2024年中考英语二轮复习专题: 介词(上海专用)
·模块一 表示持续时间的介词
·模块二 表示方位的介词
·模块三 表示地点的介词
·模块四 表示运动方向或目的的介词
·模块五 in the end/at the end of/by the end of的区别
·模块六 on/about的区别
·模块七 表示“除……之外”的介词
·模块八 2022、2023年上海市真题综合训练50题
表示持续时间的介词
介词 用法 示例
since 接过去某时间点,常用于完成时。 I've earned my own living since last year.
for 接一段时间,常用于完成时。 I haven’t played the piano for many years.
after 表“……以后”,常与过去时或过去完成时连用。 After I told her the news, she stared at me in astonishment.
in in+一段时间,通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。 We'll give you our decision in a few days.
during 表示“……期间”,强调动作持续整个时间段。 The prices of fruit generally run up during the winter months.
★小试身手★
His father will be back from London _______ a few days.
A. since B. in C. on D. after
--- How long has the bookshop been in business
--- _______ 1987.
A. after B. in C. from D. since
The touch they had both kept in _______ many years broke.
A. for B. on C. into D. with
第三题解释:
The touch (they had both kept in for many years )定从broke.
(They had both kept in touch for many years), but the touch broke.
他们保持联系很多年,但是现在断了。
表示方位的介词
介词 用法 示范
in 表示在境内。 Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
on 表示相邻或在边界上,不在境内。 North Korea is on the east of China.
to 表示在境外,不接壤。 Japan lies to the east of China.
off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方。 New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
★小试身手★
Guangdong lies _______ the south of China and Fujian is _______ the east of it. Hainan is _______ the coast of the mainland.
A. in; in; on B. in; on; off C. on; to; on D. in; to; away
表示地点的介词
介词 用法 示例
at 表示在较小的地方(车站、家) I shall wait for you at the station.
in 表示在较大的地方(国家、城市) Of all the gin joints,in all the towns,in all the world,he walks into mine. ------Casablanca
on 表示在某物上(表面接触) He is sitting beside her on the sofa.
over 表示“在…的上方或覆于……的上面”,under的相反词。 The helicopter is staying over our heads.
under 表示“在…的下面/下方”,通常表示位置处于正下方。 His smelly socks are under the bed.
★小试身手★
We sometimes have dinner _______ my uncles _______ the weekend.
A. with; on B. at; at C. in; in D. with; for
Attention
on V.S. over
on是 “support(支撑)” V.S. over是 “cover(覆盖)”
I put a cup on the desk.
我把一个杯放在桌上. (书桌支撑着杯子).
Then I put my handkerchief over the cup.
然后我把手帕盖在杯子上。(手帕覆盖着杯子)
表示运动方向或目的的介词
介词 用法
across 表示穿过一平面。
through 表示穿过一空间。
along 表示沿着一条线平行。
up 表示向上,由南到北,由东到西,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市;反之则用down。
to 表示动作的目的地;towards指朝向,无到达的意思。
for 表示去向,常与leave, start off, set out, head, sail等动词连用。
★小试身手★
_______ the gate and you’ll find the entrance _______ the park _______ the other side.
A. Through; to; on B. Along; of; on C. Down; to; at D. Up; of; by
Early _______ the morning of May 1, we started off _______ the mountain village.
A. in; for B. in; to C. on; / D. on; for
in the end/at the end of/by the end of的区别
词组 用法 示例
in the end 意为“最后、终于”,相当于finally, at last,在句子中一般单独使用。 In the end, it doesn't even matter.
at the end of+名词短语 意思是“在……末端/尽头”。 Our teacher ran over the mainpoints at the end of each class.
by the end of+表示时间的名词 意为“到…为止,到…最后”,如果of后面接过去时间,那谓语必须用过去完成时态。 By the end of last month, we had produced twice as many cars as we did last year.
on/about的区别
介词 用法 示例
about 两者都有“关于”的意思,有时可互相替换使用,about侧重叙事。 stories about Michael Jordan 迈克尔·乔丹的故事
on on侧重论述,说明书、文章或报告等是严肃的或学术的,更强调“指导、入门”层面的意义。 a book on the radio无线电入门(如果将on换成about,则是指一本关于无线电的科普故事书。)
★小试身手★
He gave some advice__on_ how to learn English.
他就如何学好英语给我提了一些建议。
He wrote a book __on___ politics.
他写的书论述政治方面的问题。
He wrote a book ___about___ politics.
他写的书讲述有关政治方面的人物、轶事、事件等。
表示“除……之外”的介词
介词/词组 用法
besides 表示包含,除…之外还有…
but 表示排除,多与不定代词如nobody, none 等连用。
except 表示排除,除…之外,主要用来谈论同类事物,不用于句首。
except for 表示“只是,只不过”,主要用来谈论不同类事物。
★小试身手★
Smith is a good man, _______ his bad temper.
A. except B. besides
C. but D. except for
___Besides____ money, she also gets the commercial aspirations from her father .
You have no choice ___but to____ work hard.
All compositions are well written __except_____ yours.
1.(2022·上海普陀·校考模拟预测)You will find that everything is beginning to come to life ________ spring.
