2024年新高考英语三轮复习 专题74【二模】阅读理解议论文三年真题 最新模拟18篇（技法 真题 模拟）（原卷版+解析版）

2024年新高考英语三轮复习（全国通用）
专题74 阅读理解议论文三年真题+最新模拟18篇（技法+真题+模拟）
解析版
目 录
技能专区 1
真题专区 2
模拟专区 4
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、阅读理解议论文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
二、重视议论文“总分总”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特作用。
三、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
四、议论文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”，（从句）（非谓语）
（介词短语）（名词短语）。
五、规范训练目标：做标记，留痕迹；零失误；限时6分钟/每篇。
一线教学专家谈2024英语备考
启发一：加快答题速度。阅读速度过慢，就会挤压后面两篇作文的答题时间。本次考试中，不少考生的读后续写作文第二段来不及写，非常可惜。
启发二：夯实核心词汇。尤其对答题起关键作用的词汇，如杭州二模阅读理解,考生不清楚它们的准确含义，就很容易答错题：23题 C选项中
的newsletter（某组织的内部简讯）；27题 B选项中的vision（眼力；远见卓识）；28题 A选项中的adapted（进化或适应）。
启发三：多阅读话题陌生的文章。话题陌生的文章难度大（比如C篇），在考场上，考生需要“现学现卖”，即学即用，根据上下文处理和整合信息，这时候，他们的背景知识根本起不了作用。
启发四：多阅读话题抽象的文章。这类文章往往涉及哲学、书评、心理学等领域的最新发现，话题抽象，内容虚无，看不见摸不着，容易让考生困惑。
启发五：多熟悉常见题型的解题方法。杭州二模阅读理解还有段落大意、添加标题、猜测词义、举例论证、作者态度、文章出处等经典题型。在平时的阅读训练中，建议对各个题型进行有针对性的专题训练。
启发六：研究五年高考真题。研究高考阅读理解真题有助于学生了解高考的命题规律和特点。高考作为全国性的重要考试，其命题有着一定的规律性和科学性。通过深入研究真题，学生可以更清晰地认识到高考阅读理解的题型、难度、考点以及答题技巧，从而在备考过程中更加有的放矢，提高备考效率。
真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数
（2021年全国甲卷）Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or
belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative. C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【答案】12-15 ADAB
【导读】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
12. A。推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说
历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。
13. D。推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。
14. A。细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。
15. B。主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius （谁是天才）”和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心
（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle
of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.
1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A．People should offer mercy to others.
B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
2．What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A．To forgive is to love. B．To dominate is to harm.
C．To fight is to grow. D．To give is to receive.
3．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness
A．Favorable. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Skeptical.
4．What is message of the last paragraph
A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time.
C．It takes practice to forgive. D．Actuality is based on potentiality.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“原谅是否违背人类本性”这一主题进行了深入的探讨和论证，通过对比不同的人类本性观点，分析了原谅在个体和社区中的作用和意义。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.(在一篇关于宽恕心理学的早期论文中，Droll(1984)提出了一个有趣的观点，即人类的本质比宽恕所允许的更具攻击性。那些宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害。在他看来，宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福，而这些人可能会利用他们。)”可知，Droll认为宽恕的人违背了他们的本性，对他们造成了很大的伤害，他认为宽恕者在向他人提供仁慈的同时，也在损害自己的幸福。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第二段所举例子上文“Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions.(研究人员发现，为了全面成长为人类，我们既需要从别人那里接受爱，也需要向别人提供爱。没有爱，我们与生活中各种各样的人的联系就会破裂。甚至常识也强烈表明，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动。)”可知，没有爱，我们与他人的联系就会破裂，控制他人的意愿并不会促成和谐的互动；奴隶制是一个基于对他人的支配和控制的制度，它造成了大量的伤害和痛苦。“For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony (例如，奴隶制作为社会和谐的一种模式发挥了多大的作用 )”通过以奴隶社会举例，以反问的方式，来阐明试图通过支配和权力来控制他人并不能带来真正的和谐或幸福，即控制就是伤害。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people. (从作为人类的第二种观点来看，宽恕在个人和社区的生理和心理完整性方面都起着关键作用，因为科学研究表明，宽恕的结果之一是减少仇恨，恢复和谐。宽恕可以打破愤怒的循环。至少在某种程度上，与你疏远的人接受你的爱和宽恕，并准备做出必要的调整。宽恕可以治愈人际关系，重新连接人际关系。)”可知，作者认为原谅在个体和社区生物学和心理学完整性中的关键作用，指出原谅能够减少仇恨、恢复和谐，并且能够打破愤怒的循环。作者还提到原谅可以治愈关系，让人们重新建立联系。这些观点都表明作者对于原谅持有支持的态度。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.(值得注意的是，当我们从古典哲学的角度，即亚里士多德的角度来看，我们会看到潜在性和现实性之间的区别。我们不一定天生就有宽恕的能力，但我们有潜力去学习宽恕，并在宽恕的能力中成长。宽恕的现实性，它在冲突情境中的实际运用，是随着实践而发展的。)”可知，最后一段主要传达了原谅需要实践的信息。作者通过引用古典哲学中关于潜在性和实际性的观点，指出我们并不是天生就具备原谅的能力，而是需要通过学习和实践来培养和发展这种能力。因此，原谅并不是一种自然而然的行为，而是需要我们付出努力去实践的。故选C。
（2024·广东韶关·二模）Is life a story or a game Answers may vary from one to another. Over the course of life, we find things to love and commit to — a job, a partner or a community. At times, we struggle to learn from our misfortunes to grow in wisdom, kindness and grace.
Will Storr, a writer whose work I admire, says this story version of life is a misunderstanding. In his book The Status Game, he argues that human beings are deeply driven by status. Rather than about being liked or accepted, he writes, it’s about being better than others. “When people are obedient to us, offer respect, admiration or praise, that’s status. It feels good.”
Life is a series of games, he adds. There’s the high school game of competing to be the popular kid. The lawyer game to make partner. The finance game to make the most money. The academic game for fame. The sports game to show that our team is the best. Even when we are trying to do good, Storr claims, we’re playing the “virtue game” to show we are morally superior to others.
I think Storr is in danger of becoming one of those guys who ignore the noble desires of the human heart and the caring element in every friendship and family. The status-mad world that Storr describes is so loveless. In fact, gaming as a way of life is immature. Maturity means rising above the shallow desire — for status — that doesn’t really nourish us. It’s about cultivating the higher desires: the love of truth and learning; the inner pleasure the craftsman gets in his work, which is not about popularity, and the desire for a good and meaningful life that inspires people to practise daily acts of generosity.
How do people gradually learn to cultivate these higher motivations To answer that, I’d have to tell you a story.
5．What lies in the core of Will Storr’s opinion about life
A．The pride in one’s virtue. B．The pursuit of superiority.
C．The desire for acceptance. D．The motivation by wealth.
6．What can be viewed as higher motivations in the text
A．Love and inspiration. B．Maturity and desire.
C．Commitment and kindness. D．Friendship and popularity.
7．What’s the main purpose of the passage
A．To correct an attitude. B．To compare two values.
C．To explain two arguments. D．To criticize a viewpoint.
8．What story do you think the author will tell next
A．A king’s-comeback story. B．A rags-to-riches story.
C．A Yuan Longping-style story. D．An overnight-success story.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．A 8．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文，生活是一个故事还是一场游戏？作家Will Storr认为生活就是一系列的游戏，人类深受地位的驱使，作者指出这种生活态度是不成熟的，成熟意味着追求更高的愿望。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In his book The Status Game, he argues that human beings are deeply driven by status. Rather than about being liked or accepted, he writes, it’s about being better than others. ‘When people are obedient to us, offer respect, admiration or praise, that’s status. It feels good.’(在他的著作《地位游戏》中，他认为人类深受地位的驱使。他写道，这不是关于被喜欢或被接受，而是关于比别人更好。‘当人们顺从我们，给予尊重、钦佩或赞美时，这就是地位。感觉很好。’)”可知，Will Storr的作品核心在于追求更高的地位，要比别人更好，B项“追求卓越”符合题意，故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the course of life, we find things to love and commit to — a job, a partner or a community. At times, we struggle to learn from our misfortunes to grow in wisdom, kindness and grace.(在生命的过程中，我们会找到一些值得热爱和承诺的事情——一份工作、一个伴侣或一个社区。有时，我们挣扎着从不幸中学习，在智慧、善良和优雅中成长)”和第四段中“It’s about cultivating the higher desires: the love of truth and learning; the inner pleasure the craftsman gets in his work, which is not about popularity, and the desire for a good and meaningful life that inspires people to practise daily acts of generosity.(它是关于培养更高的愿望：对真理和学习的热爱；工匠从他的作品中获得的内心愉悦，与受欢迎与否无关，以及对美好而有意义的生活的渴望，激励着人们践行慷慨的日常行为)”可知，C项“承诺和善良”可以被视为更高的动机，故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据全文内容，结合第四段中“I think Storr is in danger of becoming one of those guys who ignore the noble desires of the human heart and the caring element in every friendship and family. The status-mad world that Storr describes is so loveless. In fact, gaming as a way of life is immature. Maturity means rising above the shallow desire — for status —that doesn’t really nourish us. It’s about cultivating the higher desires…(我认为斯托尔有可能成为那些忽视人类内心的崇高愿望和每一份友谊和家庭中的关怀元素的人之一。Storr所描述的这个为地位而疯狂的世界是如此缺乏爱。事实上，游戏作为一种生活方式是不成熟的。成熟意味着超越肤浅的欲望——对地位的渴望——这并不能真正滋养我们。它是关于培养更高的愿望)”可知，文章首句“Is life a story or a game (生活是一个故事还是一场游戏 )”提出问题：生活是一个故事还是一场游戏？接着提到了作家Will Storr对此问题的回答，Will Storr认为生活就是一系列的游戏，人类深受地位的驱使，接着作者提到这种生活态度是不成熟的，故本文目的是纠正一种态度，故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“It’s about cultivating the higher desires: the love of truth and learning; the inner pleasure the craftsman gets in his work, which is not about popularity, and the desire for a good and
meaningful life that inspires people to practise daily acts of generosity.(它是关于培养更高的愿望：对真理和学习的热爱；工匠从他的作品中获得的内心愉悦，与受欢迎与否无关，以及对美好而有意义的生活的渴望，激励着人们践行慷慨的日常行为)”和最后一段“How do people gradually learn to cultivate these higher motivations To answer that, I’d have to tell you a story.(人们如何逐渐学会培养这些更高的动机？要回答这个问题，我得给你讲个故事)”可知，更高的愿望是对真理和学习的热爱和对美好而有意义的生活的渴望，作者接下来要讲述关于如何培养这些更高动机的故事，C项“一个袁隆平式的故事”符合更高动机的内涵，故选C。
（2024·山西临汾·二模）Pullman is a superb writer and Seagull is a brilliant communicator. They had a debate after Seagull posted a question on his social media platform: “When you were trying to create an environment for learning, what were your best pieces of classical music to listen to ” He received hundreds of suggestions — and one negative reply, from Pullman: “That’s not what classical music is for. Treat it with respect.”
