第21讲 阅读（讲义）-2024年小升初英语复习讲练测（全国通用版）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
小升初英语高频考点专题复习
第二十一讲 阅读
完形填空题是一种旨在考查学生语法和词汇知识综合运用能力的典型题型。它既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句型结构和习惯用法，又考查逻辑推理能力。考生在解答时，要把握基础知识功底。
巧记口诀 通读全文，了解大意。 重视首句，领略大意。 瞻前顾后，逐步填空。 排除干扰，仔细鉴别。 复读全文，确认答案。
通读全文的目的是掌握文章的大意，了解前后句之间的关系、句群的衔接。
文章的第一句往往是主题句或含有主题词，学生可以根据第一句话来把握文章或者段落的中心思想，找准题目的考点，带着问题继续快速浏览全文。
了解文意和考点之后，就可以逐步填空。在答题时，不仅要考虑到上下文的意思，还要考虑到句子的结构、习惯用法、固定搭配和词类的功能，选出的答案要既符合语法又符合原文的意思。
在解题过程中，可采用排除法、联想法等技巧。
排除法：首先去除语法上和内容上有明显错误或不合理的选项，然后再逐个排除。
联想法：用学过的知识和已有的生活经验，扫清部分词汇理解上的障碍。从文中叙述者的角度来看待问题，联想并推测故事所发生的情景和人物在那种情景下的心态和感觉。
做完题后，把文章再次通读一遍，检查填空后的文章是否连贯，语法是否正确，情节是否合理。
(2023南京江宁区)完形填空。
Do you like bats(蝙蝠) I don't. But they are interesting.
Birds can fly and bats can 1 too. Is a bat a kind of bird The answer is“No”. Bats are mammals(哺乳动物). Birds and bats are 2 animals.
Bats have four legs. 3 have only two. Bats have teeth and birds have no teeth. Bats have big 4 , but birds’ ears are only holes in their heads.
All bats like to eat insects(昆虫). They look for food at night and 5 in the day. But most of the birds like looking for food during the day and have a rest 6 . In the evening, bats are busy. They fly and 7 insects. A bat's two legs 8 it fly and a piece of skin joins(连接) them together. They are just like a bird's 9 .
Some people think bats have good eyesight. It is not true. Bats have eyes but can't see well. They can hear very well. They can feel where a thing is. That is 10 bats can fly in the evening.
( )1. A. fly B. see C. hear
( )2. A. big B. bad C. different
( )3. A. Mammals B. Birds C. Animals
( )4. A. wings B. eyes C. ears
( )5. A. fly B. sleep C. eat
( )6. A. in the morning B. in the afternoon C. at night
( )7. A. catch B. caught C. catching
( )8. A. help B. want C. take
( )9. A. legs B. wings C. body
( )10. A. when B. what C. why
思路点拨：本文主要讲述了蝙蝠与鸟的区别。 1.根据句中的“too(也)”可知鸟会飞，蝙蝠也会飞。 2.由上文可知蝙蝠是哺乳动物，但鸟不是哺乳动物，所以它们是不同的动物。 3.由下文可知此处把蝙蝠和鸟进行对比。 4.后半句说的是鸟的耳朵，根据“but”可知本句是讲同一方面的不同，所以此处也是“ears(耳朵)”。 5.蝙蝠夜里寻找食物，所以白天应该在睡觉。 6.前半句是说鸟喜欢白天寻找食物，所以后半句应该是夜晚休息。 7. and前后需保持一致，故要同 fly一样用动词原形。 8. 此题考查“help…(to) do…”。want 和take后面接不定式时不能省略to。 9.根据前一句可知此物能帮助鸟飞行，所以是翅膀。 10.根据上下文可知这里表示那就是蝙蝠能在晚上飞行的原因。 答案 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. C
选词填空
做此类题型时，最主要是把空缺词所在的句子的意思弄清楚，然后根据已有的知识选出所缺的单词。在选单词的时候还要注意短语是否符合正确的语法规则。做完题目后，要把文章通读一遍，检查一下所填的单词及语法是否正确。
(2023衡水桃城区)选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空。
kite late go will all sun play walk are early
It was 1. ________ yesterday. We 2. ________ to the playground to play basketball. We 3. ________ two hours and we 4. ________ tired. And then we went to the park. We flew 5. ________. It was 6. ________ in the afternoon. So we went home. 7. ________ of us felt happy. Tomorrow is Monday. We 8. ________ go to school. We will get up 9. ________ and 10. ________ to school.
