2024年外研版中考英语一轮总复习代词学案（无答案）

中考语法专项复习——代词
一．代词的定义： 用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。
大多数的代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
二．代词分类：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、疑问代词、反身代词和不定代词、相互代词等。
考点一、人称代词
数人称 格 单数 复数
主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
第三人称 he she it him her it they them


小测：
用所给词的适当形式填空
（1）I love ________（they）very much.
（2）_______(them) are listening to the radio.
（3）She is________（I）classmate.
（4）Miss Li often looks after（关心）________（she）brother.
2． It 的用法：
例句 用法
Although you like the book , you may only keep it for two weeks. 代替前文提到过的事物
Someone is knowing at the door. Who is it 指代婴儿或身份不明的人。
Is it going to be windy tomorrow How far is it from your home to your school 可用来指除人以外的一切生物和事物，无阴阳性之分。可指时间、距离、度量、价值、自然现象（天气、气体、阴暗等）。
It is necessary to complete the design before National Day. 作形式主语。
She found it very difficult to answer the question. 作形式宾语.
“it is (was)+被强调的部分+who(that)+句子的其它成分” 用在强调结构中
另： it 用于某些句型。如：
It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。
It’s time to do sth. 该做某事了。
It’s + 时间段 + since 从句 . 自从……有一段时间了。
It takes / took sb. some time to do sth. 花了某人多长时间做某事。
小练:
到了睡觉的时间了。
学好英语是非常有必要的。
他离开家乡已经十年了。
乘飞机到海南花了他两个半小时。
我哥哥发现准时上交作业很困难。
考点二、物主代词
形容词性物主代词 放在名词前作定语，相当于形容词；
物主代词
名词性物主代词 相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，，相当于名词。
物主代词形容词性 数 人称 单数 复数
第一人称 my 我的 our 我们的
第二人称 your 你的 your 你们的
第三人称 his 他的，her 她的，its 它的 their 他们的
物主代词名词性 数 人称 单数 复数
第一人称 mine 我的 ours 我们的
第二人称 yours 你的 yours 你们的
第三人称 his 他的，hers 她的，its 它的 theirs 他们的
【物主代词的用法】：
1.形容词性物主代词放在名词前作定语。
2. 名词性物主代词作名词用。本身就相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，因此，后面不可再加名词。可做主语，表语和宾语。
3.“of+名词性物主代词”可以放在名词后作定语，表示强调： He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一个朋友。
小测：
用适当的物主代词填空。
The bird built _______________ （it）nest in the tree.
He bought a pen on ______________(he) way to school.
They are students of No. 1 Middle School. _____________ (they)school is near a beautiful park.
This is not my car. ____________(my) is over there.
A friend of _____________(I) called me yesterday evening.
考点三、反身代词
反身代词的形式：
单数 myself 我自己 yourself 你自己 himself 他自己 herself 她自己 itself 它自己
复数 ourselves 我们自己 yourselves 你们自己 themselves 他们自己
【含有反身代词的短语】（请同学们一定记住）
help yourself to 随便吃…… learn by oneself = teach oneself 自学
enjoy oneself 玩的愉快 by oneself 亲自
小测：
用适当的反身代词填空
Welcome to our party! You can help ______________（you） to some food.
In my dream, I found _____________（I） in a forest.
She is not angry with you.She is angry with _____________(she).
Have a nice trip and enjoy ______________(you), my children!
Polly, the parrot, always calls __________________ (it)a lucky bird.
考点四、指示代词
指示代词
1. this 这； that 那； 指代时间或空间上较近的人或物指代单数名词。
2. these 这些； those 那些；指代时间或空间上较远的人或物 指代复数名词。
3.this、 that、 these、 those 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
●注意：
（1）this、 these 指空间上离说话人较近的人或物，可以与 here 用；
that、 those 指空间上离说话人 较远的人或物，可以与 there 连用。
（2）that 和those 指代上文提到的事，而this和these 指代下文要提到的事。
（3）打电话时，常用this 介绍自己是谁，用that询问对方是谁。
（4）that 和 those 常用来替代已提到过的名词，以避免重复。that 指代不可数名词或特指的可数名词单数，those 指代特指的可数名词复数。
小测：
（ ）1：The population of China is larger than ________of the USA.
