2024年外研版中考英语一轮总复习定语从句学案（无答案）

定语从句
学习目标：
学生能翻译含有定语从句的句子。
学生能正确选择连接定语从句的关系词。
学生能正确写出定语从句谓语动词的形式。
学生能正确判断定语从句的时态。
一、课文原句呈现
我有些去年在澳大利亚拍的照片
他们戴着使苍蝇远离的特殊的帽子
他们拿着的剪刀是用来剪羊毛的
我讨厌遍地的蚂蚁
他们最喜欢的运动是澳式足球。
我骑的那匹马很懒
他是去年赢得摄影比赛的男孩
我们最喜欢的照片是由赵敏拍摄的
二、定义：定语从句就是在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子
结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句
即学即练 找出复合句中先行词、关系词 和定语从句
1.The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.
2.This is the garden that they visited last time
3.This is the park that we visited last year.
4.The photo which we liked best was taken by Zhao Min.
三、关系代词
先行词 主格 宾格 所有格
人 who, that who(m), that whose
物 which, that which, that whose, of which
关系代词作宾语时可以省略。
练习：用关系代词who/which/that填空
The person _______ you talked to on the bus is our headmaster.
The girl _______ is behind the tree is Kate.
3.I am reading an article ______ is about Mo Yan.
4.They are talking about the match _____ they watched yesterday.
6.This is the book _____ my sister bought yeaterday.
7.The boy ____________ is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
8.The e-mail ___________ I received yesterday was from my sister.
9.I hate people ______________ talk much but do little..
（一） 、只用 that 不用 which 的情况
1、当先行词是 everything、anything、nothing（something 除外） 、all、none、little、 some 等代词时，或当先行词受 every、any、等代词修饰时。 例：
There seems to be nothing ______ is impossible to him in the world.
2、当先行词被序数词修饰时 例：
The first place______ I visited in China is the Great Wall.
3、先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 例：
This is the best film _____________________________. 这是我看过的最好的电影
4、当先行词被 the only、the very、the last、the same 等修饰时
This is the very pen ______ I lost. 这正是我丢的那只笔
5、当先行词前面有 who，which 等疑问代词时 例：
Who is the man ___________________________？那位站在门口的男士是谁？
Which is the T-shirt ________ fits me most
6、当先行词是人与动物或人与物时 例：
They talked about the persons and things _______ they remembered at school.
Look at the man and his lovely dog _________ are walking up the street.
7、当先行词为物并为从句的表语时 例：
China is no longer the country _______ it used to be.
8、在 there be 句型中
There are many books_______________________________ 有很多我感兴趣的书
（二） 、只用 which 不用 that 的情况
1、引导非限定性定语从句时
The book, _______ my aunt gave me last week, is very interesting.
2、先行词指物，且引导词前有介词
This is the house in _______ Lu Xun was born.
3、当 those、that 作为先行词时，如果指物就用which, 指人时，只能用 who 引导
Those _______ lost their relatives in the earthquake have cheered up.
练习：用关系代词填空
There is little _______ I can do for you.
Is there anything _______ you want to buy in town
The first English novel ______ I read is Cities.
That’s all______ I know
I’ve never heard of the people and things ________ you talked about just now
四、关系副词
先行词 关系副词： 充当的成分
时间名词 When=at/in/on which 时间状语
地点名词 Where=at/in/on which 地点状语
原因名词 Why/for which 原因状语
练习：
1. This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
2.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
3.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
4.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
5.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
6. I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
五、主谓一致
在定语从句中，如果关系代词作主语，则从句的谓语动词与先行词保持一致。
练习：1)I’m reading a book _____ _____ about Bill Gates.
我正在读一本关于比尔盖茨的书。
2) He is a teacher _____ ______ us Chinese.
他是一名教我们中文的老师。
3)The boys _____ ______ _______ soccer are from Class 1.
正在踢足球的男孩们来自1班。
练习：填空并翻译句子
1.I prefer songs that ______(be)popular.
2.I have a friend who ____(like)listening to classical music.
3. Who is the man that ___ (be)standing there.
4. I like the movies that ____(be)about Chinese history.
5. I like people who ____(help)others when they are in trouble.
六、时态
定语从句的时态不受主句的限制.
1.The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother.
(主句)The woman is my mother. (叙述客观事实 用一般现在时)
(从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday.
(句中yesterday表示过去时间)
2. The person that you talked to on the bus is our headmaster on Tuesday.
(主句)The person is our headmaster. (叙述客观事实 用一般现在时)
(从句) The person that you talked to on the bus on Tuesday.
(句中on Tuesday表示过去时间)
练习：
1. These books you______(lend) me were very useful.
2. A clock is a machine that _____(tell) people the time. ．
3.This is the shirt that I ______(buy) yesterday. ．
4.These are the trees that ___________ (plant)last year.
5.The boy who _______ (sit) in front of me is Tom.
七、达标检测
(一)单选
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
4.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C . which D. that
5.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
6.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
7. I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
8. The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
9. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
10.I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
(二). 用关系代词填空
1．This is the man ______ wants to see you. ．
2．The student _______ answered the question is Zhang Hua.
3．Do you know the reason ______ he was late
4.This is the house __________we lived in last year
5. This is the second book _____ I borrowed from the school library.
6.The house ______ window is open is mine.
(三). 翻译句子
1. My parents live in a house that is more than 100 years old.
2.This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life
3.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.
4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.
5.Here is the pen ___________________________ (你昨天丢失的）.
6.This is the best book____________________ (我读过的）
7.I have lost the pen______________________ （我父亲给我买的）
8.Wheat is a plant_________________________ (中国北方种植的)