思路点拨：本篇短文是叙述“我们”昨天进行的活动及对明天的安排。注意：叙述昨天的事情需用一般过去时，叙述明天的事情则需用一般将来时。在答题时，学生可以运用词汇搭配知识快速圈定正确答案，如be动词后面接名词或形容词，及物动词后面接名词，副词修饰动词等。 答案 1. sunny 2. went 3. played 4. were5. kites 6. late 7. All 8. will 9. early 10. walk
首字母填空
这类考题是根据首字母和文意的提示填写单词，完成短文。首先要浏览全文，大致了解文章的内容，再根据句意及语法规则写出单词，最后通读整篇文章，检查单词书写及其形式是否正确。
(2023南京建邺区)首字母填空。
Helen is a good girl. She has many good 1. h________. She always 2. g________ to bed 3. e________ and 4. d________ much sport every day. She 5. n________ feels sleepy in the morning. She likes 6. d________water every day. She 7. C________ about her 8. t________ very much. She doesn't eat too much 9. s________ food at a time. We should 10. 1________ from her.
思路点拨：本篇短文主要讲述了 Helen 的好习惯。 1. 句意为“她有许多好的习惯”,故填habits。2~3根据首字母g和bed可知，固定搭配应为 go to bed early,注意主语是第三人称, go应用第三人称单数形式goes。 4. 根据首字母d和sport可知，固定搭配应为do much sport,注意主语是第三人称, do应用第三人称单数形式 does。 5. 句意为“她早上从不觉得困”,故填 never。 6. 句意为“她喜欢喝水”, like后面接动词-ing 形式表示喜欢做某事，故填drinking。 10. should 后接动词原形,故填learn。 答案 1. habits 2. goes 3. early 4. does5. never 6. drinking 7. cares 8. teeth 9. sweet 10. learn
阅读理解是综合考查英语理解能力的题目，出题面较广，对学生所掌握的英语技能的程度要求比较高，如词汇、句式、语法的综合运用。在平时的学习中，既要重视对英语基础知识的掌握，又要养成阅读的好习惯，加强练习。
选择型阅读
做此类题型时，需要注意阅读的顺序：先读问题，再读原文，最后读选项。学生通读问题之后，对考查内容有一个大概的了解；在通读文章时，要注重理解整篇文章的内容，在理解的基础上进行分析，认真思考，做出选择，完成题目。
(2023济南历下区)阅读短文，选择正确的答案。
Hello! My name is Mary. Last weekend I had a good trip with my parents. We went to Hong Kong by plane. It was so fast. On the first day, we went to Disneyland. There were many people here. That's cool! I saw Mickey Mouse and Snow White there. My father took many pictures and my mother bought many presents. We had a great time.
( )1. Mary went to ________ with her parents.
A. Wuhan B. Hong Kong C. Shanghai
( )2. They went there by ________.
A. ship B. plane C. train
( )3. Mary went to ________ on the first day.
A. Disneyland B. the zoo C. the sea
( )4. Mary's father ________ there.
A. took pictures B. washed the clothes C. played football
( )5. Mary's mother ________ there.
A. bought presents B. danced C. did housework
思路点拨：本题是一篇关于玛丽上周末和父母一起旅行的叙事文章。问题内容主要包括所去的地方、交通方式以及所做的事情。 1~2根据短文第二至四句可知玛丽和父母乘坐飞机去了香港旅行。 3.根据短文第六句可知玛丽第一天去了迪士尼乐园。 4~5根据短文倒数第二句可知玛丽的爸爸拍了许多照片，妈妈买了许多礼物。 答案1. B 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. A
判断正误型阅读
判断正误题相对比较简单，但出错率仍然较高，究其原因，还是不懂判断的方法。事实上，判断题与选择型阅读的做题方法基本一致，仍需找出题目中的关键词，带着关键词，在文中寻找所需信息，然后仔细判断题目与文中信息是否一致，如一致则正确，反之则错误。
(2023日照东港区)阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。
It was sunny last Friday. We had a Science Festival at school. I made a model plane. Tom made a ship. Jack and Jim made a robot. Then we played with these models. I flew my plane high in the sky. Tom sailed(航行,起航) his ship on the lake. And the robot walked and talked. We had a lot of fun at the Science Festival. I love the festival.
( )1. The school held a Science Festival last Friday.
( )2. The writer made a model plane.
( )3. Tom made a robot. It could walk and talk.
( )4. The ship sailed on the sea.
( )5. It was fun to take part in(参与) the Science Festival.
