic hand that can smoothly rotate a wide variety of objects, such as small toys, cans, and even fruits and vegetables, without damaging them. The robotic hand performed these tasks using only information based on touch. The work could aid in the development of robots that can manipulate objects in the dark. To build their system, the researchers attached 16 touch sensors to the palm (掌心) and fingers of a four-fingered robotic hand. Each sensor costs about $12 and serves a simple function: detect whether an object is touching it or not.
What makes this approach unique is that it relies on many low-cost touch sensors that use simple, binary (二进制的) signals — touch or no touch — to perform robotic in-hand rotation. These sensors are spread over a large area of the robotic hand. This contrasts with a variety of other approaches that rely on a few high-cost touch sensors attached to a small area of the robotic hand,primarily at the fingertips.
The researchers then tested their system on the real-life robotic hand with objects that the system has not yet encountered. The robotic hand was able to rotate a variety of objects without losing its hold. The objects included a tomato,pepper,a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck,which was the most challenging object due to its shape.
Wang and his team are now working on extending their approach to more complex operation tasks. They are currently developing techniques to enable robotic hands to throw and catch, for example. "If we can give robots this skill, that will open the door to the kinds of tasks they can perform," said Wang.
31.What does the underlined word "manipulate" probably mean in paragraph 2
A.Remove. B.Control. C.Recognize. D.Distribute.
32.What do we know about the touch sensors of the robotic hand
A.They are quite expensive.
B.They are mainly in the fingertips.
C.They perform complex tasks.
D.They cover most of its area.
33.What do the researchers' tests on the robotic hand focus on
A.How well they can function.
B.How fast they can perform tasks.
C.How accurate they will be.
D.How intelligent they become.
34.What does Wang think of their current work on the robotic hand
A.Challenging. B.Promising. C.Efficient. D.Eventful.
阅读理解
Four new books to read
The books that are included in this list can meet your reading needs at any time of year.
Nobody Will Tell You This but Me
Bess Kalb
In this book, the author shares the advice her beloved grandmother Bobby left her. Bobby was a powerful woman who should never be underestimated, and she was very knowledgeable about the family's traditions and secrets. The book proves that family bonds can endure through generations and beyond death.
We Came Here to Shine
Susie Orman Schnall
We Came Here to Shine focuses on the strong female friendship between an aspiring journalist and an unlucky actress at the 1939 New York World's Fair. Leaning on each other, these two ambitious women struggled against adversity(困境) at a time when women had little say.
A Star Is Bored
Byron Lane
Favored by television star Jonathan Van Ness, this novel is partly based on the author's experiences as the former personal assistant to Carrie Fisher, a legendary American actress. The book follows Charlie Besson, the new assistant to the Hollywood icon, Kathi Kannon. Their three-year journey together is an unforgettable adventure that is funny, heartbreaking, and hopeful.
Fast Girls
Elise Hooper
The story in Fast Girls took place during the 1936 Berlin Olympics, where Betty Robinson, Louise Stokes, and Helen Stephens overcame difficult pasts to attain Olympic glory as the world's fastest female athletes. Beyond the athletic journey, they also aimed to challenge the social standards of what females can achieve.
35.Who is the character in Bess Kalb's book
A.Bobby. B.Susie Orman Schnall.
C.Carrie Fisher. D.Betty Robinson.
36.What kind of book is A Star Is Bored
A.A biography. B.An industry report.
C.A real-life based novel. D.A fictional adventure story.