That did it! Everyone — professional musicians, students, teachers — weighed into the argument, and the majority supported Seagull and were criticizing Pullman.
It’s easy to see why people are annoyed. We all want classical music to be as accessible as possible, especially to the young. If some of them are using Bach or Schubert as a tool to help them study, what’s the problem They may also develop an attachment to classical music.
So is Pullman ridiculous and supercilious by objecting to classical music being used as background music At first sight, his idea seems stuffy and extreme. By suggesting that classical music should be “treated with respect” and not used as background music, Pullman seems to be closing classical music of to millions of people.
It’s worth pointing out, however, that he isn’t the first to express concerns about classical music being devalued by becoming too commonplace in today’s technologically shaped world. In Benjamin Britten’s 1964 speech, the composer expressed exactly the same worries as Pullman. Britten suggested, “The true musical experience demands some preparation, some effort, a journey to a special place, saving up for a ticket, some homework perhaps”. In short, it demands as much effort from listeners as from composers and performers.
I don’t agree with such an extreme viewpoint, but I do think it touches on a reality. You will never fully grasp the beauty of classical music if you half-hear it only in the background. That doesn’t necessarily matter. Music can be enjoyed on many levels. What Pullman and Britten are really saying is that, in a drive for “accessibility”, we shouldn’t deny the emotional and intellectual complexity underpinning (构成) much classical music.
9．What did Seagull’s posting result in
A．Great admiration for Seagull.
B．Public criticism of classical music.
C．A discussion about learning environments.
D．An argument over the role of classical music.
10．What does the underlined word “supercilious” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Self-important. B．Open-minded. C．Impatient. D．Considerate.
11．Why is the Benjamin Britten’s 1964 speech mentioned
A．To show his affection for classical music.
B．To introduce young people to classical music.
C．To demonstrate classical music is demanding.
D．To support Pullman’s idea over classical music.
12．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Pullman’s idea
A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Uninterested.
【答案】9．D 10．A 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要讨论了古典音乐的应用场景和价值，以及对于将古典音乐用作背景音乐的不同观点。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“Pullman is a superb writer and Seagull is a brilliant communicator. They had a debate after Seagull posted a question on his social media platform: “When you were trying to create an environment for learning, what were your best pieces of classical music to listen to ” He received hundreds of suggestions — and one negative reply, from Pullman: “That’s not what classical music is for. Treat it with respect.”(普尔曼是一位杰出的作家，而Seagull是一位才华横溢的沟通者。Seagull在他的社交媒体平台上发布了一个问题后，他们进行了一场辩论：“当你试图创造一个学习环境时，你听过的最好的古典音乐是什么？”他收到了数百条建议，但也有普尔曼的一条负面回复：“那不是古典音乐的用途。请尊重它。”)”以及第二段“That did it! Everyone — professional musicians, students, teachers — weighed into the argument, and the majority supported Seagull and were criticizing Pullman.(这引起了轰动！所有人，包括专业音乐家、学生、老师，都参与了这场争论，大多数人支持Seagull并批评普尔曼)”可知，Seagull发帖的结果是引起了关于古典音乐作用的争论。故选D项。
10．词句猜测题。根据前文“ridiculous and”可知，supercilious和ridiculous (荒谬的)并列，为贬义词，以及后文“At first sight, his idea seems stuffy and extreme. By suggesting that classical music should be “treated with respect” and not used as background music, Pullman seems to be closing classical music of to millions of people.(乍一看，他的想法似乎很古板且极端。普尔曼建议应该“尊重”古典音乐，而不是将其用作背景音乐，这似乎让数百万人无法接触古典音乐)”可知，普尔曼认为需要尊重古典音乐，所以推知普尔曼认为将古典音
乐作为背景音乐是荒谬和傲慢的，supercilious为“傲慢”之意，和A项“妄自尊大的”意思相近。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It’s worth pointing out, however, that he isn’t the first to express concerns about classical music being devalued by becoming too commonplace in today’s technologically shaped world. In Benjamin Britten’s 1964 speech, the composer expressed exactly the same worries as Pullman. Britten suggested, “The true musical experience demands some preparation, some effort, a journey to a special place, saving up for a ticket, some homework perhaps”. In short, it demands as much effort from listeners as from composers and performers.(然而，值得一提的是，他并不是第一个对古典音乐因在今天这个科技塑造的世界中变得过于普通而被贬值表示担忧的人。在1964年的演讲中，作曲家本杰明·布里顿表达了与普尔曼完全相同的担忧。布里顿说：“真正的音乐体验需要一些准备，一些努力，前往一个特殊的地方，攒钱买门票，也许还要做一些功课。”简而言之，它要求听众和作曲家以及表演者付出同样多的努力)”可知，作者提到了本杰明·布里顿1964年的演讲，是为了支持普尔曼对古典音乐的看法。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I don’t agree with such an extreme viewpoint, but I do think it touches on a reality. You will never fully grasp the beauty of classical music if you half-hear it only in the background. That doesn’t necessarily matter. Music can be enjoyed on many levels. What Pullman and Britten are really saying is that, in a drive for “accessibility”, we shouldn’t deny the emotional and intellectual complexity underpinning (构成) much classical music.(我不同意这种极端的观点，但我认为它触及了一个现实。如果你只是在背景中半听，你将永远无法完全领略古典音乐的美。不过这也不一定重要。音乐可以在很多层面上被欣赏。普尔曼和布里顿真正想说的是，在追求“可访问性”的过程中，我们不应该否认许多古典音乐所构成的情感和智力上的复杂性)”可知，作者既不同意普尔曼极端的观点，但是也不认为将古典音乐作为背景音乐是合适的，因为你将永远无法完全领略古典音乐的美，所以他的态度是客观的。故选C项。
（2024·山西晋中·二模）Socially, few things are more annoying than someone repeatedly checking their phone in the middle of your conversation with them. Soon enough, you’re having unhappy thoughts, thinking of their way like, I’m boring you; you’re more concerned with whoever’s on that phone than me; you don’t care about me. None of that is necessarily true, but this is: “If someone is engaged in a great conversation, they wouldn’t care about their phones,” says Leslie, a psychologist and researcher at NYU.
Do you sometimes wonder: What should I have said to a rude person like this What if we have to talk to such maddening persons Experts have advice about how to deal with this.
Whether you say something or not, remember that the cell-addict’s annoying habits aren’t about you. “It’s rude, for sure, but sometimes we mistake the behavior for more than what it is,” says Leslie. “It’s possible that they are facing something tough and merely experiencing nervousness or anxiety,” he adds. It’s also possible that their partner is stuck with a flat tyre (轮胎) or their kid is sick in hospital. The point is that you don’t know.
So before you become angry at the cell-addict’s open rudeness, focus instead on building a better conversation than whatever’s going down on Instagram. You might never be able to achieve this, given the power of today’s social media, so if you’re close enough to a person, Leslie advises you to directly ask them: “What’s on that thing that’s so interesting ” Chances are that they will apologise at once and quickly put the phone away. But if the answer is something real, talk about it. Better yet, you can avoid the situation in advance by saying something like, “I’m really interested in catching up properly, so how about we leave our phones in the car ” If they indeed have that flat tyre or sick kid, at least you won’t have to assume that it’s because your stories are boring.
13．Why do people often check their phones according to Leslie
A．They are anxious about something.
B．They are enjoying the conversation.
C．They are bored with the conversation.
D．They are interested in what’s on the phone.
14．What could be a reason for the cell-addicts’ annoying habits according to Leslie
A．They may be nervous or anxious.
B．They are being rude intentionally.
C．They are avoiding the conversation.
D．They are disinterested in social interactions.
15．What is a better way to deal with the rudeness
A．Talking about something real.
B．Asking the other person directly.
C．Avoiding the situation in advance.
D．Asking the other person for explanation.
16．What’s the main idea of the text
A．What is a cell-addict.
B．How to deal with a cell-addict.
C．Why people repeatedly check their phones.
D．When to cut in appropriately during a conversation.
【答案】13．A 14．A 15．C 16．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在与他人交谈时，对方频繁查看手机这一社会现象的影响和应对策略。
13．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““It’s rude, for sure, but sometimes we mistake the behavior for more than what it is,” says Leslie. “It’s possible that they are facing something tough and merely experiencing nervousness or anxiety,” he adds. It’s also possible that their partner is stuck with a flat tyre (轮胎) or their kid is sick in hospital. The point is that you don’t know.( Leslie说：“这当然是粗鲁的，但有时我们会误解这种行为。”他补充说：“他们可能正面临一些艰难的事情，只是感到紧张或焦虑。”也有可能是他们的伴侣的轮胎漏气了，或者他们的孩子生病住院了。关键是你不知道。)”可知，Leslie认为人们经常看手机可能是因为他们可能正面临一些艰难的事情，只是感到紧张或焦虑。故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““It’s rude, for sure, but sometimes we mistake the behavior for more than what it is,” says Leslie. “It’s possible that they are facing something tough and merely experiencing nervousness or anxiety,” he adds. It’s also possible that their partner is stuck with a flat tyre (轮胎) or their kid is sick in hospital. The point is that you don’t know.( Leslie说：“这当然是粗鲁的，但有时我们会误解这种行为。”他补充说：“他们可能正面临一些艰难的事情，只是感到紧张或焦虑。”也有可能是他们的伴侣的轮胎漏气了，或者他们的孩子生病住院了。关键是你不知道。)”可知，Leslie认为手机成瘾者一直看手机可能是因为他们可能会紧张或焦虑。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Better yet, you can avoid the situation in advance by saying something like, “I’m really interested in catching up properly, so how about we leave our phones in the car ” If they indeed have that flat tyre or sick kid, at least you won’t have to assume that it’s because your stories are boring.(更好的是，你可以提前避免这种情况，你可以这样说：“我真的很想好好聊聊，所以我们把手机放在车里怎么样？”如果他们真的有漏气的轮胎或生病的孩子，至少你不必认为这是因为你的故事很无聊。)”可知，处理这种粗鲁行为的更好方法是提前避免这种情况。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Do you sometimes wonder: What should I have said to a rude person like this What if we have to talk to such maddening persons Experts have advice about how to deal with this.(你是否有时会想:我应该对这样一个粗鲁的人说些什么？如果我们不得不和这些令人抓狂的人交谈怎么办？专家对如何处理这个问题给出了建议。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了在交谈中如何应对对方频繁查看手机这一行为，即如何处理一个“手机成瘾者”。文章首先描述了这种行为带来的负面影响，然后提出了如何应对的建议和策略，包括理解对方可能的真实情况、建立更有趣的对话、直接询问对方以及提前提出将手机放在一边的建议等。因此，文章的主要思想是讲述如何应对一个“手机成瘾者”。故选B。
（2024·陕西·二模）Growing up, I felt that I learned some things quickly and other things painfully slowly. Picking up French and Spanish seemed to come naturally, while painting and drawing required a lot of practice. I thought that some people just have a talent for languages; others don’t.
