2024届高考英语复习：阅读表达专项训练（含解析）

任务型阅读
阅读下面短文和问题, 根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求, 在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息, 完成对该问题的回答。答语要意思清楚, 结构正确, 书写工整。
The First Kite
Kites have been around for thousands of years. The first kites were created in China. There are three stories about how the first kite was born.
Many people believe that the kite was created when people watched birds fly. They then attempted to make a light object shaped like a bird that could fly high in the wind.
The second story goes like this. The kite was born as Chinese children sat below a catalpa tree（梓树）. A catalpa tree is known for large leaves and seed pods（荚）, which can be over 10 inches long. The catalpa tree's seed pods have two "wings" that help the seeds move far from the base of the tree. As the leaves and seed pods sailed on an upward wind, the children became inspired to create their own kites.
There is a Chinese legend（传说）telling a different story. When a farmer was working in his field one morning, the wind blew his hat off many times. He had to stop to run after his hat. When the farmer went in for lunch, he had an idea that he could tie one end of a thin rope to his hat and the other end around his wrist （手腕）. That afternoon, he went to work again. A sudden and strong wind swept the hat off his head and carried it high into the sky. But the farmer no longer needed to run after his hat. At that time, he got the idea of making a kite.
The idea for a kite could have been born as people watched birds fly, sat below a catalpa tree or found a way to get back a hat. Like the roots of many inventions, these stories are each inspired by people's experiences or observations of the natural world.
1．Where were the first kites created （不多于两个单词）
2．In the first story, what inspired people to make' kites （不多于五个单词）
3．What gave the farmer the idea of making kites （不多于四个单词）
4．How do people get the ideas for inventions （不多于九个单词）
阅读表达
In Martin County, Florida, two non-profit organizations have come together to plant seeds of hope through community gardening. Recently, the House of Hope charity for the homeless and people with addictions and other mental health issues partnered with Project L.I.F.T. an organization that helps at-risk teens, to grow community gardens in four small towns across the county.
The teens in Project L.I. F.T.'s program—many of them aged 14-19 who are also struggling with addictions, managing mental health or legal issues—visit the gardens every day after school where they grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals. They take some of the produce home to their families but most is sent to House of Hope for the homeless community.
Beyond the need for food, Project L.I.F.T. hoped the gardens would provide an educational opportunity for their teens.
"We're trying to teach kids nutrition to deal with the health problems—diabetes and obesity—in our community, but when we get into the garden, now they're doing hands-on stuff that really connects." Bob Zaccheo, the executive director of Project L.I.F.T. tells Guideposts. org.
The gardens also offer the teens professional skills that can help them find work later in their largely rural county. Beyond skills, this project has helped the teens find confidence and hope for their futures.
So far, the four gardens around Martin County have generated 100 pounds of produce for House of Hope and the community at large. Although the amount of food can't meet the greater need of the area, the program is an opportunity to teach kids that the importance of giving back is just as valuable as the food they're harvesting.
"You see a major shift in the thinking of these kids," Zaccheo says. "You see them giving. The kids are learning to give at a bigger level than they've ever been able to give at before."
5．What kind of organization is Project L.L.F.T.
6．What do the teens do when they visit the gardens
7．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.
8．In addition to what is mentioned in the passage, what else could at-risk teens learn through community gardening Explain why. (In about 40 words)
阅读表达
We all like to think that we are rational (理性的) thinkers, but poor decisions and choices are evident all around us: staying in bad relationships or boring jobs, taking up smoking, eating too much junk food; the list goes on. So why can't we make better decisions One reason appears to be what psychologists call "decision fatigue": the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control. For example, if you are ground down by everyday struggles, you have less mental energy for good decisions.
However, studies point to the fact that deciding things early in the day is likely to lead to better outcomes. Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with a seemingly unsolvable problem, only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning. So decisions made when we feel least tired are more likely to be the right ones.
Another worthwhile strategy is to pretend that you are advising an imaginary friend, rather than relating decisions to your own life. This creates a distance between you and the issues in question, and can help you to think logically rather than emotionally.
People often advise making lists of advantages and disadvantages, and then prioritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need to be careful not to over-think every decision. We may overestimate the value of information, and sometimes it is better simply to go with our gut instinct (直觉).
Perhaps the most important thing we can do to minimize the possibility of regret is to make sure that our decisions are in line with our life values; in other words, to have a life vision and be true to it. Instead of asking ourselves questions such as "Which option is safer " or "Which option is best financially ", it is far better to ask "How will I feel about this when I'm 70 ".
9．What does "decision fatigue" mean
10．Why do people tend to make good decisions early in the day
11．Decide which part of the following statement is wrong. Underline it and explain why.
Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts.
12．In addition to the strategies in the passage, please suggest another way to make good decisions. (In about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，按照要求完成阅读任务。
Growing up poor and having parents who didn't receive a good education, I often struggled at school. What was worse, my parents often moved to different places. They likely did not realize the damaging effects it had on my learning as they moved from apartment to apartment, year after year.
I attended seven different schools from kindergarten through the 8th grade. With a fragmented (片段的) education, I entered high school, not doing well in literacy and math. But it was not until I attended a major public state university that I really understood the academic gaps that I had in comparison to my peers. I had to work particularly hard to not only understand the textbooks and lectures, but also catch myself up in basic skills of writing and comprehension. But I wasn't the one to forgo. No matter how hard it was, I persisted.
Today, I have many degrees, three of them are Master's Degrees and I am currently in my second year of studying for my doctorate in Educational Leadership.