37.Which of the following books will you choose if you are interested in sports
A.We Came Here to Shine B.Nobody Will Tell You This but Me
C.A Star Is Bored D.Fast Girls
答案解析部分
【答案】1.D
2.C
3.B
4.B
【知识点】推理判断题;词义猜测题;细节理解题;新闻报道类;标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道,报道了关于海牛在佛罗里达州蓝泉州立公园聚集的新闻,提供了关于海牛数量、聚集原因以及保护海牛的重要性的信息。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和标题归纳四个题型的考查,是一篇新闻报道,通读全文,理解文章大意,阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容,仔细核对,选择符合原文原意的答案,完成后再次阅读并检查。
1.考查词义猜测。根据第二段"Blue Spring State Park is home to one of the largest winter gathering sites for manatees in Florida, and recently, the park reached a new record when the number of manatees spotted in one group was nearly 1,000.("蓝泉州立公园是佛罗里达州最大的海牛冬季聚集地之一,最近,该公园创下了一项新纪录,一群海牛的数量接近1000只;第四段中的"To survive the cold winter weather, manatees will seek out water that is typically warmer than 20 ℃."为了在寒冷的冬季生存,海牛会寻找温度通常高于20℃的水域;以及第五段中的"Since their spring water remains at a constant 22.2℃, and is protected from human recreational activity, Blue Spring makes the perfect manatee shelter during the colder months."由于这里的泉水保持在恒定的22.2℃,而且不受人类娱乐活动的影响,所以在寒冷的月份里,蓝泉是海牛的完美避难所。可知,大量的海牛为了在寒冷的冬季生存,会涌入蓝泉州立公园,可推知划线词flock to是"蜂拥"之意,故选D。
2.考查细节理解。根据第五段中的"Since their spring water remains at a constant 22.2 ℃, and is protected from human recreational activity, Blue Spring makes the perfect manatee shelter during the colder months."由于这里的泉水保持在恒定的22.2℃,而且不受人类娱乐活动的影响,所以在寒冷的月份里,蓝泉是海牛的完美避难所。可知,公园不受人类娱乐活动的影响,所以这是一个保存完好的州立公园。故选C。
3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段"According to the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission, there are anywhere between about 7,000 to 11,000 manatees in Florida, which represents a large increase over the past 25 years."根据佛罗里达州鱼类和野生动物保护委员会的数据,佛罗里达州大约有7000到11000头海牛,这在过去的25年里有了很大的增长。可知,本段讲述海牛数量大量增长,之后可能会探讨海牛增长的原因。故选B。
4.考查标题归纳。根据第二段"Blue Spring State Park is home to one of the largest winter gathering sites for manatees in Florida, and recently, the park reached a new record when the number of manatees spotted in one group was nearly 1,000."蓝泉州立公园是佛罗里达州最大的海牛冬季聚集地之一,最近,该公园创下了一项新纪录,一群海牛的数量接近1000只;以及纵观全文可知,本文主要讲述了海牛在佛罗里达州蓝泉州立公园聚集,并创下了一项新纪录,"在佛罗里达州发现了创纪录数量的海牛"适合作本文标题。故选B。
【答案】5.A
6.C
7.D
8.C
【知识点】推理判断题;细节理解题;说明文;人物传记类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,通过介绍一本书讲述了英格兰著名足球运动员托尼·亚当斯在退役后的慈善行动。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇人物类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
5.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Tony Rickson reveals the footballers who have achieved success after retirement, whether it's by setting up charities…"托尼·亚当斯揭示了退役后取得成功的足球运动员,无论是通过建立慈善机构……;第二段中的"Tony Adams, a former footballer, set up a charitable foundation more than 20 years ago called Sporting Chance and said it's one of his greatest achievements."前足球运动员托尼·亚当斯在20多年前建立了一个名为Sporting Chance的慈善基金会,他说这是他最大的成就之一。可知,作家在书中讲述了球员退役后的成就,例如建立慈善机构,托尼·亚当斯建立了名为Sporting Chance的慈善机构,故选A。