You’ve probably felt the same way—that certain things were easier for you to learn. And so did my research
partners. So we set out to identify what makes some people learn faster than others. If we could just distill (提取) these unique characteristics, we thought, we would be able to create better learning environments—and make everyone a fast learner.
In our study, we model data from student performance on groups of tasks that assess the same skill component and that provide follow-up instructions on student errors. Our models estimate the increase in correctness after each practice opportunity. We applied our models to 1.3 million observations across 27 datasets of student interactions with online practice systems in the context of elementary to college courses. In contrast, and much to our surprise, we found students to be astonishingly similar in estimated learning rate. There are no such things as fast and slow learners!
We find that a typical student needs about seven learning opportunities to master a typical knowledge component. They start at different levels of proficiency but, when provided with high-quality practice opportunities, they learn at about the same speed. Yes, they will end in different places-but that’s because they have different starting lines, not because they are quicker or slower to learn.
That means the types of opportunities you get are important. Detailed, timely feedback and hints provide favorable conditions that allow you to consistently make progress, regardless of where you began.
Don’t think you’re alone if learning feels slow and effortful. Do try, try again. You can make as much progress as everyone else—and so can the young people in your life. Achievement gaps are the result of opportunity gaps, not individual differences in learning speed.
17．What is the author’s previous thought according to the first two paragraphs
A．He can’t learn painting and drawing. B．All people have a talent for languages.
C．People learn things in the same way. D．People have different learning speeds.
18．What did the researchers do in the research
A．Teach elementary courses. B．Criticize students’ mistakes.
C．Apply their models extensively. D．Distinguish the fast and slow learners.
19．How can a student make greater achievements according to the research
A．By using high-quality equipment. B．By doing more efficient practice.
C．By competing with other students. D．By increasing learning speed.
20．What is the best title of the text
A．There Is No Such Things as a Fast Learner B．How We Can Learn Faster than Others
C．There Is No Difference Between Students D．Why Education Is Important to Us
【答案】17．D 18．C 19．B 20．A
【导语】本文为一篇议论文，主要论述了学习成就差距是机会差距的结果，而不是学习方面的个人差异，所以，没有学得快这类事。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Growing up, I felt that I learned some things quickly and other things painfully slowly.(在成长过程中，我觉得有些东西学得很快，有些东西学得很慢)”及“I thought that some people just have a talent for languages; others don’t.(我以为有些人就是有语言天赋；其他人则没有)”及第二段“You’ve probably felt the same way—that certain things were easier for you to learn.(你可能也有同样的感觉——某些东西对你来说更容易学会)”可知，作者原来的观点是有些人学得快，有的人学得慢，有些东西对某些人来说更容易，即，人们有不同的学习速度。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“We applied our models to 1.3 million observations across 27 datasets of student interactions with online practice systems in the context of elementary to college courses.(我们将我们的模型应用于27个数据集的130万个观察结果，这些数据集是学生在小学到大学课程背景下与在线练习系统的互动)”可知，研究者将数据模型应用于130万个观察结果，可以说是广泛应用了数据模型。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“They start at different levels of proficiency but, when provided with high-quality practice opportunities, they learn at about the same speed.(他们开始时的熟练程度不同，但当提供高质量的练习机会时，他们的学习速度大致相同)”及第五段“That means the types of opportunities you get are important. Detailed, timely feedback and hints provide favorable conditions that allow you to consistently make progress, regardless of where you began.(这意味着你获得的机会类型很重要。无论你从哪里开始，详细、及时的反馈和提示都能为你持续进步提供有利条件)”及最后一段“Achievement gaps are the result of opportunity gaps, not individual differences in learning speed.(成绩差距是机会差距的结果，而不是学习速度的个体差异)”可推知，高质量和效率的练习能让学生获得更大的学习成就。故选B。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“In contrast, and much to our surprise, we found students to be astonishingly similar in estimated learning rate. There are no such things as fast and slow learners!(相比之下，令我们惊讶的是，我们发现学生在估计的学习速度上惊人地相似。学习速度没有快慢之分)”及最后一段“Achievement gaps are the result of opportunity gaps, not individual differences in learning speed.(成绩差距是机会差距的结果，而不是学习速度的个体差异)”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍学习成就差距是机会差距的结果，而不是学习方面的个人差异，所以，没有学得快这类事，A选项“没有所谓的快速学习者”符合本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A。
（2024·安徽池州·二模）How do we come to make sense of our daily lives How can we gain a strong grasp of who we really are and how we fit in the world And how can we naturally connect to important ones in our lives “Life stories are one of the prime tools we have for understanding ourselves and the world around us.” says Robyn
Fivush, a professor at Emory University.
Humans are natural storytellers. We use stories to understand our present, draw insights from our past, and anticipate the future. Thus, storytelling is basic to our lives. As a form of rich engagement between family members, family storytelling should be valued more. Sharing bedtime stories and talks after school, or walking through an event that left a young child crying—these are all opportunities for parents and children to become closer through warmth, understanding and support. Fivush and her colleagues have underscored the value of storytelling in parenting. The ways parents support children’s emotions and help them retell more vivid, richly detailed stories have lasting impacts on children’s cognitive(认知的)and emotional development.
Children and teenagers learn how to talk about their lives from family stories. An early example is learning how to present a detailed story with a beginning, a middle, and an end—to give it a clear structure. Further, they learn what is appropriate to talk about or avoid and what feelings are appropriate to share over dinner or out with others.
When growing up, we use our life stories to build complex and stable views of ourselves. Through stories about the traditions maintained over the years, we make connections between past successes and failures, our relationships, and the activities that hold meaning to us to develop our new identities. These identities reflect our roles as family members, community members, co-workers and so on, thus helping us have a more complete view of ourselves.
Having a lasting impact on ourselves and those around us, life stories are filled with meaning, insight, and value. By the way, what’s the story that stands out to you from a recent meal or chat
21．Why does the writer ask three questions in the beginning
A．To explain a general idea.
B．To give background information.
C．To introduce an argument.
D．To report the finding of a study.
22．What does the underlined word “underscored” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Cast doubt on. B．Attached importance to.
C．Shown concern for. D．Thought poorly of.
23．How can life stories help form a complete view of ourselves according to the writer
A．By maintaining social ties.
B．By rebuilding our identities.
C．By connecting our past and future.
D．By learning from family members.
24．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A review on a storybook.
B．An advice letter for social life.
C．A guidebook to parenting.
D．An essay on the value of storytelling.
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．B 24．D
【导语】本文的体裁是议论文。主要探讨了生活故事在个人身份认同和情感发展中的作用，以及家庭讲故事对亲子关系的重要性。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段“Life stories are one of the prime tools we have for understanding ourselves and the world around us(生活故事是我们了解自己和周围世界的主要工具之一)”可推理出第一段使用了三个问题是为了引出“生活故事是我们了解自己和周围世界的主要工具之一”这一论点，故选C项。
22．词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词上文“Sharing bedtime stories and talks after school, or walking through an event that left a young child crying—these are all opportunities for parents and children to become closer through warmth, understanding and support.(分享睡前故事和放学后的谈话，或者走过一个让孩子哭泣的事件，这些都是父母和孩子通过温暖、理解和支持变得更亲密的机会)”以及下文“the value of storytelling in parenting(讲故事在育儿中的价值)”可推理出，划线词的含义为“重视”，故选B项。
23．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“When growing up, we use our life stories to build complex and stable views of ourselves. Through stories about the traditions maintained over the years, we make connections between past successes and failures, our relationships, and the activities that hold meaning to us to develop our new identities. These identities reflect our roles as family members, community members, co-workers and so on, thus helping us have a more complete view of ourselves(在成长过程中，我们用自己的生活故事来构建复杂而稳定的自我观念。通过讲述多年来保持的传统故事，我们在过去的成败、人际关系以及对我们有意义的活动中建立联系，以发展我们的新身份。这些身份反映了我们作为家庭成员、社区成员、同事等的角色，从而帮助我们对自己有一个更完整的认识)”可知，通过讲述生活故事，我们可以建立起对自己的复杂而稳定的看法。通过讲述多年来保持的传统，我们可以将过去的成功和失败、我们的关系以及对我们有意义的活动联系起来，从而发展出我们的新身份。这些身份反映了我们作为家庭成员、社区成员、同事等的角色，从而帮助我们更全面地看待自己，故选B项。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段“Life stories are one of the prime tools we have for understanding ourselves and the world around us(生活故事是我们了解自己和周围世界的主要工具之一)”、第二段“Sharing bedtime stories and talks after school, or walking through an event that left a young child crying—these are all opportunities for parents and children to become closer through warmth, understanding and support.(分享睡前故事和放学
后的谈话，或者走过一个让孩子哭泣的事件，这些都是父母和孩子通过温暖、理解和支持变得更亲密的机会)”、倒数第二段“When growing up, we use our life stories to build complex and stable views of ourselves. Through stories about the traditions maintained over the years, we make connections between past successes and failures, our relationships, and the activities that hold meaning to us to develop our new identities. (在成长过程中，我们用自己的生活故事来构建复杂而稳定的自我观念。通过讲述多年来保持的传统故事，我们在过去的成败、人际关系以及对我们有意义的活动中建立联系，以发展我们的新身份)”以及最后一段“Having a lasting impact on ourselves and those around us, life stories are filled with meaning, insight, and value.( 生活故事对我们自己和周围的人都有着持久的影响，充满了意义、洞察力和价值)”可知，文章开篇指出讲故事是理解日常生活和了解自我的重要工具，并通过 Fivush 教授的观点以及家庭讲故事的例子说明了讲故事在生活中的重要性。然后文章介绍了家庭讲故事对孩子的影响，包括学习如何表达自己的生活、了解什么是适当的话题和情感表达等。接着文章提到了通过讲故事来建立自己的身份认同，并介绍了这种方式对个人认知和情感发展的影响。最后文章总结了讲故事对个人和周围人的重要性，并提出了一个问题，引导读者思考自己最近的经历中有什么突出的故事。可推理出，文章取自探讨讲故事的价值和重要性的文章，故选D项。
（2024·重庆·二模）Three young American men were on a crowded train when they encountered a heavily armed terrorist. With little regard for their personal safety, they rushed the terrorist and controlled him. Only some people seem capable of this split-second form of heroism. Why some men rise to the occasion — and others don’t — has been a bit tricky to explain. Psychologists have explored this question through biological and personality psychology.