I share my story for various reasons, but mainly due to the hope that another young child, possibly growing up poor, can realize that an education is the ticket to the quality of life. It can happen for that child. One can be successful! One can overcome all obstacles.
Some days will be extremely tougher than others and someday those accomplishments will glow (发光), but giving up is not a wise choice. It certainly won't lead to the light at the end of the tunnel. Therefore, we should take advantage of the challenges and difficulties to make us stronger and reflect on how to beat all the differences. We should foster our thinking that current challenges have been designed to build upon our strength, not tear us down. In this way, we can fulfill our long-term goals.
13．What made the author's study much worse when he was a child (no more than 5 words)
14．What did the author realize after attending a major public state university (no more than 10 words)
15．How do you understand the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 (no more than 10 words)
16．Why did the author want to share his story (no more than 15 words)
17．What do you learn from the author's story (no more than 20 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
In life, once on a path, we tend to
follow it, for better or worse. What's sad is that even if it's the latter, we
often follow a certain path anyway because we are used to the way things are
that we don't even recognize that they could be different. Psychologists call
this phenomenon functional fixedness.
This classic experiment will give you
an idea of how it works — and a sense of whether you may have fallen into the
same trap:
People are given a box of tacks (大头钉) and some matches and asked to find a
way to attach a candle to a wall so that it burns properly. Typically, the
subjects try tacking the candle to the wall or lighting it to fix it with
melted wax (石蜡). The tacks are too short, and the candle doesn't fasten to
the wall. So how can you accomplish the task The successful technique is to
use the tack box as a candle holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall, and
stand the candle inside it.
To think of that, you have to look
beyond the box's usual role as a container just for tacks and reimagine it
serving an entirely new purpose. That is difficult because we all suffer — to
one degree or another — from functional fixedness. The inability to think in
new ways affects people in every corner of society. The political theorist
Hannah Arend coined the phrase frozen thoughts to describe deeply held ideas
that we no longer question but should. In Arendt's eyes, the complacent
reliance on such accepted "truths" also made people blind to ideas
that didn't fit their worldview, even when there was ample evidence for them.
Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence, she said, "It can be
found in highly intelligent people."
Another context in which frozen
thinking can turn truly dangerous is medicine. If you land in the hospital,
it's natural to want to be treated by the most experienced physicians on staff.
But according to a 2014 study in the Journal of the American Medical
Association (JAMA), you'd be better off being treated by the relative novices.
18．What does "functional fixedness"
mean
19．How is the candle attached to the wall
20．Please decide which part is false in
the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Frozen
thinking is common among ordinary people as well as those with high although
frozen thinking has much to do with intelligence.
21．How can you avoid frozen thoughts in
your daily life (In about 40 words)
22．阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
Today,
the first thing you see when you drive into the small town of McFarland,
California, is a welcome poster. "Home of the State Champions, it says
proudly. Written across the bottom are the names of the members of the running
teams that have brought McFarland nine state championships over the past twenty
years. Today, this little farming town is the "home of champions",
but things weren't always like this.
It
all began with a group of seven young men, who were McFarland High Schools
first running team. They were called "cloud runners" because it
looked like they were floating on a brown cloud of dust as they carved paths
through the surrounding fields.
They
weren't a very good team. But the turning point came one hot summer afternoon
when the young men were doing hill practice. As there were no hills in
McFarland, their coach, Jim White, made them run up and down large piles of nut
shells covered in white plastic sheets.
"Enough!"
one of the young men cried. The sound of breaking shells could be heard as he
beat his fists on the sheet. The plastic tore and a river of nut shells poured
out. "Do you know what these are, Mr. White They're almond shells. Do you
know where they come from My family has been working on farms picking almonds
for forty years.
You
and your family, living in your big comfortable home, eat these without giving
a single thought to where they came from. And now you are making us run on
them! I've had enough!"
"We're
losers, Mr. White, not winners," another young man continued his face wet
with tears and sweat. "Nothing has changed here for forty years and
nothing's ever going to change! Running is for rich kids in private schools in
the big city, not for us poor farm boys. We can't even afford real shoes for
running. We're 'pickers'. I'm going home!"
Something
in Jim White's heart changed that day. He went into the fields and worked with
the 'pickers'. He bought running shoes for the boys. He spent evenings having
dinner with the boys' families. His wife baked and sold cookies to raise money.
One small act of kindness led to another. Other families began to take notice,
and slowly, the entire town came to support Mr. White as he helped these young
men change from farm workers to champions.
（1）What
is the town proud of (no more than 5 words)
（2）In
paragraph 4, why did the young man get angry with Mr. White (no more than
15words)
（3）What
did the young man mean by saying “We're pickers." (no more than 12 words)
（4）What
does the last paragraph mainly tell us (no more than 20 words)
（5）To
whom did that summer afternoon represent a turning point Please give your
reason, (no more than 25words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Teenagers are learning new communication skills every day. It is important for them to have opportunities to network, or to meet and get to know new people. Online networking, which is very popular with teens today, makes short, superficial connections. But offline networking better encourages meaningful connections that will increase hope, develop skills, and open avenues to career opportunity. Teens need to practice more offline networking. It will prepare them to be confident face-to-face communicators in the real world.
A survey of almost 7,000 teens was conducted in 2019 by three Swiss researchers, and they found that teens were spending too much time on social networking sites. So, they suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life. It not only contributes to a stronger sense of identity and a happier mood, but also gives us the chance to share happiness with other people. In other words, offline networking seems to actually benefit a teen's emotional health.
Face-to-face communication also gives teens an opportunity to learn to read people. Everyone communicates in person differently than communicating over the phone, through texting, or in online posts. Being face-to-face requires a person to think and respond more quickly—without the safety net of a delete key.