6.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"As Adams admits in his memorable book, Addicted, he suffered from alcoholism and drug abuse while still a professional footballer"正如亚当斯在他那本令人难忘的书Addicted中所承认的,当他还是一名职业足球运动员时,他就饱受酗酒和滥用药物的折磨。可知,托尼·亚当斯在职业生涯中面临酗酒和药物滥用的问题,故选C。
7.考查推理判断。根据第四段中"Since retiring from playing in 2002, Adams, who has a statue in his honor outside the Arsenal ground, has managed and coached in several countries alongside his charity work."自2002年退役以来,亚当斯一直在多个国家执教和执教,同时还从事慈善工作,在阿森纳球场外有一座他的雕像。可知,阿森纳为亚当斯在球场外树立雕像一定是因为球队认可他的贡献,故选D。
8.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"However, in his new book Kicking On! Tony Rickson reveals the footballers who have achieved success after retirement, whether it's by setting up charities, helping others cope, creating multi-million-pound businesses or going into media, politics or back into the football world."然而,在他的新书《Kicking On!》中,托尼·亚当斯揭示了退役后取得成功的足球运动员,无论是通过建立慈善机构,帮助他人应对,创建数百万英镑的企业,还是进入媒体,政治或回到足球世界。可知,本文围绕一本新书《Kicking On!》展开介绍,故文体类型为图书介绍,故选C。
【答案】9.D
10.A
11.B
【知识点】推理判断题;细节理解题;时文广告类;应用文
【解析】【分析】本文为一篇应用文,介绍了专为50岁以上的老年人设计的,让老年人活得更长更健康的Goldster网络直播课。
【点评】考查阅读理解,包含细节理解题、推理判断题,是一篇广告,注意先略读文章,掌握文章大意,再分析题干及选项,到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
9.考查细节理解。根据文章第一段"Are you looking to bridge the gap between lifestyle and health, and start the positive journey of living longer and better "你是否想要弥补生活方式和健康之间的差距,开启活得更长更健康的积极之旅?;以及第二段中的"Classes are science-backed, hosted by industry-leading experts and designed for the over 50s."课程是以科学为基础,有行业领先专家主持,专为50多岁的人设计。可知,这个课程专为想要活得更长更健康的老年人设计的,故选D。
10.考查细节理解。根据第三段"With up to 20 live classes daily, there's always something to enjoy, from Pilates and Tai Chi to Resistance Training and Dance-there are even fitness classes suitable for all levels if you fancy something a-little more energetic."每天都20多节现场课程,总有一些值得享受的东西,从普拉提和太极到阻力训练和舞蹈,如果你想要精力充沛的话,甚至还有适合所有级别的健康课程;第四段"Or if you prefer, craft your creativity with Creative Writing, Poetry and Art and sharpen your cognition with Brain Training classes and our highly acclaimed book club."或者,如果你愿意,可以通过创意写作、诗歌和艺术来培养你的创造力,并通过大脑训练课程和我们备受赞誉的读书俱乐部来提高你的认知能力;以及第五段"You can even capture some calm and melt into some-meditation (冥想), mindfulness and self-massage with classes that help to invite a peaceful night's sleep."你甚至可以捕捉一些平静、融入一些冥想、正念和自我按摩课程来促进一整晚平静的睡眠。可知,Goldster的课程有健康课程、睡眠提升课以及写作练习课程,不包含插花课程,故选A。
11.考查推理判断。根据第一段"Are you looking to bridge the gap between lifestyle and health, and start the positive journey of living longer and better "你是想要弥补生活方式和健康之间的差距,开启活得更长更健康的积极之旅?;以及后文对Goldster直播课程的介绍可知,本文主要是为了宣传Goldster这一网络直播课程,因此本文是一则广告,故选B。
【答案】12.D
13.A
14.C
15.C
【知识点】词义猜测题;细节理解题;说明文;环境保护类;标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,探讨了全球气候变化对葡萄酒产业,特别是香槟酒生产的影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和标题归纳三个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,通读全文,理解文章大意,阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容,仔细核对,选择符合原文原意的答案,完成后再次阅读并检查。