Of course, heroism and courage can appear in many forms, and men and women risk their reputations, health, and social standing to do what they think is right. When it comes to physically risky bravery, people assume that men will take the lead. There are sound biological reasons for this fixed image. One of the most common fears in men is that they’ll be outed as a coward (懦夫), and a man who fails to display physical courage will suffer damage to his reputation in a way that a woman will not. Throughout human history, attaining a position of high status or dominance among one’s peers (同龄人) has been the ticket that needs to get punched for men to attract mates and father children.
People tend to have an idea of what heroes are like. When rating the personalities of movie heroes, participants expected them to be more careful and hard-working, open to experience, agreeable, and emotionally stable than the average person. But some studies indicate that people who exhibit heroic behavior score high on personality usually associated with madmen: risk-taking, sensation seeking, coolness under stress, and a tendency to take over in social situations.
The study of the relationship between personality and heroism is at an early stage. Psychologists are still at a
loss to predict in advance who will heroically step up when needed. Often, the hero is an otherwise ordinary person who finds himself in extraordinary circumstances. Meanwhile, some individuals trained to behave heroically might hesitate during a crisis. Future disasters will cry out for further acts of true heroism. Hopefully, the right mix of circumstances and personalities enable courage to carry the day.
25．How is the topic introduced in the first paragraph
A．By giving an example. B．By presenting a concept.
C．By making a comparison. D．By drawing a conclusion.
26．What do the underlined words “get punched” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Be bought. B．Be gifted. C．Be obtained. D．Be abandoned.
27．Why is it difficult to predict who will act heroically in a crisis
A．Heroes and ordinary people are always difficult to tell apart.
B．Heroism is a phenomenon influenced by numerous factors.
C．Unknown circumstances play a crucial role in heroic acts.
D．Individual personality is not a reliable indicator of heroism.
28．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．How Are Heroes Trained B．Why Are Heroes Important
C．Who Are the True Heroes D．What Makes a Person Heroic
【答案】25．A 26．C 27．B 28．D
【导语】这是一篇议论文，本文讨论了为什么有的人愿意冒着生命危险去救助他人。
25．推理判断题。开篇“Three young American men were on a crowded train when they encountered a heavily armed terrorist. With little regard for their personal safety, they rushed the terrorist and controlled him.(三名年轻的美国男子在拥挤的火车上遇到了一名全副武装的恐怖分子。他们不顾自己的人身安全，冲向恐怖分子并控制住了他)”作者描述了三个年轻的美国人在拥挤的列车上不顾个人安危，挺身而出，勇斗并制服全副武装的恐怖分子。这个具体的事例引出了本篇文章的主题——为什么有的人能成为英雄。故选A。
26．词句猜测题。结合划线部分所在句中“attaining a position of high status or dominance among one’s peers(在同辈中获得崇高或主导地位)”可推知，在同辈中获得崇高或主导地位对男性来说应是一种荣誉、优势，故此处指在人类历史上，在同辈中获得崇高或主导地位一直是男性吸引伴侣和生育后代的必要条件。get punched指“获取入场券或通行证”。故选C。
27．推理判断题。最后一段“Psychologists are still at a loss to predict in advance who will heroically step up
when needed. Often, the hero is an otherwise ordinary person who finds himself in extraordinary circumstances. Meanwhile, some individuals trained to behave heroically might hesitate during a crisis.(心理学家仍然无法提前预测谁会在需要的时候挺身而出。通常，英雄是一个普通人，他发现自己处于非同寻常的环境中。与此同时，一些受过英勇训练的人可能会在危机中犹豫不决)”可知，心理学家们仍然无法提前预测谁会在需要时挺身而出。因为英雄主义是与复杂的个人特质有关， 往往是在极端压力和不确定性下表现出来。然而有些人可能接受过英雄主义行为的训练，但这并不意味着他们在所有情况下都能表现出英勇行为，他们可能会在危机中犹豫或失去勇气。 由于个体差异、 不确定情境、受训经历、心理情绪多种因素的影响，很难预测谁会在危机中英勇行动。故选B。
28．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“Why some men rise to the occasion — and others don’t — has been a bit tricky to explain. Psychologists have explored this question through biological and personality psychology.(为什么有些男人能应付得了，而有些人却不能，这一点很难解释。心理学家通过生物心理学和人格心理学探索了这个问题)”可知，文章主要讲心理学家通过生物心理学和人格心理学探讨了为什么有人愿意冒着生命危险去救助他人这个问题。故选D。
（2024·四川绵阳·三模）According to most people, after a long period of studying or working, we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves. However, that may not be the case. According to a recent report, you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back a task when you’re feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people’s beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they’ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on.” Said Prof. Veronika Job.
The researchers designed four experiments to test students’ beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation.
Mr. Job said. “The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting. A belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”
The findings could help people who are battling temptation. Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically based process as much as we used think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.
29．The underlined word “restore” in Paragraph 2 probably means______.
A．to make something return to its previous situation or condition
B．to put things in a certain place.
C．to give back to someone something that was lost or taken from them
D．to repair an old building, piece of furniture, or painting and so on.
30．Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams
A．Push themselves even if they want to take a break.
B．Tell themselves that willpower is not limited.
C．Don’t eat fast food while studying.
D．Stay in a comfortable and quiet place.
31．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Willpower doesn’t last long.
B．How to build strong willpower.
C．The great influence of willpower.
D．A new theory about willpower.
32．According to the article, which one is correct
A．In the experiments, the ones who believe in limited willpower performed better.
B．In the experiments, the ones who believe in unlimited willpower performed better.
C．Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food less than the ones believed in unlimited willpower.
D．Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food as many as the ones believed in unlimited willpower.
【答案】29．A 30．B 31．D 32．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章挑战了意志力资源有限的传统理论，指出人们的信念影响其意志力表现，相信意志力不受限制的人在任务中表现更好，这一发现对帮助人们抵抗诱惑有重要意义。
29．词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back a task when you’re feeling better. They argued that the only way to restorewillpower was by rest, food or entertainment. (长期以来，科学家们一直认为意志力是一种有限的资源，这就是为什么你觉得需要休息一下，吃点零食，然后在感觉好些的时候再回来工作。他们认为，……意志力的唯一方法是休息、饮食或娱乐。)”可知，科学家们认为唯一恢复意志力的方式是休
息、进食或娱乐，因此restore在这里的意思是“将某物恢复到先前的情况或状态”。故选A。
30．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“A belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges. (相信意志力是一种不受限制的资源，会让人们更有能力应对挑战。) ”可知，研究表明相信意志力不受限制的人表现更好，因此为了学生能够更好地准备考试的最佳选择是告诉他们意志力不受限制。故选B。
31．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段的“According to most people, after a long period of studying or working, we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves. However, that may not be the case. According to a recent report, you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired. (根据大多数人的说法，经过长时间的学习或工作后，我们需要休息一下来恢复精神。然而，情况可能并非如此。根据最近的一份报告，你并不像你想象的那样需要休息才会让你感觉不那么累。)”和第三段的“They found that people’s beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they’ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on.” Said Prof. Veronika Job. (他们发现，人们对意志力的信念决定了他们能够在一项艰难的脑力锻炼中工作多长时间和多好。“如果你认为意志力是一种不易耗尽的东西，那么你可以一直坚持下去。”维罗妮卡·约伯教授说。)”及倒数第二段的“A belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges. (相信意志力是一种不受限制的资源，会让人们更有能力应对挑战。) ”可知，可知，文章讨论了心理学家对意志力限制性资源理论的挑战，并提出了新的观点，即“相信意志力是一种不受限制的资源，会让人们更有能力应对挑战。”，因此文章的最佳标题是“意志力的新理论”。故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段的“After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. (在完成一项累人的任务后，那些相信或被引导相信意志力是一种有限资源的人，在标准的注意力测试中比那些认为意志力是一种更加可控的东西的人表现得更差。)”可知，根据文章，相信意志力不受限制的人在实验中表现更好，相比之下，相信意志力是有限的那些人表现更差。故选B。
（2024·河北邯郸·三模）“Individuals of all ages who have empathy (共情) understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt,” says Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt.
At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who
always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken.
Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation, Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity,” she adds.
Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two.
33．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg
A．They are short-lived. B．They are unidentifiable.
C．They are trouble-making. D．They are common.
34．What message does Dr. Breur deliver in paragraph 2
A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners.
B．We must respond to our family members truthfully.
C．It’s wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent.
D．The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients.
35．What is Dr. Breur’s attitude towards the mother’s practice in paragraph 3
A．Uncaring. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful.
36．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best
B．Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies
C．White Lies Signify Unconditional Love
D．White Lies Are Empathetic People’s Favorable Choice
【答案】33．D 34．A 35．C 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要阐述了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言
往往取决于具体情况。因此，重要的是要问问自己，什么时候说实话是合适的，什么时候不合适，什么时候最好退一步，做出更微妙的回应。要在两者之间找到平衡。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中的““Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial. “A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt. (‘我遇到的大多数人都会说善意的谎言，因为他们明白，一直100%的诚实是无益的。’她解释说，善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害。)”可知，根据芭芭拉·格林伯格的说法，善意的谎言很常见。故选D。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. (与此同时，佛罗里达州的婚姻和家庭治疗师Julia Breur博士强调了关注我们回应他人的重要性。事实是，不说实话会让你感到不愉快；不仅仅是谎言的对象感到不愉快。)”可知，善意的谎言给说谎者和听者都会带来伤害。故选A。
35．推理判断题。根据第三段中的““I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity,” she adds. (Breur说：‘在心理治疗过程中，我和病人强调，情境有助于定义意义。’她补充道：‘所以，当我们看到一位母亲清楚地看到女儿长胖了，却说你看起来很棒时，这是可以接受的。它反映了善意谎言的意图，即善意、保护和无条件的爱。否则，善意的谎言——尤其是为了逃避个人责任而撒的谎言——会引发人与人之间不信任的循环，最终损害诚信。’)”可知，Breur博士对第3段中母亲的做法持支持态度，他认为它反映了善意谎言的意图，即善意、保护和无条件的爱。故选C。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中的“Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two. (因此，重要的是要问问自己，什么时候说实话是合适的，什么时候不合适，什么时候最好退一步，做出更微妙的回应。通常情况下，这是关于在两者之间找到平衡。)”可知，本文主要讲了善意的谎言可以让人们免受不必要的伤害，但有时候，善意的谎言往往取决于具体情况。因此，在说善意的谎言之前要三思。B项“Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies (说谎之前三思)”最能概括本文主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选B。
（2024·浙江温州·二模）Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity
principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.
It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.
It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration is complete exposure to novelty. While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.
So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options.
37．What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more
A．The improved service. B．The advertising cost.