思路点拨：此篇短文讲述了上周五作者和伙伴们参加科技节的一些活动。短文内容比较简单，只要同学们细心阅读，认真判断就不会有困难。 1.根据短文第一、二句可知他们上周五在学校举办了科技节，与题意相符，故正确。 2.根据短文第三句可知作者做了一个模型飞机，与题意相符，故正确。 3.根据短文第四句可知汤姆做的是一艘船，与题意不符，故错误。 4.根据短文倒数第四句可知船在湖面上航行，与题意不符，故错误。 5.根据短文倒数第二句可知他们在科技节上玩得很开心，与题意相符，故正确。 答案 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T
任务型阅读
要做好这类题型的阅读理解，首先应该要有一定的语言基础，熟练运用所学的单词、短语、句型以及相关的语法知识。丰富自己的词汇量是准确、快速地完成阅读理解题的前提条件。做任务型阅读题时，我们应该遵从以下几个步骤：
(1)通读全文，了解全文的大体意思。如遇到生词，应联系上下文猜测词意。
(2)阅读题目，对所需要解答的问题做到心中有数。
(3)带着问题再读一遍短文。
(4)对照短文，解答问题。每一个问题应从文中找到准确的出处。
(5)有些问题不是从一两句话就可以找出答案的，应通读全文，理解并得出最佳答案。
(2023济南市中区)阅读短文，完成表格。
Xu Xiake was born(出生) in Jiangsu province. When he was a child, Xu enjoyed reading books about Chinese mountains and rivers. He decided to see them when he grew up. Xu travelled to 21 provinces and over 100 cities in China. He climbed thousands of mountains and explored over 350 caves. Xu was the first person to find the highest peak of Huangshan Mountain. He was also the first to find the karst caves(喀斯特溶洞). What's more, he discovered the Yangtze River's headwater. Xu travelled mostly on foot. He slept and ate in the wild. He was robbed three times. Sometimes he fell into rivers or ran into dangerous animals. But Xu was brave and enjoyed his journey. Xu kept a diary while travelling. It is still popular today.
What's his name Xu Xiake
Where was he born 1. ________province
What kind of books did Xu Xiake enjoy He enjoyed reading books about 2. ________and rivers.
Where did he travel He travelled to 21 provinces and 3. ________in China.
How did he travel He travelled 4. ________________.
What was Xu like He was 5. ________.
思路点拨：此篇短文简单介绍了徐霞客的一些成长经历和事迹。 1. 根据短文第一句可知填Jiangsu。 2. 根据短文第二句可知填Chinese mountains。 3. 根据短文第四句可知填over 100 cities。 4. 根据短文中句子“Xu traveled mostly on foot.”可知填on foot。 5. 根据短文倒数第三句可知填 brave。 答案 1. Jiangsu 2. Chinese mountains 3. over 100 cities 4. on foot 5. brave
[过关训练]
一、完形填空。
Mr Hu is a new teacher in our school. He 1 us English this term. He is nice. He 2 wearing a white shirt and black trousers. He 3 English very well. He often 4 with us in English. We all like him very much.
Mr Hu 5 two little sons. They're twin brothers. They are only five. They often 6 the same clothes. 7 Betty goes to Mr Hu's home. She loves to 8 the twins and play with 9 . Mr Hu 10 his sons Baobao and Beibei.
( ) 1. A. tells B. teaches C. asks D. reads
( ) 2. A. is B. likes C. wants D. does
( ) 3. A. speaks B. says C. tells D. talks
( ) 4. A. stays B. plays C. talks D. goes
( ) 5. A. wants B. has C. looks after D. teaches
( ) 6. A. wear B. put on C. have D. take off
( ) 7. A. But B. And C. Then D. Sometimes
( ) 8. A. look B. think C. take D. see
( ) 9. A. twins B. ones C. they D. them
( ) 10. A. calls B. name C. thinks D. think
二、阅读短文，选择最佳选项。
A French student went to London for his holiday. He thought,“I know 1 English. But I think people can understand me.”
One day, he went into a 2 and sat down at a table. He wanted to 3 some eggs and a cup of tea. Soon the waiter came up to him and asked,“Can I help you ”“A cup of tea…”The student couldn't remember the 4 word for eggs. He looked around him, but 5 was eating eggs. Then he saw a 6 book on the table next to him. There was a picture of a 7 on its cover(封面). He 8 the picture to the waiter, and asked“What's this in English ”
“A cock,”answered the waiter.“What do you call a cock's wife ”he asked again.“A hen.”“And what do you call their children ”“Chicks.”“And what do you call chicks 9 they are born ”“Eggs.”
“Bring me two 10 and a cup of tea, please.”The French student said happily.
( ) 1. A. much B. a little C. more D. a few
( ) 2. A. restaurant B. post office C. cinema D. hospital
( ) 3. A. drink B. take C. have D. carry
( ) 4. A. English B. Chinese C. French D. Japanese
( ) 5. A. someone B. everyone C. nobody D. anybody
( ) 6. A. story B. picture C. history D. science
( ) 7. A. bird B. cow C. cock D. sheep
( ) 8. A. read B. put C. bought D. showed
( ) 9. A. after B. before C. when D. in front of
( ) 10. A. hens B. chicks C. cocks D. eggs
三、阅读短文,判断正(T)误(F)。
An old tiger lives in the forest. He doesn't want to look for food by himself. He often tells other animals to bring him something to eat.