A this B that C these D those
（ ）2：The machines made in America are better than _________made in Japan.
A this B that C these D those
（ ）3. __________ pen is red. ________ pencil is green.
　　A. this, that B. These, Those C. That, Those D. This, That
（ ）4. Is _____ a panda over there
　　A. this B. that C. those D. these
（ ）5. ________two boys are Mr. Green's sons.
　　A. This B. These C. That D. those
考点五、不定代词
不定代词从构成上可分为个体不定代词和复合不定代词。个体不定代词主要有：some,any, no, much, many, a little, little, a few, few, all, both,neither, none, either, each, other, another, one, several 等；复合不定代词包括：something, anything, everything,nothing, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, none,somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody 等。
【不定代词易错点辨析】
(1)some和 any 的用法：
some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。
如：Would you like some coffee with sugar (你要加糖的咖啡吗？)
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中，用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)
跟踪练习一：
( ) 1. There is not ___ meat in my bowl. There is ____ chicken in it.
some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some
( ) 2 -Is there ___ tea in that green cup -Yes, there is____.
A. the; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some
( ) 3 Now I have ______ questions. Let's go to ask our teacher. A. any B. much C. some D. a lot
( )4. I don't know_____ of these people, for they are new workers. A. any B. some C. one D. much
（）5 - "Would you like _____ more coffee " (some/any) - "Yes, please."
（2）many和much的用法：
many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在
跟踪练习二：
( ) 1 We should speak English as___ as possible. A. many B. much C. few D. lot
( ) 2 It's going to be a busy day today. I have____ work to do. A. a hard B. a lot C. many D. much
( ) 3 The boy has eaten two bananas already, but he wanted___.
A. a few more B. few more C. a little more D. little more
( ) 4 Do you eat ____ fruit and vegetables A. many B. more C. a lot D. a lot of
(3)few、little、a few、a little的用法：
few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。
跟踪练习三：
( ) 1 I didn't get any letters yesterday, but there were____ this morning.
A. a little B. few C. little D. a few
( ) 2 The film isn't interesting. ___ people like it. A. Few B. A little C. A few D. Little
( ) 3 She can speak ___ English now. A. a little B. a few C. many D. few
( ) 4 Hurry up! There is____ time left. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
( ) 5 Sorry, I can't answer your question. I know____ about the subject.
A. a little B. little C. few D. a few
(4)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anybody，anything, nothing , everybody，everything,等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。
somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。形容词修饰不定代词，形容词要后置。如：
跟踪练习四：
( ) 1. I’m hungry. I want ______ to eat.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
( ) 2. —Do you have ______ to say for yourself
—No, I have ______ to say.
A. something; everything B. nothing; something C. everything; anything D. anything; nothing
( ) 3. Why not ask ______ to help you
A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D. none
( ) 4. Everything ______ ready. We can start now.
A. are B. is C. be D. were
( ) 5. There’s ______ with his eyes. He’s OK.
A. anything wrong B. wrong something C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing
(5)none、no one、nobody的区别：
no one=nobody都表示“没有人”,（表示全面否定，回答由who的提问）仅指人,后面不跟of 短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；
none表示“没有一个人/物”（表示数量的否定，回答how many/how much的提问）,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如：
No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的)
Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。) /
None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。)
— How many birds are there in the tree？ — None.
— Who is in the classroom？ — No one / Nobody.
跟踪练习五：
1. ---Wow! You've got so many clothes.
---But______ of them are in fashion now.
A. all B. both C. neither D. none
2. ---I'd like some more cheese. ---Sorry, there's _____ left.
A. some B. none C. nobody D. no one
3. ---How do you find your new classmates
---Most of them are kind, but _____ is so good to me as Bruce.
