2024年中考英语二轮复习专题：非谓语动词（上海专用）
·模块一 非谓语之不定式的用法
·模块二 非谓语之动名词的用法
·模块三 分词（现在分词 doing和过去分词 done）
·模块四 非谓语的时态语态
·模块五 2022、2023年上海各区真题综合训练50题
非谓语的三种形式
类别结构 含义 例句
现在分词 doing 主动，进行 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 Do you know the girl standing over there 你认识站在那里的那个女孩吗？
being done 被动，进行 （正在被做） The houses being built now are for the teachers.现在正在建的那些房子是为老师而建的。
(not) having done 主动，完成(否定) Having waited for an hour, he left.等了一个小时后，他离开了。 Not having received a reply, he wrote another letter.没收到回复，他又写了一封信
having been done 被动，完成 Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 虽然被告诉过好多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。
过去分词 done 被动，完成 The story told by Tom is very interesting.汤姆讲得故事非常有趣。 The houses built last year are very big.去年建的那些房子很大。
表所处的状态或特征 Devoted to helping others, he is respected.他致力于帮助别人而受到尊重。 Interested in the book, he wants to buy it. 他对这本书感兴趣想买下来。
不定式 to do 将来，主动 I have much work to do.我有很多工作要做。
to be done 将来，被动 The houses to be built next month are very big.下个月将要被建的那些房子很大。
to have done 完成，主动 使用条件： 1）看结构是否需要； 2）看是否表达过去或完成之意 He’s said to have invented the telephone. 据说他发明了电话。 He is said to have been punished by his leader. 据说他已经受到了他领导的惩罚。
不定式 to do
不定式结构作主语
To see is to believe.
It is better to see something once than to hear about it a hundred times.
百闻不如一见。
在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：
It’s a great pleasure to be here.
It is not an easy thing to master a language.
★区分用法★
直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。
如主语和表语都是to do，则只能采用第一种形式。
对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
如是疑问句或感叹句，则只能采用第二种形式。
如：What is it like to be there
What a joy it was to read Barak’s book!
用It is+形容词作表语时，由于逻辑主语不同导致的for和of的区别。
for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，
如：difficult, interesting, easy, impossible等。.
of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，
如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish等。
★小试身手★
To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love.
喜欢跳舞是谈情说爱的一个步骤。
对他来说，学两门外语是很困难的。
It’s very difficult for him to learn two languages.
你能这么说很有礼貌。
It’s very polite of you to say so.
★真题试炼★
It’s important ___ B__ the piano well.
A. of him to play B. for him to play C. of him playing D. for him playing
It’s wrong ___A __ her like that.
A. of you to treat B. for you to treat C. of you treating D. for you treating
不定式结构作表语
主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
那样做无疑是削足适履。
不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录)
不定式结构作定语
用法 例句
及物动词to do出现在名词后面。 动宾关系 He always has a lot of meetings to attend. Have you got anything to say at the meeting
主谓关系 She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.
不及物动词to do出现在名词后面且带上相应的介词。 Let’s first find a room to live in. / to put the things in. We have nothing to worry about.
Attention 但前面被修饰的名词是place/time/way时可省略不及物动词的介词。 I think the best way to travel is by air. We have no place to live.
★小试身手★
了解一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间.
The best way to know a person is to live with him/her for some time.
你有什么可以吃的东西吗
Do you have anything to eat
许多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.
Many old people cannot find a place to spend the rest of their life.
不定式结构作状语
基本用法：不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
表示目的
They ran over to welcome the delegates.
Attention
in order to do 常置于句首用来强调目的。
so as to/so….as to 表示目的，不可以置于句首。
★小试身手★
为了能够准时到达那里，我们必须现在出发
In order to get there on time, we must set off now.
为了款待重要客人，他从英国请了管家。
In order to treat the important guests, he hired a housekeeper from the UK
他们一大早出发为了能赶上首班车。
They set out in the early morning so as to catch the first bus.