And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying. A time will come when the teen will need to enter the job market, and this usually means a face-to-face interaction, including interacting naturally with customers, hearing and understanding their words as well as their nonverbal cues in many different kinds of businesses.
Offline networking is important because it can improve a teenager's well-being and help prepare him for the future. That's why every teen should spend time practicing real-world interactions.
23．What is the disadvantage of online networking
24．What was the researchers' suggestion to teens
25．Read the following statement, underline the false part of
it and explain the reason.
Hearing and understanding what a person is saying is necessarily
involved in communication, so people get less from nonverbal expressions.
26．Please present what you can do to make effective
face-to-face communication in your daily life. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Judgement is a quality that is hard to define but important to possess. Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is "the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions". And he argues that, thus defined, judgment involves a process—taking in information, deciding whom and what to trust, summarizing one's personal knowledge, checking any prior beliefs or feelings, summarizing the available choices and then making the decision.
Expert knowledge can be useful in making judgments. But it is not the same thing. "Academics have expert knowledge," Sir Andrew observes. "They don't necessarily have judgment." People with judgment know when they are out of their depth in making a decision and typically then seek the advice of someone who has the right background and knowledge. "While good judgment is important to success," Sir Andrew cautions, "success is not a signal that there has been good judgment."
The degree of judgment required tends to increase as people take on more responsibility. Those with routine tasks generally have limited scope for judgment. Line supervisors have some discretion (自行决定权). For a chief executive, the proportion of decisions involving judgment is high. Deciding not to take action is also a judgment with potentially serious consequences (for example, "I won't get vaccinated" or "I won't pay my bills"). The world is full of people whose lack of judgment brought their careers or personal life crashing down. Many made the common mistake of assuming everything was fine.
As artificial intelligence gets used for more and more routine tasks in the service sector, exercising judgment may be one area where humans retain an edge over machines. This is far from certain, however. With enough practice, machines may be able to recognize these implicit cues and thus display the equivalent of good judgment. But then, perhaps humans can be taught, too. In the long run, one of the trickiest aspects of human judgment may be knowing precisely when to let machines take decisions and when to leave it to people.
27．What's Sir Andrew's definition of judgement
28．Why does Andrew say that expert knowledge is not the same
as making judgements
29．Please decide which part of the following statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
Good
judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good
judgement.
30．Please list a factor except "judgement" that can lead to success and explain why. (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Quiet the Complainer
For
years, Jane Booth's mother made lengthy airing of complaints. It got so bad
that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she
finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained. It
turned out that Jane's intervention not only helped her mother—it also helped
their relationship.
You
may not be as direct as Jane was to her mother, but there are other ways to get
a constant complainer to end. To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs
about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, most
considerate people complain. And complaining doesn't always have a negative
impact. Sometimes, complaining can change an unfavorable situation into a more
desirable one. Other times, it can foster new relationships with people we don't
know well.
The
problems start when complaining becomes the default mode(默认模式). "When we have a need to be heard, we repeat ourselves,"
says Dian Killian, a life coach, "the satisfaction for frequent
complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any
suggestion to address the problems that they highlight—resolution isn't their
aim."
So,
how do you quiet a constant complainer, for the sake of your health and his
Change
the subject. Some complainers will switch gears if you shift the conversation
in a direction that interests them.
Summarize
the complaint. If your complainer keeps repeating himself, he may stop if you
demonstrate that you're listening.
Challenge
the person to act. When a constant complainer tells you about his latest
problem, ask nicely what he's done to improve it.
Be
honest. When you have things to do, tell the complainer that you must cut the
conversation short—especially if it's someone who's complained to you many
times before.
When
someone stresses you out with lots of negativity, it's important to talk about
the problem. Otherwise, if you bottle up your feelings and continue listening
to repeated complaints, you may grow annoyed or start avoiding the person.
Remember:
Quieting a constant complainer can be beneficial to both of you.
31．What
did Jane Booth do to stop her mother complaining
32．According
to Paragraph 2, what are the misbeliefs about complaining
33．Please
decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and
explain why.
●Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for
their problems.
34．Your
friend has been constantly complaining about almost everything in life. What
would you do to help him (about 40 words)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
Today,
technological advances are rapidly making it possible to automate much of the
work currently carried out by humans. This applies to both blue-collar jobs
through robotics and the Internet of things, and white-collar work through
artificial intelligence, the wide applicability of these technologies has led
to broad concern about the destruction of jobs. Indeed, according to a 2014
Oxford study, 47% of jobs in the US could be replaced. By automated processes
in the next two decades.
Of
course. As many have noted, while technology has always removed the need for
some types of jobs, it also creates new ones. Technology is a set of tools that
we use in different ways to increase efficiency. The Industrial Revolution
destroyed some jobs but created many more. It also increased the total wealth
of society and began to create a middle class who could enjoy health, education
and other benefits that previously had been available only to the wealthiest. It
can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will
create and in what quantities, which makes the situation seem worse than it
actually is. But nine of the top ten most in-demand jobs of 2012 didn't exist
in 2003, suggesting that this latest revolution is creating new employment
opportunities.
For
many, this picture is overly optimistic. The new jobs require a completely
different skills set —you can't turn an assembly plant worker into a data
scientist overnight. Others are concerned that we are facing a permanent
reduction in the need for human labor. Science fiction has long imagined a
future where we no longer have to work and can spend our time on more noble
pursuits. Could it be that we are reaching that inflection point in human
history, if we are Neither our social norms nor our economic systems are ready
for it. Today, self-worth is inherently tied up with jobs，professions，careers and trades.