A. none B. no one C. every one D. some one
4. Charles are alone at home, with _____ looking after him.
A. someone B. anyone C. none D. no one
(6)all和both的用法：
all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。
both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：
I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / --Would you like this one or that one –Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)
all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如：
All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮)
跟踪练习六:
1._______the answers are correct.
2._______of them are twins.
(7)every和each用法：
every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念(=all)；
each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前
every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。如：
Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) /
They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干)
跟踪练习七：
1. _______ student has an English book. 每个学生都有一本英语书。
2.______ student must study well.每个学生都必须好好学习。
3.There are many shops on ______ side of the street.
(8)either和neither的用法：
either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。
neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：
I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) /
--Will you go there by bus or by car –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。)
跟踪练习八：
1. —Can I park my car here
—Yes, you can park on __________ side of the street.（苏州市）
A. either B. neither C. both D. all
2. We asked John and Henry some easy questions, but ____of them could answer them.（上海市）
A. none B. both C. all D. neither
3. —Which is more useful, biology or chemistry
—I think _____ them are useful.（广州市）
A. either of B. none of C. both of D. all of
4. ______ Lily _______ Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home.
A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Both; and D. Either; or
综合测试：
一、单项填空
( )1.We should learn to get on well with ．
A. other B. others C. the other D. the others
( )2. Would you like some coffee Yes, just ．
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
( )3. of the students passed the exam．They all failed．
A. Neither B. None C. Both D. All
( )4. Let Lin Tao do it by , He is no longer a kid．
A. him B. his C. himself D. he
( )5. —Why don’t we take a little break. —Didn’t we just have
A.it B. that C.one D. this
( )6. leaves the classroom last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
( )7．_____will spend the winter holiday in Hanna Island.
A. He, you and I B. He, I and you C. You, he and I D.I, you and he
( )8. With my parents away from home. I have to cook meals.
A. for me B. for myself C. me D. myself
( )9. —Who’s — is speaking, Mr. Wang.
A. this This B. that That C. that This D. this That
( )10. Lam is often compared to Taiwanese singer Jay Chou because both write own songs and are developing R&B style.
A. their…their B. their…they C. they…their D. they…they
( )11. How Greek do you know I am sorry. I know about it. It’s too difficult.
A. many…few B. much…little C. many…a few D. much…little
( )12. Her brothers and sisters are college students in Shanghai.
A. all B. both C. neither D. either
( )11. —Which of these two bicycles do you like the red one or the black one
—I like of them.
A. some B. either C. all D. any
( )12. ________ people in Shanghai go swimming in freezing weather.
A. Few B. A few C. Little D. A little
( )13. _______ of us is working hard to make our country richer and stronger.
A. Each B. Every C. Everyone D. Every one
( )14. We need color chalk. Have you got
A. some…some B. some…any C. any…any D. any…some
( )15. —Has lost this watch —Yes, but we can’t find out who.
A. anybody B. someone C. one D. some
二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1. There is a letter for____ __ (she) mother.
2. Whose pens are these ____ __ (their) are ___ ___ (we).
3. That is not ____ __ kite. That kite is very small, but ___ ___ is very big.(I)
4. The dress is ____ __. Give it to ___ ___. (she)
5. __ ____ dresses are red.(we) What colour are ___ ___ (you)
6. Shall ____ __ have a look at that classroom That is __ ____ classroom.( we )
7. ______ is my aunt. We often visit __ ____.(she)
8. Professor Wang sets ____ __ a good example. _ _____ must learn from him.(we)
9. The text is easy for you .There are ____ __ (a few;few;little;a little) new words in it.
10.I don’t want __ ____ bananas. will you please give __ ____ apples. (some)
参考答案：
一、1—5 BABCC 6—10 CCDCC 11—15 BAAAA
二、1. her 2. they; ours 3. my; mine 4. hers; her 5. our; yours 6. we; our
7. she; her 8.us;we 9. few 10. any; some