12.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"By 2050, about 85% of the lands that we grow good wine grapes on will no longer produce suitable wine grapes."到2050年,我们种植优质酿酒葡萄的土地中,约85%将不再生产合适的酿酒葡萄。可知,这意味着到2050年,大约85%的原本适合种植优质酿酒葡萄的土地将不再能产出适合酿酒的葡萄。因此,气候变化威胁葡萄酒生产的方式是减少了适合酿酒的葡萄的产量。故选D。
13.考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的"‘Wine is kind of the canary (金丝雀) in the coal mine for climate change impacts on agriculture because so much of the character of wine is tied to the local climate.' said Benjamin Cook, a climate scientist.""就气候变化对农业的影响而言,葡萄酒就像是煤矿里的金丝雀,因为葡萄酒的很多特性都与当地气候有关。"气候科学家 Benjamin Cook说。可知,气候学家将葡萄就像煤矿里的金丝雀,与气候密切相关。可推测,葡萄对于气候的变化很敏感,也就是说葡萄容易受到气候的影响。故选A。
14.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"In the Champagne region of France, these changes can alter the distinctive personalities of grapes grown there. ‘If it matures too quickly, the ratio of acidity and sugar might be different.' Cook said."在法国的香槟产区,这些变化可以改变葡萄的独特个性。"如果它成熟得太快,酸度和糖分的比例可能会不同。" Cook说;以及第五段中的"A grape's qualities are dependent on its environment. With a warming planet, it's harder to produce grapes that make champagne taste sweeter and boozier (酒精浓度高的)."葡萄的品质取决于它生长的环境。随着全球变暖,越来越难生产出能让香槟口感更甜、酒精浓度高的葡萄。可知,葡萄的酸度和糖分的比例会影响香槟的味道。故选C。
15.考查标题归纳。根据第一段"The taste of champagne as we know it could change beyond recognition in the coming years. As global temperatures continue to rise, the climate crisis poses a threat to the production of wine."我们所知道的香槟的味道在未来几年可能会变得面目全非。随着全球气温持续上升,气候危机对葡萄酒的生产构成了威胁;以及倒数第二段"The downside for those Swedish winemakers If those champagne grapes aren't grown in the Champagne region of France, you can't call it champagne, which is a protected designation of origin."这些瑞典酿酒师的不利之处是什么?如果这些香槟葡萄不是生长在法国香槟地区,你就不能称它为香槟,这是受保护的原产地名称;结合全文内容可知,文章主要讨论的是气候变化对香槟生产的影响,特别是由于气候变化导致适合种植酿酒葡萄的土地减少,这可能威胁到香槟的生产。"香槟很快就会停止生产香槟吗?"点明了文章讨论的核心问题,即气候变化可能导致香槟产区的葡萄种植受影响,进而影响到香槟的生产。故选C。
【答案】16.B
17.D
18.A
19.B
【知识点】细节理解题;故事阅读类;记叙文;标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了二战期间波兰士兵发现了一只小熊,士兵们收养了它,随后这只小熊跟随士兵们上了前线,为士兵们提供了精神上的慰藉。二战结束后,士兵们把这只叫做Wojtek的熊送到了苏格兰的一个农场去养老,同时,它也给当地的人们带去了欢乐。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和标题归纳两个题型的考查,是一篇故事类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
16.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"So, they nursed the baby bear with milk from a bottle and named him Wojtek, which means: a warrior to whom fighting brings joy. "于是,他们用奶瓶里的奶喂养了这只小熊,并给它起名叫Wojtek,意思是"一个以战斗为乐的战士"可知,波兰士兵发现小熊后,接受了它并开始喂养它。故选B。
17.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Wojtek was also the chief frightener of new members: He would literally bear hug them and hold them upside down for a good laugh."Wojtek也是新成员最害怕的人:他真的会拥抱他们,并把他们倒立起来,让他们开怀大笑。可知,Wojtek会捉弄那些新入伍的士兵。故选D。
