2024年中考英语二轮复习专题：动词时态二（上海专用）
·模块一 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense
·模块二 过去完成时Past Perfect Tense
·模块三 过去将来时Past Future Tense
·模块四 现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Progressive Tense（了解即可）
·模块五 过去完成进行时Past Perfect Progressive Tense（了解即可）
·模块六 将来完成时 Future Perfect Tense（了解即可）
·模块七 用实践检验真知
结构公式：sb. have/ has done
时间状语：already, yet, just, so far, never, ever, since +过去时间点,for +一段时间, in the past/last few years
现在完成时的简单定义：1）过去发生的动作对现在产生一定的影响；2）过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。
比较：(学生版不出现)
I had 10 hamburgers today.（今天“吃”的行为已结束，10为最终结果。）
I have had 10 hamburgers today. （今天到目前为止吃了10个，可能很饱，也可能还不尽兴。）
现在完成时有两个主要用法：
用法 含义 标志词 例句
已完成 动作发生在过去，但后果或影响至今仍然存在. just already，yet Your letter has just been received.
未完成 动作开始在过去，一直持续到现在 for…, since… They have lived here for more than twenty years.
*Hanged, hanged绞死
Hung, hung 悬挂
Lie 躺lay, lain ，lying；说谎lied, lied
Lay放置，下蛋laid, laid(雷的，雷的）
Attention
你还能列出现在完成时的一些时间状语吗？
recently, lately, 总次数……（XX times）
since用法
结构公式：现在完成时 + since + 一般过去式/过去的时间状语
I’ve known my best friend since we were in high school.
瞬间动词不能直接和for, since的完成时连用
瞬间动词变成延续动词
borrow---_____keep______________
buy-----_______have______________
catch a cold----_have a cold_________
die---_________be dead___________
fall asleep---___be asleep___________
fall ill-----______be ill______________
join------_______be in______________
leave---_______be away____________
marry----______be married_________
start----_______be on______________
end----_______ be over___________
have been VS have gone
总结：
have been to___去过_（去了已经回来） have gone to 表示_去了（去了还没回来） have been in (始终呆在一个地方)
特别句型
It /This +is +序数词＋n + 现在完成时
It is the first time that I’ve seen such a wonderful performance.
这是我第一次看到如此精彩的表演。
It/this is + 最高级/the best/the worst /the most interesting/the only +n.+现在完成时
‘Get away!’ is the only words that she has ever said to me.
女神对我说的唯一一句话是“滚开”。
现在完成时和过去时区别
总结：
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，不与具体过去时间状语连用；一般过去时说的是过去发生的或已经结束了的动作，它和现在没有直接关系，即使事实上和现在有关系，说话时也不强调这种关系，而只是指出那个动作发生在过去某一时间。 到目前为止总次数用 现在完成时 强调某一次动作用 一般过去时
Attention
Yet，so far常置于句末，already, just, ever, never等一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。
★真题试炼★
1．After graduation, his cousin was employed by an international company and _______ there ever since.
A．worked B．has worked C．had worked D．was working
2．This is the third time that I _______ Beijing but my mother _______ here for two years.
A．visited; has left B．have visited; has been away from
C．visited; has been leaving D．have visited; was away from
3．—It’s selfless ________ the great man to work on energy projects abroad under the Belt and Road Initiative.
—That’s true. He ________ for POWERCHINA since he graduated from college in 2014.
A．for; worked B．of; has worked C．for; has worked D．of; is working
4．International search and rescue (救援) teams have rushed to Turkey to help for the huge earthquakes. China ________ an 82-member China Search and Rescue Team.
A．sends B．was sent C．has sent D．has been sent
5．—Why won’t you go to the movies with them this Sunday
—Because I ________ the film twice.
A．watched B．have watched C．will watch D．was watching
6．—Emily, have you ever heard of Quan Hongchan
—Yes, I ________ her competition. She and Chen Yuxi won the first place in Canada.
A．see B．will see C．have seen D．was seeing
7．—Great changes ________ in Liangshan in the past two years.
—I’m so proud of my country! Instead of just giving money to poor people, China has tried to educate people and give them the tools they need to shake off poverty (贫困).
A．were taken place B．have been taken place C．had taken place D．have taken place
8．Since we entered our school three years ago, we ________ not only knowledge but also how to be a responsible citizen.
A．will learn B．are learning C．have learned D．had learned
9．Please enter the room quietly. The baby ________ asleep.
A．falls B．fell C．has fallen D．was falling
10．The documentary Hexi Corridor is very great. I ________ it twice so far.