35．How
is white-collar work automated by technology
36．What
is technology according to the passage
37．Please
decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and
explain why.
It
is obviously optimistic to predict the types and quantities of jobs that this
new revolution will create. .
Please
briefly present the benefits that technological advances bring to you. (about 40 words)
答案解析部分
【答案】1．In China.
2．When people watched birds fly.
3．The farmer's flying hat.
4．By people's experiences or observations of the natural world.
【知识点】细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了关于第一只风筝是如何诞生的的三个故事。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而写出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"The first kites were created in China. "第一只风筝是在中国制造的。可知，第一只风筝是在中国制造的。故答案为：In China.
2．考查细节理解。根据第二段"Many people believe that the kite was created when people watched birds fly. They then attempted to make a light object shaped like a bird that could fly high in the wind."许多人相信风筝是人们看着鸟儿飞翔时创造出来的。然后，他们试图制造一个形状像鸟的轻物体，可以在风中高飞。可知，在第一个故事中，人们创造风筝是因为人们看到鸟的飞翔，即鸟的飞翔给了人们创造风筝的启发。 故答案为：When people watched birds fly.
3．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中"A sudden and strong wind swept the hat off his head and carried it high into the sky. But the farmer no longer needed to run after his hat. At that time, he got the idea of making a kite."一阵突如其来的大风把他的帽子从头上吹下来，带到了高高的天空。但是农夫不再需要追逐他的帽子了。那时，他萌生了做风筝的念头。可知，让农夫萌生造风筝的念头源于风把他的帽子吹起的事件。故答案为：The farmer's flying hat.
4．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"Like the roots of many inventions, these stories are each inspired by people's experiences or observations of the natural world."就像许多发明的根源一样，这些故事都是受到人们对自然世界的经历或观察的启发。可知，由于人们对自然世界的经历或观察的启发，促使人们创造出发明。故答案为：By people's experiences or observations of the natural world.
【答案】5．An organization that helps at-risk teens.
6．They grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals.
7．The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.
According to the passage, the four gardens were built to provide both food for homeless people and an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.
8．They can learn to cooperate with each other better and also learn to give back the love they have received during gardening and also pass that energy and love to others who need help.
【知识点】阅读表达
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了弗洛里达州马丁县的两个非营利组织联合起来，帮助了无数无家可归的、有毒瘾和其他精神健康问题的人。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放试题两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
5．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Recently, the House of Hope charity for the homeless and people with addictions and other mental health issues partnered with Project L.I.F.T.an organization that helps at-risk teens, to grow community gardens in four small towns across the county.”最近，针对无家可归者、有毒瘾和其他精神健康问题的人的慈善机构“希望之家”与帮助高危青少年的组织“l.i.f.t.项目”合作，在全县的四个小镇种植社区花园。可知，Project L.I.F.T是一个帮助高危青少年的组织。故答案为An organization that helps at-risk teens.
6．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The teens in Project L.I. F.T.’ s program—many of them aged 14-19 who are also struggling with addictions, managing mental health or legal issues—visit the gardens every day after school where they grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals.”参加L.I. F.T计划的青少年——其中许多年龄在14-19岁之间，他们也在与毒瘾作斗争，处理心理健康或法律问题——每天放学后都会去花园，在那里他们种种子，维护和浇灌植物，收获农产品，并学习自己做饭。可知，他们在花园里会种种子，维护和浇灌植物，收获农产品，并学习自己做饭。故答案为They grow seeds, maintain and water plants, harvest the produce and learn to create their own meals.
7．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“They take some of the produce home to their families but most is sent to House of Hope for the homeless community.”他们把一些农产品带回家，但大部分都送到了无家可归者社区的希望之家；以及第三段中的“Beyond the need for food, Project L.I.F.T. hoped the gardens would provide an educational opportunity for their teens.”除了对食物的需求，L.I.F.T.项目还希望菜园能为他们的青少年提供教育机会。可知，花园不仅仅是为了用来给高危青少年提供教育机会而建的，还用于给无家可归的人提供食物等。故答案为The four gardens were built only to provide an educational opportunity for at-risk teens. The four gardens were built to provide both food for homeless people and an educational opportunity for at-risk teens.
8．考查开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：他们可以学会更好地相互合作，也学会回报他们在园艺过程中得到的爱，并将这种能量和爱传递给需要帮助的人。故答案为They can learn to cooperate with each other better and also learn to give back the love they have received during gardening and also pass that energy and love to others who need help.。
【答案】9．The idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control.
10．Because that's when people feel least tired.
11．Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts.
According to the passage over-thinking may overestimate the value of information, so sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions.
12．I think when you make a decision, that decision is a good way to realize the values that you hold, but you can also afford the worst consequences of it.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。我们都喜欢认为自己是理性的思考者，但糟糕的决定和选择在我们周围随处可见。就此现象文章给出了做正确决定的一些方法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词句猜测和开放试题三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
9．考查词句猜测。根据第一段中的“the idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control.”认为我们在做决定和练习自我控制方面的能量储存有限的想法，可知，“decision fatigue”是指认为自己在做决定和练习自我控制方面的能量储存有限。故答案为：The idea that we all have a limited store of energy for making decisions and practising self-control.
10．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Most of us will have had the experience of going to bed with a seemingly unsolvable problem, only to wake up with a flash of inspiration the next morning. So decisions made when we feel least tired are more likely to be the right ones.”我们大多数人都会有这样的经历：带着一个看似无法解决的问题上床睡觉，第二天早上醒来时却灵光一现。因此，当我们感到最不累的时候做出的决定更有可能是正确的。可知，人们倾向于在早上做出正确的决定是因为那个时候是人们感到最不累的时候。故答案为：Because that's when people feel least tired.