He sees a monkey and says,“I'm hungry, Monkey. Go to the village and get me a fat pig.”
“Oh, Tiger,”says the monkey.“I can't do that now. There is another tiger over there. He also wants a fat pig. He will not let me get anything for you to eat. I am afraid of him.”
“What ”cries the old tiger.“Show me that tiger. I will talk to him.”
“Come with me,”says the monkey.
The monkey and the tiger get to a bridge over the river.
“Now look down at the river,”says the monkey.“Do you see the head, the white teeth and the large green eyes of a tiger Isn't he stronger than you ”
“Yes, he is,”cries the old tiger.“I will eat him up!”
With these words, the tiger jumps into the river.
( ) 1. The tiger wants the monkey to bring him a big dog.
( ) 2. The monkey is not afraid of the old tiger.
( ) 3. The monkey and the tiger get to a bridge over the river.
( ) 4. The tiger jumps into the river at last(最后).
( ) 5. The tiger is very clever.
四、阅读短文，选择正确的答案。
Little Peter is a boy of nine. He began to go to school when he was six, and now he's in Grade Four. His home is not far from the school. It takes him ten minutes to walk to school, but he is often late for school. He likes watching TV in the evening and goes to bed late, so he can't get up on time in the morning.
Yesterday morning Peter got up late again. When he hurried to school, it was eight fifteen. Mrs Smith, his teacher, was very angry.“You're ten minutes late for school, Peter. Why are you often late for school ”“Every time I get to the street corner(拐角),I see a sign(路标). It says, ‘SCHOOL—GO SLOW!’”Peter said.
( ) 1. Peter is in Grade ________.
A. Two B. Three C. Four
( ) 2. Peter often goes to school ________.
A. on foot B. by bike C. by bus
( ) 3. Peter likes ________ in the evening.
A. reading B. watching TV C. playing basketball
( ) 4. School begins at ________.
A.8:00 B.8:05 C.8:15
( )5.The sign is for
A.Peter B.students C.drivers
五、阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)。
Dear Mum,
How are you I'm happy at Grandpa's house.Every day I have fun with Xiaomei. Last Saturday we went swimming.Last Sunday we went fishing.Last Monday we went to the farm.We saw many ducks,geese,rabbits and chicken.They are lovely.There are some vegetables.They are fresh.Last Tuesday we rowed a boat in the river.Last Wednesday we climbed a mountain and took many pictures.Last Thursday Grandma cooked for us.We ate dumplings and a lot of good food.Today is Friday.We cleaned the room for grandparents this morning.I will go home this Sunday.
Love,
Dingding
( )1.Dingding went swimming last Monday.
( )2.They saw rabbits on the farm.
( )3.They rowed a boat in the river last Tuesday.
( )4.They went to a restaurant and ate good food.
( )5.Dingding will go home tomorrow.
参考答案
一、完形填空
答案：1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. A
解析：在做完形填空题时，一定要先将文章的大概意思弄懂，然后再考虑用合适的单词填空。
1.由上文可知Mr Hu是老师，此处应是“他这个学期教我们英语”。
2.由wearing可首先排除C、D项。若选A项，可构成现在进行时， 表示“正穿着”；若选B项，则构成一般现在时，表示“喜欢穿着”。联系上下文，应表达一般情况,故选 B。
3.此题要正确区分 speak, say, tell, talk 的用法, 此处表示“说某种语言”用speak。
4.由in English 可知, 此处表示“他经常用英语和我们交流”。talk with sb.表示“和某人交谈”。
5.此处表示某人有某物。主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用has。
6.根据句意，此处应用表示“穿着；戴着”，强调状态的词。wear=be in,强调“穿”的状态。put on 强调“穿”的动作。
7.此题的意思是贝蒂有时去胡老师的家。sometimes 意为“有时”。
8.表示看望某人用短语 see sb.。
9.从 with 可知介词后面要用代词的宾格形式。
10.由后面的名字可知是称呼的意思，而call 表示“称呼，叫”。
二、1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.D 9.B 10.D
三、答案 ：1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. F
1.从老虎看见猴子后对猴子说的话: Go to the village and get me a fat pig. 可知老虎想让猴子给它弄一头肥猪来，而不是弄一只大狗。所以本题错误。
2.读完短文，我们知道根本没有另一只老虎，文中猴子说害怕另一只老虎是为了骗那只年迈的老虎，它并不怕那只老虎并与其智斗。所以本题正确。
3.从短文中的原句: The monkey and the tiger get to a bridge over the river. 可知本题正确。
4.从短文末尾: …the tiger jumps into the river. 可知老虎最后跳进了河里。所以本题正确。
5.阅读短文可知，老虎以为河中自己的倒影是另一只强壮的老虎，老虎连自己的倒影都分不清，可知老虎是愚蠢的。所以本题错误。
四、CABBC
五、FTTFF
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