A.in B.on C.by D.at
2.(2022·上海徐汇·统考二模)You can always see people exercise in that park, even ________cold winter mornings.
A.on B.in C.at D.from
3.(2022·上海·模拟预测)The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held ________ February 4, 2022.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
4.(2022·上海·模拟预测)The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony will be held ________ Feb. 4th.
A.on B.to C.in D.at
5.(2022·上海闵行·统考二模)The opening ceremony of the 2022 Olympic Winter Games was held in Beijing ________ Feb 4, 2022 and it was so fantastic.
A.in B.at C.on D.by
6.(2022·上海崇明·统考模拟预测)The 24th Winter Olympic Games were held ________ Beijing.
A.on B.from C.in D.during
7.(2022春·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中)All the citizens in Puxi had to stay at home ________ April 1, 2022.
A.at B.on C.by D.in
8.(2022春·上海静安·九年级上海市市西中学校考期中)Maria went to Shanghai to visit the Disneyland with her parents ________ August 8th.
A.on B.in C.at D.by
9.(2023·上海青浦·统考一模)A football match between France and Argentina was held ________ December 18.
A.to B.on C.in D.at
10.(2022·上海杨浦·统考一模)The story of Robinson Crusoe is about a man living ________ a desert island.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
11.In some countries, people play tricks ________ each other ________ April Fool’s Day.
A.with; in B.at; in C.on; on D.to; on
12.—Mrs Wang, when is World Reading Day
—It is ________ April 23 every year.
A.in B.at C.on D.by
13.Now students have more free time ________ night because of the “double reduction” policy.
A.in B.on C.at D.to
14.The plane is flying __________ the clouds.
A.on B.over C.at D.above
15.Over 10,000 runners joined the half marathon in Xianlin, ________ May 7, 2017.
A.in B.on C.at D.by
16.(2022·上海·模拟预测)The ancient Greeks succeeded in capturing the city ________ a trick in only one night.
A.in B.through C.of D.for
17.(2022秋·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期末)It was absolutely impossible to make a fire ______ that cold winter night.
A.on B.in C.of D.by
18.(2022·上海·模拟预测)________ Sunday night, the closing ceremony of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games was held at the National Stadium.
A.At B.On C.In D.To
19.(2023·上海虹口·统考二模)China launched its third aircraft carrier, the Fujian, in Shanghai, ________ June 17, 2022.
A.in B.on C.at D.to
20.(2022·上海宝山·统考二模)_______ a cold night, Simon decided to go out to work to support his family.
A.On B.In C.At D.By
21.(2022·上海松江·统考二模)We will have our next class meeting ________ two weeks’ time.
A.for B.in C.from D.at
22.(2022·上海浦东新·统考模拟预测)How nice it is to walk along the river with friends ________ a warm spring day!
A.at B.in C.with D.on
23.(2023·上海·一模)My classmate, Tom, hopes to become a policeman ________ ten years’ time.
A.before B.for C.in D.during
24.—Excuse me. How does the machine work
—It runs ________ electricity.
A.in B.by C.on D.with
25.(2022秋·上海·九年级期末)—Your sweater looks very nice. What’s it made ________?
—Wool, and it’s made ________ Wuhan.
A.from; on B.of; in
C.of; on D.from; in
26.The astronauts of Shenzhou XIII returned to the mother planet ________ April 16, 2022.
A.in B.on C.at D.to
27.—All the students in our class went to the library ________ Lin Tao. Why
—Because he had a bad cold. He had to stay in bed.
A.with B.beside C.except D.besides
28.—How are you going to meet Gu Ailing at the airport _______ Thursday morning
—I’m going there _______ my car.
A.on; in B.on; by C.in; by D.in; in
29.The sunshine is shining ________ the window. Everything in the room looks so bright.
A.over B.through C.against D.across
30.(2022秋·上海宝山·九年级统考开学考试)The streets were empty _________ a few taxis.
A.except B.besides C.except for D.in addition to
31.—Is there _________ in today’s morning news on CCTV-1
—Yes. France Team beat Republic of Korea Team by 4:0 in the 8th FIFA Women’s World Cup in France _________ June 8, 2019.
A.anything special; on B.something special; in C.special something; on D.anything special; in
32.(2022秋·上海·九年级期中)We can use GPS ________ any time, ________ any place and ________ any weather.
A.in; in; under B.at; in; in C.in; at; in D.at; on; in
33.(2023春·九年级单元测试)The king has a big family, ________ three boys and four girls.
A.including B.include C.included D.includes
34.Both Li Ming and I are _________ our school football team.
A.of B.at C.to D.on
35.I decided to play a joke ________ my sister ________ her birthday.
A.at; at B.on; on C.at; on D.on; at
36.Kunming is a beautiful city ______ the south-west of China.
A.on B.in C.to D.at
37.(2022春·上海闵行·九年级上海市实验学校西校校考期中)The local community center is open_____________ Monday to Saturday.
A.in B.from C.for D.on
38.(2022秋·上海奉贤·九年级校联考期中)It was really kind of him to take the cat to the animal centre _______a rainy night.
