新概念英语第一册Lesssons73-74讲义

Unit73 The way to King Street !
Unit74 When did they do
一、课前回顾
1）根据汉语意思写单词
让人讨厌的，坏的________
打电话；电话________
次（数）________
接（电话）________
最后的，前一次的________
又一次地________
说 ________
今天________
2）英汉互译
①Tom这个人怎么样？_______________________________________
②他是个讨厌鬼。他昨天给我打了四个电话。_______________________________________
③What did your boss say to him _______________________________________
④He telephoned again. But I didn't answer the phone!_________________________________
⑤我昨天下午6点大家。_______________________________
⑥不要再给我女儿打电话。______________________________
二、重点词汇讲解
week n. 周
London n. 伦敦
suddenly adv. 突然地
bus stop 公共汽车站
smile v. 微笑
pleasantly adv. 愉快地
understand (understood) v. 懂，明白
speak (spoke) v. 讲，说（说话的动作；讲某种语言）
hand n. 手
pocket n. 衣袋
phrasebook n. 短语手册，常用语手册
phrase n. 短语
slowly adv. 缓慢地
hurriedly adv. 匆忙地
cut(cut) v. 割，切
thirstily adv. 口渴地
go(went) v. 走
greet v. 问候，打招呼
单词讲解
1）week n. 周
this week, last week等，前面不能加介词
the week before last 上上周 the week after next 下下周
weekday n. 平日 weekend n. 周末 weekly adj. 每周的 n. 周刊
2）understand（understood — understood） v. 懂，明白
① v. 理解；懂
I don’t understand what you mean.
② v. 明了；了解；得知
Only today have I begun to understand the political situation in Northern Ireland.
直到今天我才了解了北爱尔兰的政治局势。
How the machine works is still not fully understood.药是如何起作用的都还不知道。
短语：make oneself understood 使自己的意思让人明白
3）smile v./ n. 微笑
smile at 对……微笑
laugh v./ n. 笑，大笑，笑声 augh at 嘲笑……
4）pleasantly adv. 愉快地，快乐地
拓展：pleasant adj. 令人愉快的 pleased adj. 高兴的，满意的 be pleased with 对……满意
unpleasant adj. 令人不愉快的 unpleasantly adv. 令人不悦地 please v. 取悦…… the
The room is pleasantly warm. 这个房间温暖惬意。
5）speak v. 讲，说
speak English well 流利地讲英语 speak to (with) sb. 与某人说话
speak of (about) sth. 谈及某事 speak highly of 赞扬
speak up 大声讲，畅所欲言，辩护
拓展：speaker n. 谈话者；演讲者；扬声器 speech n. 演讲
Don’t be shy. Speak up for yourself. 别害羞，有话说出来。
People always speak highly of him because of his good grades. 人们总是因为他的好成绩而赞扬他。
Nice people don’t speak of (about) such unpleasant things. 有教养的人不谈这种令人不悦的事情。
May I speak to Jane. 我可以和简说话吗？
6）hand n. 手；指针；帮助;v. 传递，交给
shake hands (with) （和……）握手 give sb. a hand 帮某人一下 at hand 在手边；在附近
by hand 用手工 hand in hand 手拉着手；联合 hand in 交出，上交
hands up 举手 read one's hand看手相 wave (one's) hand挥手
拓展：handbag n. 手提包 handbook n. 手册，指南 handwriting n. 书法
handkerchief n. 手帕
Please hand me a spoon. 请递给我一把勺子。
7）pocket n. 衣袋
pocket money 零用钱 a pocket dictionary 袖珍词典
8）hurriedly adv. 匆忙地
hurriedly = in a hurried 匆忙地 hurry up 快点 hurry to do 匆忙做某事
hurry to + 地点 匆忙去某地
拓展：hurried adj. 匆忙的 hurry n. 匆忙 v. 催促，匆忙做……
9）phrasebook n. 短语手册，常用语手册
Put your hand into your pocket. Take out your phrasebook.把你的手放进口袋里，拿出你的短语手册。
10）lose v. （使）迷路
① v. 迷失；（使）迷路
lose one’s way 迷路
It’s very easy to lose your way in a strange city.在陌生的城市很容易迷路。
② v. 失去；丧失
He lost his sight in a car accident. 他在一起汽车交通事故中失明了。
③ v. 遗失；丢失
We lost her in the crowd.我们在人群里把她弄丢了。
11）cut v. 割，切 （cut — cut）
cut down 减少；降低 cut off 切断；减去
12）greet v. 问候，打招呼
greet sb. 跟某人打招呼 greeting n. 问候；问候语
三、课文及讲解
Last week Mrs. Mills went to London. She does not know London very well, and she lost her way.
Suddenly, she saw a man near a bus stop. 'I can ask him the way.' she said to herself.
'Excuse me,' she said. 'Can you tell me the way to King Street, please '
The man smiled pleasantly. He did not understand English! He spoke German. He was a tourist.
Then he put his hand into pocket, and took out a phrasebook.
He opened the book and found a phrase. He read the phrase slowly. 'I am sorry,' he said. 'I do not speak English.'
课文讲解
1）Last week Mrs. Mills went to London. She does not know London very well, and she lost her way.
