2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 模拟训练（含答案解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语 二轮复习 阅读理解 模拟训练（含答案解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-30 13:50:25 | ||
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Passage 1
1How long do Indians spend reading in a day
A.Less than 70 minutes. B.About 80 minutes.
C.About 100 minutes. D.More than 90 minutes.
2How many Chinese people were willing to spend money on knowledge in 2021
A.More than 477 million. B.More than 463.52 million.
C.More than 570 million. D.More than 530 million.
3Who is most likely to be a digital reader in China
A.A male clerk aged 35. B.A middle school student.
C.A female retired engineer. D.A female professor aged 50.
Passage 2
We live in an age when all scientific knowledge—from the safety of vaccines to the reality of climate change—faces organized and often angry opposition. Doubters have declared war on the consensus(共识) of experts. It seems that people have turned argumentative overnight.
In a sense, all this is not surprising. Our lives are affected by science and technology as never before. The world seems full of real and imaginary dangers. Though scientists agree that the Ebola virus is spread only by direct contact with blood or body fluids(液体), if you type "airborne Ebola" into an Internet search engine, you’ll find that some people believe that this virus has almost supernatural power.
In this often confusing world, we need to rely on science to decide whether what we choose to believe has a basis in the laws of nature or not. But science doesn’t come naturally to most of us. Science has often led us to truths that are really mind-blowing. For example, although the roundness of the Earth has been known for thousands of years, some still feel it hard to accept.
Even when people become scientifically educated, most of them still try to make sense of the world by relying on personal experience, stories or emotions rather than statistics. When they hear a number of cancer cases in a town with a dangerous waste dump(垃圾场), they believe pollution caused the cancers. Yet two things happening together doesn’t mean one causes the other. Even when they turn to the Internet, they let in only the information they agree with to strengthen their belief that has already been shaped by their worldview.
How can scientists convince doubters Throwing more facts to people may not be enough.More efforts are supposed to be made.
1What’s the text mainly about
A.How people view the world.
B.What challenges science faces.
C.Whether science is worth respect.
D.Why people show disbelief in science.
2What does the underlined word "mind-blowing" probably mean
A.Unbelievable. B.Desirable.
C.Dangerous. D.Obvious.
3How do "people" in paragraph 4 understand the world
A.They apply logical thinking.
B.They stick to their own belief.
C.They form the views on assumptions.
D.They rely on the information on the Internet.
4How does the author prove his opinions
A.Through comparison. B.Through quotation.
C.By giving examples. D.By making definitions.
Passage 3
For one overseas student who has been in China for over a decade, learning the moves and culture associated with Chinese martial arts(武术) has been his most valuable experience.
Hima Oumarou Souleymane, a Nigerien student at Hebei University in Baoding, Hebei Province, first came to the university in 2012 as an undergraduate, not only for an education, but also to achieve his dream of learning the Chinese kung fu. He became a fan of kung fu after watching movies starring famous martial artists such as Jackie Chan and Jet Li.
During his studies in Baoding, Hima joined the university’s martial arts association and studied under Duan Shuxing, one of the association’s instructors. Following Duan’s instructions, Hima began to practice basic moves in 2015, including Eight Extremities Fist, or bajiquan, as well as the associated art of tai chi.
"Learning martial arts has not been easy because I was not young when I started," the 36-year-old said, adding that he was forced to overcome difficulties and make more of an effort to learn more advanced moves.
As far as his instructor is concerned, Hima is hardworking and energetic. "He always trains hard and has made great progress in the past seven years," Duan said.
So far, Hima has mastered multiple boxing techniques and known how to use many traditional Chinese weapons.
Apart from the skills he’s learned, martial arts have brought him more. He has made many Chinese friends through learning kung fu and has been to many places around China to participate in competitions.
Hima is now a doctoral student and is expected to graduate this year. In the future, he plans to open a kung fu center in Niger after he graduates, and to become an instructor and teach youngsters martial arts. He thinks that will also help him better understand the spirit of martial arts, and also become a cultural communicator between China and Niger.
1What can we learn about Hima from paragraph 1 and paragraph 2
A.He went abroad to realize his dream over ten years ago.
B.He came to China only to learn Chinese martial arts.
C.He had a terrible experience travelling around China.
D.He had a passion for kung fu after becoming an actor.
2Why is learning martial arts challenging to Hima
A.He didn’t set out to practice martial arts at an early age.
B.He took a negative attitude toward learning martial arts.
C.He encountered an extremely impatient instructor.
D.He had to deal with too much schoolwork every day.
3What will Hima probably do after graduation
A.He will compete in more competitions in China.
B.He will become an artist starring in action movies.
C.He will travel in China together with his friends.
D.He will instruct children in martial arts in Niger.
4Which words can best describe Hima
A.Energetic and humorous.
B.Determined and hardworking.
C.Generous and talented.
D.Selfless and positive.
Passage 4
The topic "slash youth", referring to those refusing to be defined or bound by just one personal identity and choosing to undertake multiple careers, has fueled heated debate on social media. On Douban, a Chinese social networking platform, the topic has attracted about 11,000 posts and has been viewed over 400 million times. China’s young people are keen to share their "slash youth" stories online, presenting themselves as multiple and sometimes distinct identities, such as a nurse and model, a teacher and stand-up comedian, and an engineer and musician.
Xing Eryang, a 31-year-old female resident in Beijing, founded the Douban topic in 2021. While staying diligent about her daytime work, she is developing her hobbies, including stand-up comedy and vlogging, into secondary careers during her spare time. And she is amazed to find her "slash life" philosophy followed by so many of her peers.