A.in B.on C.at D.of
39.(2022·上海杨浦·统考三模)The statue stands ______ a small island in New York harbor, near the great city.
A.above B.in C.at D.on
40.(2023·上海徐汇·统考二模)Picasso, a famous European artist, had a great influence on art ________ the 20th century.
A.at B.in C.on D.from
41.(2022·上海杨浦·统考三模)He thought of ______ up an online store but decided against it.
A.open B.opening C.opened D.to open
42.(2022·上海·统考一模)Some of the stamps are Jack's,and the others belong to_____________.
A.myself B.my C.mine D.me
43.(2022·上海·统考一模)I lost my way ________a rainy night and my mother was quite worried about me.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
44.(2022·上海·模拟预测)The Bund is always crowded with people _________ the nights of National Day.
A.at B.for C.in D.on
45.(2022·上海徐汇·统考二模)________ 32 years old, Professor Wang had written 8 novels, 5 of which are best-sellers.
A.At B.For C.Since D.By
46.(2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中)Do you think this is a good picture ________ the color, Jenny
A.beside B.besides C.except D.except for
47.(2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市西南位育中学校考期中)—Are you sure everyone has taken the exam ________ Tom
—Of course.
A.except B.except for C.except that D.besides
48.(2022春·上海徐汇·九年级统考期中)Will the three astronauts return to Earth ________ half a month
A.for B.about C.in D.after
49.(2023·上海奉贤·统考二模)It is a Chinese tradition for a family to gather together and stay up late ______ Chinese New Year’s Eve.
A.at B.in C.on D.with
50.—Taiwan and Hong Kong are important parts of China.
—Yes, Taiwan lies ________ the southeast of China and Hong Kong is ________ the south of China.
A.in;on B.to;in C.in;in D.in;to
参考答案:
1.A
【详解】句意:你会发现春天万物开始复苏。
考查介词辨析。in后加年代,季节,月份;on表示在星期几/某日(即具体的某一天);by到……为止;at表示在某一时刻。“spring”是季节,in spring“在春天”,故选A。
2.A
【详解】句意:你总是能看到人们在那个公园锻炼,甚至是在寒冷的冬天早晨。
考查介词的用法。on指在某一天或某一天的早上、下午或晚上;in泛指在上午、下午或晚上,表示月或年等较长的时间前也用in;at表示在某个时刻;from从……。“cold winter mornings”表示具体的“早晨”,应用介词on。故选A。
3.B
【详解】句意:2022年北京冬奥会将于2022年2月4日举行。
考查介词辨析。in泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间;on表示星期几或某一特定的日期;at表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等;for表一段时间。空后“February 4, 2022”是具体的日期,需用介词on。故选B。
4.A
【详解】句意:北京2022年冬奥会开幕式将于2月4日举行。
考查介词辨析。on在(某一天),表示具体某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上;to到;in在(某段时间内),表示在某年、某季节、某月或泛指的上午、下午、晚上;at在(某时间或时刻),一般表示时间点。句中的“Feb. 4th”是具体的日期,应该用on。故选A。
5.C
【详解】句意:2022年2月4日,2022年冬奥会开幕式在北京举行,真是太棒了。
考查介词辨析。in后跟世纪、年、月、季节等时间;at后跟钟点时刻;on后跟具体的某一天的时间;by通过。“Feb 4, 2022”具体到了某一天,所以用介词on。故选C。
6.C
【详解】句意:第24届冬季奥林匹克运动会在北京举行。
考查介词辨析。on“在……上”;from“从……来”;in“在……里”;during“在……期间”。根据地点名词“Beijing”可知,此处应用介词in,表示在某地。故选C。
7.B
【详解】句意:2022年4月1日,浦西的所有市民都不得不待在家里。
考查介词辨析。at接具体时间点;on接具体的某一天;by通过;in接年份、月份、季节等。“April 1, 2022”是具体的一天,应填介词on。故选B。
8.A