A．have watched B．watch C．will watch D．watched
1．B
【详解】句意：毕业后，他的表哥受雇于一家国际公司，并一直在那里工作。
考查动词时态。根据“ever since”可知此处应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选B。
2．B
【详解】句意：这是我第三次来北京，但我母亲离开这里已经两年了。
考查动词时态。“This is+序数词+time+that从句”结构中，从句时态用现在完成时，结构为“have/has done”，选项A、C错误；根据时间状语“for two years”可知，第二空时态也用现在完成时。故选B。
3．B
【详解】句意：——在“一带一路”倡议倡议下，这位伟人在国外从事能源项目工作是无私的。——确实。自2014年大学毕业以来，他一直在中国电建集团工作。
考查介词辨析和现在完成时。固定句式“It is+形容词+of/for sb.+to do sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事怎么样”，介词为for时，形容词常与事物的特征有关；介词为of时，形容词常与人的性格特点有关。根据“selfless”和“the great man”可知，selfless“无私的”属于人的性格特点，第一空应填of；根据“since he graduated from college in 2014.”可知，此句为现在完成时，结构为have/has done。故选B。
4．C
【详解】句意：国际搜救队已赶赴土耳其，协助应对特大地震。中国派出了一支82人的中国搜救队。
考查时态。根据“have rushed to...”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done，且主语China和send之间是主动关系。故选C。
5．B
【详解】句意：——这个星期天你为什么不和他们一起去看电影？——因为这部电影我看了两遍。
考查现在完成时。由“twice”可知已经看了两遍，对现在造成的影响是不和他们一起去看电影，这里用现在完成时have watched。故选B。
6．C
【详解】句意：——埃米莉，你听说过全红婵吗？——是的，我看过她的比赛。她和陈芋汐在加拿大获得了第一名。
考查动词时态。see一般现在时；will see一般将来时；have seen现在完成时；was seeing过去进行时。根据“Emily, have you ever heard of Quan Hongchan ”可知此处为现在完成时，故选C。
7．D
【详解】句意：——这两年凉山发生了很大的变化。——我为我的祖国感到骄傲！除了给穷人钱，中国还努力教育人们，为他们提供摆脱贫困所需的工具。
考查时态。take place“发生”，是不及物动词短语，没有被动形式，排除AB两项，根据“in the past two years”可知，此处用现在完成时，故选D。
8．C
【详解】句意：自从我们三年前进入学校以来，我们不仅学到了知识，而且学会了如何做一个负责任的公民。
考查时态。根据“Since we entered our school three years ago”可知用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选C。
9．C
【详解】句意：请安静地进屋。婴儿睡着了。
考查现在完成时。falls动词三单；fell动词过去式；has fallen现在完成时；was falling过去进行时。根据“Please enter the room quietly. The baby…asleep.”可知婴儿已经睡着了，要安静地进屋，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故选C。
10．A
【详解】句意：纪录片《河西走廊》非常棒。到目前为止我已经看了两次了。
考查现在完成时。根据“I…it twice so far.”可知，已经看过两次了。so far意为“到目前为止，迄今为止”，常用于现在完成时。故选A。
结构公式：had done
时间状语：by+过去时间
The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex. Their estate was large, and their residence was at Norland Park, in the centre of their property, where, for many generations, they had lived in so respectable a manner as to engage the general good opinion of their surrounding acquaintance.
达什伍德家在苏塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一个偌大的田庄，府第就设在田庄中心的诺兰庄园。祖祖辈辈以来，一家人一直过着体面日子，赢得了四近乡邻的交口称誉。
Sense and Sensibility
过去完成时用以表示到过去某一时间动作已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。标志性时间状语为by+过去时间点。
His mother had gone to work by the time he arrived home.
如果两个动作发生在过去有明显的先后顺序，最先发生的用过去完成时。
He asked if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been.
★真题试炼★
11．By the time I rushed into the theater, the show ________ for half an hour.
A．had begun B．began C．was on D．had been on
12．—How long ________ you ________ TV by the time I called you
—For about two hours.
A．had; watched B．have; watched C．did; watch
13．—Did you see Jack at the party
—No, he ________ by the time I ________ there.
A．was leaving; got B．left; had got C．had left; got
14．By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ________ for ten minutes. It was hard to find my seat.
A．has been on B．had begun C．had been on
15．—Lily was late again this morning. Mr. Wang was very angry with her.
—Yes. By the time she hurried into the classroom, the bell ________.
A．have rang B．had rung C．rung
16．We ________ four important exams on English by the end of last month.
A．had had B．will have C．have had
17．By the time the rescue（营救）men came to help, Jack ________ to get out of the burning house.
A．managed B．has managed C．had managed
18．It’s bad luck today! By the time I got to the train station, the train ________ for ten minutes.
A．has been away B．will be away C．had been away
19．Chris told Stacie that he _________ what he was doing during the vacation.
A．was just asked B．was just asking C．just asked D．had just been asked
20．—You look unhappy, what happened
—Bad luck. I planned to go to Shenzhen, but the plane ________ when I ________ at the airport.