Weiheng, a 26-year-old woman in Guangzhou, and Tang Yuhan, a 27-year-old man in Xuancheng City, Anhui Province, are both participants in the topic, with their stories earning thousands of likes so far. The two are both musicians in their spare time, even though they are thousands of miles apart and have different jobs in media and finance. Their passion for music has grown since college and they didn't abandon their enthusiasm, even after entering the workplace.
Their reaction showed the gap between the young and former generations. "My parents used to say,‘Music cannot earn you money’, so the band thing was regarded as a waste of time. However, we want to pursue whatever we love and are willing to pay for it," says Weiheng.
"The ‘slash life’ mania(狂热) shows that, along with China’s economic development, our society is becoming more and more diversified and inclusive, and it welcomes everyone’s self-fulfillment," says Shi Yanrong, an associate researcher from Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences. "Young people no longer have to rely on work and money for their sense of self-worth. They tend to practice a carpe diem(活在当下) philosophy and create their own identities."
1What are "slash youth" more likely to do
A.Create a topic on Douban. B.Take diverse occupations.
C.Become a stand-up comedian. D.Share their own stories online.
2Which of the following amazes Xing Eryang
A.Other young people's positive response. B.Hobbies developed while working.
C.The growing social networking platform. D.Thousands of likes earned on Douban.
3What did Weiheng and Tang Yuhan do to pursue their musical career
A.They sent their stories online to gain more funds.
B.They shared similar interests in both their hobbies and jobs.
C.They never lost passion for music even if they had to quit college.
D.They stuck with their dream despite the older generation’s opinion.
4According to Shi Yanrong, what is our society’s attitude to the "slash life"
A.Doubtful. B.Supportive.
C.Unfavorable. D.Indifferent.
Passage 5
From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, "was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family."
Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family’s five-year stay in Corfu. He is the 10-year-old Gerry in the book—curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, lovestruck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever-calm, loving mother.
Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so attractive, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you’ll be laughing as Larry’s clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil-yellow cottage, and the next minute you’ll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: "Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained."
My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.
As a real delight to read, it's the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
1Which word best describes Durrell’s life in Corfu
A.Risky. B.Busy.
C.Tough. D.Diverse.
2What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2
A.I introduced my family by mistake. B.I shouldn’t have introduced my family.
C.I couldn’t help introducing my family. D.I gave wrong information about my family.
3What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about
A.The book’s writing feature. B.Durrell’s rich imagination.
C.Some interesting plots of the book. D.Some vivid descriptions of the island.
4What is the purpose of this text
A.To share an experience. B.To recommend a book.
C.To introduce a writing style. D.To describe an unusual place.
Passage 6
In a study in the journal Science, researchers at Northwestern University in Illinois reported that they had developed an effective and inexpensive method for breaking down chemicals called per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
PFAS, first created in the 1930s, are chemical compounds(化合物). They are used to make a wide range of everyday products, including nonstick pans, carpeting, electronics, and fast-food wrappers. Once the chemicals are in the environment, they are almost impossible to eliminate because they are designed to avoid breaking down. Researchers have linked regular levels of exposure to these chemicals with several health problems, including liver damage, an increased risk of cancer, and reduced immunity.
Scientists had previously figured out how to remove PFAS from polluted water or soil but there was no safe and effective way to destroy them once they were removed. The study reported that when the team boiled PFAS molecules(分子) with two common substances, the PFAS quickly broke down and became harmless.
In 2020, William Dichtel, a chemist and professor at Northwestern, read a study in which chemists at the University of Alberta, in Canada, found an easy way to break down chains of molecules. He asked a graduate student, Brittany Trang, to try the method on PFAS molecules.
Trang had spent months in the lab unsuccessfully attempting to pull apart PFAS, and at first she thought Dichtel’s idea was too simple to work. But she tried it, boiling PFAS with a common solvent(溶剂) called dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Trang was shocked when the process destroyed the PFAS. She later mixed
DMSO with a chemical called sodium hydroxide and broke down PFAS even more quickly.
The scientists will work on ways to destroy PFAS outside the lab so large amounts of forever chemicals can be broken down at once. "It’s a huge challenge, but it’s in our grasp," Dichtel told The New York Times. Scientists are also calling for a decrease in the amount of PFAS being released into the natural world. In June, the US government announced new plans to monitor PFAS, decrease the amount of PFAS released into the environment, and address the effects of PFAS on human health.
1What does the underlined word "eliminate" probably mean in paragraph 2
A.Identify. B.Destroy. C.Appear. D.Release.
2How did William Dichtel find the way to break down chains of molecules
A.He got information from a study of others.
B.He conducted the experiments on his own.
C.His graduate student, Brittany Trang, told him.
D.Chemists at the University of Alberta told him.
3What can we learn about Brittany Trang’s experiment
A.She tried the method from Dichtel but didn't succeed at first.
B.She pulled apart PFAS with her own idea at her first attempt.
C.She developed a more effective method to break down PFAS.
D.She thought Dichtel’s idea was too simple, so she didn't try it.
4What do scientists advocate the public doing
A.Addressing the effects of PFAS on human health and environment.
B.Reducing the amount of PFAS being released into the environment.
C.Finding more effective ways to destroy PFAS in and outside the lab.
D.Stopping the use of PFAS in everyday life to avoid health problems.