【详解】句意:玛丽亚8月8日和她的父母去了上海迪士尼乐园。
考查介词辨析。on后接具体的某一天;in后接年、月、季节;at后接时间点;by后接交通工具。根据空后的“August 8th”为具体的一天可知,此处的时间介词应该用on。故选A。
9.B
【详解】句意:一场法国和阿根廷的足球比赛在12月8号举办。
考查时间介词。to到;on后加具体日期;in后加年月季节等;at后加具体时刻。根据“December 18”可知,12月8号是具体日期。故选B。
10.B
【详解】句意:《鲁滨逊漂流记》是关于一个生活在荒岛上的人的故事。
考查介词辨析。in在……里面;on在……上面;at在;for为了。根据“a man living ... a desert island”可知是生活在荒岛上,用on。故选B。
11.C
【详解】句意:在一些国家,在愚人节这天人们互相捉弄。
考查介词词义辨析。with和……一起,具有,带有;in在……,后接月份,年份,季节以及上下午晚上;at根据,按照,后接时刻钟;on在……时,后接具体日期,具体星期;to向,朝着。根据短语play tricks on sb.“捉弄某人”,可知第一空填“on”;根据题干中“April Fool’s Day”可知表示在愚人节这天,用介词on。故选C。
12.C
【详解】句意:——王老师,世界读书日是什么时候?——每年的4月23日。
考查介词辨析。in其后加早中晚/月份/季节/年份;at其后加时间点;on其后加星期或具体的时间;by通过。“April 23”是具体的时间,用时间介词on。故选C。
13.C
【详解】句意:现在,由于“双减”政策,学生在晚上有了更多的自由时间。
考查介词辨析。in其后加早中晚/月份/季节/年份等;on其后加星期或具体的时间;at加点钟等;to到。at night“在晚上”,固定短语,故选C。
14.D
【详解】句意:飞机正在云上面飞行。
考查介词辨析。on在……上面,指在表面上接触;over在……上面,指在垂直上方;at在;above在……上面,指在上方,不一定正上方。根据“The plane is flying”和“the clouds”可知应用above,故选D。
15.B
【详解】句意:2017年5月7日,超过10000名选手参加了仙林半程马拉松比赛。
考查时间介词用法。in用于表示世纪、年、月、季节,在上午/下午/晚上/白天等;on用于表示确定的时间,具体某天或具体某一天的上午下午晚上或一般节日等;at表示在具体的时间点,常用于表示钟点、夜里、中午、拂晓等的词组中;by有“不迟于……,到……为止,在……之前”的意思。根据设空处后的“May 7, 2017”可知是日期,即具体某天,应用时间介词on。故选B。
16.B
【详解】句意:古希腊人只用了一个晚上就成功地用诡计占领了这座城市。
考查连词辨析。in在……里面;through通过;of……的;for为了。分析句子结构,本句缺方式状语;根据题干“The ancient Greeks succeeded in capturing the city…a trick in only one night”,可知是说通过设诡计占领了城市,故选B。
17.A
【详解】句意:在那个寒冷的冬天的晚上生火是绝对不可能的。
考查介词。on用于表示确定的时间,具体某天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等;in用于表示世纪、年、月、季节,在上午、下午、晚上或白天等;of属于……的;by被,通过。根据“that cold winter night”可知表达“在那个寒冷的冬天的晚上”,指具体的某一天的晚上用介词“on”。故选A。
18.B
【详解】句意:周日晚上,2022年北京冬奥会闭幕式在国家体育场举行。
考查时间介词。At后接具体时刻等;On后接具体某一天或具体某一天的上下午、晚上等;In后接年、月等;To朝,向。根据“Sunday night”可知,此处指具体一天的晚上,用介词On。故选B。
19.B
【详解】句意:中国第三艘航空母舰福建号于2022年6月17日在上海下水。
考查介词辨析。in其后加早中晚,月份,季节,年份等;on其后加星期或具体的时间;at其后加点钟;to到。“June 17, 2022”是具体的时间,用时间介词on。故选B。
20.A
【详解】句意:在一个寒冷的夜晚,西蒙决定出去工作来养家。
考查介词辨析。On用于表示确定的时间,具体某天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等;In用于表示世纪、年、月、季节,在上午、下午、晚上、白天等;At表示在具体的时间点,常用于表示钟点、夜里、中午、拂晓等的词组中;By不迟于、在……时候。空后的“a cold night”是具体的时间,因此用介词on。故选A。
21.B
【详解】句意:我们将在两周后开下一次班会。
考查介词辨析。for为了;in在;from来自;at在。根据“will have”可知,句子时态是一般将来时,应该用“in+一段时间”表示。故选B。
22.D
【详解】句意:在温暖的春日和朋友们沿着河边散步是多么美好的事情啊!
考查时间介词,at后跟具体时间点;in后接年/月/季节;with具有,随着;on后接具体某一天。根据“a warm spring day”一个温暖的春日,可知应该指具体某一天,故选D。
23.C
【详解】句意:我的同学汤姆希望十年后成为一名警察。
考查介词辨析。before在……之前;for后加时间段;in后加时间段,表示“在多长时间之后”;during在……期间。根据“hopes to become a policeman...ten years’ time”可知是在10年后,用介词in。故选C。
24.C
【详解】句意:——对不起,这台机器是怎么工作的?—— 它靠电运转。
考查介词辨析。in使用(语言或材料),在……里; by使用,通过(方法、手段,交通工具);on通过(带电的通讯), 在……上;with用(工具),和,带有。run on electricity“靠电力运行”,on electricity“用电”,固定词组。故选C。
25.B
【详解】句意:——你的毛衣看起来很漂亮。它是什么做的?—— 羊毛,它是武汉制造的。
考查介词。be made from/of意为“由……制成”,of后面跟制成品可看出原材料,制作过程仅发生物理变化,from后面跟制成品看不出原材料,制作过程发生了化学变化。be made in在某个地方制造,或某年月制造; on后面跟在具体某一天, be made on在某天制造。根据回答“Wool”可知毛衣是羊毛制造的,能看出材料,用of;根据空格后“Wuhan”是地点,应用in。故选B。