11．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“People often advise making lists of advantages and disadvantages, and then prioritizing the items in each list. This can certainly be helpful, but we need to be careful not to over-think every decision. We may overestimate the value of information, and sometimes it is better simply to go with our gut instinct (直觉).”人们经常建议列出优势和劣势，然后对每个列表中的项目进行优先级排序。这当然会有所帮助，但我们需要小心，不要过度考虑每一个决定。我们可能高估了信息的价值，有时最好还是凭直觉行事。可知，有时根据直觉做出决定是个不错的主意，是因为有时过度思考会高估了信息的价值。故答案为：Sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions, because weighing advantages and disadvantages takes great efforts. According to the passage over-thinking may overestimate the value of information, so sometimes it is a good idea to go with our gut instinct to make decisions.
12．考查开放性问题。答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：I think when you make a decision, that decision is a good way to realize the values that you hold, but you can also afford the worst consequences of it.
【答案】13．Changing schools constantly.
That he changed school constantly.
Moving to different places.
That his parents often moved.
14．He wasn't doing as well as others academically.
The academic gaps that he had.
He realized he had academic gaps.
15． I didn't give up easily.
I never gave up easily.
16．Because he wanted to inspire young children whose experiences are similar to his.
Because he hoped others realized education was the ticket to the quality of life.
To inspire young children who experienced the same thing.
To make others realize that education was the ticket to the quality of life.
17．We shouldn't let difficulties in our life hold us back; instead we should be determined and bravely overcome them.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者出身贫寒，没有受过良好的教育，在学校过得很艰难，更糟糕的是父母经常搬家，这导致作者小时候学习变得很糟糕，直到作者进入一所主要的公立州立大学，才真正理解了自己与同龄人之间的学术差距，但是作者不管多么困难，都坚持学习，最终获得了博士学位。作者通过自己的故事想要告诉我们：我们不应该让生活中的困难阻碍我们，相反，我们应该下定决心，勇敢地克服困难。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词句猜测和开放试题三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
13．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Growing up poor and having parents who didn’t receive a good education, I often struggled at school. What was worse, my parents often moved to different places.”我出身贫寒，父母没有受过良好的教育，所以我在学校经常过得很艰难。更糟糕的是，我的父母经常搬到不同的地方。可知，父母经常搬家，即作者经常换学校，让作者小时候的学习变得更糟糕，故填Changing schools constantly./That he changed school constantly./Moving to different places./That his parents often moved.
14．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“But it was not until I attended a major public state university that I really understood the academic gaps that I had in comparison to my peers.”但直到我进入一所主要的公立州立大学，我才真正理解了我与同龄人之间的学术差距。可知，作者在进入一所重点公立大学后意识到了自己与同龄人之间的学术差距，故填He wasn’t doing as well as others academically./The academic gaps that he had./He realized he had academic gaps.
15．考查词句猜测。根据第二段中的“No matter how hard it was, I persisted.”不管有多困难，我都坚持下来了。可知，不管多么困难，作者都坚持下来了，没有轻易放弃，可推知，画线句子的意思是，作者不会轻易放弃，故填I didn’t give up easily./I never gave up easily.
16．考查细节理解。根据第三段中上文“I share my story for various reasons, but mainly due to the hope that another young child, possibly growing up poor, can realize that an education is the ticket to the quality of life. ”我分享我的故事有很多原因，但主要是因为我希望另一个可能在贫困中长大的孩子能够意识到教育是提高生活质量的门票。可知，作者想分享自己故事的原因是希望在贫困中长大的孩子能意识到教育是提高生活质量的门票，即来激励那些和他经历相似的孩子。故填Because he wanted to inspire young children whose experiences are similar to his./Because he hoped others realized education was the ticket to the quality of life./To inspire young children who experienced the same thing./To make others realize that education was the ticket to the quality of life.
17．考查开放试题，言之有理即可。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“Therefore, we should take advantage of the challenges and difficulties to make us stronger and reflect on how to beat all the differences. We should foster our thinking that current challenges have been designed to build upon our strength, not tear us down. In this way, we can fulfill our long-term goals.”因此，我们应该利用挑战和困难，使我们更加强大，并思考如何战胜所有的分歧。我们应该培养我们的思维，即目前的挑战是为了巩固我们的力量，而不是摧毁我们。这样，我们就能实现我们的长期目标。)”可知，作者通过自己的故事，想要告诉我们：我们不应该让生活中的困难阻碍我们，相反，我们应该下定决心，勇敢地克服困难。故答案为We shouldn’t let difficulties in our life hold us back; instead we should be determined and bravely overcome them.
【答案】18．It means we are used to the way things are that we don't even recognize that they could be different.
19．The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candleholder. You empty it, tack it to the wall,and stand the candle inside it.
20．Frozen thinking is common among ordinary people as well as those with high although frozen thinking has much to do with intelligence. Because frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence.
21．There are two ways to avoid frozen thoughts. Firstly, I can talk to people who disagree with me, which is good for my brain. What's more, I always think outside the box, which can broaden my thinking in countless ways.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，作者介绍了一种心理学家称之为功能固着的现象。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放题两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
18．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"What's sad is that even if it's the latter, we often follow a certain path anyway because we are used to the way things are that we don't even recognize that they could be different. Psychologists call this phenomenon functional fixedness.”可悲的是，即使是后者，我们通常还是会走一条特定的道路，因为我们已经习惯了事物本来的样子，甚至没有意识到它们可能是不同的。心理学家称这种现象为功能性固着。可知，功能固着指的习惯了事物本来的样子，甚至没有意识到它们可能是不同的。故答案为It means we are used to the way things are that we don't even recognize that they could be different.