18.考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Wojtek was a local celebrity. Stories of him kicking a soccer ball, attending local dances and parties, and enjoying jam and honey are still told today. And to everyone who knew him, Wojtek was the one that made a difficult time a little more bearable."Wojtek是当地的名人。他踢足球、参加当地舞会和派对、享用果酱和蜂蜜的故事至今仍在流传。对于所有认识他的人来说,Wojtek让那个艰难的时刻变得更容易忍受。可知,二战结束后,Wojtek在当地非常有名,给苏格兰一个当地农场的人们带来了欢乐。故选A。
19.考查标题归纳。根据第一段中的"Young soldiers, far away from home and missing their families, discover a bear cub. That's how the story of Wojtek begins, back in 1942. "远离家乡、想念家人的年轻士兵发现了一只小熊。1942 年,Wojtek的故事就这样开始了;以及最后一段中的" He was shipped with a group of men to a farm in Scotland, which was a fitting place to retire for a bear with so much military experience. Wojtek was a local celebrity. Stories of him kicking a soccer ball, attending local dances and parties, and enjoying jam and honey are still told today. And to everyone who knew him, Wojtek was the one that made a difficult time a little more bearable."他和一群人一起被运到苏格兰的一个农场,对于一只有这么多军事经验的熊来说,那里是一个适合退休的地方。沃伊泰克是当地的名人。他踢足球、参加当地舞会和聚会、享用果酱和蜂蜜的故事至今仍在流传。对所有认识他的人来说,沃伊泰克是那个让艰难时刻变得更容易忍受的人。可知,文章主要讲述了小熊Wojtek在战时被士兵收养,他在战场上给士兵们带去了慰藉。战争结束后,他被送到苏格兰的农场养老,给当地的人们带去了欢乐。"Wojtek:从前线到成为毛茸茸的朋友"适合作本文的标题。故选B。
【答案】20.D
21.D
22.B
23.A
【知识点】推理判断题;细节理解题;说明文;科普类;标题选择
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人类饮用动物奶对动物界行为的异类行为,以及乳糖不耐受现象。科学家们正在研究饮奶习惯的起源及延续的原因,并认为这项研究可能揭示食物文化和DNA的新理解。文章提到了早期的动物奶饮用证据以及饮奶技术的传播过程,以及最近的研究发现,强调了单一的营养指导可能会忽视个体差异和文化背景。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和标题归纳三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,首先要仔细阅读短文,掌握大意,然后结合具体的题目,再读短文,从中找出相关信息,就可以确定正确答案。
20.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"The earliest evidence of animal milk drinking dates back almost 9,000 years"饮用动物奶的最早证据可以追溯到近九千年前的现代土耳其马尔马拉海附近。可知,第二段说明了使用牛奶作为食物是人类长久以来的传统。故选D。
21.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的" In Europe. people appear to have been drinking milk for thousands of years before any genetic ability to drink milk became common. The ancient cheese making equipment might offer part of the solution: Fermenting (发酵) milk into yogurt. cheese, or other products reduces the amount of lactose."在欧洲。 在喝牛奶的遗传能力变得普遍之前,人们似乎已经喝牛奶了数千年。 古老的奶酪制作设备可能提供部分解决方案:将牛奶发酵成酸奶。 奶酪或其他产品可以减少乳糖的含量;以及"one recent finding suggests milk drinking occurred before these mutations and might not even require them."但最近的一项发现表明,喝牛奶发生在这些突变之前,甚至可能不需要它们。可知作者提到欧洲是为了阐明一项研究发现。故选D。
22.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"What we do know about the history of milk reveals how wrong-headed one-size-fits-all nutritional guidance can be."我们对牛奶历史的了解揭示了一刀切的营养指导是多么错误;以及"In reality, how milk is prepared can change the nutritional picture, and how much our bodies process depends, at least in part. on our own genes."事实上,牛奶的制备方式可以改变营养状况,而我们的身体消化多少取决于,至少部分取决于。 取决于我们自己的基因。可推知牛奶的吸收因人而异。故选B。