1.【解析】 本文主要介绍了上海图书馆发布的一份关于阅读情况的报告的相关内容,包括中国和其他国家的读书情况对比、数字阅读在中国的发展情况等。
1.D 理解具体信息(数字计算) 根据Reading time per week in different countries部分中的"India...10 hours and 42 minutes"可知,印度人每周的读书时间为10小时42分钟,即642分钟,因此印度人每天的读书时间为90多分钟。故选D项。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据表格左下方的"According to a report, the number of paying users for knowledge in China exceeded 477 million in 2021"可知,2021年中国知识付费用户规模已超4.77亿。故选A项。
3.A 理解具体信息 根据Digital readers in China部分中的"Most of these readers are aged between 19 and 45"和"Males account for 55.87 percent and females 44.13 percent"可知,在中国年龄在19到45之间的男性更可能成为数字阅读者。故选A项。
2.【解析】 我们生活在这样一个时代:从疫苗的安全到气候变化的实际情况,所有的科学知识面临有组织的且时常愤怒的反对。在某种意义上,所有这一切都不令人感到奇怪,我们的生活前所未有地受到科学和技术的影响。但是即便已经有科学证实的事实,人们还是会依赖个
人经验。科学家该如何说服怀疑者 摆出更多的事实恐怕还不够。
1.D 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了人们不相信科学的原因:我们的生活前所未有地受到科学和技术的影响、某些人的迷信观念、依赖个人经验等。
2.A 理解词汇 根据第三段的尾句"For example, although...it hard to accept"可知,几千年来,尽管地球是圆的这一说法已经众所周知,但仍有人觉得难以接受。由此可知,科学发现的真理往往是让人难以置信的,故画线词的意思与A项最为接近,故A项正确。
3.B 推断 明题意:本题问"第四段中的‘人们’是如何理解世界的 "→寻线索:根据第四段第一句的内容可知,即使人们接受了科学教育,他们中的大多数人仍然试图依靠个人经验、故事或情感来理解世界,而不是统计数据→定答案:由此可以推知,他们坚持自己的看法,故B项正确。
4.C 推断(写作手法) 通读第二段可知,该段通过举例说明埃博拉病毒的传播途径受到人们质疑,说明事实也会受到一些人的质疑;通读第四段可知,该段通过举例介绍小镇上有一些癌症病例时,人们会认为是垃圾场的污染导致了癌症,说明人们往往依赖个人经验或个人情感理解世界,而不是统计数据。由此可知,作者通过举例论证其观点。
【二次精读】
核心单词:strengthen v. 加强;增强;巩固
核心短语:in a sense 从某种意义上说 make sense of 理解;弄懂
词缀变形:opposition n. 反对,反抗→oppose v. 反抗;抵制;阻挠 argumentative adj. 好争论的,爱辩论的→argument n. 争论,争吵;论据,理由→argue v. 争论,争吵;论证 imaginary adj. 想象中的,虚构的;幻想中的→imagine v. 想象,设想;料想 confusing adj. 难以理解的,不清楚的→confused adj. 迷惑的,糊涂的;难懂的→confuse v. 使糊涂,使迷惑
难句分析:Though scientists agree {that the Ebola virus is spread only by direct contact with blood or body
Though 引导的让步状语从句,其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句
fluids(液体) }, if you type "airborne Ebola" into an Internet search engine, you’ll find that some people believe
if引导的条件状语从句 that引导的宾语从句,其
(that this virus has almost supernatural power).
中包含一个that引导的宾语从句
译文:虽然科学家们认为埃博拉病毒只能通过直接接触血液或体液传播,但如果你在互联网搜索引擎中输入"通过空气传播的埃博拉",你会发现有些人相信这种病毒几乎具有超自然的力量。
3.【解析】 本文主要讲述了河北大学尼日尔籍留学生Hima Oumarou Souleymane来中国追逐自己的武术梦想的故事。
1.A 推断 根据第一段中的"For one overseas student who has been in China for over a decade...Chinese martial arts(武术)"和第二段中的"Hima Oumarou Souleymane, a Nigerien student...in 2012 as an undergraduate, not only for an education, but also to achieve his dream of learning the Chinese kung fu"可知,2012年,尼日尔籍学生Hima Oumarou Souleymane作为一名本科生第一次来到河北大学,不仅是为了接受教育,也是为了实现他学习中国功夫的梦想。由此可知,十多年前,Hima为了实现自己的梦想出国了。故选A。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据第四段中Hima所说的话"Learning martial arts has not been easy because I was not young when I started"可知,对Hima来说,学习武术并不容易,因为他开始学
习的时候已经不年轻了。也就是说,Hima并没有在很小的时候就开始练习武术,所以学习武术对他来说有挑战性。故选A。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据最后一段中的"In the future, he plans to open a kung fu center in Niger after he graduates, and to become an instructor and teach youngsters martial arts"可知,未来,他计划毕业后在尼日尔开设一家功夫中心,并成为一名教练,教授年轻人武术。由此可知,Hima毕业后可能会在尼日尔教孩子们武术,故选D。
4.B 推断(人物特征) 根据第二段中的"Hima Oumarou Souleymane, a Nigerien student...not only for an education, but also to achieve his dream of learning the Chinese kung fu"和第五段中的"As far as his instructor is concerned, Hima is hardworking and energetic"可知,Hima到中国追逐自己的武术梦想,说明他很有决心,而且他很勤奋。故选B。
4.【解析】 "斜杠青年"指的是那些拒绝被一种个人身份所定义或束缚,选择从事多种职业的人。本文主要介绍了中国"斜杠青年"的生活。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"The topic‘slash youth’, referring to those refusing to be defined or bound by just one personal identity and choosing to undertake multiple careers"和"presenting themselves as multiple and sometimes distinct identities, such as a nurse...an engineer and musician"可知,"斜杠青年"指的是那些拒绝被一种个人身份所定义或束缚,选择从事多种职业的人。他们在网上展现自己的多重身份,有时甚至是截然不同的身份,比如护士兼模特,教师兼单口相声演员,工程师兼音乐家。由此可知,"斜杠青年"更可能从事多种职业,故选B。