A．has left; arrived B．had left; arrived C．left; arrives
11．D
【详解】句意：当我冲进剧院时，演出已经开始半个小时了。
考查过去完成时。根据“By the time I rushed into the theater”以及“for half an hour”可知，时态为过去完成时，其谓语动词构成为had done，此处表示延续性动作，应用“had been on”。故选D。
12．A
【详解】句意：——我打电话给你时，你看电视多久了？——大约两小时了。
考查时态。根据“by the time I called you”可知此处表示过去的过去，用过去完成时。故选A。
13．C
【详解】句意：——你在聚会上看到杰克了吗？——没有，我到那里的时候他已经走了。
考查时态。根据“No, he ... by the time I ... there.”可知，“我到那里”发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，“他离开”发生在“我到那里”之前，应该用过去完成时。故选C。
14．C
【详解】句意：我到电影院时，电影已经上映十分钟了。很难找到我的座位。
考查时态。根据“By the time I got to the cinema”可知，此处应用过去完成时“had+动词过去分词”，表示过去的过去；结合“for ten minutes”可知，动词应用延续性动词，begin“开始”，是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，应该转换为be on(延续性动词)。故选C。
15．B
【详解】句意：——莉莉今天早上又迟到了。王老师对她生气。——是的，当她匆匆走进教室时，铃响了。
考查时态。by the time意为“到……时候(为止)”，介词短语，起连词作用，引导时间状语从句，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时“had done”，表示截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去，故选B。
16．A
【详解】句意：我们在上个月月底考了四场英语考试。
考查时态。根据句中信息“by the end of last month”可知，意思为“到上个月月末为止”，因此为过去式，而考试发生在月末之前，因此谓语在描述过去的过去，用“过去完成时”。故选A。
17．C
【详解】句意：当救援人员前来救援时，杰克已经设法走出了着火的房子。
考查过去完成时态。根据“By the time the rescue men came to help”可知，空格处动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，结构为“had+done”，故选C。
18．C
【详解】句意：今天运气真坏！我到火车站的时候，火车已经离开10分钟了。
考查过去完成时。从句使用了一般过去时，到达火车站是过去的一个时间点，在到达火车站之前已经发生的事应该使用过去完成时。过去完成时结构为“had+过去分词”，故选C。
【点睛】易错分析：本题易错选A，要弄清时间节点是截止到过去还是现在，在过去的时间点之前已经发生的动作应该用过去完成时。
19．D
【详解】句意：克里斯告诉斯泰西，他刚刚被问到假期打算做什么。
考查过去完成时的被动语态。根据“Chris told Stacie that he…what he was doing during the vacation.”可知，he和谓语动词之前是被动关系，因此此处谓语动词用被动形式，排除B、C选项；又因为句子是表示过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或者完成了的动作，因此此处用过去完成时，其被动语态形式为“had been done”。故选D。
20．B
【详解】句意：——你看起来不开心，发生什么事情了？——真倒霉。我计划去深圳，但是当我到达机场时，飞机已经离开了。
考查动词的时态。根据“I planned to go to Shenzhen, but the plane…when I…at the airport.”可知，作者到达机场是发生在过去的事情，故第二空用一般过去时；飞机离开是发生在作者到达机场之前的事情，在过去之前发生应用过去完成时，因此第一空应该用过去完成时。故选B。
结构公式一：would do
结构公式二：was/were going to do
时间状语：soon, the next day, the next month, the next year等
表示过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即 “站在过去说将来”。
★真题试炼★
21．The radio said that it ________ cloudy the next day.
A．will be B．was C．would be D．are
22．Alice has gone to the classroom and she didn’t say ________.
A．when did she come back B．when would she be back
C．when she came back D．when she would be back
23．Zhong Nanshan once said in his speech that a third vaccine (疫苗) ________ the COVID-19 more effectively (有效地).
A．has prevented B．will prevent C．prevents D．would prevent
24．—Sophia, this is a small gift for you.
—How nice of you! I never thought you ________ me a gift.
A．got B．would get C．will get D．has got
25．— It’s nearly three o’clock. Why hasn’t my mother shown up
— She called just now and promised she ________ at three.
A．will arrive B．would arrive C．has arrived D．had arrived
26．—Sophia, this is a small gift for you.
—How nice of you! I never thought you __________ me a gift.
A．got B．would get C．would give D．gave
27．—Has Sandy handed in her report
—Not sure. She told me that she wanted to check it again and she ________ it in soon.
A．will hand B．handed C．would hand D．has handed
28．—When will our daughter come back
—She told me on the phone last night that she ________ in late April. She must be packing these days.
A．will arrive B．would arrive C．is arriving D．arrives
29．—It’s already three o’clock. Why hasn’t my father shown up
—He called just now and promised he__________ at three. He should be here in any minute.
A．will arrive B．has arrived C．would arrive D．had arrived
30．—Why were you late for the speech
—I when my friend dropped by.