C．The familiarity principle. D．The law of the market.
38．What can be learned from paragraph 2
A．Our preferences affect our decisions.
B．Familiarity tends to generate disrespect.
C．The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword.
D．There can be a mismatch between desires and actions.
39．What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles
A．Disapproving. B．Tolerant. C．Objective. D．Reserved.
40．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Step Out Of Your Familiarity Zone B．Spare A Thought For Your Preference
C．Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone D．Give Priority To The Mere Exposure Effect
【答案】37．C 38．D 39．A 40．C
【导语】
本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了熟悉性原则对我们决策的影响，并提出了一种平衡的观点来看待这个原则，而不是将其视为阻碍，作者建议我们可以通过逐步扩展熟悉区域来利用这一原则来促进创造性和成长。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we've got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.(研究表明，单纯的暴露效应，也被称为熟悉原则，会激发我们的决定。这是一种有益的心理机制，可以帮助我们保持精力充沛，并将注意力集中在其他事情上。习惯新事物需要努力，而且可能会让人筋疲力尽。因此，除非我们有糟糕的经历，否则我们很可能会从我们已经习惯的公司购买股票。这就是为什么公司在广告和营销上花那么多钱，为什么保险公司公开向现有客户收取比新客户更高的费用。)”可知，熟悉原则让保险公司向老客户收取更多费用。故选C。
38．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.(这并不是说我们只想要已知的东西。一些研究表明，当被邀请分享我们的偏好时，我们有时会认为不太熟悉的选择更可取。但当我们按照这种偏好行事时，我们又回到了我们所知道的。这也许可以解释为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配。我们甚至可能回到过去对我们不好的公司，或者保持糟糕的关系。)”可知，本段解释了为什么有时候我们想要的和我们做的并不完全匹配，也就是说有时候我们的欲望和行动可能不匹配。故选D。
39．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.(虽然这在短期内看起来是有效的，但我们最终可能2024年新高考英语三轮复习（全国通用）
专题74 阅读理解议论文三年真题+最新模拟18篇（技法+真题+模拟）
原卷版
目 录
技能专区 1
真题专区 2
模拟专区 4
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、阅读理解议论文细节理解题注意落实“定位原文”和“同义替换”技巧。
二、重视议论文“总分总”结构，特别是首段和段首的独特作用。
三、标题概括题重视三性：概括性、简洁性和新颖性；同时联系首段和关键词。
四、议论文长难句较多增加了理解的难度，落实“括号法”，（从句）（非谓语）
（介词短语）（名词短语）。
五、规范训练目标：做标记，留痕迹；零失误；限时6分钟/每篇。
一线教学专家谈2024英语备考
启发一：加快答题速度。阅读速度过慢，就会挤压后面两篇作文的答题时间。本次考试中，不少考生的读后续写作文第二段来不及写，非常可惜。
启发二：夯实核心词汇。尤其对答题起关键作用的词汇，如杭州二模阅读理解,考生不清楚它们的准确含义，就很容易答错题：23题 C选项中
的newsletter（某组织的内部简讯）；27题 B选项中的vision（眼力；远见卓识）；28题 A选项中的adapted（进化或适应）。
启发三：多阅读话题陌生的文章。话题陌生的文章难度大（比如C篇），在考场上，考生需要“现学现卖”，即学即用，根据上下文处理和整合信息，这时候，他们的背景知识根本起不了作用。
启发四：多阅读话题抽象的文章。这类文章往往涉及哲学、书评、心理学等领域的最新发现，话题抽象，内容虚无，看不见摸不着，容易让考生困惑。
启发五：多熟悉常见题型的解题方法。杭州二模阅读理解还有段落大意、添加标题、猜测词义、举例论证、作者态度、文章出处等经典题型。在平时的阅读训练中，建议对各个题型进行有针对性的专题训练。
启发六：研究五年高考真题。研究高考阅读理解真题有助于学生了解高考的命题规律和特点。高考作为全国性的重要考试，其命题有着一定的规律性和科学性。通过深入研究真题，学生可以更清晰地认识到高考阅读理解的题型、难度、考点以及答题技巧，从而在备考过程中更加有的放矢，提高备考效率。
真题专区：练真题，明方向；练技巧，提能力；练速度，提分数
（2021年全国甲卷）Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or
belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender (性别) are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance (毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club
A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative. C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练技能，补漏洞，提分数，强信心
（2024·浙江杭州·二模）Is forgiveness against our human nature To answer our question, we need to ask a further question: What is the essence of our humanity For the sake of simplicity, people consider two distinctly different views of humanity. The first view involves dominance and power. In an early paper on the psychology of forgiveness, Droll (1984) made the interesting claim that humans’ essential nature is more aggressive than forgiving allows. Those who forgive are against their basic nature, much to their harm. In his opinion, forgivers are
compromising their well-being as they offer mercy to others, who might then take advantage of them.
The second view involves the theme of cooperation, mutual respect, and even love as the basis of who we are as humans. Researchers find that to fully grow as human beings, we need both to receive love from and offer love to others. Without love, our connections with a wide range of individuals in our lives can fall apart. Even common sense strongly suggests that the will to power over others does not make for harmonious interactions. For example, how well has slavery worked as a mode of social harmony
From this second viewpoint of who we are as humans, forgiveness plays a key role in the biological and psychological integrity of both individuals and communities because one of the outcomes of forgiveness, shown through scientific studies, is the decreasing of hatred and the restoration of harmony. Forgiveness can break the cycle of anger. At least to the extent the people from whom you are estranged accept your love and forgiveness and are prepared to make the required adjustments. Forgiveness can heal relationships and reconnect people.
As an important note, when we take a Classical philosophical perspective, that of Aristotle, we see the distinction between potentiality and actuality. We are not necessarily born with the capacity to forgive, but instead with the potential to learn about it and to grow in our ability to forgive. The actuality of forgiving, its actual appropriation in conflict situations, develops with practice.
1．What is Droll’s idea about forgiveness
A．People should offer mercy to others.
B．Aggressive people should learn to forgive.
C．Forgiveness depends on the nature of humanity.
D．People who forgive can have their own welfare affected.
2．What does the example in paragraph 2 illustrate
A．To forgive is to love. B．To dominate is to harm.
C．To fight is to grow. D．To give is to receive.
3．What is the writer’s attitude toward forgiveness
A．Favorable. B．Reserved. C．Objective. D．Skeptical.
4．What is message of the last paragraph
A．Forgiveness is in our nature. B．Forgiveness grows with time.
C．It takes practice to forgive. D．Actuality is based on potentiality.
（2024·广东韶关·二模）Is life a story or a game Answers may vary from one to another. Over the course of life, we find things to love and commit to — a job, a partner or a community. At times, we struggle to learn from our misfortunes to grow in wisdom, kindness and grace.
Will Storr, a writer whose work I admire, says this story version of life is a misunderstanding. In his book The Status Game, he argues that human beings are deeply driven by status. Rather than about being liked or accepted, he writes, it’s about being better than others. “When people are obedient to us, offer respect, admiration or praise, that’s status. It feels good.”
Life is a series of games, he adds. There’s the high school game of competing to be the popular kid. The lawyer game to make partner. The finance game to make the most money. The academic game for fame. The sports game to show that our team is the best. Even when we are trying to do good, Storr claims, we’re playing the “virtue game” to show we are morally superior to others.
I think Storr is in danger of becoming one of those guys who ignore the noble desires of the human heart and the caring element in every friendship and family. The status-mad world that Storr describes is so loveless. In fact, gaming as a way of life is immature. Maturity means rising above the shallow desire — for status — that doesn’t really nourish us. It’s about cultivating the higher desires: the love of truth and learning; the inner pleasure the craftsman gets in his work, which is not about popularity, and the desire for a good and meaningful life that inspires people to practise daily acts of generosity.
How do people gradually learn to cultivate these higher motivations To answer that, I’d have to tell you a story.
5．What lies in the core of Will Storr’s opinion about life
A．The pride in one’s virtue. B．The pursuit of superiority.
C．The desire for acceptance. D．The motivation by wealth.
6．What can be viewed as higher motivations in the text
A．Love and inspiration. B．Maturity and desire.
C．Commitment and kindness. D．Friendship and popularity.
7．What’s the main purpose of the passage
A．To correct an attitude. B．To compare two values.
C．To explain two arguments. D．To criticize a viewpoint.
8．What story do you think the author will tell next
A．A king’s-comeback story. B．A rags-to-riches story.
C．A Yuan Longping-style story. D．An overnight-success story.
（2024·山西临汾·二模）Pullman is a superb writer and Seagull is a brilliant communicator. They had a debate after Seagull posted a question on his social media platform: “When you were trying to create an environment for
learning, what were your best pieces of classical music to listen to ” He received hundreds of suggestions — and one negative reply, from Pullman: “That’s not what classical music is for. Treat it with respect.”
That did it! Everyone — professional musicians, students, teachers — weighed into the argument, and the majority supported Seagull and were criticizing Pullman.
It’s easy to see why people are annoyed. We all want classical music to be as accessible as possible, especially to the young. If some of them are using Bach or Schubert as a tool to help them study, what’s the problem They may also develop an attachment to classical music.
So is Pullman ridiculous and supercilious by objecting to classical music being used as background music At first sight, his idea seems stuffy and extreme. By suggesting that classical music should be “treated with respect” and not used as background music, Pullman seems to be closing classical music of to millions of people.
It’s worth pointing out, however, that he isn’t the first to express concerns about classical music being devalued by becoming too commonplace in today’s technologically shaped world. In Benjamin Britten’s 1964 speech, the composer expressed exactly the same worries as Pullman. Britten suggested, “The true musical experience demands some preparation, some effort, a journey to a special place, saving up for a ticket, some homework perhaps”. In short, it demands as much effort from listeners as from composers and performers.
I don’t agree with such an extreme viewpoint, but I do think it touches on a reality. You will never fully grasp the beauty of classical music if you half-hear it only in the background. That doesn’t necessarily matter. Music can be enjoyed on many levels. What Pullman and Britten are really saying is that, in a drive for “accessibility”, we shouldn’t deny the emotional and intellectual complexity underpinning (构成) much classical music.
9．What did Seagull’s posting result in
A．Great admiration for Seagull.
B．Public criticism of classical music.
C．A discussion about learning environments.
D．An argument over the role of classical music.
10．What does the underlined word “supercilious” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Self-important. B．Open-minded. C．Impatient. D．Considerate.
11．Why is the Benjamin Britten’s 1964 speech mentioned
A．To show his affection for classical music.
B．To introduce young people to classical music.
C．To demonstrate classical music is demanding.
D．To support Pullman’s idea over classical music.
12．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to Pullman’s idea
A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Uninterested.