表示结果
so …as to … 如此……以至于
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time
such (…) as to … 如此……以至于
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
enough to … 足以
The boy is old enough to go to school.
too … to … 太……以至于不能
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
only to 不料却……，结果却…… 不定式之前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语气
I bought expensive tickets to the theatre, only to discover that the show was boring.
★小试身手★
你说这些话只会把大家弄得更加紧张。
You said these only to make everyone more nervous.
她太小了不能看这个暴力电影。
She is too young to watch this violent movie.
Attention :
但是too….to结构前如果出现but, never, only等词时则表示肯定。
活到老学到老。
It’s never too old/late to learn.
不定式结构作宾语补足语
非谓语做宾补的用法。
结构 含义 举例
see + 宾语 + do 看见（宾语）做……了 see him go to the office
see +宾语 + doing 看见（宾语）正在做 see him going to the office
see +宾语 + being done 看见（宾语）正在被做 see him being bitten by a dog
see +宾语 + done 看见（宾语）被做 see him bitten by a dog
不定式to do（do）做宾补表示“要去做”。
结构 例词 例句
动词+宾语+ to do ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, 等表示劝请、要求、喜好类 I want both of you to go. The teacher told us to do exercise one.
do 做宾补表示“全过程”。
动词+宾语+do（省略to） 一“感”： feel 二“听”： hear / listen to 三“使”： have / make / let 四“看”： see / watch / notice / find I saw my daughter enter the classroom, sit in a chair, open her English book and begin to read Chapter 15.
1.作为主语：
Singing is my passion.（唱歌是我的热情所在。）
Swimming is great exercise.（游泳是很好的锻炼。）
2.作为宾语：
I enjoy reading books.（我喜欢读书。）
They don't mind waiting for the bus.（他们不介意等公交车。）
3.作为表语：
Her hobby is dancing.（她的爱好是跳舞。）
The best part of traveling is experiencing new cultures.（旅行最棒的部分就是体验新文化。）
需要注意的是，动名词虽然是动词形式，但在这些情况下它们起到名词的作用。因此，它们可以在句子中扮演名词的各种功能。
动名词作主语的具体用法
在英语中的考试中，非谓语动词的动名词是指以 "-ing" 结尾的动词形式，它可以作为名词在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语等。
下面是一些例句来说明动名词的用法：
1.单个动名词作主语：
Swimming is a good exercise.（游泳是一种很好的运动。）
Singing makes me happy.（唱歌让我快乐。）
Reading helps improve vocabulary.（阅读有助于提高词汇量。）
2.动名词短语作主语：
Playing video games all day is not productive.（整天玩电子游戏没有效率。）
Going for a walk in the morning is refreshing.（早上去散步很提神。）
Traveling to new places broadens your horizons.（到新地方旅行能开阔你的眼界。）
需要注意的是，在动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常使用单数形式。
动名词做宾语的具体用法
1.动词 + 动名词作宾语：
I enjoy reading books.（我喜欢读书。）
She suggested watching a movie.（她建议看电影。）
They avoid eating fast food.（他们避免吃快餐。）
2.带有介词的动词 + 动名词作宾语：
He apologized for being late.（他为迟到而道歉。）
She is thinking about changing her job.（她正在考虑换工作。）
We are interested in learning new skills.（我们对学习新技能感兴趣。）
需要注意的是，在某些情况下，动词后面的动名词可以使用不定式来代替，但含义可能会略有不同。
3.动名词作为宾语可以与许多动词固定搭配使用。
以下是一些常见的动词和动名词的固定搭配：
喜欢（enjoy）：
enjoy reading（喜欢读书）
enjoy cooking（喜欢做饭）
enjoy playing sports（喜欢运动）
建议（suggest）：
suggest going out for dinner（建议出去吃晚饭）
suggest watching a movie（建议看电影）
suggest taking a break（建议休息一下）
避免（avoid）：
avoid eating junk food（避免吃垃圾食品）
avoid making mistakes（避免犯错误）
avoid using plastic bags（避免使用塑料袋）
喜欢（like）：
like swimming（喜欢游泳）
like dancing（喜欢跳舞）
like hiking（喜欢徒步旅行）
讨厌（hate）：
hate cleaning（讨厌打扫卫生）
hate studying（讨厌学习）
hate waiting（讨厌等待）
动名词短语作定语的具体用法：
A running river flows through the city.（一条流动的河流穿过这座城市。）
I bought a sleeping bag for camping.（我买了一个露营用的睡袋。）
She wore a swimming suit to the beach.（她穿着泳衣去海滩。）
动词 + 动名词作定语：
The walking trail is beautiful.（这条步行小径很美。）
He has a running nose.（他流鼻涕。）
We need a working computer.（我们需要一台工作正常的电脑。）
需要注意的是，动名词作为定语时通常位于被修饰名词之前。
动名词作主语的表语的具体用法：
Swimming is my favorite hobby.（游泳是我的最爱。）
Running is good exercise.（跑步是一种好的锻炼。）
Studying is important for academic success.（学习对于学业成功很重要。）
动词 + 动名词作表语：
Her favorite activity is dancing.（她最喜欢的活动是跳舞。）
His job is teaching English.（他的工作是教英语。）
Their main focus is improving customer satisfaction.（他们的主要关注点是提高客户满意度。）
需要注意的是，动名词作为表语时通常与系动词（如be动词）连用。
现在分词和过去分词结构作定语
分词做定语的基本含义。
分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。这两种在句子中能担任的成分大体相同。
现在分词一般有主动的意思
过去分词一般有被动的意思
用现在分词做定语的句子（表示主动） 用过去分词做定语的句子
He is an interesting man. The house standing there belongs to me. Interested members will meet at two. The house built last year is very beautiful.
分词作定语的重要知识点：
单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如：