A．left B．was about to leave C．have left D．had left
21．C
【详解】句意：收音机说第二天多云。
考查主过从必过。分析句子结构，可知that引导宾语从句，主句谓语动词said说明主句采用一般过去时，遵循“主过从必过”的原则，从句也应用与过去相关的时态，根据“the next day”可知从句应用过去将来时，其谓语结构为：would+动词原形。故选C。
22．D
【详解】句意：爱丽丝已经去教室了而且她没说什么时间回来。
考查宾语从句。根据“she didn’t say”可知，空格处为宾语从句，其语序用陈述语序，排除A和B，结合语境可知，从句时态为过去将来时，故应用would+动词原形的结构。故选D。
23．D
【详解】句意：钟南山曾在演讲中表示，第三种疫苗将更有效地预防COVID-19。
考查过去将来时。has prevented现在完成时；will prevent一般将来时；prevents一般现在时的第三人称单数；would prevent过去将来时。根据句意可知，此处表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态，因此时态应用过去将来时，其结构为：should/would+动词原形；故选D。
24．B
【详解】句意：——索菲亚，这是给你的小礼物。——你真好！我从没想过你会给我礼物。
考查过去将来时。此处含宾语从句，需满足“主过从必过”原则，根据“I never thought you...me a gift.”可知，我以前从未想过你会给礼物给我，主句是一般过去时，因此从句用过去将来时，故选B。
25．B
【详解】句意：——几乎三点了。为什么我的妈妈还没有出现？——她刚才打电话了并承诺3点会到。
考查过去将来时。根据“promised”可知句子要用过去的某种时态，“承诺”的是将来的事情，句子要用将来时，故空格处要填过去将来时，其结构是would+do。故选B。
26．C
【详解】句意：——索菲亚，这是给你的小礼物。——你真好！我从没想过你会给我礼物。
考查过去将来时。get得到；give给。根据“I never thought”可知，我以前从未想过你会给礼物给我，因此从句用过去将来时，故选C。
27．C
【详解】句意：——温迪提交了她的报告了吗？——我不太确定。她告诉我她想再检查一遍，很快就交。
考查动词时态辨析。根据上文“She told me that she wanted to check it again”，可知还没有交报告，下文描述的是站在过去角度看将来发生的动作，需用过去将来时态would do结构。故选C。
28．B
【详解】句意：——我们女儿什么时候回来？——她昨晚在电话里告诉我她将在四月底到达。她这些天一定在收拾东西。
考查动词时态。根据“She told me on the phone last night that she …in late April”可知，此处表示在过去某个时间来看将来要发生的事情，用过去将来时would do的结构，故选B。
29．C
【详解】句意：——现在已经三点钟了。为什么我父亲还没有出现？——他刚才打电话来，答应三点钟到。他应该马上就到了。
考查情态动词的过去时态，will arrive意思为将要到达，表示发生在将来的事情；has arrived意思为已经到达，现在完成时态；had arrived意思为已经到达，过去完成时态；观察句子，这里是省略that的宾语从句，主句是过去时，那么从句也应该用过去时，排除AB。结合“He should be here in any minute.”那说明应该是用过去将来时，故选C。
【点睛】含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应，包括以下三点内容：
1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I don’t know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：
The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。
3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。
30．B
【详解】句意：——你为什么演讲迟到了？——我打算离开的时候，我的朋友来拜访我。短语be about to do sth.表示打算去做某事；根据题意，故选B。
点睛：be about to do表示即将发生的动作，在时间上指最近的将来。如：We are about to start. 我们就要出发了。
结构公式：have/has been doing
时间状语：so far, since +现在时间,for +一段时间, all morning等
In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over（仔细考虑）in my mind ever since. “Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.”
The Great Gatsby
现在完成进行时是现在完成时态和进行时态的结合，既有现在完成时态的特点，也有进行时态的特点。主要表示一个持续到现在的动作；表示动作的重复；表示长时间做某事；表示感彩。
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:
现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作, 强调动作的持续性，因此有“未完成”的含义。试比较：
I have read this book. （ 我读过这本书。 ）
I have been reading this book. （ 我一直在读这本书 ）
Attention
有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)。
How long have you worked [been working] here
你在这儿工作多久了？
自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。
I have lived here/have been living here since 1988.
现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感彩。
我等了两小时。(陈述事实)__I've waited for 2 hours__
我等了两个小时。(等得望穿秋水)____ _ I have been waiting for 2 hours.
不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。
我认识她刚刚两天。__I have just known her for two days.
他们结婚已二十年了。_They have been married for ten years.___________________
现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，但可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。
这房子已漆了一个月。_
The house has been painted for a month.// We have been painting this house for a month._
这个问题已被研究了五天。
The problem has been studied for 5 days.// We have been studying this problem for 5 days.
现在完成时&现在完成进行时异同
现完 现完进
已完成 √ ×
未完成 √ +for/ since… √（+for/ since…）
情感 × √
被动语态 √ ×
适用动词 （有since/for：不能用瞬间V） 除不能用进行时的V （心理V；情感V；结果V；瞬间V……）
结构公式：had been doing
时间状语：by+过去时间，before+过去时间
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到另外一个过去时间的动作，这个动作在当时仍在进行并可能继续延续下去。
去年他戒烟了。他抽烟已经30年。
He quit/gave up smoking last year. He had been smoking for 30 years.
结构公式：will have done
时间状语：before+将来时间；by+将来时间，时间点若是从句，要用一般现在时
表示在将来某一时间点以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。
I am sure he will have finished his work by the time you are there.
时态Summary
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 work(s) is/am/are working have/ has worked have/has been working
过去 worked was/were working had worked had been working
将来 will/ shall work is/am/are going to work … will be working will have worked will have been working
过去将来 would work was/were going to work… would be working would have worked would have been working
根据“标志词”确定时态
短语 所对应时态 短语 所对应时态
now 一般现、现进 how often 一般现、一般过
at this time yesterday 过去进行 how long 现完、现完进
last year/month 一般过 since when 现完
by the end/time of +过去时间 过完 in the past three years 现完
by the end/time of +将来时间 讲完 Watch out！ 现在进行
根据语境确定时态
—Excuse me, sir. Smoking is not allowed here.
—Oh, sorry I _____B_____.
A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. haven’t known D. can’t know
—Your phone number again I ____A____ quite catch it.
—It’s 7226109.
A. didn’t B. won't C. don’t D. can’t
—Alice. why didn’t you come yesterday
—I __C_______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
----Mom, 4 plus 4 is 9, right
----Honey, I ____C_____ you _________ wrong.
A. think // were B. thought//were C. think//are D. thought//are
----Darling, I am sorry. I _B__you ________coming tomorrow morning, so I didn't prepare dinner for you.