（2024·山西晋中·二模）Socially, few things are more annoying than someone repeatedly checking their phone in the middle of your conversation with them. Soon enough, you’re having unhappy thoughts, thinking of their way like, I’m boring you; you’re more concerned with whoever’s on that phone than me; you don’t care about me. None of that is necessarily true, but this is: “If someone is engaged in a great conversation, they wouldn’t care about their phones,” says Leslie, a psychologist and researcher at NYU.
Do you sometimes wonder: What should I have said to a rude person like this What if we have to talk to such maddening persons Experts have advice about how to deal with this.
Whether you say something or not, remember that the cell-addict’s annoying habits aren’t about you. “It’s rude, for sure, but sometimes we mistake the behavior for more than what it is,” says Leslie. “It’s possible that they are facing something tough and merely experiencing nervousness or anxiety,” he adds. It’s also possible that their partner is stuck with a flat tyre (轮胎) or their kid is sick in hospital. The point is that you don’t know.
So before you become angry at the cell-addict’s open rudeness, focus instead on building a better conversation than whatever’s going down on Instagram. You might never be able to achieve this, given the power of today’s social media, so if you’re close enough to a person, Leslie advises you to directly ask them: “What’s on that thing that’s so interesting ” Chances are that they will apologise at once and quickly put the phone away. But if the answer is something real, talk about it. Better yet, you can avoid the situation in advance by saying something like, “I’m really interested in catching up properly, so how about we leave our phones in the car ” If they indeed have that flat tyre or sick kid, at least you won’t have to assume that it’s because your stories are boring.
13．Why do people often check their phones according to Leslie
A．They are anxious about something.
B．They are enjoying the conversation.
C．They are bored with the conversation.
D．They are interested in what’s on the phone.
14．What could be a reason for the cell-addicts’ annoying habits according to Leslie
A．They may be nervous or anxious.
B．They are being rude intentionally.
C．They are avoiding the conversation.
D．They are disinterested in social interactions.
15．What is a better way to deal with the rudeness
A．Talking about something real.
B．Asking the other person directly.
C．Avoiding the situation in advance.
D．Asking the other person for explanation.
16．What’s the main idea of the text
A．What is a cell-addict.
B．How to deal with a cell-addict.
C．Why people repeatedly check their phones.
D．When to cut in appropriately during a conversation.
（2024·陕西·二模）Growing up, I felt that I learned some things quickly and other things painfully slowly. Picking up French and Spanish seemed to come naturally, while painting and drawing required a lot of practice. I thought that some people just have a talent for languages; others don’t.
You’ve probably felt the same way—that certain things were easier for you to learn. And so did my research partners. So we set out to identify what makes some people learn faster than others. If we could just distill (提取) these unique characteristics, we thought, we would be able to create better learning environments—and make everyone a fast learner.
In our study, we model data from student performance on groups of tasks that assess the same skill component and that provide follow-up instructions on student errors. Our models estimate the increase in correctness after each practice opportunity. We applied our models to 1.3 million observations across 27 datasets of student interactions with online practice systems in the context of elementary to college courses. In contrast, and much to our surprise, we found students to be astonishingly similar in estimated learning rate. There are no such things as fast and slow learners!
We find that a typical student needs about seven learning opportunities to master a typical knowledge component. They start at different levels of proficiency but, when provided with high-quality practice opportunities, they learn at about the same speed. Yes, they will end in different places-but that’s because they have different starting lines, not because they are quicker or slower to learn.
That means the types of opportunities you get are important. Detailed, timely feedback and hints provide favorable conditions that allow you to consistently make progress, regardless of where you began.
Don’t think you’re alone if learning feels slow and effortful. Do try, try again. You can make as much progress
as everyone else—and so can the young people in your life. Achievement gaps are the result of opportunity gaps, not individual differences in learning speed.
17．What is the author’s previous thought according to the first two paragraphs
A．He can’t learn painting and drawing. B．All people have a talent for languages.
C．People learn things in the same way. D．People have different learning speeds.
18．What did the researchers do in the research
A．Teach elementary courses. B．Criticize students’ mistakes.
C．Apply their models extensively. D．Distinguish the fast and slow learners.
19．How can a student make greater achievements according to the research
A．By using high-quality equipment. B．By doing more efficient practice.
C．By competing with other students. D．By increasing learning speed.
20．What is the best title of the text
A．There Is No Such Things as a Fast Learner B．How We Can Learn Faster than Others
C．There Is No Difference Between Students D．Why Education Is Important to Us
（2024·安徽池州·二模）How do we come to make sense of our daily lives How can we gain a strong grasp of who we really are and how we fit in the world And how can we naturally connect to important ones in our lives “Life stories are one of the prime tools we have for understanding ourselves and the world around us.” says Robyn Fivush, a professor at Emory University.
Humans are natural storytellers. We use stories to understand our present, draw insights from our past, and anticipate the future. Thus, storytelling is basic to our lives. As a form of rich engagement between family members, family storytelling should be valued more. Sharing bedtime stories and talks after school, or walking through an event that left a young child crying—these are all opportunities for parents and children to become closer through warmth, understanding and support. Fivush and her colleagues have underscored the value of storytelling in parenting. The ways parents support children’s emotions and help them retell more vivid, richly detailed stories have lasting impacts on children’s cognitive(认知的)and emotional development.
Children and teenagers learn how to talk about their lives from family stories. An early example is learning how to present a detailed story with a beginning, a middle, and an end—to give it a clear structure. Further, they learn what is appropriate to talk about or avoid and what feelings are appropriate to share over dinner or out with others.
When growing up, we use our life stories to build complex and stable views of ourselves. Through stories about the traditions maintained over the years, we make connections between past successes and failures, our relationships,
and the activities that hold meaning to us to develop our new identities. These identities reflect our roles as family members, community members, co-workers and so on, thus helping us have a more complete view of ourselves.
Having a lasting impact on ourselves and those around us, life stories are filled with meaning, insight, and value. By the way, what’s the story that stands out to you from a recent meal or chat
21．Why does the writer ask three questions in the beginning
A．To explain a general idea.
B．To give background information.
C．To introduce an argument.
D．To report the finding of a study.
22．What does the underlined word “underscored” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Cast doubt on. B．Attached importance to.
C．Shown concern for. D．Thought poorly of.
23．How can life stories help form a complete view of ourselves according to the writer
A．By maintaining social ties.
B．By rebuilding our identities.
C．By connecting our past and future.
D．By learning from family members.
24．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A review on a storybook.
B．An advice letter for social life.
C．A guidebook to parenting.
D．An essay on the value of storytelling.
（2024·重庆·二模）Three young American men were on a crowded train when they encountered a heavily armed terrorist. With little regard for their personal safety, they rushed the terrorist and controlled him. Only some people seem capable of this split-second form of heroism. Why some men rise to the occasion — and others don’t — has been a bit tricky to explain. Psychologists have explored this question through biological and personality psychology.
Of course, heroism and courage can appear in many forms, and men and women risk their reputations, health, and social standing to do what they think is right. When it comes to physically risky bravery, people assume that men will take the lead. There are sound biological reasons for this fixed image. One of the most common fears in
men is that they’ll be outed as a coward (懦夫), and a man who fails to display physical courage will suffer damage to his reputation in a way that a woman will not. Throughout human history, attaining a position of high status or dominance among one’s peers (同龄人) has been the ticket that needs to get punched for men to attract mates and father children.
People tend to have an idea of what heroes are like. When rating the personalities of movie heroes, participants expected them to be more careful and hard-working, open to experience, agreeable, and emotionally stable than the average person. But some studies indicate that people who exhibit heroic behavior score high on personality usually associated with madmen: risk-taking, sensation seeking, coolness under stress, and a tendency to take over in social situations.
The study of the relationship between personality and heroism is at an early stage. Psychologists are still at a loss to predict in advance who will heroically step up when needed. Often, the hero is an otherwise ordinary person who finds himself in extraordinary circumstances. Meanwhile, some individuals trained to behave heroically might hesitate during a crisis. Future disasters will cry out for further acts of true heroism. Hopefully, the right mix of circumstances and personalities enable courage to carry the day.
25．How is the topic introduced in the first paragraph
A．By giving an example. B．By presenting a concept.
C．By making a comparison. D．By drawing a conclusion.
26．What do the underlined words “get punched” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Be bought. B．Be gifted. C．Be obtained. D．Be abandoned.
27．Why is it difficult to predict who will act heroically in a crisis
A．Heroes and ordinary people are always difficult to tell apart.
B．Heroism is a phenomenon influenced by numerous factors.
C．Unknown circumstances play a crucial role in heroic acts.
D．Individual personality is not a reliable indicator of heroism.
28．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．How Are Heroes Trained B．Why Are Heroes Important
C．Who Are the True Heroes D．What Makes a Person Heroic
（2024·四川绵阳·三模）According to most people, after a long period of studying or working, we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves. However, that may not be the case. According to a recent report, you don’t need the break as much as you may think that makes you feel less tired.
Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource, which is why you feel the need to have a rest, have a snack and come back a task when you’re feeling better. They argued that the only way to restore willpower was by rest, food or entertainment.
But psychologists have challenged this theory, saying weak willpower is all in your head. They found that people’s beliefs in willpower determine how long and how well they’ll be able to work on a tough mental exercise. “If you think of willpower as something that is not easily used up, you can go on and on.” Said Prof. Veronika Job.
The researchers designed four experiments to test students’ beliefs in willpower. After a tiring task, those, who believed or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource, performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. They also found that leading up to final exam week, students who believed the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control in resisting temptation.
Mr. Job said. “The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting. A belief in willpower as a non-limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.”
The findings could help people who are battling temptation. Willpower isn’t driven by a biologically based process as much as we used think. The belief in it is what influences your behavior.
29．The underlined word “restore” in Paragraph 2 probably means______.
A．to make something return to its previous situation or condition
B．to put things in a certain place.
C．to give back to someone something that was lost or taken from them
D．to repair an old building, piece of furniture, or painting and so on.
30．Which of the following best helps the students to prepare better for their exams
A．Push themselves even if they want to take a break.
B．Tell themselves that willpower is not limited.
C．Don’t eat fast food while studying.
D．Stay in a comfortable and quiet place.
31．What’s the best title for the passage
A．Willpower doesn’t last long.
B．How to build strong willpower.
C．The great influence of willpower.
D．A new theory about willpower.
32．According to the article, which one is correct
A．In the experiments, the ones who believe in limited willpower performed better.
B．In the experiments, the ones who believe in unlimited willpower performed better.
C．Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food less than the ones believed in unlimited willpower.
D．Leading up to final exam week, students who believed limited willpower ate junk food as many as the ones believed in unlimited willpower.
（2024·河北邯郸·三模）“Individuals of all ages who have empathy (共情) understand that sometimes telling little white lies can protect other people from getting hurt,” says Barbara Greenberg, a clinical psychologist in Connecticut. “Most people that I have come across tell these little white lies because they understand that 100 percent honesty all the time is not beneficial.” A white lie, she explains, spares people from unnecessary hurt.
