2024年中考语法专项复习：形容词学案（含答案）

中考语法专项复习——形容词
一、考点解读
二、形容词的用法及位置
Ⅰ.形容词的定义：形容词是描述人和事物的性质，特征或状态的一种开放性词类。如：clever, kind, helpful, red, sharp, clear,beautiful等。
形容词的用法：形容词用以修饰名词或部分代词，表示人或事物的特征，在句中可做以下成分：
用 法 例 句
做定语成分 She is a beautiful girl.
做表语成分 The book is interesting.
做宾语补足语的成分 We should keep the classroom clean .
【即学即练】请大家快速说说形容词在句中所做的成分，看谁说得又快又准。
①Don’t get close to the big dog. It’s dangerous. ( / )
②You must keep your eyes closed when you do eye exercise.( )
③June 8th is an unusual day.( )
④The tea is very strong.( )
⑤We found the film quite instructive(有教育意义的).( )
⑥I have something interesting to tell you.( )
⑦It’s going to be dry and sunny for the next two days.( )
Ⅱ．通过练习发现形容词的位置
1. 形容词修饰名词时，它的位置_________
(1) It’s too cold here in winter. People have to wear warm clothes.
2. 形容词修饰不定代词，它的位置_________________
(1) ——What was Jim wearing at the party
——Nothing special. He was in his usual shirt and jeans.
(2) Would you like to tell me anything different about your friends.
三、形容词比较级与最高级的构成
Ⅰ.规则变化——分别写出形容词的比较级和最高级(总结变化规则)
原级 比较级 最高级 规则
long
tall
late
large
easy
happy
big
hot
careful
famous
Ⅱ.不规则变化——分别写出形容词的比较级和最高级
原级 比较级 最高级
good
many，much
bad，ill
little
far / /
old / /
总结：（顺口溜）合二为一共三对，坏病两多和两好，
一分为二只两个，一是远来二是老，
还有一词含双义，只记少来不记小。
【即学即练】
练习一：写出形容词的比较级与最高级
练习二：根据翻译补全句子。
　1.Our teacher is _________than us. 我们老师的个子比我们的高。
　2.It is __________today than it was yesterday. 今天的天气比昨天暖和。
3.This picture is __________than that one. 　这张照片比那张照片漂亮。
　4.This meeting is __________than that one. 这次会议比那次会议重要。
　5.The sun is _____________than the moon. 太阳比月亮大得多。
　6.She is ________student _______her class. 　她是班上最好的学生。
　7.Shanghai is one of ________cities ____China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。
　8.This is _________apple I have ever met. 　这是我见到的最大的苹果。
　9.Tom is ________boy in his basketball team.汤姆是他们篮球队中最高的孩子。
四、形容词的几种常见句型：
I. 形容词原级比较的常见句型：as+形容词原级+as “和...一样 ”
not so/as...as “不如...”
1.英语和中文一样有趣。English is _______________ Chinese.
2.这本书和那本书一样新。The book is _____________ that one.
3.大明不如玲玲聪明。_____________________________________
4.这支铅笔不如那支长。_____________________________________
【即学即练】：
1. When we speak to people, we should be as_______ (polite) as possible.
2. This book isn’t so__________(difficulty) as that one.
3. In my opinion, history is as ________(use) as physics.
4. The girl looks as ________(love) as a film star.
5. I think the story is not so__________(interest) as that one.
6. It is as ______(cold)as yesterday, so ______(few) people are sitting in the square.
7. He doesn’t seem as ________ (live) as his brother.
Ⅱ.形容词比较级的常见句型：
1. “ A+...比较级+than+B” 意为 A比B更......
(1) Lily的房间比我的房间大。_______________________
2. 比较级+and+比较级 意为“越来越......”
(2) 越来越重_________________越来越热____________________
3. “The+比较级…，the+比较级…” 意为“越……越……”.
(3) 你吃的越多，你就会越胖。_________ you eat, ___________you will be.
4. the +比较级+of the two/pair…在两者之间表示“最……”
(4) This watch is ______________of the two.这块手表是两个中比较便宜的。
5. …than any other +单数，意为比任何其他的...都......
(5) —Everyone knows Canada is the second largest country in the world.
—That is, it is larger than _______ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. other D. another
【即学即练】：
词汇应用
1. Of the two Australian students, Masha is ______(tall)one. I think you can find her easily.
2. I hope our life will be _____(good and good) in the future.
3. _____ (hard) you work, _____ (good) result you will get.
4. __________(few) children there are in a family, _________(rich) their life will be.
5. Robert is much _________(tall) than ________ student in his class.
翻译句子
1. 这个湖里的水比任何一个湖里的都清澈。_____________________________
2. 北京的天气要比上海的天气冷。_____________________________
3. 语言学习越来越重要。___________________________
4. 我们越细心，我们犯的错误就会越少。
______________we are, _________mistakes we will make.
5. 约翰是两个男孩子中较聪明的一个。John is the_________ of the two boys.
Ⅲ.形容词最高级的常见句型：
1. “A+…the+最高级+in /of …”意为“在某范围内A最……”.
2. “A+…one of the+最高级+名词复数”意为“A是最……的……之一”.