26.B
【详解】句意:神舟十三号的宇航员于2022年4月16日返回地球。
考查时间介词。in后加某年某月某季节;on后加具体到某一天或具体某一天的早晨、下午和晚上;at后加具体的时刻;to后面跟分钟,表示还差多少分钟到下一点。空格后“April 16, 2022”表示“2022年4月16日”,是具体的某一天,用介词on。故选B。
27.C
【详解】句意:——除了林涛,我们班所有的学生都去了图书馆。为什么?——因为他得了重感冒,不得不卧床休息。
考查介词辨析。with带有;beside在……旁边;except除……之外(不包括);besides除……之外(还)。根据“He had to stay in bed.”可知,林涛生病了,不包括在去图书馆的学生范围内,应用except。故选C。
28.A
【详解】句意:——周四上午你怎么去机场接谷爱凌?——我打算开车去。
考查介词辨析。on用在星期或具体日期前;in用在早中晚/月份/季节/年份前。第一处“Thursday morning”是具体时间,用on。in在……中;by乘坐。根据“I’m going there...my car.”可知,此处是考查乘坐交通工具的表达,可以用“by+交通工具”或“in+限定词+ car”表示。故选A。
29.B
【详解】句意:阳光透过窗户照进来。房间里的每样东西看起来都很明亮。
考查介词辨析。over超过;through穿过(从物体中间);against紧靠,倚;across穿过(从物体表面)。根据“shining ... the window”可知阳光从窗户中间穿过,用through。故选B。
30.C
【详解】句意:街道上空无一人,只有几辆出租车。
考查介词辨析。except除去;besides除了……之外;except for除了;in addition to除了。根据“The streets were empty...a few taxis”可知,此处表示从整体中除去一个细节,一方面,用except for。故选C。
31.A
【详解】句意:——在今天的中国中央电视台1频道的早间新闻中有没有一些特别的东西?——有。在2019年6月8日法国举办的第八届国际足联女子世界杯中,法国队以4:0击败了韩国队。
考查复合不定代词、介词辨析。something某事,一般用于肯定句中;anything任何事,一般用于否定句和疑问句中;根据空格1是在疑问句中,形容词修饰复合不定代词要后置,排除B和C;在世纪、年、季、月前面介词用in;具体到某一天,介词用on;根据“June 8, 2019”可知介词用on。故选A。
32.B
【详解】句意:我们能在任何时间,任何地方和任何天气使用GPS。
考查介词辨析。in在……里;under在……下面;at在;on在……上。at any time“在任何时间”此处强调的是时间点,应用介词at;in+地点,所以第二空应用介词in;in+天气,所以第三空应用介词in。故选B。
33.A
【详解】句意:国王有一个大家庭,包括三个男孩和四个女孩。
考查介词的用法。including包括,介词;include包括,动词原形;included包括,过去分词;includes动词单三。根据“The king has a big family...three boys and four girls”可知句中已有谓语动词,此处表示“包括”用介词。故选A。
34.D
【详解】句意:李明和我都是学校足球队的队员。
考查介词辨析。of……的;at在……;to朝,向;on在……。表示“是……的成员”用介词on。故选D。
35.B
【详解】句意:我决定在我妹妹生日那天和她开个玩笑。
考查动词短语和时间介词。play a joke on sb.“对某人开玩笑,和某人开玩笑”,动词短语,由此可知,第一个空格处用on;在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介词on,在时间点前用介词at,由空格后“her birthday”可知第二个空格处用介词on。故选B。
36.B
【详解】句意:昆明是中国西南部一座美丽的城市。
考查介词辨析。on接壤;in在参照物范围之内;to在参照物范围之外;at在。根据常识可知昆明属于中国的西南部。故选B。
37.B
【详解】句意:当地社区中心从星期一到星期六开放。考查固定短语和介词辨析。from…to…(表时间、地点)从……到……。根据句意,可知选B。
38.B
【详解】句意:在一个雨夜,他带猫去动物中心,他真是太好了。考查时间介词。根据后面的a rainy night“一个雨夜”,可知表示的是具体的某一天的晚上,所以应用介词on,结合选项可知B选项符合题意,故答案选B。
【点睛】本题考查时间介词。A. in后跟年份、月份和季节,也有固定短语in the morning,in the afternoon;in the evening,也可表示“…后”,表将来;B. on表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”;C. at表示“某一具体时刻(即几点几分时)”;D. of…的,表示所属关系。根据后面的a rainy night“一个雨夜”,可知表示的是具体的某一天的晚上,所以应用介词on,故答案选B。
39.D
【详解】句意:这个雕像屹立于纽约港口的一个小岛上,靠近这个大的城市。
A.在……上方(不是垂直上方);B.在……里;C.以……;D.在……上。根据句意可知,译为“在小岛上”。on a small island在小岛上,故选D。
40.B
【详解】句意:毕加索,一位著名的欧洲艺术家,对20世纪的艺术产生了巨大的影响。
考查介词辨析。at在,表示在具体的时间点,常用于表示钟点、夜里、中午、拂晓等的词组中;in用于表示世纪、年、月、季节,在上午/下午/晚上/白天等;on用于表示确定的时间,具体某天或具体某一天的上午下午晚上或一般节日等;from从……,表示开始的时间。根据“the 20th century.”可知,这里表示世纪,用介词in。故选B。
41.B
【详解】句意:他考虑开一家网店,但是决定不下来。
A.动词原形;B.动名词;C.动词的过去分词;D.动词不定式。根据句意可知,译为“考虑开一个网店”,且根据空前of可知,空处用doing,故选B。