At the same time, Dr. Julia Breur, a marriage and family therapist in Florida, emphasizes the importance of paying attention to the way we respond to someone. The fact is that not telling the truth can result in something unpleasant on you; it’s not just about the person the white lie is being told to. For example, she says someone who always tells others that “all is good” when it comes to a sick parent in an effort to avoid discussions about how serious their health issue really is, can eventually face stressful experiences. When that parent eventually passes away, the person who always gave an “all is good” response ends up emotionally broken.
Sometimes, telling white lies often depends on the situation, Dr. Breur says. For example, consider a woman who has not seen her mother for several months. The daughter has gained noticeable weight, yet the mother responds by excitedly declaring that she looks great. “I emphasize during psychotherapy sessions with my patients that context helps define meaning,” Dr. Breur says. “So when we look at the context of a mother saying you look great when she clearly sees that her daughter has gained weight, it can be acceptable. It reflects the intention of the white lie which is kindness, protection and unconditional love. Otherwise, white lies — especially when told to avoid personal accountability — can start a cycle of mistrust between people, ultimately compromising integrity,” she adds.
Therefore, it’s important to ask ourselves when it is and isn’t appropriate to deliver the honest truth, and when it’s best to step back and offer a more delicate response. More often than not, it’s about finding a balance between the two.
33．What can be learned about white lies according to Barbara Greenberg
A．They are short-lived. B．They are unidentifiable.
C．They are trouble-making. D．They are common.
34．What message does Dr. Breur deliver in paragraph 2
A．White lies can harm both the liars and the listeners.
B．We must respond to our family members truthfully.
C．It’s wrong to tell white lies to a seriously ill parent.
D．The “all is good” response is effective in dealing with patients.
35．What is Dr. Breur’s attitude towards the mother’s practice in paragraph 3
A．Uncaring. B．Critical. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful.
36．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．East or West, White Lies Are the Best
B．Think Twice Before You Tell White Lies
C．White Lies Signify Unconditional Love
D．White Lies Are Empathetic People’s Favorable Choice
（2024·浙江温州·二模）Studies have shown the mere exposure effect, also referred to as the familiarity principle, inspires our decisions. It is a helpful psychological mechanism that helps us sustain our energy and focus our attention on other things. Getting used to new things takes effort and it can be exhausting. So unless we have a terrible experience, we are likely to buy from companies we’ve got used to. That is why companies spend so much money on advertising and marketing and why insurance companies openly charge existing customers more than new ones.
It’s not the case that we only desire things we already know. Some studies suggest when invited to share our preferences, we sometimes see less familiar options as more desirable. But when acting on that preference, we fall back to what we know. This might explain why sometimes the things we want and the things we do don’t quite match up. We might even return to companies that treated us poorly in the past or stay in bad relationships.
It’s easy to paint the familiarity principle as an enemy or something to battle as if it is something that holds us back from living our dreams. But this attitude might be overwhelming because it tends to encourage us toward big-picture thinking. Where we imagine that change requires a substantial dramatic swing that we don’t feel ready for. Some articles suggest the solution to familiarity frustration is complete exposure to novelty. While this can appear effective in the short run, we may only end up replacing one problem with another. It also risks overwhelm and burnout.
So what if we can work with the familiarity principle instead Familiarity is something we can learn to play with and enjoy. It is a setting for creativity and a pathway to expansion. We can broaden the zone of familiarity bit by bit. If we think of familiarity as something that can expand, we can consider changing the conditions in and
around our lives to make more space for our preferences to take root and grow gently. From here, we will start to make decisions, drawing from an ever-deepening pool of valuable options.
37．What allows insurance companies to charge old customers more
A．The improved service. B．The advertising cost.
C．The familiarity principle. D．The law of the market.
38．What can be learned from paragraph 2
A．Our preferences affect our decisions.
B．Familiarity tends to generate disrespect.
C．The familiarity principle is a double-edged sword.
D．There can be a mismatch between desires and actions.
39．What is the author’s attitude towards the solution in some articles
A．Disapproving. B．Tolerant. C．Objective. D．Reserved.
40．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．Step Out Of Your Familiarity Zone B．Spare A Thought For Your Preference
C．Gently Expand Your Familiarity Zone D．Give Priority To The Mere Exposure Effect
（2024·浙江·二模）The message is drummed into us from childhood: forgive people who’ve wronged you, because it’s the right thing to do. Forgiveness is a virtue, we’re told—the only way for us to truly move on and heal, freed from the baggage of bearing ill will.
However, I’m not buying it. Forgiving someone can indeed be a beautiful thing, but it’s not always what’s best for us. In fact, if someone has hurt you deeply and the relationship isn’t healthy, trying to “fix” things can do more harm than good.
Most of us would probably agree that forgiving a wrongdoer means letting go of negative feelings—like anger and resentment—towards them, as if nothing happened. Actually this isn’t helpful. It pressures us to minimize our feelings and revise our boundaries—to say “it’s OK” when for us, it isn’t. While it’s not a good idea to focus on negative thoughts, recognizing and processing all of that pain is an important part of the healing journey. And when someone doesn’t make us feel seen or safe, forgiving them can actually reduce our self-esteem.
A 2010 research paper published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology found that folks who forgave partners that didn’t make them feel valued had less respect for themselves. Letting minor offences that happen now and again slide can be great for any relationship, but repeatedly forgiving bad behavior can encourage that person to keep hurting you.
At least, that’s what 2011 research by psychology professor James McNulty argues. He found that when a partner was more likely to forgive those acts, the aggressor was more likely to keep committing them. McNulty suggests that this is because facing the consequences of their actions is what motivates people to change their ways, and being offered a clean slate can be a kind of pass to avoid making changes. So forgiving frequent and major offences, like verbal or physical abuse, can do more harm than good.
For me, this speaks to the core tension in the idea. Instead of looking to forgiveness like a magic medicine, we can focus on recognizing what happened and coming to terms with it, however that looks for us and without any sense of obligation towards our offender.
41．What does the author think about the message in paragraph 1
A．It’s reasonable. B．It’s debatable.
C．It’s convincing. D．It’s unquestionable.
42．How does the author develop the text
A．By making comparisons. B．By giving statistics.
C．By quoting researchers’ views. D．By sharing his own experiences.
43．What does the underlined words “a clean slate” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．A repeated offence. B．A magic medicine.
C．A terrible consequence. D．A complete forgiveness.
44．Which can be the best title of the text
A．Forgiving is always a virtue. B．Forgiving can change everything.
C．Forgiving others sometimes depends. D．Forgiving others always seems impossible.
（2024·四川成都·二模）There’s an enormous amount of personal health information people now feed or tap into digital monitors, health apps, search engines and other online tools. If the same information were provided in your doctor’s office, your privacy would be safeguarded. But that’s not how the digitized health world works.
Instead, we have an ecosystem of abuse in which health technology companies operate largely outside the law that requires doctors and other medical personnel, hospitals and insurers to protect an individual’s health information.
That means technology companies can — and do — dig your digital data for clues about your health status, accessing information like prescriptions you have purchased and other health services you might have sought, and potentially link this information to your name, address, email address and other personally identifying information. The data can then be used by platforms including Facebook and Google to help advertisers target promotions or
other communications to you.
It’s a gaping hole in health privacy protections that comes from the privacy law, which protects interactions between patients, medical professionals and insurers but does not, in most cases, protect patient health data that is recorded on new technologies.
Closing the patient privacy gap can- and should -be a priority for lawmakers. The consequences of digital exposure for those seeking reproductive services have drawn significant concern and attention. These worries are reasonable. But reproductive care is only one area of health services where private patient information is digitally disclosed.
Therefore, lawmakers must take action to protect the privacy of people who are now online for all manners of personal, professional and other reasons. Until then, a narrowly targeted approach that protects health privacy may be politically easier to come into effect. The explosion of digital health technology and the dramatic increase in its use in the past few years require it greatly.
45．What can we learn about the present situation of the digitized health world
A．Personal health data is used for other purposes.
B．Personal health information is difficult to identify.
C．Targeted promotions are used to improve people’s health.
D．Medical personnel protect the personal health information well.
46．What’s the author’s attitude towards the present privacy law
A．Approving. B．Critical. C．Cautious. D．Ambiguous.
47．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 6 refer to
A．The spread of health service.
B．People’s privacy.
C．A narrowly targeted approach.
D．The explosion of digital technology.
48．What is the purpose of the text
A．To advocate improvement in the privacy law.
B．To report cases of illegal information exposure.
C．To explain how the digitized health world works.
D．To introduce a debate on the effect of technology.
（2024·四川成都·二模）“Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never harm me,” is an old
saying my fourth-grade teacher once told me. I grew up thinking as long as people didn’t physically hurt each other, hurtful words were to be tolerated, but I changed my mind after reading Linda O’Connell’s story, Two Little Words with a Big Impact. She discussed two words: “and” and “but”, and explained how “but” can be one of the most destructive words.
Then I realized I had been hurt by the word “but”, and that I had wounded others, too, by using the word thoughtlessly. For example, when I was a teacher and edited my students’ stories, I would always say their content was good, but then I would add comments such as “but you need to make your characters more realistic.” I could have said, “Your content is good and making your characters more believable will make it even better.
In setting up guidelines for commenting on writers, I realize we need to praise each other, make helpful remarks, and then praise each other again, without using the word” but. “I remember a college professor who said,” There is no such thing as constructive criticism. Criticism is criticism. She has now passed on, but her words remain with me always.
My fourth-grade teacher’s quote was aimed at what she thought was harmless playground teasing, but even teasing hurts. Today, we can read sad news related to many stories where people have been terribly hurt by ugly words and suffered a lot. Now I realize the importance of thinking before speaking, even to avoid seemingly unimportant words like “but.” Sticks and stones break our bones, but thoughtless words also do harm. They can leave marks for a lifetime.
49．What changed the author’s attitude to hurtful words
A．A teacher’s advice.
B．His personal experience.
C．A college professor’s words.
D．A story by Linda O’Connell.
50．What message does the example in Paragraph 2 convey
A．The author used “but” too often.
B．The author could tolerate criticism.
C．The misuse of “but” can hurt others.
D．Realistic characters are needed in writing.
51．Which words can best describe the author
A．Honest and warm-hearted. B．Devoted and co-operative.
C．Optimistic and open-minded. D．Caring and self-reflective.
52．What is the text mainly about
A．The benefits of learning from mistakes.
B．The long-lasting effect of hurtful words.
C．The importance of using words thoughtfully.
D．The difference between physical and emotional harm.