23.考查标题归纳。根据第一段中的"What makes it even stranger is that an estimated 68 percent of the global human population is actually lactose (乳糖) intolerant."更奇怪的是,据估计全球 68% 的人口实际上患有乳糖不耐症;第二段中的"The earliest evidence of animal milk drinking dates back almost 9,000 years"饮用动物奶的最早证据可以追溯到近九千年前的现代土耳其马尔马拉海附近;以及最后一段中的"researchers have not yet found a genetic mutation that allows people to digest lactose, despite the major role of milk in that culture. So some scientists held that there might be other potential factors helping."可知全文主要涉及"人们如何开始食用牛奶""为何部分人乳糖不耐受""基因突变既然不是人们能够消化牛奶的原因,那么是什么因素让人们可以吸收牛奶"等问题展开,归纳起来即为"牛奶食用之谜"。故选A。
【答案】24.D
25.C
26.A
【知识点】推理判断题;细节理解题;时文广告类;应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了2024年迈阿密书展的相关信息,包括书展的时间、地点、活动内容和门票价格等。
【点评】考查阅读理解,包含细节理解题、推理判断题,是一篇介绍类阅读,注意先略读文章,掌握文章大意,再分析题干及选项,到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
24.考查细节理解。根据 What to Expect at the Fair 部分中的"For book lovers, it's an opportunity to get autographs (亲笔签名) from many popular authors and ask them some questions."对于书迷来说,这是一个获得许多知名作家签名并向他们提问的机会。可知,游客在书展上可以与知名作家互动。故选D。
25.考查细节理解。根据 How Much Does the Fair Cost 部分中的"On Saturday or Sunday, it is 10 for an adult for one day, or you can get a two-day pass for $15. Kids under age 12 can attend for free and the kid aged 13—18 is $5 per day.("在周六或周日,成人一天的票价是10美元,或者你可以花15美元买一张两天的出入证。12岁以下的孩子可以免费参加,13—18岁的孩子每天5美元。可知,星期天成人票价10美元,12岁以下孩子免费,所以一对夫妇和两个12岁以下的孩子星期天参加书展只需要20美元。故选C。
26.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Whether you are a lifelong bookworm or are trying to develop a love for reading in your kids, the 2024 Miami Book Fair is for you."无论你是一个终身书虫,还是想培养孩子对阅读的热爱,2024年迈阿密书展都是为你准备的;和下文对书展的介绍可知,文章的目的是为书展做广告。故选A。
【答案】27.A
28.B
29.D
30.C
【知识点】推理判断题;细节理解题;人物传记类;记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了全球水政策项目的创始人和《国家地理》淡水倡议的首席专家Sandra在全球淡水的保护与可持续利用方面所做出的努力。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇人物类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
27.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"She was always a ware of the ‘comfort, peace, and balance' offered by the natural world, especially the environments of wetlands and rivers."她一直关注大自然,尤其是湿地和河流环境所提供的"舒适、和平与平衡",可推知,水对于孩子时的Sandra来说代表着一种精神。故选A。
28.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"‘So many great civilizations developed alongside rivers and lakes,' she says, pointing to the ancient civilizations of Ur (between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers), Egypt (which developed on the Nile), and the Indus River Valley. ""许多伟大的文明都是沿着河流和湖泊发展起来的,"她说,她指的是乌尔(底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间)、埃及(尼罗河上发展起来的)和印度河流域的古代文明。可知,水在世界文明中起到重要作用。故选B。
29.考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"Dams and other river management techniques implemented (实施) by nations upstream have a huge impact on nations downstream."上游国家实施的水坝和其他河流管理技术对下游国家产生了巨大影响。可推知,上游国家对河流的管理非常重要。故选D。
30.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"Many governments are members of the Mekong River Commission, which promotes sustainable development of the water supply."许多政府都是湄公河委员会的成员,该委员会旨在促进水资源供应的可持续发展。可知,合作治理在提升水供应的可持续发展中发挥了重大作用。可推知,作者以湄公河为例的目的是展示合作的力量。故选C。
【答案】31.B
32.D
33.A
34.B