42.D
【详解】句意:一些邮票是杰克的,其余的是我的。
考查代词辨析。myself我自己,反身代词;my我的,形容词性物主代词,修饰名词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;me我,宾格代词。根据“belong to属于”可知介词to后接宾格代词,故选D。
43.B
【详解】句意:我在一个雨夜迷了路,母亲很为我担心。
考查介词辨析。泛指一般意义的上午、下午或晚上以及月或年等较长的时间,一般用 in;表示时间的某一点、某一时刻或年龄等用 at;若表示星期几或某一特定的日期,则用 on;for用于表示一段时间。a rainy night(一个雨天)是特定的日子,需用on;根据句意,故选B。
44.D
【详解】句意:国庆节的晚上,外滩总是挤满了人。
考查介词辨析。at后接具体时刻;for后接一段时间;in后接某年某月某季节;on后接具体的一天。根据“the nights of National Day”可知,具体到某一天或者某一天的上午,下午,晚上用介词on,故选D。
45.D
【详解】句意:王教授在32岁之前,就已经写了8本小说,其中的5本成为畅销书。
考查介词辨析。at在,表点刻的时间;for+时间段,表某一动作或事件的持续;since自从,指从过去某时到现在,所以用作现在完成时句子的时间状语;by到……为止,在……之前。可用作过去完成时句子的时间状语。“Professor Wang had written 8 novels, 5 of which are best-sellers.”可知,是发生在过去的过去,故选D。
46.D
【详解】句意:珍妮,你认为这幅画除了颜色以外好吗?
考查介词及短语辨析。beside在……旁边;besides除……之外(还有);except除……之外(从整体中除去部分);except for除……之外(对整体的肯定,对部分的否定,起修正作用)。根据“a good picture…the color”可知,除去颜色这一部分,整体是一张好图片,故应用except for。故选D。
47.A
【详解】句意:——你确定除了汤姆,每个人都参加了考试吗?——当然。
考查介词词义辨析。except除了,介词;except for除……以外,介词,常用于说明情况时对细节进行补充;except that除……以外,连词;besides除此之外还有,介词。此处表示“除了”Tom之外都参加了考试,Tom是名词,所以需要介词except。故选A。
48.C
【详解】句意:半个月后,这三名宇航员会回到地球吗?
考查介词。for为了;about关于;“in+一段时间”表示“……之后”,用于一般将来时;after在……之后,后接时间点时,多和将来时连用,后接时间段时,多和过去时连用。根据“half a month”可知是一段时间,且句子时态是一般将来时,此处应用介词in,表示“半个月后”。故选C。
49.C
【详解】句意:在除夕夜,一家人聚在一起熬夜是中国的传统。
考查时间介词辨析。at后接具体时刻;in后接某年某月某季节;on后接具体一天;with有。“Chinese New Year’s Eve”是具体的一天,应填on修饰,故选C。
50.C
【详解】句意:——台湾和香港是中国的重要组成部分。——是的,台湾在中国东南部,香港在中国南部。
考查介词的用法。in,on,to三个词都可以表示位置关系:in表示位于一个地方的内部;on表示与某个地方接壤;to表示两个地方不接壤。根据常识,可知台湾和香港都在中国的内部,因此都应用介词in。故选C。2024年中考英语二轮复习专题: 介词(上海专用)
·模块一 表示持续时间的介词
·模块二 表示方位的介词
·模块三 表示地点的介词
·模块四 表示运动方向或目的的介词
·模块五 in the end/at the end of/by the end of的区别
·模块六 on/about的区别
·模块七 表示“除……之外”的介词
·模块八 2022、2023年上海市真题综合训练50题
表示持续时间的介词
介词 用法 示例
since 接过去某时间点,常用于完成时。 I've earned my own living since last year.
for 接一段时间,常用于完成时。 I haven’t played the piano for many years.
after 表“……以后”,常与过去时或过去完成时连用。 After I told her the news, she stared at me in astonishment.
in in+一段时间,通常用于将来时或含有将来意义的句子。 We'll give you our decision in a few days.
during 表示“……期间”,强调动作持续整个时间段。 The prices of fruit generally run up during the winter months.
★小试身手★
His father will be back from London _______ a few days.
A. since C. on D. after
--- How long has the bookshop been in business
--- _______ 1987.
A. after B. in C. from
The touch they had both kept in _______ many years broke.
B. on C. into D. with
表示方位的介词
介词 用法 示范
in 表示在境内。 Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
on 表示相邻或在边界上,不在境内。 North Korea is on the east of China.
to 表示在境外,不接壤。 Japan lies to the east of China.
off 表示在海面上靠近海岸的地方。 New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia.
★小试身手★
Guangdong lies _______ the south of China and Fujian is _______ the east of it. Hainan is _______ the coast of the mainland.