19．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candle holder. You empty it, tack it to the wall, and stand the candle inside it.”成功的方法是把大头钉盒当作烛台。你把它倒空，钉在墙上，把蜡烛放在里面。可知，成功的方法是把大头钉盒当作烛台。你把它倒空，钉在墙上，把蜡烛放在里面。故答案为The successful technique is to use the tack box as a candleholder. You empty it, tack it to the wall,and stand the candle inside it.
20．考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的"Frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence, she said, "It can be found in highly intelligent people."她说，思维僵化与智力无关，‘它可以在高智商的人身上找到。'"可知，"Frozen thinking is common among ordinary people as well as those with high although frozen thinking has much to do with intelligence.”思维僵化在普通人和高智商人群中很常见，尽管思维僵化与智力有很大关系，的错误之处是has much to do with intelligence，因为思维僵化和智力无关。故答案为Frozen thinking is common among ordinary people as well as those with high although frozen thinking has much to do with intelligence. Because frozen thinking has nothing to do with intelligence.
21．开放性问题。题干意为"你如何避免日常生活中的思维僵化？"，结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：There are two ways to avoid frozen thoughts. Firstly, I can talk to
people who disagree with me, which is good for my brain. What's more, I always
think outside the box, which can broaden my thinking in countless ways.
22．【答案】（1）Being the home of champion.
Or: Making the champions.
Or: Winning 9 champions.
（2）(He thought) the coach didn't respect/appreciate the fruits of their labour/hard work.
Or: What the coach told them to do destroyed/ruined/damaged the fruits of their labour/hard work.
Or: (He thought) Mr. White didn't (understand and) respect their hard work.
（3）They belong in the field, picking almonds for living.
Or: They were born to be farm workers who pick almonds (rather than anything else)
Or: The only thing they're good at/they can do is picking almonds.
Or: They were just farm workers who pick almonds (for living).
（4）What Mr. White and his wife did inspired the whole town to make these young man champions.
Or: Act of kindness by Mr. White and his wife inspired the whole town to make these young man champions.
Or: The Whites helped these young men succeed with small act of kindness, getting support from the entire town.
（5）It's a turning point to the boys. They made the coach (Mr White) understand their situation and get to know how to help them change their lives.
Or: It's a turning point to Mr. White. He got to understand the poor life of these young men and get to know how to help them.
Or: It's a turning point to the boys, because they got support from the entire town with the help of Mr. White.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了加州小镇麦克法兰作为州冠军的故乡的发展历程。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Today, the first thing you see when you drive into the small town of McFarland, California, is a welcome poster. "Home of the State Champions, it says proudly. Written across the bottom are the names of the members of the running teams that have brought McFarland nine state championships over the past twenty years. ”如今，当你开车进入加州小镇麦克法兰，你看到的第一件东西，就是一张欢迎海报。上面骄傲地写着“州冠军的故乡”。下面写着过去20年为 麦克法兰小镇赢得9个州冠军的队员的名字。可知，小镇麦克法兰是州冠军的故乡，赢得了9个州冠军。故答案为Being the home of champion. Or: Making the champions. Or: Winning 9 champions.
（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“‘Enough!' one of the young men cried. The sound of breaking shells could be heard as he beat his fists on the sheet. The plastic tore and a river of nut shells poured out. "Do you know what these are, Mr. White They're almond shells. Do you know where they come from My family has been working on farms picking almonds for forty years.”“够了! ”其中一个年轻人喊着说道。当他用拳头拍打塑料布时，可以听到坚果壳破裂的声音。塑料袋破了，一大堆坚果壳倒了出来。“你知道这些是什么吗，怀特先生？是杏仁壳。你知道他们是从哪里来的吗？我们家在采摘杏仁的农场工作40年了。同时结合第五段最后一句“You and your family, living in your big comfortable home, eat these without giving a single thought to where they came from. And now you are making us run on them! I've had enough!"”你和你的家人，住在你们舒适的大房子里，吃这些东西的时候，根本不会想它们是从哪里来的。现在你却让我们在吃的东西上面跑步！我受够了!”可推知，教练怀特让这七个年轻人在盖着塑料布的坚果壳堆上锻炼跑步，而这些坚果则是他们辛苦劳动得来的成果，因而他觉得教练不理解他们的劳动成果，对他们的辛苦劳动的不尊重，教练的这种做法毁了他们的劳动成果。故答案为：(He thought) the coach didn't respect/appreciate the fruits of their labour/hard work. Or: What the coach told them to do destroyed/ruined/damaged the fruits of their labour /hard work. Or: (He thought) Mr. White didn't (understand and) respect their hard work.
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中地“Nothing has changed here for forty years and nothing's ever going to change! Running is for rich kids in private schools in the big city, not for us poor farm boys. We can't even afford real shoes for running. We're 'pickers'. I'm going home!””四十年来这里没有任何改变，也不会有任何改变！在大城市的私立学校里，跑步是给有钱人家的孩子玩的，而不是给我们这些穷农场小子玩的。我们连跑步用的鞋都买不起。我们是”采摘者”。我要回家了! ”可推知，参与训练的队员对自己没有抱有任何获胜的信心，他们认为跑步是给有钱人家的孩子玩的，而自己是穷农场的孩子，连跑步用的鞋都买不起。所以，此处指他们认为他们就是农场里的采摘工，要靠此来为生；他们只能在农场里面做采摘工作；她们生来就是在农场做采摘的工人；他们唯一能做的就是采摘并取得杏仁。故答案为：Theybelong in the field, picking almonds for living. Or: They were born to be farm workers who pick almonds (rather than anything else)Or: The only thing they're good at/they can do is picking almonds. Or: They were just farm workers who pick almonds (for living).