现在分词：touching story / leading cadres / shining example / coming week /
过去分词：skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water / steamed bread
Barking dogs seldom bite.
Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the banquet hall.
Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door
They built a highway leading (= which leads) into the mountains.
★小试身手★
写出下列短语的意思
the rising sun 旭日
fallen leaves 落叶
faded flowers 凋零的花
returned students 海归
retired workers 退休工人
the exploded bomb 已爆炸弹
departed friends 离去的朋友
把分词做定语改成定语从句或者定语从句改成分词作定语
They are problems left over by history.
They are the problems which were left by history.
Have you read any short stories which were written by Lu Xun
Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun
developing countries = countries that are developing
a city that is growing =a growing city
作定语的现在分词和过去分词所表示的动作发生的时间不同
表示正在进行的动作, (变为从句时要用进行时态), 如：
Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise.
Did you see the man talking (who was talking) to the manager
表示经常性的动作, 或现在 (或当时) 的状态, (变为从句时, 用一般时态), 如：
They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south.
The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955.
过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：
The meeting held(which was held) last week is very important.
He is a man loved (who is loved)by all.
Attention ：
如果所表示的动作现在正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示，如：
The meeting being held is very important.
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.(discuss)
Attention ：
如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如：
The meeting to be held next week is very important.
★小试身手★
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. (discuss)
Please tell me the subjects discussed last week. (discuss)
Do you know the meeting being discussed now is held by Peter (discuss)
现在分词作状语
现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成。
现在分词作伴随状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况，如：
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
They stood there for an hour watching the game.
Attention ：
a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；
b. 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的；
c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；
d. 大部分放在谓语之后；
e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。
现在分词作原因状语，表示原因或理由，如：
Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：
Because she saw nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
Because we didn’t know her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
Attention
如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：
Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.
Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.
现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如：
Turning around, she saw a police car driving up.
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：
When she turned around ,she saw a police car driving up.
When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.
Attention ：
这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作立即发生。这类分词一般放在句首。如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用 when 或 while + 分词这种结构，如：
Be careful when crossing the street.
Don’t mention this while talking to him.
现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步，如：
Working hard, you will succeed. (条件)
Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. (让步)
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：
If you work hard, you will succeed.
Although the stone weighs almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
现在分词的完成形式和被动形式
分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，如：
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.
Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away
过去分词作状语
（1）过去分词短语作状语，可以修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况，如：
Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old.
The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs.
（2）过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句），如：
He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：
He soon fell asleep as/because he was exhausted by the journey.