2.A 推断 根据第二段中的"And she is amazed to find her ‘slash life’ philosophy followed by so many of her peers"可知,Xing Eryang惊讶地发现,她的"斜杠生活"的生活信条被如此多的同龄人所遵循。由此可推知,其他年轻人对"斜杠生活"的反应是积极的。那么令Xing Eryang感到惊讶的就是其他年轻人对"斜杠生活"的积极反应。故选A。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据第四段中的内容可知,他们的反应表明了年轻一代和上一代之间的差距。Weiheng的父母认为音乐赚不到钱,所以乐队活动被认为是浪费时间。然而,他们想追求他们所热爱的音乐,愿意为此付出代价。由此可知,他们不顾老一辈人的意见坚持自己的梦想。故选D。
4.B 理解观点、态度 根据最后一段中天津社会科学院副研究员师艳荣所说的话"The ‘slash life’ mania(狂热) shows that, along with China’s economic development, our society is becoming more and more diversified and inclusive, and it welcomes everyone’s self-fulfillment"可知,她认为,"斜杠生活"热表明,随着中
国经济的发展,我们的社会正变得越来越多元和包容,它欢迎每个人的自我实现。由此可推知,根据师艳荣所说,我们社会对"斜杠生活"的态度是支持的,故选B。
5.【解析】本文主要向读者推荐了英国作家Gerald Durrell的作品《我的家人和其他动物》,并介绍了其内容、写作风格等。
1.D 推断 明题意:本题问"以下哪个词最好地描述了Durrell在科孚岛的生活 "→寻线索:根据第一段中的"From cottages surrounded ...filled with wildlife"可知,书中记录了被花园包围的小屋、沙滩、充满野生生物的树林深处→定答案:据此可以推断,Durrell在科孚岛的生活丰富多彩,故D项正确。
2.C 理解句意 结合画线句前面的"was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history"可知,Durrell的原计划是记录自然历史,实际情况却是写了家人;根据画线句前面的"Durrell wrote humorously"可知,画线句的意思并非其字面意思。因此,Durrell在前面几页描写家人应是故意而为之,故C项与画线句的意义最为接近。
【干扰项分析】
选项A中的"by mistake"、B中的"shouldn’t have introduced"和D中的"wrong"都指向了描写家人是错误的举动,但这些内容均与原文中的"Durrell wrote humorously"的精神相悖,故可全部排除。
3.A 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据第四段中的"Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book...One minute you’ll be laughing ...the next minute...Durrell describes swimming"和第五段中的"being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language"可知,第四、五段主要讲的是这本书的写作特点,故A项正确。
4.B 理解目的 根据本文内容,尤其是最后一段"As a real delight to read...tough road in life"可知,本文的写作目的在于向读者推荐《我的家人和其他动物》这本书,故B项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词:arresting adj. 引人注意的;很有吸引力的 ambition n. 追求的目标,夙愿,志向 sporty adj. 爱好(或擅长)体育运动的 thread n. 线索;脉络;思绪;思路;贯穿的主线 escapism n. 逃避现实;解脱方法
难句分析:From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family's time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
分析:本句理解的关键在于第一个逗号前面是from A(cottages)to B(days)结构,A、B后面均有过去分词短语作后置定语。in My Family and Other Animals是一个地点状语,English writer Gerald Durrell是主语,provided是谓语,a vivid account是宾语,of和后面的内容修饰名词account。
译文:从被令人印象深刻的花园包围的小屋,到探索沙滩和充满野生生物的树林深处的日子,在《我的家人和其他动物》中,英国作家Gerald Durrell生动地描述了他的家人在20世纪30年代在希腊科孚岛上度过的时光。
6.【解析】 伊利诺伊州西北大学的研究人员说他们已经开发出一种有效且廉价的方法来分解被称为PFAS的化学物质。本文重点介绍了这种分解方法。
1.B 理解词汇 根据画线词后的句子"because they are designed to avoid breaking down"可知,这是因为它们的设计是为了避免分解,据此可知,一旦这些化学物质进入环境,它们几乎不可能被消除。所以画线词的意思是"消除",与destroy意思相近。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据第四段中的"In 2020...chains of molecules"可知,西北大学的化学家兼教授William Dichtel阅读了一项研究,加拿大阿尔伯塔大学的化学家发现了一种分解分子链的简单方法。据此可知,William Dichtel是从别人的研究中得到了信息以此找到分解分子链的方法的。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第五段中的"But she tried it...even more quickly"可知,她尝试用一种叫DMSO的普通溶剂煮沸PFAS,这个过程消除了PFAS;此后她将DMSO与一种叫氢氧化钠的化学物质混合,更快地分解了PFAS。据此可知,Brittany Trang发现了一种更有效的方法来分解PFAS。
4.B 理解具体信息 根据尾段中的"Scientists are also calling...the natural world"可知,科学家倡导公众减少释放到环境中的PFAS的数量。
【二次精读】
核心单词:substance n. 物质,东西;主旨
核心短语:break down (使)分解;出故障;失败 a wide range of 各种各样的 be designed to 目的是;为……而设计 figure out 算出;想出;弄明白
熟词生义: address 常用义:n. 地址 文章义:v. 处理,设法解决
We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution. 我们必须设法解决交通污染问题。
词缀变形:inexpensive adj. 便宜的→expensive adj. 花钱多的,昂贵的 exposure n. 暴露,接触;曝光→expose v. 暴露,使显露;使面临
1How long do Indians spend reading in a day
A.Less than 70 minutes. B.About 80 minutes.
C.About 100 minutes. D.More than 90 minutes.
2How many Chinese people were willing to spend money on knowledge in 2021
A.More than 477 million. B.More than 463.52 million.
C.More than 570 million. D.More than 530 million.
3Who is most likely to be a digital reader in China
A.A male clerk aged 35. B.A middle school student.
C.A female retired engineer. D.A female professor aged 50.
Passage 2
We live in an age when all scientific knowledge—from the safety of vaccines to the reality of climate change—faces organized and often angry opposition. Doubters have declared war on the consensus(共识) of experts. It seems that people have turned argumentative overnight.