（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段“Something in Jim White's heart changed that day. He went into the fields and worked with the 'pickers'. He bought running shoes for the boys. He spent evenings having dinner with the boys' families. His wife baked and sold cookies to raise money. One small act of kindness led to another. Other families began to take notice, and slowly, the entire town came to support Mr. White as he helped these young men change from farm workers to champions.”那天吉姆 · 怀特的内心发生了变化。他去田里和“采摘工”一起工作。他给孩子们买了跑鞋。他晚上和孩子们的家人一起吃饭。他的妻子烤饼干，卖饼干来筹钱。一个小小的善举引发了另一个善举。其他家庭开始注意到这一点，慢慢地，全镇的人都开始支持怀特先生，因为他帮助这些年轻人，从农场工人变成了冠军。可知，怀特先生和妻子的善意行为对镇上其他的人是一种感触，引发了全镇人来支持怀特先生并帮助这些年轻人，成就了年轻人成为冠军。即怀特一家通过很小的善举，在全镇人们的支持与帮助下，帮助这些年轻人实现了成功。故答案为：What Mr. White and his wife did inspired the whole town to make these young man champions. Or: Act of kindness by Mr. White and his wife inspired the whole town to make these young man champions. Or: The Whites helped these young men succeed with small act of kindness, getting support from the entire town.
（5）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“It all began with a group of seven young men, who were McFarland High Schools first running team. ”一切都始于一群七个年轻人，他们是麦克法兰高中的第一支跑步队；第三段中的“They weren't a very good team. But the turning point came one hot summer afternoon when the young men were doing hill practice. ”他们不是一个很好的团队。但转折点出现在一个炎热的夏日午后，当时年轻人正在进行山地练习；结合第四、五、六、七段内容可知，无论对于这七个队员还是对于怀特先生来讲那天夏日午后的训练都是转折点。对于怀特先生而言，在那之后，他明白了七名队员所面临的情况并真正意义上懂得了尊重劳动成果的意义，同时也清楚如何来帮助这些孩子。对于孩子们来说，在那天之后，他们使教练怀特先生知道了他们所处的情况并让他知道了如何帮助这些孩子改变。此外，孩子们在那天之后，在怀特一家通过很小的善举行为，让全镇人们得到启发，支持怀特先生及这些孩子，帮助这些年轻人实现了成功。故答案为：It's a turning point to the boys. They made the coach (Mr White) understand their situation and get to know how to help them change their lives. Or: It' s a turning point to Mr. White. He got to understand the poor life of these young men and get to know how to help them. Or: It's a turning point to the boys, because they got support from the entire town with the help of Mr. White.
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而写出正确答案。
【答案】23．Online networking makes short, superficial connections, which is not helpful in real life.
24．They suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life.
25．Hearing and understanding what a person is saying is necessarily involved in communication, so people get less from nonverbal expressions.
According to the text" And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying." We know that the nonverbal expressions are more imprtant than the words.
26．First of all, we should know ourselves well, such as the talent and hobbies. Then, we should take part in some relevant activities which are suitable for us. And from these experience, we can make friends and improve our ability to face-to-face communication.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了线下人与人之间面对面的交流对于青少年的重要性。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和开放新题型三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，同时结合相关的词汇知识和语法知识，写出正确的答案。
23．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Online networking, which is very popular with teens today, makes short, superficial connections. ”可知，如今，网络社交在青少年中非常流行，它只建立了短暂而肤浅的联系。故答案为Online networking makes short, superficial connections, which is not helpful in real life.
24．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“So, they suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life. ”可知，因此，他们建议青少年应该花更多的时间在现实生活中与他人相处。故答案为They suggested that teens should spend more time with others in real life.
25．考查推理判断。根据第四段中“And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying.”可知，我们的很多交流都是非语言的，比如面部表情、手势和语调。青少年需要面对面的交流,这样他们就可以学习阅读这些非语言的暗示(暗示),有时甚至比这个人说的话更重要。故答案为Hearing and understanding what a person is saying is necessarily involved in communication, so people get less from nonverbal expressions.According to the text"And much of our communication is nonverbal anyway. Facial expressions, gestures, and vocal tones are just a few examples. Teens need to have face-to-face interactions so they can learn to read these nonverbal cues(暗示), which are sometimes even more important than the words a person is saying." , we know that the nonverbal expressions are more imprtant than the words.
26．考查开放性题型。本篇文章主要内容讲述了现实生活中面对面的沟通，可以锻炼青少年的各种能力，对将来的就业和生活都有好处。因此从这个角度出发，青少年平时应该增加线下交流的方式，参考方法如下：首先要了解自己擅长和喜欢什么领域，然后多参加相关的活动，多交该领域的朋友，从而锻炼自己的沟通能力。故答案为First of all, we should know ourselves well, such as the talent and hobbies. Then, we should take part in some relevant activities which are suitable for us. And from these experience, we can make friends and improve our ability to face-to-face communication.
【答案】27．He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions.
28．Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don't necessarily have judgment.
29．Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement.
According to the passage, success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.