A. think // were B. thought//were C. think//are D. thought//are
在英语里有些动词与时态有着特定的对应关系，如:
see(看见)，hear(听见)，find(找到) 结果类动词 不能用进行时
work 表示机器不能正常运行、运转时 常用do/doesn’t work；
open, close, lock 表示门、窗等不能正常关、开、锁的意思时 常用won’t open /close /lock等，这时它们是以主动形式表示被动意义。
—Can I help you, sir
—Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _D____.
A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
窗户打不开了，得找个人来修。
The window won't open. I need to find someone to repair it.//
I need to have it repaired.
(have sth done让别人来做，但不强调是谁)
用所给单词的正确形式填空
31．I think Creation of Gods I is one of the best movies I (see) this summer.
32．I (use) this pen for a long time but it’s still good.
33． —That’s a nice mobile phone.
—It is. I (have) it for two months.
34．Scientists are trying to find life on Mars but they anything yet. (not find)
35．Well (begin) is half done.
36．—Have you ever (ride) a horse before
—Yes, I just rode a horse last month.
37．Nowadays the live-streaming (直播) industry has (become) an important plat-form (平台) of selling products in China.
38．What you (do) to my computer It’s dead!
39．She (marry) for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.
40．Be careful! The paint hasn’t yet. (dry)
41．I overslept this morning. By the time I got to the train station, the train________ (leave).
42．By the time I got to the station, the train (leave).
43．I thought I (finish) my task today, but there is still a lot left to do. I’m going crazy.
44．Jim promised he (return) the books on time but he failed.
45．She said she (leave) for Lhasa next month.
46．The enemy expected he (regret) not giving in soon while he would rather die than betray his country.
47．If he knew about the air crash, he (stop) his friend from getting on the plane anyway.
48．Jenny promised that she (share) something interesting with me as soon as she finished reading the book Alice in Wonderland.
49．He said that he (try) his best to learn English well, but he gave it up at last.
50．No one knew then that it (take) us a long time to fight against the virus.
31．have seen
【详解】句意：我认为《封神I》是这个暑假我看过的最好的电影之一。根据“one of the best movies I...this summer.”可知此处是“It/This is the+最高级+名词+（that）定语从句（从句中谓语动词用现在完成时）的结构”。主语是I，助动词用have；see的过去分词是seen。故填have seen。
32．have used
【详解】句意：这支笔我已经用了很长时间了，但它仍然很好用。use“使用”，动词；根据“for a long time”可知，此句为现在完成时，主语为I，谓语结构为have done。故填have used。
33．have had
【详解】句意：——那是一部不错的手机。——是的，我已经买了两个月了。由for two months可知句子是现在完成时，即have/has+过去分词，主语是I，助动词用have，动词have的过去分词是had。故填have had。
34．haven’t found
【详解】句意：科学家们正试图在火星上寻找生命，但他们还没有发现任何东西。根据“yet”可知，句子应用现在完成时，结构是“have/has+过去分词”，主语是they，助动词用have，否定直接在have后接not，可以缩写成haven’t，故填haven’t found。
35．begun
【详解】句意：好的开端是成功的一半。谚语“Well begun is half done.”是定语从句的省略形式，原句是“which is well begun, it is half done.”，所以此处begun和done形式一致，都是过去分词。故填begun。
36．ridden
【详解】句意： ——你以前曾经骑过马吗？ ——是的，我上个月刚刚骑过马。根据答语“Yes, I just rode a horse last month.”及结合首字母提示，可推测上句问句为“你以前曾经骑过马吗”，由空前的“Have you ever”可知该句为现在完成时态，应填ride的过去分词形式ridden，故填ridden。
37．become
【详解】句意：如今，直播行业已经成为中国销售产品的一个重要平台。根据“has”可知本句是现在完成时，所以动词用过去分词，故填become。
38． have done
【详解】句意：你对我的电脑做了什么？它死机了！分析句子可知，电脑现在死机了，过去对电脑做的事情，对现在产生了影响，应为现在完成时，结构是has/have done，主语是第二人称you，助动词用have。故填have；done。
39．has been married
【详解】句意：她结婚十年了，现在她有一个可爱的女儿。根据“for ten years”可知，本句是现在完成时，和一段时间连用，动词应用延续性动词：be married。主语是单数，助动词用has。故填has been married。
40．dried
【详解】句意：小心！油漆还没干。dry“(使)变干”，动词。根据hasn’t可知本句是现在完成时，动词用过去分词，故填dried。
41．had left
【详解】句意：我今天早上睡过头了。当我到达火车站时，火车已经开走了。根据“By the time I got to the train station, the train...”可知，主句要用过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去。故填had left。
42．had left
【详解】句意：当我到达车站的时候，火车已经离开了。根据“By the time I got to the station”可知，火车离开发生在到达车站之前，而“到达”用的是过去时，所以“离开”应用过去完成时，结构是“had+过去分词”，故填had left。
43．would finish
【详解】句意：我以为我今天能完成任务，但还有很多事情要做。我快疯了。根据题干可知，句子是宾语从句，符合“主过从过”的规则，根据“today”可知，从句应用过去将来时，结构为would+动词原形。故填would finish。
44．would return
【详解】句意：吉姆答应按时还书，但他没有做到。return“归还”，动词。相对“答应”这个动作来说，“还书”这个动作发生在将来，应用将来时；根据“promised”可知，主句为一般过去时，宾语从句“he....on time”应用相应的过去时态，即过去将来时；此处表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作，应用would do结构。故填would return。