In a sense, all this is not surprising. Our lives are affected by science and technology as never before. The world seems full of real and imaginary dangers. Though scientists agree that the Ebola virus is spread only by direct contact with blood or body fluids(液体), if you type "airborne Ebola" into an Internet search engine, you’ll find that some people believe that this virus has almost supernatural power.
In this often confusing world, we need to rely on science to decide whether what we choose to believe has a basis in the laws of nature or not. But science doesn’t come naturally to most of us. Science has often led us to truths that are really mind-blowing. For example, although the roundness of the Earth has been known for thousands of years, some still feel it hard to accept.
Even when people become scientifically educated, most of them still try to make sense of the world by relying on personal experience, stories or emotions rather than statistics. When they hear a number of cancer cases in a town with a dangerous waste dump(垃圾场), they believe pollution caused the cancers. Yet two things happening together doesn’t mean one causes the other. Even when they turn to the Internet, they let in only the information they agree with to strengthen their belief that has already been shaped by their worldview.
How can scientists convince doubters Throwing more facts to people may not be enough.More efforts are supposed to be made.
1What’s the text mainly about
A.How people view the world.
B.What challenges science faces.
C.Whether science is worth respect.
D.Why people show disbelief in science.
2What does the underlined word "mind-blowing" probably mean
A.Unbelievable. B.Desirable.
C.Dangerous. D.Obvious.
3How do "people" in paragraph 4 understand the world
A.They apply logical thinking.
B.They stick to their own belief.
C.They form the views on assumptions.
D.They rely on the information on the Internet.
4How does the author prove his opinions
A.Through comparison. B.Through quotation.
C.By giving examples. D.By making definitions.
Passage 3
For one overseas student who has been in China for over a decade, learning the moves and culture associated with Chinese martial arts(武术) has been his most valuable experience.
Hima Oumarou Souleymane, a Nigerien student at Hebei University in Baoding, Hebei Province, first came to the university in 2012 as an undergraduate, not only for an education, but also to achieve his dream of learning the Chinese kung fu. He became a fan of kung fu after watching movies starring famous martial artists such as Jackie Chan and Jet Li.
During his studies in Baoding, Hima joined the university’s martial arts association and studied under Duan Shuxing, one of the association’s instructors. Following Duan’s instructions, Hima began to practice basic moves in 2015, including Eight Extremities Fist, or bajiquan, as well as the associated art of tai chi.
"Learning martial arts has not been easy because I was not young when I started," the 36-year-old said, adding that he was forced to overcome difficulties and make more of an effort to learn more advanced moves.
As far as his instructor is concerned, Hima is hardworking and energetic. "He always trains hard and has made great progress in the past seven years," Duan said.
So far, Hima has mastered multiple boxing techniques and known how to use many traditional Chinese weapons.
Apart from the skills he’s learned, martial arts have brought him more. He has made many Chinese friends through learning kung fu and has been to many places around China to participate in competitions.
Hima is now a doctoral student and is expected to graduate this year. In the future, he plans to open a kung fu center in Niger after he graduates, and to become an instructor and teach youngsters martial arts. He thinks that will also help him better understand the spirit of martial arts, and also become a cultural communicator between China and Niger.
1What can we learn about Hima from paragraph 1 and paragraph 2
A.He went abroad to realize his dream over ten years ago.
B.He came to China only to learn Chinese martial arts.
C.He had a terrible experience travelling around China.
D.He had a passion for kung fu after becoming an actor.
2Why is learning martial arts challenging to Hima
A.He didn’t set out to practice martial arts at an early age.
B.He took a negative attitude toward learning martial arts.
C.He encountered an extremely impatient instructor.
D.He had to deal with too much schoolwork every day.
3What will Hima probably do after graduation
A.He will compete in more competitions in China.
B.He will become an artist starring in action movies.
C.He will travel in China together with his friends.
D.He will instruct children in martial arts in Niger.
4Which words can best describe Hima
A.Energetic and humorous.
B.Determined and hardworking.
C.Generous and talented.
D.Selfless and positive.
Passage 4
The topic "slash youth", referring to those refusing to be defined or bound by just one personal identity and choosing to undertake multiple careers, has fueled heated debate on social media. On Douban, a Chinese social networking platform, the topic has attracted about 11,000 posts and has been viewed over 400 million times. China’s young people are keen to share their "slash youth" stories online, presenting themselves as multiple and sometimes distinct identities, such as a nurse and model, a teacher and stand-up comedian, and an engineer and musician.
Xing Eryang, a 31-year-old female resident in Beijing, founded the Douban topic in 2021. While staying diligent about her daytime work, she is developing her hobbies, including stand-up comedy and vlogging, into secondary careers during her spare time. And she is amazed to find her "slash life" philosophy followed by so many of her peers.
Weiheng, a 26-year-old woman in Guangzhou, and Tang Yuhan, a 27-year-old man in Xuancheng City, Anhui Province, are both participants in the topic, with their stories earning thousands of likes so far. The two are both musicians in their spare time, even though they are thousands of miles apart and have different jobs in media and finance. Their passion for music has grown since college and they didn't abandon their enthusiasm, even after entering the workplace.
Their reaction showed the gap between the young and former generations. "My parents used to say,‘Music cannot earn you money’, so the band thing was regarded as a waste of time. However, we want to pursue whatever we love and are willing to pay for it," says Weiheng.
"The ‘slash life’ mania(狂热) shows that, along with China’s economic development, our society is becoming more and more diversified and inclusive, and it welcomes everyone’s self-fulfillment," says Shi Yanrong, an associate researcher from Tianjin Academy of Social Sciences. "Young people no longer have to rely on work and money for their sense of self-worth. They tend to practice a carpe diem(活在当下) philosophy and create their own identities."