（3）过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句），如：
United, we stand; divided, we fall.
Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：
If we are united ,we stand; If we are divided, we fall.
When/If the park is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
Attention ：
过去分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上when, if, while, though, as if 等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为 “主语 + be 的多种形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同，如：
If / When heated, water changes into steam.
The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to.
试试看把它们补充完整：
If/when water is heated, it changed into steam.
The girl is very shy, and never speaks until she is spoken to.
Attention ：
在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致.
过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；
而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。
★小试身手★
试一试：判断下列句子中分词充当什么状语，并且看看可不可以转化成相应状语从句。
Every evening they sat on the sofa watching TV. 表伴随
I got home, feeling very tired. 表伴随
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 表原因
Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up. 表时间
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 表条件/时间
to do
一般 进行 完成
主动 to do to be doing to have done
被动 to be done / to have been done
★小试身手★
能被邀请来做演讲是我的荣幸。
It’s my honor to be invited to make this speech.
老板经过他身边时，他假装正在打电话。
When the boss passed by, he pretended to be making a phone call.
他们似乎在发薪日前就花光了上个月的工资。
They seemed to have spent up last month’s salary before the pay day.
doing
一般（与谓语动词同时发生） 完成（在谓语动词之前发生）
主动 doing having done
被动 being done having been done
done
过去分词done的一般情况即表示“被动、完成”的含义，所以没有时态语态变化。
★小试身手★
To earn(earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started to work in a local café as a waiter.
目的状语
2. The most common mistakes leading (lead) to a bad back are poor body mechanics and unhealthy habits. 定语
3. We teenagers often think that parents are conservative (保守的), and they know nothing about us, but honestly, we’re actually still too young to know (know) what’s really best for us. 结果状语
4. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty adapting (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. 宾语
5. Wondering (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. 原因状语
6. The Flakes brought along a lobster (龙虾) trap in hopes of having some delicious treats, but it was lost within the first few hours after being attacked(attack) by a shark.
7. “I think she would like you to have it.” Shocked (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away. 伴随状语
8. Having endured (endure) too many of these tragedies in the past few years, each time I learn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would — as a parent. And that was especially true today.
9. He has a constant urge to check (check) for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! 定语
10. Many researchers claim to have found(find) relationships between left-handedness and various physical and mental characteristics. 宾语
11. The cities experiencing (experience) the highest annual growth in office rental rates are both in South Africa with 40 percent rate rise for Durban and 44 percent for Sandton. 定语
1．（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级位育中学校考期中）I’m seeing a patient. Would you mind ________ outside for a moment
A．wait B．waiting C．to wait D．has waited
2．（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级位育中学校考期中）Keeping pets ________ us know a lot about how to care for others.
A．helps B．help C．helping D．helped
3．（2024上·上海青浦·九年级统考期末）The charity organization has made a promise ________ 5 million trees in this area by 2025.
A．plant B．to plant C．planting D．planted
4．（2024上·上海金山·九年级统考期末）Would you mind ________ us something about the Environmental Day in your school
A．tell B．telling C．told D．to tell
5．（2023·上海松江·统考二模）Milk tea in that shop is very popular. Many people wish ________ a try.
A．have B．having C．had D．to have
6．（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）Jim says he doesn’t mind _______ the office with the new employee in the company.
A．to share B．to sharing C．share D．sharing
7．（2023·上海普陀·统考二模）I kept ________ where I had put my 3D-glasses.
A．wonder B．wondering C．to wonder D．wondered
8．（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）Mrs Black always makes her little son ________ his bedroom at weekends.
A．to tidy B．tidying C．tidy D．tidies
9．（2024上·上海金山·九年级统考期末）The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers ________ halfway.
A．give up B．to give up C．giving up D．gave up
10．（2023·上海静安·统考二模）I am looking forward to ________ new progress on my study in the following months.
A．make B．made C．making D．makes
11．（2023·上海杨浦·统考三模）I asked Uncle Tom to stop ________ because he didn’t feel well.