Suddenly, she saw a man near a bus stop. 'I can ask him the way.' she said to herself.
①know sth. well “对……很了解”= know much about sth.
know little about sth. “对……不太了解”
know something about “对……有所了解”
②第一句用了一般现在时，而没有用一般过去时，是因为要表明米尔斯夫人至今仍对伦敦不是很熟悉。如果用一般过去时，就表明她现在很熟悉伦敦的情况了。
③lose one’s way 意为“迷路”，lost是lose的过去式形式。本句也可以说成She is lost.
④suddenly副词，用来修饰整个句子。
⑤near a bus stop 介词短语，用来修饰动词saw，表示动作发生的地点。
⑥ask (sb.) the way（向某人）问路。
⑦say to oneself 心中暗想 talk to oneself自言自语地说
2）'Excuse me,' she said. 'Can you tell me the way to King Street, please '
The man smiled pleasantly. He did not understand English! He spoke German. He was a tourist.
①问路时表示委婉要用Excuse me.
②后一句中the way to意为“去……的路”。
此句还可以说成：Can you tell me how to get to King Street, please
Can you tell me where King Street is, please
③speak + 语言
④tourist n. 旅游者；tour n. 观光、旅游；tourism n. 旅游业
3）Then he put his hand into pocket, and took out a phrasebook.He opened the book and found a phrase. He read the phrase slowly. 'I am sorry,' he said. 'I do not speak English.'
①then意为“然后”，还有“那么”，“那时”之意。
②put sth. into sth. “把……放进……里”，还如：put sth. on sth. “把……放在……上”。
③take out sth. “拿出……”，took是take的过去式形式。
还如：take out sth. from sth. = take sth. out of sth.“从……拿出”
He took out a book from his schoolbag. = He took a book out of a schoolbag.
四、重要语法
副词的用法
1）定义：副词在句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，用来表示时间、场所、状态及程度。
副词可以是单个的词（如slowly）也可以是词组（如very well）。单一副词既有以–ly结尾的，也有不以-ly结尾的（quickly, fast）。
2）分类：副词按词汇意义可分为
方式副词 well（好），fast（快），slowly（慢），carefully（小心地）
程度副词 very（很），much（很），enough（足够），almost（几乎），hardly（几乎不）
地点副词 here（这里），there（那里），out（在外），home（在家），abroad（在国外）
时间副词 today（今天），soon（很快），already（已经），now（现在）
频度副词 always（总是），usually（通常），often（经常），never（从不），sometimes（有时），seldom（很少），once（曾经，一度）
其 他 also（也），either（也），too（也），only（仅仅），perhaps（也许），maybe（可能）
3）形容词向副词转换一般遵循3个规则
①在形容词后面直接加 –ly，如：
quick — quickly hurried — hurriedly pleasant — pleasantly warm — warmly
②以 –y 结尾的形容词，则把 –y变 –i，再加 –ly，如：
thirsty — thirstily happy — happily healthy — healthily
③形容词与副词形式相同，如：
late — late fast — fast hard — hard well — well
4）副词在句中的成分
①作状语
He studies hard. 他努力学习。（副词hard修饰动词studies）
You are quite right. 你相当正确。（副词quite修饰形容词right）
She parked the car very easily. 她很容易就把汽车停放好了。（副词very修饰副词easily）
Unfortunately she was out. 很不巧，她出去了。（副词unfortunately修饰整个句子）
②作定语
有少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后面。
The people here are all from Tianjin. 这儿的人都是天津人。
③作表语
She is in. 她在家。
What’s on this evening 今天晚上演了什么节目？
I must be off now. 我现在必须走了。
④作宾语补足语
Let them in. 让他们进来。
We saw him off two days ago. 两天前我们为他送行。
5）副词在句中的位置
①地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末。
I’ll wait for you here. 我将在这儿等你。（地点副词）
I’ll meet him at the station tomorrow. 明天我将去车站接他。（时间副词）
Tom runs fast. 汤姆跑的很快。（方式副词）
注意：a. 有时为了强调时间，也可把时间副词放在句首。
Tomorrow I’ll meet him at the station. 明天我要在车站接她。
b. 如果句末同时有几个副词，它的基本顺序是：方式副词 + 地点副词 + 时间副词。
They did their experiments carefully（方式）in the lab（地点）yesterday（时间）. 昨天他们在实验室认真地做实验。
The students all worked well（方式）here（地点）last week（时间）. 这些学生上周在这里都做得很好。
②频度副词在句中的位置为：
A. 在be动词、情态动词及助动词之后。
She is always kind to us. 她对我们总是很好。
I can never forget the day. 我永远也不能忘掉这一天。
She has already finished her homework. 她已经写完了她的作业。
B. 在实义动词之前
He often goes to school by bike. 他经常骑自行车去上学。
③程度副词在句中的位置：
A. 修饰动词是，她在句中的位置与频度副词情况相似。
He is almost forty years old. 他快40岁了。
I can hardly understand you. 我几乎听不懂你的话。
I quite like the boy. 我相当喜欢这个男孩儿。
B. 修饰形容词、副词时，放在它所修饰词之前。（enough除外）
He studies much harder now. 现在他学习努力多了。
Tom is old enough to go to school. 汤姆够年龄可以上学了。