1What are "slash youth" more likely to do
A.Create a topic on Douban. B.Take diverse occupations.
C.Become a stand-up comedian. D.Share their own stories online.
2Which of the following amazes Xing Eryang
A.Other young people's positive response. B.Hobbies developed while working.
C.The growing social networking platform. D.Thousands of likes earned on Douban.
3What did Weiheng and Tang Yuhan do to pursue their musical career
A.They sent their stories online to gain more funds.
B.They shared similar interests in both their hobbies and jobs.
C.They never lost passion for music even if they had to quit college.
D.They stuck with their dream despite the older generation’s opinion.
4According to Shi Yanrong, what is our society’s attitude to the "slash life"
A.Doubtful. B.Supportive.
C.Unfavorable. D.Indifferent.
Passage 5
From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family’s time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
Come for the arresting descriptions of Corfu landscapes and stay for Durrell’s laugh-out-loud tales of his unusual family. This book, Durrell wrote humorously in the introduction, "was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history, but in the first few pages, I made the mistake of introducing my family."
Durrell, later known for his zoo keeping and the preservation of wildlife, was just a child during his family’s five-year stay in Corfu. He is the 10-year-old Gerry in the book—curious, passionate about animals and a detailed storyteller of his strange family: his imaginative elder brother Larry with his literary ambitions, lovestruck sister Margo, sporty brother Leslie and his ever-calm, loving mother.
Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book so attractive, with every sight, sound and smell of the island brought to life. One minute you’ll be laughing as Larry’s clever literary friends walk down to the daffodil-yellow cottage, and the next minute you’ll be catching your breath as Durrell describes swimming at night in the Ionian Sea: "Lying on my back in the silky water, staring at the sky, only moving my hands and feet slightly, I was looking at the Milky Way stretching like a silk scarf across the sky and wondering how many stars it contained."
My Family and Other Animals is quite difficult to classify, being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language running throughout that sometimes raises it nearly to poetry.
As a real delight to read, it's the perfect literary escapism for any adult or older teenager who is currently walking down a tough road in life.
1Which word best describes Durrell’s life in Corfu
A.Risky. B.Busy.
C.Tough. D.Diverse.
2What does the underlined sentence mean in paragraph 2
A.I introduced my family by mistake. B.I shouldn’t have introduced my family.
C.I couldn’t help introducing my family. D.I gave wrong information about my family.
3What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about
A.The book’s writing feature. B.Durrell’s rich imagination.
C.Some interesting plots of the book. D.Some vivid descriptions of the island.
4What is the purpose of this text
A.To share an experience. B.To recommend a book.
C.To introduce a writing style. D.To describe an unusual place.
Passage 6
In a study in the journal Science, researchers at Northwestern University in Illinois reported that they had developed an effective and inexpensive method for breaking down chemicals called per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS).
PFAS, first created in the 1930s, are chemical compounds(化合物). They are used to make a wide range of everyday products, including nonstick pans, carpeting, electronics, and fast-food wrappers. Once the chemicals are in the environment, they are almost impossible to eliminate because they are designed to avoid breaking down. Researchers have linked regular levels of exposure to these chemicals with several health problems, including liver damage, an increased risk of cancer, and reduced immunity.
Scientists had previously figured out how to remove PFAS from polluted water or soil but there was no safe and effective way to destroy them once they were removed. The study reported that when the team boiled PFAS molecules(分子) with two common substances, the PFAS quickly broke down and became harmless.
In 2020, William Dichtel, a chemist and professor at Northwestern, read a study in which chemists at the University of Alberta, in Canada, found an easy way to break down chains of molecules. He asked a graduate student, Brittany Trang, to try the method on PFAS molecules.
Trang had spent months in the lab unsuccessfully attempting to pull apart PFAS, and at first she thought Dichtel’s idea was too simple to work. But she tried it, boiling PFAS with a common solvent(溶剂) called dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Trang was shocked when the process destroyed the PFAS. She later mixed
DMSO with a chemical called sodium hydroxide and broke down PFAS even more quickly.
The scientists will work on ways to destroy PFAS outside the lab so large amounts of forever chemicals can be broken down at once. "It’s a huge challenge, but it’s in our grasp," Dichtel told The New York Times. Scientists are also calling for a decrease in the amount of PFAS being released into the natural world. In June, the US government announced new plans to monitor PFAS, decrease the amount of PFAS released into the environment, and address the effects of PFAS on human health.
1What does the underlined word "eliminate" probably mean in paragraph 2
A.Identify. B.Destroy. C.Appear. D.Release.
2How did William Dichtel find the way to break down chains of molecules
A.He got information from a study of others.
B.He conducted the experiments on his own.
C.His graduate student, Brittany Trang, told him.
D.Chemists at the University of Alberta told him.
3What can we learn about Brittany Trang’s experiment
A.She tried the method from Dichtel but didn't succeed at first.
B.She pulled apart PFAS with her own idea at her first attempt.
C.She developed a more effective method to break down PFAS.
D.She thought Dichtel’s idea was too simple, so she didn't try it.
4What do scientists advocate the public doing
A.Addressing the effects of PFAS on human health and environment.
B.Reducing the amount of PFAS being released into the environment.
C.Finding more effective ways to destroy PFAS in and outside the lab.
D.Stopping the use of PFAS in everyday life to avoid health problems.
