2024年外研版中考英语一轮总复习动词的时态和语态学案（含答案）

动词的时态和语态
时态：
一般现在时：
课例： 他们把东西落在飞机、火车、公交车和出租车上。
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动词形式：am/is/are
do/does
用法：
经常性、习惯性的动作或状态 she often works on weekends
客观事实或真理 The earth goes around the sun
主将从现 I will tell her the news as soon as she comes back.
计划安排好的将来动作 The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
常见标志词：
always/ usually/ sometimes /every...../often/never 等
4.跟踪训练：
If it_______(rain)tomorrow, I will stay at home.
Shandong _______（lie）in the east of China.
Guo Hao_______（get）up at 4 in the morning every day，even in the summer holidays.
一般过去时：
课例：她决定带着她的篮子在公园散步。
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动词形式：was/were
did
用法：
过去发生的动作或状态 He came to see you just now
过去经常性或反复发生的动作 I often walked to school 5years ago
常见标志词：
Yesterday/last..../...ago/then等
4.跟踪训练：
She _______(wear)d clothes and her mouth was nearly toothless.
England started colonies later. After a few fights, they ______(take) control of the land.
Yesterday Mom_____ (give )me some money to buy a dictionary.
一般将来时：
课例：有一天深圳会和香港一样繁华
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1.动词形式：will+do
Am/is /are going to+do
用法：
(1)将来某个时间发生的动作或状态 I am going to stay for a week
(2)计划、打算要做的事 What are you going to do next Sunday
(3)be about to do 即将发生的动作 The train is about to start
3. 常见标志词：
Tomorrow/next..../one day/in+一段时间等
现在进行时：
课例：我正在为一份报告准备笔记
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动词形式：am/is/are+doing
用法：
此刻正在发生的动作Look! A bird is flying in the sky
现阶段一直在进行的动作，此刻不一定在进行
All the students are studying hard this term
现在进行表将来，用于come, go,leave,arrive,start,begin等
The train is leaving in ten minutes.
常见标志词：
Now/today/these days 等
4.跟踪训练：
My mother_______（read） newspaper in her room now.
listen! The birds _______（sing）in the tree.
Daming_______（practice）swimming this month.
过去进行时：
课例：它正坐在树上对着每一个人微笑
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1.动词形式：was/were+doing
2.用法：
过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作
I was watching TV at that time
3.常见标志词：
At that time yesterday/just then/at that moment/at ten last night
4.跟踪训练：
She _______ (read)a book at this time yesterday.
They_______ (watch) TV when the phone rang.
My mom _______(cook), while my father was watching TV.
现在完成时：
课例：他们去过许多有趣的地方
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1.动词形式：have/has+done
2.用法：
(1) 过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
She lost her pen
(2)过去已开始，持续到现在乃至将来的动作
I have worked at this school for 10 years
(3)have/has gone to 去了没回来
Have/has been to 去了回来了
Have/has been in 在某地待多久
They have gone to Beijing
They have been to Beijing twice
They have been in Beijing for 10 years.
3.常见标志词：
Already/yet/just/ever/before/so far/since/for+时间段等/in the past+时间段
4.跟踪训练：
His grandfather _______(die) for ten years/since 2010.
I _______(go) to Beijing three times in the past two months.
Daming _______(practice) singing the song more than 10 times so far.
达标训练：
My father has donated blood many times since we __________(move)here.
listen！Someone_____(sing)in the next room.
It’s said that Zhou Jiaxuan______(take)a shower in the yard at 3 in this morning.
Our P.E teacher said the sun _______(rise)in the east.
Tom_______(do)his homework when his father came into home.
上学期，玲玲的诗获得了一等奖
____________________________________
我们的国家变得越来越强大
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8.在公交车上不得与司机打架，否则你将会受到惩罚
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9.从那时起我爸爸就收集邮票
________________________________
10.他们正在网上查询信息
______________________________________
被动语态：
课例：他们将被公布在学校的网站上
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1.结构：be+done
2.不同时态的被动语态：
时态 被动语态结构
一般现在时 am/is/ are+done
一般过去时 was/were+done
一般将来时 will+be+done； am/is/are+going to+be+done
现在进行时 am/is/are+being+done
现在完成时 have/has+been+done
含有情态动词 情态动词+be+done
3.主动变被动方法
主动语态：We speak English.
被动语态：English is spoken by us.
口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动。
4.特殊情况：
(1) 不用被动语态的动词
不及物动词 如: happen, take place, appear, disappear open/close
连系动词如：be, look, seem, feel, sound, smell, taste, get, turn
Peking Opera sounds beautiful
当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候:
The pen writes very fast.
(2)在感官动词see , watch , hear , notice , feel 及使役动词 have , let , make 等词在 主动省to，被动加to.
He made me wait for a long time
I was made to wait for a long time
5.跟踪训练：
（1）. Don’t worry. All the children ___________ by the nurses.
A. are well taken of B. take good care of
C. are taken good care of D. take good care
（2） As usual, Meihua ________ at 6:30 this morning by her mother to get ready for school.
A. has woken up B. woke up
C. wakes up D. was woken up
(3)The light in the room ____________ before you leave .
A. must turn of B. will turn off
C. are turned D. must be turned off
(4) Tom broke the window. 变被动
____________________________________
(5)My father bought me a new bike. 变被动
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达标训练：
1.Paper _________(use) for ages.（for ages）
2.This car ________(drive) by Sam.
3.This bridge _________（finish）in a month.
4.The baby______ ______（make）___________ (cry) by his sister.
5.This book must ____ ____(return) in time.
6.Will you go to Lisa＇s housewarming party next Sunday
Well, if I _________ (invite), I will go on time
7.The kite______________ (invent) in China more than 2， 000 years ago
8.Our plan to have graduation ceremony __________ ( discuss)the next class meeting.
9.Train tickets _________(sell)online. It is convenient.
10. Last year Huai’an Flyo(高架) ________ (finish). Now it brings much convenience to people
时态答案：
They leave things on planes,on trains, on buses and in taxis.
rains/lies/gets
She decided to go for a walk in the park with her basket
Wore/took/gave
Some day it will become as busy as Hong Kong
I’m preparing some notes for a report
Is reading/are singing/is practicing
It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone
Has been dead/have gone/has practiced
达标：
Moved 2.is singing 3.was taking 4.rises 5.was doing
Lingling’s poem won the first prize last term
Our country is getting stronger and stronger
Don’t fight with the driver on the bus,or you’ll be punished
My father has collected stamps since then
They are searching information on the Internet
语态答案：
跟踪：CDD
The window was broken by Tom
A new bike was bought for me by my father
达标：
has been used 2.is driven 3.will be finished 4.was made /to cry 5 be returned
6.am invited 7.was invented 8.will be discussed 9.are sold 10. was finished