A. in; in; on C. on; to; on D. in; to; away
表示地点的介词
介词 用法 示例
at 表示在较小的地方(车站、家) I shall wait for you at the station.
in 表示在较大的地方(国家、城市) Of all the gin joints,in all the towns,in all the world,he walks into mine. ------Casablanca
on 表示在某物上(表面接触) He is sitting beside her on the sofa.
over 表示“在…的上方或覆于……的上面”,under的相反词。 The helicopter is staying over our heads.
under 表示“在…的下面/下方”,通常表示位置处于正下方。 His smelly socks are under the bed.
★小试身手★
We sometimes have dinner _______ my uncles _______ the weekend.
B. at; at C. in; in D. with; for
Attention on V.S. over
on是 “support(支撑)” V.S. over是 “cover(覆盖)”
I put a cup on the desk.
我把一个杯放在桌上. (书桌支撑着杯子).
Then I put my handkerchief over the cup.
然后我把手帕盖在杯子上。(手帕覆盖着杯子)
表示运动方向或目的的介词
介词 用法
across 表示穿过一平面。
through 表示穿过一空间。
along 表示沿着一条线平行。
up 表示向上,由南到北,由东到西,由沿海到内陆,由小地方到大地方,由农村到城市;反之则用down。
to 表示动作的目的地;towards指朝向,无到达的意思。
for 表示去向,常与leave, start off, set out, head, sail等动词连用。
★小试身手★
_______ the gate and you’ll find the entrance _______ the park _______ the other side.
B. Along; of; on C. Down; to; at D. Up; of; by
Early _______ the morning of May 1, we started off _______ the mountain village.
A. in; for B. in; to C. on; /
in the end/at the end of/by the end of的区别
词组 用法 示例
in the end 意为“最后、终于”,相当于finally, at last,在句子中一般单独使用。 In the end, it doesn't even matter.
at the end of+名词短语 意思是“在……末端/尽头”。 Our teacher ran over the mainpoints at the end of each class.
by the end of+表示时间的名词 意为“到…为止,到…最后”,如果of后面接过去时间,那谓语必须用过去完成时态。 By the end of last month, we had produced twice as many cars as we did last year.
on/about的区别
介词 用法 示例
about 两者都有“关于”的意思,有时可互相替换使用,about侧重叙事。 stories about Michael Jordan 迈克尔·乔丹的故事
on on侧重论述,说明书、文章或报告等是严肃的或学术的,更强调“指导、入门”层面的意义。 a book on the radio无线电入门(如果将on换成about,则是指一本关于无线电的科普故事书。)
★小试身手★
He gave some advice how to learn English.
他就如何学好英语给我提了一些建议。
He wrote a book politics.
他写的书论述政治方面的问题。
He wrote a book politics.
他写的书讲述有关政治方面的人物、轶事、事件等。
表示“除……之外”的介词
介词/词组 用法
besides 表示包含,除…之外还有…
but 表示排除,多与不定代词如nobody, none 等连用。
except 表示排除,除…之外,主要用来谈论同类事物,不用于句首。
except for 表示“只是,只不过”,主要用来谈论不同类事物。
★小试身手★
Smith is a good man, _______ his bad temper.
A. except B. besides
C. but
_______ money, she also gets the commercial aspirations from her father .
You have no choice _______ work hard.
All compositions are well written _______ yours.
1.(2022·上海普陀·校考模拟预测)You will find that everything is beginning to come to life ________ spring.
A.in B.on C.by D.at
2.(2022·上海徐汇·统考二模)You can always see people exercise in that park, even ________cold winter mornings.
A.on B.in C.at D.from
3.(2022·上海·模拟预测)The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held ________ February 4, 2022.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
4.(2022·上海·模拟预测)The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics opening ceremony will be held ________ Feb. 4th.
A.on B.to C.in D.at
5.(2022·上海闵行·统考二模)The opening ceremony of the 2022 Olympic Winter Games was held in Beijing ________ Feb 4, 2022 and it was so fantastic.
A.in B.at C.on D.by
6.(2022·上海崇明·统考模拟预测)The 24th Winter Olympic Games were held ________ Beijing.
A.on B.from C.in D.during
7.(2022春·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中)All the citizens in Puxi had to stay at home ________ April 1, 2022.
A.at B.on C.by D.in
8.(2022春·上海静安·九年级上海市市西中学校考期中)Maria went to Shanghai to visit the Disneyland with her parents ________ August 8th.
A.on B.in C.at D.by
9.(2023·上海青浦·统考一模)A football match between France and Argentina was held ________ December 18.
A.to B.on C.in D.at
10.(2022·上海杨浦·统考一模)The story of Robinson Crusoe is about a man living ________ a desert island.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
11.In some countries, people play tricks ________ each other ________ April Fool’s Day.
A.with; in B.at; in C.on; on D.to; on
12.—Mrs Wang, when is World Reading Day
—It is ________ April 23 every year.
A.in B.at C.on D.by
13.Now students have more free time ________ night because of the “double reduction” policy.
A.in B.on C.at D.to
14.The plane is flying __________ the clouds.
A.on B.over C.at D.above
15.Over 10,000 runners joined the half marathon in Xianlin, ________ May 7, 2017.