30．略
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了判断对于成功的重要性。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放性试题两三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，同时结合相关的词汇知识和语法知识，写出正确的答案。
27．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Sir Andrew Likierman of the London Business School suggests that judgment is ‘the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions'.”伦敦商学院的Andrew Likierman爵士认为，判断力是“个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定”。可知，安德鲁爵士对判断的定义是他将判断定义为个人素质与相关知识和经验的结合，以形成意见和作出决定。故答案为He defines judgment as the combination of personal qualities with relevant knowledge and experience to form opinions and take decisions.
28．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“‘Academics have expert knowledge,' Sir Andrew observes. ‘They don't necessarily have judgment.'”“学者拥有专业知识，”安德鲁爵士说。“他们不一定有判断力。”可知，安德鲁说专业知识和判断是不一样的， 是因为有些人可能有专业知识，但他们不一定有判断力。故答案为Because some people may have expert knowledge, but they don't necessarily have judgment.
29．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“‘While good judgment is important to success,' Sir Andrew cautions, ‘success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.'”“虽然良好的判断力对成功很重要，”安德鲁爵士警告说，“成功不是一个有良好判断力的信号。”可知，成功不是有良好判断的信号。故答案为Good judgement is important to success and a successful person definitely has good judgement.
30．考查开放性试题。题意：请列出除“判断”之外的一个因素，并解释为什么（约40词）。要求考生根据短文进行概括归纳，答案可能为：According to the passage, success is not a signal that there has been good judgment.
【答案】31．She spoke up about the problem.
32．Those who complain are usually unkind or inconsiderate. And complaining always has a negative impact.
33．Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
According to the passage, complaining frequently is a way that people ask for attention from others.
34．言之有理即可
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了纠正人们对抱怨的误解，包括让老是抱怨的人安静下来的方法。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和开放性时态题型的考查，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
31．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“It got so bad that Jane felt it was ruining the quality of their time together, so she finally spoke up and helped her mother realize how often she complained.”事情变得如此糟糕，以至于简觉得这破坏了他们在一起的时间质量，所以她终于说了出来，并帮助她的母亲意识到她是多么频繁地抱怨。可知，简·布斯把问题说出来让她妈妈不再抱怨，故答案为She spoke up about the problem.
32．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“To be effective, it helps to correct misbeliefs about complaining in the first place. In fact, even the kindest, most considerate people complain. And complaining doesn't always have a negative impact.”为了提高效率，首先要纠正人们对抱怨的误解。事实上，即使是最善良、最体贴的人也会抱怨。抱怨并不总是有负面影响。可知，关于抱怨的误解是认为那些抱怨的人通常是不友善或不体谅别人的且抱怨总是有负面影响。故答案为Those who complain are usually unkind or inconsiderate. And complaining always has a negative impact.
33．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“the satisfaction for frequent complainers comes from attention, so they are never satisfied with any suggestion to address the problems that they highlight—resolution isn't their aim.”当我们需要别人倾听我们的声音时，我们会重复自己的话。经常抱怨的人的满足感来自关注，所以他们从不满足于任何解决问题的建议。他们强调，解决问题不是他们的目标。可知，经常抱怨是人们寻求他人关注的一种方式，并不是为自己的问题寻求建议，故答案为Complaining frequently is a way that people ask for suggestions for their problems.
34．考查开放性试题。According to the passage, complaining frequently is a way that people ask for attention from others.
【答案】35．Through artificial intelligence.
36．Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency.
37．It is obviously optimistic to predict the types and quantities of jobs that this new revolution will create.
According to the passage, it can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will create and in what quantities, which makes the situation seem worse than it actually is.
38．With the development of Internet, plenty of digital resources are available to me. Everything is at the touch of a fingertip, so I can easily and quickly access whatever I am interested in and expand my minds by immersing myself in high quality resources.
【知识点】任务型阅读
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍技术的进步使实现自动化成为可能。技术的进步消除了对某些类型工作的需求，同时也创造了新的工作。
【点评】本题是任务型阅读，考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主观开放题三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，并结合相关的词汇知识和语法知识，写出正确的答案。
35．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“…making it possible to automate much of the work currently carried out by humans. This applies to both blue-collar jobs through robotics and the Internet of things, and white-collar work through artificial intelligence. ”这使由人类完成的工作实现自动化成为可能。这既适用于通过机器人和物联网实现的蓝领工作，也适用于通过人工智能实现的白领工作。可知，今天的科技是通过人工智能使白领工作实现自动化。故答案为Through artificial intelligence. 。
36．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency. ”可知，科技是我们用不同的方法来提高效率的工具。故答案为Technology is a set of tools that we use in different ways to increase efficiency. 。
37．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“It can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will create and in what quantities , which makes the situation seem worse than it actually is. ”要预测这场新革命将创造什么样的工作机会，以及创造多少工作机会是具有挑战性的。这使得情况看起来比实际情况更糟；以及“It can be challenging…”可以推断，“It is obviously optimistic…（这显然是很乐观的……）”是不正确的。故答案为It is obviously optimistic to predict the types and quantities of jobs that this new revolution will create. /According to the passage, it can be challenging to predict the kinds of jobs that this new revolution will create and in what quantities, which makes the situation seem worse than it actually is. 。
38．本题为主观题，答案不唯一。题目要求简要介绍技术进步带来的好处，可以介绍网络的发展给我们生活带来便利的一方面，比如我们很容易就可以获得大量的数字资源。故答案为With the development of Internet, plenty of digital resources are available to me. Everything is at the touch of a fingertip, so I can easily and quickly access whatever I are interested in and expand my minds by immersing myself in high quality resources. 。