45．would leave
【详解】句意：她说她下个月将去拉萨。leave for“动身去某地”；根据“next month”可知句子应用将来时；根据“She said...”可知此处将来的动作是相对过去来说，应用过去将来时would do。故填would leave。
46．would regret
【详解】句意：敌人以为他会后悔没有很快投降，而他宁愿死也不愿背叛自己的国家。根据“while he would rather die than betray his country.”可知，此处是“敌人以为他会后悔没有很快投降”，regret“后悔”，是动词，根据主句谓语动词expected是过去式，从句用相应过去时态，根据语境用过去将来时，其结构是：would+动词原形。故填would regret。
47．would stop
【详解】句意：如果他知道空难的事，他无论如何都会阻止他的朋友上飞机。If引导的条件状语从句，从句一般过去时态，主句过去将来时态。过去将来时态结构是：would+动词原形。这里填would stop。故填would stop。
48．would share
【详解】句意：珍妮答应我，她一读完《爱丽丝梦游仙境》就会和我分享一些有趣的事情。此处是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句也要用过去的时态，答应的事还没做，所以用过去将来时，故填would share。
49．would try
【详解】句意：他说他要尽最大努力学好英语，但最后他还是放弃了。根据“He said that he… his best to learn English well”可知，“要学好英语”是发生在未来，此处是宾语从句，且根据“said”以及“主过从必过”可知，从句用过去将来时would do的结构，故填would try。
50．would take
【详解】句意：当时没有人知道，抗击病毒需要多长时间。根据“No one knew then that it...us a long time to fight against the virus.”可知，不知道需要多少时间，表将来，主句谓语动词knew是过去式，所以从句用过去将来时，故填would take。2024年中考英语二轮复习专题：动词时态二（上海专用）
·模块一 现在完成时 Present Perfect Tense
·模块二 过去完成时Past Perfect Tense
·模块三 过去将来时Past Future Tense
·模块四 现在完成进行时 Present Perfect Progressive Tense（了解即可）
·模块五 过去完成进行时Past Perfect Progressive Tense（了解即可）
·模块六 将来完成时 Future Perfect Tense（了解即可）
·模块七 用实践检验真知
结构公式：sb. have/ has done
时间状语：already, yet, just, so far, never, ever, since +过去时间点,for +一段时间, in the past/last few years
现在完成时的简单定义：1）过去发生的动作对现在产生一定的影响；2）过去发生的动作一直延续到现在。
比较：
I had 10 hamburgers today.（今天“吃”的行为已结束，10为最终结果。）
I have had 10 hamburgers today. （今天到目前为止吃了10个，可能很饱，也可能还不尽兴。）
现在完成时有两个主要用法：
用法 含义 标志词 例句
已完成 动作发生在过去，但后果或影响至今仍然存在. just already，yet Your letter has just been received.
未完成 动作开始在过去，一直持续到现在 for…, since… They have lived here for more than twenty years.
*Hanged, hanged绞死
Hung, hung 悬挂
Lie 躺lay, lain ，lying；说谎lied, lied
Lay放置，下蛋laid, laid(雷的，雷的）
Attention
你还能列出现在完成时的一些时间状语吗？
recently, lately, 总次数……（XX times）
since用法
结构公式：现在完成时 + since + 一般过去式/过去的时间状语
I’ve known my best friend since we were in high school.
瞬间动词不能直接和for, since的完成时连用
瞬间动词变成延续动词
borrow---_____keep______________
buy-----_______have______________
catch a cold----_have a cold_________
die---_________be dead___________
fall asleep---___be asleep___________
fall ill-----______be ill______________
join------_______be in______________
leave---_______be away____________
marry----______be married_________
start----_______be on______________
end----_______ be over___________
have been VS have gone
总结：
have been to___去过_（去了已经回来） have gone to 表示_去了（去了还没回来） have been in (始终呆在一个地方)
特别句型
It /This +is +序数词＋n + 现在完成时
It is the first time that I’ve seen such a wonderful performance.
这是我第一次看到如此精彩的表演。
It/this is + 最高级/the best/the worst /the most interesting/the only +n.+现在完成时
‘Get away!’ is the only words that she has ever said to me.
女神对我说的唯一一句话是“滚开”。
现在完成时和过去时区别
总结：
现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响，不与具体过去时间状语连用；一般过去时说的是过去发生的或已经结束了的动作，它和现在没有直接关系，即使事实上和现在有关系，说话时也不强调这种关系，而只是指出那个动作发生在过去某一时间。 到目前为止总次数用 现在完成时 强调某一次动作用 一般过去时
Attention
Yet，so far常置于句末，already, just, ever, never等一般置于助动词have/has之后，过去分词之前。
★真题试炼★
1．After graduation, his cousin was employed by an international company and _______ there ever since.
A．worked B．has worked C．had worked D．was working
2．This is the third time that I _______ Beijing but my mother _______ here for two years.
A．visited; has left B．have visited; has been away from
C．visited; has been leaving D．have visited; was away from
3．—It’s selfless ________ the great man to work on energy projects abroad under the Belt and Road Initiative.
—That’s true. He ________ for POWERCHINA since he graduated from college in 2014.
A．for; worked B．of; has worked C．for; has worked D．of; is working
4．International search and rescue (救援) teams have rushed to Turkey to help for the huge earthquakes. China ________ an 82-member China Search and Rescue Team.