A.in B.on C.at D.by
16.(2022·上海·模拟预测)The ancient Greeks succeeded in capturing the city ________ a trick in only one night.
A.in B.through C.of D.for
17.(2022秋·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期末)It was absolutely impossible to make a fire ______ that cold winter night.
A.on B.in C.of D.by
18.(2022·上海·模拟预测)________ Sunday night, the closing ceremony of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games was held at the National Stadium.
A.At B.On C.In D.To
19.(2023·上海虹口·统考二模)China launched its third aircraft carrier, the Fujian, in Shanghai, ________ June 17, 2022.
A.in B.on C.at D.to
20.(2022·上海宝山·统考二模)_______ a cold night, Simon decided to go out to work to support his family.
A.On B.In C.At D.By
21.(2022·上海松江·统考二模)We will have our next class meeting ________ two weeks’ time.
A.for B.in C.from D.at
22.(2022·上海浦东新·统考模拟预测)How nice it is to walk along the river with friends ________ a warm spring day!
A.at B.in C.with D.on
23.(2023·上海·一模)My classmate, Tom, hopes to become a policeman ________ ten years’ time.
A.before B.for C.in D.during
24.—Excuse me. How does the machine work
—It runs ________ electricity.
A.in B.by C.on D.with
25.(2022秋·上海·九年级期末)—Your sweater looks very nice. What’s it made ________?
—Wool, and it’s made ________ Wuhan.
A.from; on B.of; in
C.of; on D.from; in
26.The astronauts of Shenzhou XIII returned to the mother planet ________ April 16, 2022.
A.in B.on C.at D.to
27.—All the students in our class went to the library ________ Lin Tao. Why
—Because he had a bad cold. He had to stay in bed.
A.with B.beside C.except D.besides
28.—How are you going to meet Gu Ailing at the airport _______ Thursday morning
—I’m going there _______ my car.
A.on; in B.on; by C.in; by D.in; in
29.The sunshine is shining ________ the window. Everything in the room looks so bright.
A.over B.through C.against D.across
30.(2022秋·上海宝山·九年级统考开学考试)The streets were empty _________ a few taxis.
A.except B.besides C.except for D.in addition to
31.—Is there _________ in today’s morning news on CCTV-1
—Yes. France Team beat Republic of Korea Team by 4:0 in the 8th FIFA Women’s World Cup in France _________ June 8, 2019.
A.anything special; on B.something special; in C.special something; on D.anything special; in
32.(2022秋·上海·九年级期中)We can use GPS ________ any time, ________ any place and ________ any weather.
A.in; in; under B.at; in; in C.in; at; in D.at; on; in
33.(2023春·九年级单元测试)The king has a big family, ________ three boys and four girls.
A.including B.include C.included D.includes
34.Both Li Ming and I are _________ our school football team.
A.of B.at C.to D.on
35.I decided to play a joke ________ my sister ________ her birthday.
A.at; at B.on; on C.at; on D.on; at
36.Kunming is a beautiful city ______ the south-west of China.
A.on B.in C.to D.at
37.(2022春·上海闵行·九年级上海市实验学校西校校考期中)The local community center is open_____________ Monday to Saturday.
A.in B.from C.for D.on
38.(2022秋·上海奉贤·九年级校联考期中)It was really kind of him to take the cat to the animal centre _______a rainy night.
A.in B.on C.at D.of
39.(2022·上海杨浦·统考三模)The statue stands ______ a small island in New York harbor, near the great city.
A.above B.in C.at D.on
40.(2023·上海徐汇·统考二模)Picasso, a famous European artist, had a great influence on art ________ the 20th century.
A.at B.in C.on D.from
41.(2022·上海杨浦·统考三模)He thought of ______ up an online store but decided against it.
A.open B.opening C.opened D.to open
42.(2022·上海·统考一模)Some of the stamps are Jack's,and the others belong to_____________.
A.myself B.my C.mine D.me
43.(2022·上海·统考一模)I lost my way ________a rainy night and my mother was quite worried about me.
A.in B.on C.at D.for
44.(2022·上海·模拟预测)The Bund is always crowded with people _________ the nights of National Day.
A.at B.for C.in D.on
45.(2022·上海徐汇·统考二模)________ 32 years old, Professor Wang had written 8 novels, 5 of which are best-sellers.
A.At B.For C.Since D.By
46.(2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市徐汇中学校考期中)Do you think this is a good picture ________ the color, Jenny
A.beside B.besides C.except D.except for
47.(2022秋·上海徐汇·九年级上海市西南位育中学校考期中)—Are you sure everyone has taken the exam ________ Tom
—Of course.
A.except B.except for C.except that D.besides
48.(2022春·上海徐汇·九年级统考期中)Will the three astronauts return to Earth ________ half a month
A.for B.about C.in D.after
49.(2023·上海奉贤·统考二模)It is a Chinese tradition for a family to gather together and stay up late ______ Chinese New Year’s Eve.
A.at B.in C.on D.with
50.—Taiwan and Hong Kong are important parts of China.
—Yes, Taiwan lies ________ the southeast of China and Hong Kong is ________ the south of China.
A.in;on B.to;in C.in;in D.in;to