（2024·浙江·模拟预测）Nowadays, the world is slowly becoming a high-tech society and we are now surrounded by technology. Facebook and Twitter are innovative tools; text messaging is still a somewhat existing phenomenon and even e-mail is only a flashing spot on the screen when compared with our long history of snail mail. Now we adopt these tools to the point of essentialness, and only rarely consider how we are more fundamentally affected by them.
Social media, texting and e-mail all make it much easier to communicate, gather and pass information, but they also present some dangers. By removing any real human engagement, they enable us to develop our abnormal self-love without the risk of disapproval or criticism. To use a theatrical metaphor (隐喻), these new forms of communication provide a stage on which we can each create our own characters, hidden behind a fourth wall of tweets, status updates and texts. This unreal state of unconcern can become addictive as we separate ourselves a safe distance from the cruelty of our fleshly lives, where we are imperfect, powerless and insignificant. In essence, we have been provided not only the means to be more free, but also to become new, to create and project a more perfect self to the world. As we become more reliant on these tools, they become more a part of our daily routine, and so we become more restricted in this fantasy.
So it is that we live in a cold era, where names and faces represent two different levels of closeness, where working relationships occur only through the magic of email and where love can start or end by text message. An environment such as this reduces interpersonal relationships to mere digital exchanges.
Would a celebrity have been so daring to do something dishonorable if he had had to do it in person Doubtful. It seems he might have been lost in a fantasy world that ultimately convinced himself into believing the digital self could obey different rules and regulations, as if he could continually push the limits of what’s acceptable without facing the consequences of “real life.”
53．What can we know about new communication tools
A．Destroying our life totally. B．Posing more dangers than good.
C．Helping us to hide our faults. D．Replacing traditional letters.
54．What is the potential threat caused by the novel communication tools
A．Sheltering us from virtual life. B．Removing face-to-face interaction.
C．Leading to false mental perception. D．Making us rely more on hi-tech media.
55．What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A．Technologies have changed our relationships.
B．The digital world is a recipe for pushing limits.
C．Love can be better conveyed by text message.
D．The digital self need not take responsibility.
56．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．Addiction to the Virtual World B．Cost of Falling into Digital Life
C．Interpersonal Skills on the Net D．The Future of Social Media
（2024·全国·模拟预测）“The Worthington Christian defeated the Westerville North by 2—1 in an Ohio boys’ soccer game on Saturday.” That’s according to a story that appeared last month in The Columbus Dispatch. That lead was written not by a sportswriter, but by an artificial intelligence (AI) tool.
Many news organizations are now examining how AI might be used in their work. But if they begin their “experimenting” with high school sports because they are less momentous than war, peace, climate change and politics, they may miss something crucial. Nothing may be more important to the students who play high school sports, and to their families, neighborhoods, and sometimes, the whole town. That next game is what the students train for, work toward, and dream about. Someday, almost all student athletes will go on to have jobs in front of screens, in office parks, at schools, in hospitals or on construction sites. They may suffer blows and setbacks. But the high school games they played and watched, as well as their hopes and cheers, will stay vivid in their memories.
I have a small idea. If newspapers will no longer send staff reporters to cover high school games, why not hire high school student journalists News organizations can pay students an hourly wage to cover high school games. The young reporters might learn how to be fair to all sides, write vividly, and attract readers. That’s what some celebrities in sports did, and do.
And think of the great writers who were inspired by sports: Hemingway on fishing, Bernard Malamud and Marianne Moore on baseball, Chen Zhongshi on football, and CLR James on cricket, who said, “There can be raw pain and bleeding where so many thousands see the inevitable (不可避免的) ups and downs of only a game.” A good high school writer, unlike a robot, could tell readers not just the score, but the stories of the game.
57．Why is the lead mentioned in the first paragraph
A．To introduce an original idea. B．To show AI’s wide application.
C．To bring in the opinion about AI. D．To stress AI’s importance to news.
58．What does the author think of high school games
A．Hopeful. B．Eye-catching. C．Competitive. D．Far-reaching.
59．What is good sports news like according to the author
A．Rich in contents. B．Fair in comments.
C．Centered on results. D．Targeted on readers.
60．Which can be a suitable title for the text
A．News Organizations Are Abusing AI B．High Schoolers Can Do What AI Can’t
C．Great Writers Are Crazy About Sports D．AI Ruins High School Students’ Memory
（2024·山东济南·一模）Like many people over the past few years, I have found myself turning to audiobooks as my main means of reading literature. I find it far more comfortable to “read with my ears” while my eyes are resting. My consumption of new books has doubled as a result--but a recent paper makes me wonder if this will come at the price of my comprehension.
The study comes from Boaz Keysar and Janet Geipel, both at the University of Chicago, and it draws from the “dual process model” of mental processing. According to this-view, we have two ways of assessing information. System 1 is intuitive (直觉的), relying on natural ability and feeling. It is quick, but likely exposed to misinformation. System 2 is analytical involving the use of logic reasoning. It is mentally demanding. When it is engaged, we think our way through the material step by step. For decades, psychologists have designed various tests to determine which of these two systems a person is using. As one example, consider the/ following question: How many animals of each kind did Moses take on the Ark (方舟) If you answered two, you were probably only considering the core of the question, which is System 1 thinking. To get to the right answer-zero, you need to think more carefully about the wording, which would allow you to remember it was Noah who built the Ark, not Moses. That is the kind of analytical process.
Keysar and Geipel’s brilliant idea was to investigate whether the sensory form-seeing vs. hearing-of the information would make a difference. They found that it did: when answering these kinds of simple questions, participants were more likely to make errors when the sentences were spoken out loud, rather than written.
A greater reliance on our feelings could be a problem if we are consuming information that needs logical study. For this reason. I will return to reading non-fiction with my eyes rather than my ears. But I won’t stop listening to novels. I am quite happy to go with the flow of my emotions while my critical mind takes a break.
61．What does the author think of listening to audiobooks
A．It is economical. B．It is demanding.
C．It is time-consuming. D．It is relaxing.
62．Which of the following best describes System 2 model
A．Fairly reliable. B．Fully automatic.
C．Question-centered. D．Emotion-involved.
63．Why is the Ark mentioned in Paragraph 3
A．To present a fact. B．To illustrate a view.
C．To introduce a topic. D．To draw a conclusion.
64．What does the author intend to tell us
A．Listening to books comes at a price.
B．Reading non-fiction books benefits.
C．Critical thinking is a must in reading.
D．Ways of processing information differ.
（2024·湖北·一模）In an “always on” world, we worry about the burdens that are shouldered by the teens and their peers(同龄人).
Teens tell us about significant stresses that come with trying to be a “good friend” in the age of social media. Friendship requires both public and behind-the-scenes support. Even before a social media post is made public, close friends can be pulled into photo selection, editing, and final checking. Once posts appear, friends are expected to step up and fast. Liking posts is the minimum requirement. A seventeen-year-old told how liking a friend’s post immediately set off a direct message asking her why she hadn’t commented yet. Then she had to comment on it. To many teens, the time between a message being read and commented matters a lot. Replying too quickly can be seen as over-eager, especially when the friendship is new or not close. But when it’s a close friend, too long a lag(间隔) can be hurtful. One teen told us, “If I don’t stay connected on the line, the friendship will fall apart.”
Teens also bear the burden of bearing constant witness to peers’ mental health struggles on public display. Certainly, the “wonderful” quality of social media posts—everyone is apparently living their best life—can be hard for some teens. But there’s a kind of emotional impact that comes as teens see peers’ cutest pictures dotted with cries for help.
The qualities that make or break friendships are actually the same as they’ve always been: mutual(相互的) sharing of joys and sorrows, a give and take of support, and an ability to weather and resolve conflicts. But technologies have transformed how friendships play out. Social media increases the burdens that come along with being a good friend. Too often, these dynamics hit teens hard in ways that are lost on adults. We need that to change.
65．What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The requirement that is to be satisfied.
B．The friendship that is too difficult to keep.
C．The stresses that teens have to be “friendly” online.
D．The burdens that adults put on the teens and peers.
66．What is not recommended for teens when the friendship is new
A．Responding to a message too swiftly.
B．Replying to a message with a suitable lag.
C．Liking a friend’s post properly.
D．Giving comments after liking the post.
67．What results in teens’ emotional impact in the pictures online
A．Peers’ comments on you. B．Peers’ attitude to you.
C．Peers’ admiration for you. D．Peers’ cries for help.
68．What needs to be changed according to the author
A．A give and take of timely support.
B．Social media causing teens’ burden.
C．Mutual sharing of joys and sorrows.
D．An ability to bear and solve conflicts.
（2024·全国·模拟预测）Nobody likes to feel negative emotions: Anger, jealousy and regret can all be overwhelming. In fact, we dislike feeling negative emotions so much that some of us will do anything to avoid them, from adopting a sense of denial to turning to food or work as a distraction.
Deep down we know that we can’t be joyful all the time, so why do we have such a problem with the less-than-favorable feelings It’s natural for people to avoid or suppress negative emotions. We are biologically programmed above all else to survive, to keep ourselves safe; therefore, anything that our brain perceives as something out of our comfort zone, something that might harm us in any way is usually avoided. This is the default in-built programming we have inherited from our ancestors.
However, when we do, things don’t always work out well for us. “When we bury our emotions, they inevitably end up reappearing elsewhere further down the line,” says Dr. Elena Touroni, a consultant psychologist of The Chelsea Psychology Clinic. “Burying them in this way can cause a whole host of different issues and symptoms such as headaches and anxiety.”
Not only can burying our less-desirable emotions impact our well-being, but it also prevents us from enjoying the well-being rewards coming along with these emotions. Actually, it’s a sign of emotional well-being to be able to acknowledge and stay with the uncomfortable feelings instead of pushing them away or denying them. Negative emotions can be wonderful signposts if we pay attention to them. For example, a feeling of dread, uncertainty or fear in any working environment might be a great sign that you need to start to consider changing that environment.
Our emotions are a big part of being human and they serve an important function—even the difficult ones. As Elena says: “Without negative emotions, we would struggle to know our boundaries, how to keep ourselves safe, what hurts us or makes us happy. They can guide us toward making decisions that serve us in the long term.”
69．What is Paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A．The features of negative emotions. B．The definition of negative emotions.
C．The causes of avoiding negative emotions. D．The methods of avoiding negative emotions.
70．What does Dr. Elena Touroni suggest
A．Keeping a positive attitude. B．Ignoring the negative emotion.
C．Taking care of the physical condition. D．Acknowledging the uncomfortable feelings.
71．Why is the working environment mentioned in Paragraph 4
A．To explain function of negative emotions.
B．To stress the benefits of negative emotions.
C．To prove the powerful influence of negative emotions.
D．To remind that negative emotions can change your job.
72．What can be the best title for the passage
A．The Good Side of Negative Emotions B．The Reasons for Negativity
C．The Influence of Negative Emotions D．The Ways to Embrace Negative Emotions