3. “A+…the +序数词+最高级+单数名词+in”意为“在……中A是第几……”
【即学即练】
1. The price of this computer is ________(high) of the three.
2. The Yangzi River is one of _______(long, river) in the world.
3. Hainan is a very large Island. It is the second _______(large) island in china.
4. Eighteen kids died in the school bus accident. It's_________ (serious) one that I have ever heard of.
5.——What do you think of the trip to Yunnan？
——It’s _______(excite) trip I’ve ever had.
6. Of all the students, she looks ________(happy).
7. Your room is ________(big) than theirs. Their room is _______(big) than ours. Our room is _______ (small) of the three.
IV. 易错点提示：
1. 形容词最高级前必须加the，后面多用of……， in……短语表示范围。
2. which或者who引起的特殊疑问句，后面有两个的用比较级，后面有三个的用最高级。
【即学即练】
1. ---Which country has ______ (small) population, Japan, India or China
2. Which do you think tastes ____(good), the chicken or the fish
3. Which is_________(strong), Li Lei or Wu Tong
4. Which language is __________(easy), English, French or Japanese
5. Of the three animals, cat, horse and tiger, which is ________(heavy)
五、形容词的修饰语
1. 修饰形容词原级的词有:very, too, quite, enough, so(如此，这样)等等。
2. 修饰形容词比较级的词有:rather(相当，十分)，much(...得多), even(更), still（还）, far（...得远）, a little (...一点), a lot(...得多), a great deal(...得多)等等。
【即学即练】
1.The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.
A. more B. much more C. much D. more much
2. Many people think the new teaching building should have been built ____.
A. a few high B. a little higher C. a bit high D. few higher
3. I think science is _______ than Japanese.
A. much important B. important C. much more important D. more much important
4.Mrs. Black has got____ instead of getting any better.
A. more bad B. a little worse C. much badly D. a lot of worse
5.—There used to be lots of fish in the lake.
—Yes, but there are very __________ now.
　A. few B. fewer C. little D. less
6. I’m going to be late for work. There are________ buses on this route(线路).
　A. too few B. too little C. too many D. too much
六、综合训练：
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Which film is ______________(interesting) this one or that one ?
2.I think English is one of _______________(important) subjects in middle school.?
3.Ann is a little__________ than Joan, but she is much________.(young, tall)?
4.The Changjiang River is very ________. It's The third___________ river in the world. (long)
5. Spring is coming. The weather is getting ________ and _________.(warm)
6. Tom, Jon and I bought a computer each last week. John’s computer is much ____________ than Tom’s and mine. It is _____________ of the three.(expensive)
7. It is a little __________ today than yesterday. (wet)
8. Mrs. Brown is much __________________ than she was two years ago. (healthy)
9.I feel even _________ than yesterday.(ill)
10. There is ________ water in this cup than in that one.(little)
11. The ________ (much) exercise you take, the _________ (strong) you are.
12. Spring is the _______ time to plant trees. (good)
答案
形容词定义
①定语/表语②宾语补足语③定语④表语⑤宾语补足语⑥定语⑦表语
形容词位置
1. 名词前边 2.不定代词后边
形容词比较级和最高级的构成
Ⅰ.规则变化——分别写出形容词的比较级和最高级(总结变化规则)
原级 比较级 最高级 规则
long longer longest 直接加-er/-est
tall taller tallest
late later latest 以e结尾加-r/-st
large larger largest
easy easier easiest 辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i加-er/-est
happy happier happiest
big bigger bigget 重读闭音节，双写末尾字母加-er/-est
hot hotter hottest
careful more careful most careful 多音节和部分双音节词，在前边加more/most
famous more famous most famous
Ⅱ.不规则变化——分别写出形容词的比较级和最高级
原级 比较级 最高级
good better best
many，much more most
bad，ill worse worst
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
练习一
hot-hotter-hottest famous-more famous-most famous
simple-simpler-simplest delicious-more delicious-most delicious
happy-happier-happiest bad-worse-worst
red-redder-reddest many-more-most
beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful little-less-least
old- older/elder-oldest/eldest old- older/elder-oldest/eldest
练习二
1. taller 2.warmer 3.more beautiful 4.more important 5.bigger 6.the best,in 7.the largest,in
8. the biggest 9.the tallest
形容词原级比较的几种常见句型
1.as interesting as 2.as new as
3.Daming isn’t as clever as Lingling. 4.This pencil isn’t as long as that one.
即学即练1.polite 2.difficult 3.useful 4.lovely 5.interesting 6.cold, fewer 7.lively
形容词比较级的常见句型
1. Lingling’s room is bigger than mine.
2. heavier and heavier, hotter and hotter
3. The more, the fatter
4. the cheaper
5. A
词汇应用
1.the taller 2.better and better 3.The harder, the better 4.The fewer, the richer 5.taller, any other
翻译句子
1.The water in this lake is clearer than that in any other laker.
2.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.
3.Language learning is more and more important.
4.The more careful, the fewer
5.the cleverer
形容词最高级的常见句型
1.the highest 2.the longest rivers 3.largerst 4.the most serious 5.the most exciting 6.the happiest
7.bigger, bigger, the smallest
易错点提示
1.smallest 2.better 3.stronger 4.the easiest 5.the heaviest
形容词的修饰语
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A
综合训练
1.more interesting 2.the most important 3.younger, taller 4.long, longest
5.warmer and warmer6.more expensive, the most expensive 7.wetter 8.healthier
9.worse 10.less 11.more, stronger12.the best