A．sends B．was sent C．has sent D．has been sent
5．—Why won’t you go to the movies with them this Sunday
—Because I ________ the film twice.
A．watched B．have watched C．will watch D．was watching
6．—Emily, have you ever heard of Quan Hongchan
—Yes, I ________ her competition. She and Chen Yuxi won the first place in Canada.
A．see B．will see C．have seen D．was seeing
7．—Great changes ________ in Liangshan in the past two years.
—I’m so proud of my country! Instead of just giving money to poor people, China has tried to educate people and give them the tools they need to shake off poverty (贫困).
A．were taken place B．have been taken place C．had taken place D．have taken place
8．Since we entered our school three years ago, we ________ not only knowledge but also how to be a responsible citizen.
A．will learn B．are learning C．have learned D．had learned
9．Please enter the room quietly. The baby ________ asleep.
A．falls B．fell C．has fallen D．was falling
10．The documentary Hexi Corridor is very great. I ________ it twice so far.
A．have watched B．watch C．will watch D．watched
结构公式：had done
时间状语：by+过去时间
The family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex. Their estate was large, and their residence was at Norland Park, in the centre of their property, where, for many generations, they had lived in so respectable a manner as to engage the general good opinion of their surrounding acquaintance.
达什伍德家在苏塞克斯定居，可有些年代了。家里置下一个偌大的田庄，府第就设在田庄中心的诺兰庄园。祖祖辈辈以来，一家人一直过着体面日子，赢得了四近乡邻的交口称誉。
Sense and Sensibility
过去完成时用以表示到过去某一时间动作已完成或延续到某一过去时间的动作或状态，也就是说发生在“过去的过去”。标志性时间状语为by+过去时间点。
His mother had gone to work by the time he arrived home.
如果两个动作发生在过去有明显的先后顺序，最先发生的用过去完成时。
He asked if Mr Gilbert's operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been.
★真题试炼★
11．By the time I rushed into the theater, the show ________ for half an hour.
A．had begun B．began C．was on D．had been on
12．—How long ________ you ________ TV by the time I called you
—For about two hours.
A．had; watched B．have; watched C．did; watch
13．—Did you see Jack at the party
—No, he ________ by the time I ________ there.
A．was leaving; got B．left; had got C．had left; got
14．By the time I got to the cinema, the movie ________ for ten minutes. It was hard to find my seat.
A．has been on B．had begun C．had been on
15．—Lily was late again this morning. Mr. Wang was very angry with her.
—Yes. By the time she hurried into the classroom, the bell ________.
A．have rang B．had rung C．rung
16．We ________ four important exams on English by the end of last month.
A．had had B．will have C．have had
17．By the time the rescue（营救）men came to help, Jack ________ to get out of the burning house.
A．managed B．has managed C．had managed
18．It’s bad luck today! By the time I got to the train station, the train ________ for ten minutes.
A．has been away B．will be away C．had been away
19．Chris told Stacie that he _________ what he was doing during the vacation.
A．was just asked B．was just asking C．just asked D．had just been asked
20．—You look unhappy, what happened
—Bad luck. I planned to go to Shenzhen, but the plane ________ when I ________ at the airport.
A．has left; arrived B．had left; arrived C．left; arrives
结构公式一：would do
结构公式二：was/were going to do
时间状语：soon, the next day, the next month, the next year等
表示过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即 “站在过去说将来”。
★真题试炼★
21．The radio said that it ________ cloudy the next day.
A．will be B．was C．would be D．are
22．Alice has gone to the classroom and she didn’t say ________.
A．when did she come back B．when would she be back
C．when she came back D．when she would be back
23．Zhong Nanshan once said in his speech that a third vaccine (疫苗) ________ the COVID-19 more effectively (有效地).
A．has prevented B．will prevent C．prevents D．would prevent
24．—Sophia, this is a small gift for you.
—How nice of you! I never thought you ________ me a gift.
A．got B．would get C．will get D．has got
25．— It’s nearly three o’clock. Why hasn’t my mother shown up
— She called just now and promised she ________ at three.
A．will arrive B．would arrive C．has arrived D．had arrived
26．—Sophia, this is a small gift for you.
—How nice of you! I never thought you __________ me a gift.
A．got B．would get C．would give D．gave
27．—Has Sandy handed in her report
—Not sure. She told me that she wanted to check it again and she ________ it in soon.
A．will hand B．handed C．would hand D．has handed
28．—When will our daughter come back
—She told me on the phone last night that she ________ in late April. She must be packing these days.
A．will arrive B．would arrive C．is arriving D．arrives
29．—It’s already three o’clock. Why hasn’t my father shown up
—He called just now and promised he__________ at three. He should be here in any minute.
A．will arrive B．has arrived C．would arrive D．had arrived
30．—Why were you late for the speech
—I when my friend dropped by.
A．left B．was about to leave C．have left D．had left
结构公式：have/has been doing
时间状语：so far, since +现在时间,for +一段时间, all morning等
In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over（仔细考虑）in my mind ever since. “Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.”