1.【解析】 本文主要介绍了上海图书馆发布的一份关于阅读情况的报告的相关内容,包括中国和其他国家的读书情况对比、数字阅读在中国的发展情况等。
1.D 理解具体信息(数字计算) 根据Reading time per week in different countries部分中的"India...10 hours and 42 minutes"可知,印度人每周的读书时间为10小时42分钟,即642分钟,因此印度人每天的读书时间为90多分钟。故选D项。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据表格左下方的"According to a report, the number of paying users for knowledge in China exceeded 477 million in 2021"可知,2021年中国知识付费用户规模已超4.77亿。故选A项。
3.A 理解具体信息 根据Digital readers in China部分中的"Most of these readers are aged between 19 and 45"和"Males account for 55.87 percent and females 44.13 percent"可知,在中国年龄在19到45之间的男性更可能成为数字阅读者。故选A项。
2.【解析】 我们生活在这样一个时代:从疫苗的安全到气候变化的实际情况,所有的科学知识面临有组织的且时常愤怒的反对。在某种意义上,所有这一切都不令人感到奇怪,我们的生活前所未有地受到科学和技术的影响。但是即便已经有科学证实的事实,人们还是会依赖个
人经验。科学家该如何说服怀疑者 摆出更多的事实恐怕还不够。
1.D 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 通读全文可知,本文主要介绍了人们不相信科学的原因:我们的生活前所未有地受到科学和技术的影响、某些人的迷信观念、依赖个人经验等。
2.A 理解词汇 根据第三段的尾句"For example, although...it hard to accept"可知,几千年来,尽管地球是圆的这一说法已经众所周知,但仍有人觉得难以接受。由此可知,科学发现的真理往往是让人难以置信的,故画线词的意思与A项最为接近,故A项正确。
3.B 推断 明题意:本题问"第四段中的‘人们’是如何理解世界的 "→寻线索:根据第四段第一句的内容可知,即使人们接受了科学教育,他们中的大多数人仍然试图依靠个人经验、故事或情感来理解世界,而不是统计数据→定答案:由此可以推知,他们坚持自己的看法,故B项正确。
4.C 推断(写作手法) 通读第二段可知,该段通过举例说明埃博拉病毒的传播途径受到人们质疑,说明事实也会受到一些人的质疑;通读第四段可知,该段通过举例介绍小镇上有一些癌症病例时,人们会认为是垃圾场的污染导致了癌症,说明人们往往依赖个人经验或个人情感理解世界,而不是统计数据。由此可知,作者通过举例论证其观点。
【二次精读】
核心单词:strengthen v. 加强;增强;巩固
核心短语:in a sense 从某种意义上说 make sense of 理解;弄懂
词缀变形:opposition n. 反对,反抗→oppose v. 反抗;抵制;阻挠 argumentative adj. 好争论的,爱辩论的→argument n. 争论,争吵;论据,理由→argue v. 争论,争吵;论证 imaginary adj. 想象中的,虚构的;幻想中的→imagine v. 想象,设想;料想 confusing adj. 难以理解的,不清楚的→confused adj. 迷惑的,糊涂的;难懂的→confuse v. 使糊涂,使迷惑
难句分析:Though scientists agree {that the Ebola virus is spread only by direct contact with blood or body
Though 引导的让步状语从句,其中包含一个that引导的宾语从句
fluids(液体) }, if you type "airborne Ebola" into an Internet search engine, you’ll find that some people believe
if引导的条件状语从句 that引导的宾语从句,其
(that this virus has almost supernatural power).
中包含一个that引导的宾语从句
译文:虽然科学家们认为埃博拉病毒只能通过直接接触血液或体液传播,但如果你在互联网搜索引擎中输入"通过空气传播的埃博拉",你会发现有些人相信这种病毒几乎具有超自然的力量。
3.【解析】 本文主要讲述了河北大学尼日尔籍留学生Hima Oumarou Souleymane来中国追逐自己的武术梦想的故事。
1.A 推断 根据第一段中的"For one overseas student who has been in China for over a decade...Chinese martial arts(武术)"和第二段中的"Hima Oumarou Souleymane, a Nigerien student...in 2012 as an undergraduate, not only for an education, but also to achieve his dream of learning the Chinese kung fu"可知,2012年,尼日尔籍学生Hima Oumarou Souleymane作为一名本科生第一次来到河北大学,不仅是为了接受教育,也是为了实现他学习中国功夫的梦想。由此可知,十多年前,Hima为了实现自己的梦想出国了。故选A。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据第四段中Hima所说的话"Learning martial arts has not been easy because I was not young when I started"可知,对Hima来说,学习武术并不容易,因为他开始学
习的时候已经不年轻了。也就是说,Hima并没有在很小的时候就开始练习武术,所以学习武术对他来说有挑战性。故选A。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据最后一段中的"In the future, he plans to open a kung fu center in Niger after he graduates, and to become an instructor and teach youngsters martial arts"可知,未来,他计划毕业后在尼日尔开设一家功夫中心,并成为一名教练,教授年轻人武术。由此可知,Hima毕业后可能会在尼日尔教孩子们武术,故选D。
4.B 推断(人物特征) 根据第二段中的"Hima Oumarou Souleymane, a Nigerien student...not only for an education, but also to achieve his dream of learning the Chinese kung fu"和第五段中的"As far as his instructor is concerned, Hima is hardworking and energetic"可知,Hima到中国追逐自己的武术梦想,说明他很有决心,而且他很勤奋。故选B。
4.【解析】 "斜杠青年"指的是那些拒绝被一种个人身份所定义或束缚,选择从事多种职业的人。本文主要介绍了中国"斜杠青年"的生活。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"The topic‘slash youth’, referring to those refusing to be defined or bound by just one personal identity and choosing to undertake multiple careers"和"presenting themselves as multiple and sometimes distinct identities, such as a nurse...an engineer and musician"可知,"斜杠青年"指的是那些拒绝被一种个人身份所定义或束缚,选择从事多种职业的人。他们在网上展现自己的多重身份,有时甚至是截然不同的身份,比如护士兼模特,教师兼单口相声演员,工程师兼音乐家。由此可知,"斜杠青年"更可能从事多种职业,故选B。