A．to smoke B．smoke C．smoking D．smoked
12．（2023·上海黄浦·统考三模）I’m really looking forward ________ with you on the project.
A．work B．to work C．working D．to working
13．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校联考期中）Peter considers ________ a pet dog so that he won’t feel lonely at home.
A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．to keep
14．（2024上·上海虹口·九年级统考期末）Judy suggests _________ money for the homeless children after the earthquake.
A．raise B．raising C．to raise D．raised
15．（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级校联考期末）Pansy denied ______ an article about detectives on the computer last week.
A．write B．to write C．writing D．to writing
16．（2024上·上海黄浦·九年级统考期末）We don’t have to waste our time ________ food in the kitchen all day long.
A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing D．to preparing
17．（2024上·上海闵行·九年级统考期末）Both of the twin boys denied ________ the windows of the living room.
A．break B．broke C．to break D．breaking
18．（2024上·上海闵行·九年级统考期末）Many children expect _________ the ability to help others like superheroes.
A．have B．had C．to have D．having
19．（2023·上海松江·统考二模）Peter finished ________ the speech with his teacher’s help.
A．write B．written C．writing D．to write
20．（2023·上海金山·统考二模）It is difficult for most of us ________ without electricity in the modern society.
A．live B．living C．to live D．lived
21．（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Working in the field for a whole day let the children ________ the farmers’ hard life.
A．understand B．to understand C．understood D．understanding
22．（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Would you mind ________ our seats I can’t see the screen clearly.
A．exchange B．exchanged C．to exchange D．exchanging
23．（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）Ben’s parents told him alone because he’s too young and it’s not safe.
A．not traveling B．not to travel C．not travel D．no traveling
24．（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）Marco’s parents expected him _______ a doctor, but he turned out to be an architect.
A．be B．to be C．being D．to being
25．（2023·上海普陀·统考二模）The headmaster asked Ken _______ charge of the Science Club this year.
A．take B．taking C．took D．to take
26．（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）I’m sorry I have kept you ________ for such a long time. The traffic was terrible.
A．waiting B．wait C．waited D．to wait
27．（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Would you mind ________ care of my cat when I am away on the business trip
A．take B．to take C．took D．taking
28．（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Ms White made me ________ the difficult chemistry problem all by myself.
A．work out B．to work out C．worked out D．working out
29．（2023·上海静安·统考二模）Be careful! Never let such a spelling mistake ________ again in the coming test.
A．to appear B．appears C．appear D．appearing
30．（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Don’t forget ________ all the windows when you leave the classroom.
A．close B．closed C．closing D．to close
31．（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Shy students usually try to avoid ________ eye contact with strangers at parties.
A．make B．to make C．making D．made
32．（2023·上海浦东新·统考三模）In the past, people often used stones ________ houses, but now they use bricks instead.
A．building B．to build C．build D．built
33．（2023·上海浦东新·统考三模）What a fine day! I suggest ________ kites in the Century Park after lunch.
A．flying B．flew C．fly D．to fly
34．（2024上·上海虹口·九年级统考期末）Online museums allow people ________ art and learn about world history from the comfort of their homes.
A．to experience B．to experiencing C．experience D．experiencing
35．（2023·上海杨浦·统考三模）I got a repairman ________ my bicycle. The brake (刹车) didn’t work.
A．to fix B．fix C．fixing D．fixed
36．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级统考期中）Tom told a joke in class and made all of us _______ a lot.
A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughing D．laughed
37．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级统考期中）Many people ________ in Shanghai after spending several years here.
A．used to live B．used to living
C．are used to live D．are used to living
38．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期中）Susan finally became a popular singer after she practiced ________ for years.
A．sing B．to sing C．singing D．sang
39．（2023上·上海黄浦·九年级统考期中）Jenny denied ________ anything about the missing purse yesterday afternoon.
A．know B．to know C．knowing D．knew
40．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校联考期中）Yesterday I got up early ________ be late for the lecture made by a well-known professor.
A．in order to B．so as not to C．in order to not D．so that
41．（2023上·上海杨浦·九年级统考期中）Our skiing coach warned us ________ straight down the hill.