【知识点】推理判断题;词义猜测题;细节理解题;说明文;科普类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了受人类不用看就能轻松处理物体的启发,加州大学圣地亚哥分校的工程师领导的一个团队开发了一种新方法,使机器人的手可以仅通过触摸来旋转物体,而不依赖于视觉。这项工作可能有助于开发能够在黑暗中操纵物体的机器人。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,通读全文,理解文章大意,阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容,仔细核对,选择符合原文原意的答案,完成后再次阅读并检查。
31.考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的"Using their technique, the researchers built a robotic hand that can smoothly rotate a wide variety of objects, such as small toys, cans, and even fruits and vegetables, without damaging them. The robotic hand performed these tasks using only information based on touch."利用他们的技术,研究人员制造了一只机器人手,它可以平滑地旋转各种各样的物体,比如小玩具、罐头,甚至水果和蔬菜,而不会损坏它们。机器人手仅使用基于触摸的信息来执行这些任务。可知,机器人手可以基于触摸来旋转各种物体,可推测,划线词所在句"The work could aid in the development of robots that can manipulate objects in the dark."意为:这项工作可能有助于开发能够在黑暗中操纵物体的机器人。这与第一段意思相符。因此,划线词manipulate是"操控;控制"之意。故选B。
32.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"These sensors are spread over a large area of the robotic hand."这些传感器分布在机器人手的大部分区域,可知,这些传感器分布在机器人手的大部分区域。故选D。
33.考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段"The researchers then tested their system on the real-life robotic hand with objects that the system has not yet encountered. The robotic hand was able to rotate a variety of objects without losing its hold. The objects included a tomato, pepper, a can of peanut butter and a toy rubber duck, which was the most challenging object due to its shape."然后,研究人员在现实生活中的机器人手上用一些该系统还没有遇到过的物体测试。机器人手能够旋转各种物体而不会失去控制。这些物品包括一个西红柿、胡椒、一罐花生酱和一个玩具橡皮鸭,由于它的形状,橡皮鸭是最具挑战性的物品。可知,研究者让机器人手抓一些物品,故推测研究者主要专注于测试它的性能。故选A。
34.考查推理判断。根据最后一段"‘If we can give robots this skill, that will open the door to the kinds of tasks they can perform,' said Wang.""如果我们能赋予机器人这种技能,那将为它们完成各种任务打开大门。"Wang说,可知,Wang认为目前的研究是有前途的。故选B。
【答案】35.A
36.C
37.D
【知识点】推理判断题;细节理解题;时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四本新书。
【点评】考查阅读理解,包含细节理解题、推理判断题,是一篇介绍类阅读,注意先略读文章,掌握文章大意,再分析题干及选项,到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
35.考查细节理解。根据Nobody Will Tell You This but Me部分中的"In this book, the author shares the advice her beloved grandmother Bobby left her.”在这本书中,作者分享了她深爱的祖母Bobby留给她的建议。可知,Bess Kalb的书里的人物是Bobby。故选A。
36.考查细节理解。根据A Star Is Bored部分中的"Favored by television star Jonathan Van Ness, this novel is partly based on the author's experiences as the former personal assistant to Carrie Fisher, a legendary American actress.”这部小说深受电视明星乔纳森·范·内斯(Jonathan Van Ness)的喜爱,部分基于作者作为美国传奇女演员卡丽·费希尔(Carrie Fisher)的前私人助理的经历。可知,小说部分取材于作者作为美国传奇女演员卡丽·费希尔前私人助理的经历,可知是基于现实生活的小说。故选C。
37.考查推理判断。根据 Fast Girls 部分中的"The story in Fast Girls took place during the 1936 Berlin Olympics, where Betty Robinson, Louise Stokes, and Helen Stephens overcame difficult pasts to attain Olympic glory as the world's fastest female athletes.”《快女孩》中的故事发生在1936年柏林奥运会期间,贝蒂·罗宾逊、路易斯·斯托克斯和海伦·斯蒂芬斯克服了过去的困难,成为世界上速度最快的女运动员,赢得了奥运会的荣誉。可知,如果你对运动感兴趣,当然是选择Fast Girls。故选D。