2.A 推断 根据第二段中的"And she is amazed to find her ‘slash life’ philosophy followed by so many of her peers"可知,Xing Eryang惊讶地发现,她的"斜杠生活"的生活信条被如此多的同龄人所遵循。由此可推知,其他年轻人对"斜杠生活"的反应是积极的。那么令Xing Eryang感到惊讶的就是其他年轻人对"斜杠生活"的积极反应。故选A。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据第四段中的内容可知,他们的反应表明了年轻一代和上一代之间的差距。Weiheng的父母认为音乐赚不到钱,所以乐队活动被认为是浪费时间。然而,他们想追求他们所热爱的音乐,愿意为此付出代价。由此可知,他们不顾老一辈人的意见坚持自己的梦想。故选D。
4.B 理解观点、态度 根据最后一段中天津社会科学院副研究员师艳荣所说的话"The ‘slash life’ mania(狂热) shows that, along with China’s economic development, our society is becoming more and more diversified and inclusive, and it welcomes everyone’s self-fulfillment"可知,她认为,"斜杠生活"热表明,随着中
国经济的发展,我们的社会正变得越来越多元和包容,它欢迎每个人的自我实现。由此可推知,根据师艳荣所说,我们社会对"斜杠生活"的态度是支持的,故选B。
5.【解析】本文主要向读者推荐了英国作家Gerald Durrell的作品《我的家人和其他动物》,并介绍了其内容、写作风格等。
1.D 推断 明题意:本题问"以下哪个词最好地描述了Durrell在科孚岛的生活 "→寻线索:根据第一段中的"From cottages surrounded ...filled with wildlife"可知,书中记录了被花园包围的小屋、沙滩、充满野生生物的树林深处→定答案:据此可以推断,Durrell在科孚岛的生活丰富多彩,故D项正确。
2.C 理解句意 结合画线句前面的"was intended to be a nostalgic(怀旧的)account of natural history"可知,Durrell的原计划是记录自然历史,实际情况却是写了家人;根据画线句前面的"Durrell wrote humorously"可知,画线句的意思并非其字面意思。因此,Durrell在前面几页描写家人应是故意而为之,故C项与画线句的意义最为接近。
【干扰项分析】
选项A中的"by mistake"、B中的"shouldn’t have introduced"和D中的"wrong"都指向了描写家人是错误的举动,但这些内容均与原文中的"Durrell wrote humorously"的精神相悖,故可全部排除。
3.A 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据第四段中的"Durrell’s attention to detail is what makes the book...One minute you’ll be laughing ...the next minute...Durrell describes swimming"和第五段中的"being one part travel, one part autobiography, one part natural history, and one part comedy, with a thread of descriptive language"可知,第四、五段主要讲的是这本书的写作特点,故A项正确。
4.B 理解目的 根据本文内容,尤其是最后一段"As a real delight to read...tough road in life"可知,本文的写作目的在于向读者推荐《我的家人和其他动物》这本书,故B项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词:arresting adj. 引人注意的;很有吸引力的 ambition n. 追求的目标,夙愿,志向 sporty adj. 爱好(或擅长)体育运动的 thread n. 线索;脉络;思绪;思路;贯穿的主线 escapism n. 逃避现实;解脱方法
难句分析:From cottages surrounded by impressive gardens to days spent exploring sandy beaches and deep woods filled with wildlife, in My Family and Other Animals, English writer Gerald Durrell provided a vivid account of his family's time on the Greek island of Corfu in the 1930s.
分析:本句理解的关键在于第一个逗号前面是from A(cottages)to B(days)结构,A、B后面均有过去分词短语作后置定语。in My Family and Other Animals是一个地点状语,English writer Gerald Durrell是主语,provided是谓语,a vivid account是宾语,of和后面的内容修饰名词account。
译文:从被令人印象深刻的花园包围的小屋,到探索沙滩和充满野生生物的树林深处的日子,在《我的家人和其他动物》中,英国作家Gerald Durrell生动地描述了他的家人在20世纪30年代在希腊科孚岛上度过的时光。
6.【解析】 伊利诺伊州西北大学的研究人员说他们已经开发出一种有效且廉价的方法来分解被称为PFAS的化学物质。本文重点介绍了这种分解方法。
1.B 理解词汇 根据画线词后的句子"because they are designed to avoid breaking down"可知,这是因为它们的设计是为了避免分解,据此可知,一旦这些化学物质进入环境,它们几乎不可能被消除。所以画线词的意思是"消除",与destroy意思相近。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据第四段中的"In 2020...chains of molecules"可知,西北大学的化学家兼教授William Dichtel阅读了一项研究,加拿大阿尔伯塔大学的化学家发现了一种分解分子链的简单方法。据此可知,William Dichtel是从别人的研究中得到了信息以此找到分解分子链的方法的。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第五段中的"But she tried it...even more quickly"可知,她尝试用一种叫DMSO的普通溶剂煮沸PFAS,这个过程消除了PFAS;此后她将DMSO与一种叫氢氧化钠的化学物质混合,更快地分解了PFAS。据此可知,Brittany Trang发现了一种更有效的方法来分解PFAS。
4.B 理解具体信息 根据尾段中的"Scientists are also calling...the natural world"可知,科学家倡导公众减少释放到环境中的PFAS的数量。
【二次精读】
核心单词:substance n. 物质,东西;主旨
核心短语:break down (使)分解;出故障;失败 a wide range of 各种各样的 be designed to 目的是;为……而设计 figure out 算出;想出;弄明白
熟词生义: address 常用义:n. 地址 文章义:v. 处理,设法解决
We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution. 我们必须设法解决交通污染问题。
词缀变形:inexpensive adj. 便宜的→expensive adj. 花钱多的,昂贵的 exposure n. 暴露,接触;曝光→expose v. 暴露,使显露;使面临