The Great Gatsby
现在完成进行时是现在完成时态和进行时态的结合，既有现在完成时态的特点，也有进行时态的特点。主要表示一个持续到现在的动作；表示动作的重复；表示长时间做某事；表示感彩。
现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:
现在完成时可以表示一个已经完成的动作，而现在完成进行时则表示一个正在进行的动作, 强调动作的持续性，因此有“未完成”的含义。试比较：
I have read this book. （ 我读过这本书。 ）
I have been reading this book. （ 我一直在读这本书 ）
Attention
有少数动词(如work, study, live, teach, stay等)在表示持续一时间时用这两种时态含义差不多(只是用现在完成进行进更强调动作的持续性)。
How long have you worked [been working] here
你在这儿工作多久了？
自1988年以来我就一直住在这儿。
I have lived here/have been living here since 1988.
现在完成时通常只陈述事实，而现在完成进行时还可表示一种感彩。
我等了两小时。(陈述事实)__I've waited for 2 hours__
我等了两个小时。(等得望穿秋水)____ _ I have been waiting for 2 hours.
不用于进行时态的动词通常也不用于现在完成进行时，但它们可以用于现在完成时。
我认识她刚刚两天。__I have just known her for two days.
他们结婚已二十年了。_They have been married for ten years.___________________
现在完成进行时不用于被动语态，但可用现在完成时的被动语态代替。
这房子已漆了一个月。_
The house has been painted for a month.// We have been painting this house for a month._
这个问题已被研究了五天。
The problem has been studied for 5 days.// We have been studying this problem for 5 days.
现在完成时&现在完成进行时异同
现完 现完进
已完成 √ ×
未完成 √ +for/ since… √（+for/ since…）
情感 × √
被动语态 √ ×
适用动词 （有since/for：不能用瞬间V） 除不能用进行时的V （心理V；情感V；结果V；瞬间V……）
结构公式：had been doing
时间状语：by+过去时间，before+过去时间
表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到另外一个过去时间的动作，这个动作在当时仍在进行并可能继续延续下去。
去年他戒烟了。他抽烟已经30年。
He quit/gave up smoking last year. He had been smoking for 30 years.
结构公式：will have done
时间状语：before+将来时间；by+将来时间，时间点若是从句，要用一般现在时
表示在将来某一时间点以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。
I am sure he will have finished his work by the time you are there.
时态Summary
一般 进行 完成 完成进行
现在 work(s) is/am/are working have/ has worked have/has been working
过去 worked was/were working had worked had been working
将来 will/ shall work is/am/are going to work … will be working will have worked will have been working
过去将来 would work was/were going to work… would be working would have worked would have been working
根据“标志词”确定时态
短语 所对应时态 短语 所对应时态
now 一般现、现进 how often 一般现、一般过
at this time yesterday 过去进行 how long 现完、现完进
last year/month 一般过 since when 现完
by the end/time of +过去时间 过完 in the past three years 现完
by the end/time of +将来时间 讲完 Watch out！ 现在进行
根据语境确定时态
—Excuse me, sir. Smoking is not allowed here.
—Oh, sorry I _____B_____.
A. don’t know B. didn’t know C. haven’t known D. can’t know
—Your phone number again I ____A____ quite catch it.
—It’s 7226109.
A. didn’t B. won't C. don’t D. can’t
—Alice. why didn’t you come yesterday
—I __C_______, but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
----Mom, 4 plus 4 is 9, right
----Honey, I ____C_____ you _________ wrong.
A. think // were B. thought//were C. think//are D. thought//are
----Darling, I am sorry. I _B__you ________coming tomorrow morning, so I didn't prepare dinner for you.
A. think // were B. thought//were C. think//are D. thought//are
在英语里有些动词与时态有着特定的对应关系，如:
see(看见)，hear(听见)，find(找到) 结果类动词 不能用进行时
work 表示机器不能正常运行、运转时 常用do/doesn’t work；
open, close, lock 表示门、窗等不能正常关、开、锁的意思时 常用won’t open /close /lock等，这时它们是以主动形式表示被动意义。
—Can I help you, sir
—Yes. I bought this radio here yesterday, but it _D____.
A. didn’t work B. won’t work C. can’t work D. doesn’t work
窗户打不开了，得找个人来修。
The window won't open. I need to find someone to repair it.//
I need to have it repaired.
(have sth done让别人来做，但不强调是谁)
用所给单词的正确形式填空
31．I think Creation of Gods I is one of the best movies I (see) this summer.
32．I (use) this pen for a long time but it’s still good.
33． —That’s a nice mobile phone.
—It is. I (have) it for two months.
34．Scientists are trying to find life on Mars but they anything yet. (not find)
35．Well (begin) is half done.
36．—Have you ever (ride) a horse before
—Yes, I just rode a horse last month.
37．Nowadays the live-streaming (直播) industry has (become) an important plat-form (平台) of selling products in China.
38．What you (do) to my computer It’s dead!
39．She (marry) for ten years and now she has a lovely daughter.
40．Be careful! The paint hasn’t yet. (dry)
41．I overslept this morning. By the time I got to the train station, the train________ (leave).
42．By the time I got to the station, the train (leave).
43．I thought I (finish) my task today, but there is still a lot left to do. I’m going crazy.
44．Jim promised he (return) the books on time but he failed.
45．She said she (leave) for Lhasa next month.
46．The enemy expected he (regret) not giving in soon while he would rather die than betray his country.
47．If he knew about the air crash, he (stop) his friend from getting on the plane anyway.
48．Jenny promised that she (share) something interesting with me as soon as she finished reading the book Alice in Wonderland.
49．He said that he (try) his best to learn English well, but he gave it up at last.
50．No one knew then that it (take) us a long time to fight against the virus.