A．not go B．not going C．not to go D．don’t go
42．（2023上·上海静安·九年级校考期中）Parents often expect their children ________ all the things that they couldn’t do in the past.
A．to do B．doing C．did D．do
43．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年级校考期末）If I can’t finish ________ the report, I won’t go to the cinema with you tomorrow.
A．type B．typed C．to type D．typing
44．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年级校考期末）Alice is practicing ________ in the music room because she will give a performance at the School Art Festival.
A．singing B．sang C．to sing D．sings
45．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年级校考期末）In my opinion, one of the best ways to lose weight is ________ regularly.
A．exercise B．to exercise C．exercised D．exercises
46．（2023上·上海杨浦·九年级统考期末）After hours of questioning, the suspect finally admitted ________ the woman’s purse.
A．steal B．to steal C．stealing D．stole
47．（2023上·上海杨浦·九年级统考期末）It took me lots of time ________ a big meal for ten people and I was happy that everyone enjoyed it.
A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing D．prepared
48．（2024上·上海浦东新·九年级统考期末）At first, the suspect kept silent and didn’t admit ________ the lady’s purse.
A．steal B．to steal C．stealing D．stole
49．（2024上·上海长宁·九年级统考期末）Our class teacher always reminds us ________ over our lessons after class every day.
A．to go B．go C．going D．went
50．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期中）I will spend as much time as I can _________ the lesson.
A．go over B．to go over C．going over D．gone over
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】句意：我正在看病人。你介意到外边等我一会吗？
考查动名词作宾语。短语“介意做某事”英文表达为 mind doing，用动名词作宾语。故选B。
2．A
【详解】句意：养宠物有助于我们了解如何照顾他人。
考查动名词作主语。根据“Keeping pets”，可知该句为动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数helps。故选A。
3．B
【详解】句意：这个慈善机构已经承诺2025年之前在这片区域种植500万棵树。
考查非谓语动词。make a promise to do sth.“承诺做某事”，应用动词不定式，故选B。
4．B
【详解】句意：你介意给我们介绍一下你们学校的环境日吗？
考查非谓语动词。mind doing sth“介意做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动名词作宾语。故选B。
5．D
【详解】句意：那家商店的奶茶非常受欢迎。许多人希望尝一尝。
考查非谓语动词。have a try尝一尝；have动词原形，having现在分词；had过去式；to have不定式。wish to do sth.希望做某事，所以填动词不定式to have。故选 D。
6．D
【详解】句意：吉姆说他不介意和公司的新员工共用一间办公室。
考查动名词作宾语。mind doing sth“介意做某事”，故选D。
7．B
【详解】句意：我一直在想我把3D眼镜放在哪里了。
考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知此处使用短语keep doing“一直做某事”，应用动名词作宾语。故选B。
8．C
【详解】句意：布莱克夫人总是在周末让她的小儿子整理他的卧室。
考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，省略to的不定式作宾补。故选C。
9．A
【详解】句意：暴风雪使登山者半途而废。
考查动词不定式。give up“放弃”，根据“made”可知考查made sb do“使得某人……”，后接不带to的不定式作宾补。故选A。
10．C
【详解】句意：我期待着在接下来的几个月里在学习上取得新的进步。
考查动名词。根据句中的“looking forward to”可知，look forward to doing sth.意为“期待做某事”，to为介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故选C。
11．C
【详解】句意：我叫汤姆叔叔戒烟，因为他感觉不舒服。
考查非谓语。根据“I asked Uncle Tom to stop...because he didn’t feel well.”可知，此处指的是“停止吸烟”，stop doing sth“停止做某事”，故选C。
12．D
【详解】句意：我真的很期待和你一起做这个项目。
考查固定搭配。根据短语look forward to doing sth.“期待做某事”，固定搭配，可知，此处应用介词加动词ing形式。故选D。
13．B
【详解】句意：Peter考虑养一只宠物狗，这样他在家里就不会感到孤独了。
考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth.表示“考虑做某事”，空处应用动名词作宾语。故选B。
14．B
【详解】句意：朱迪建议为地震后无家可归的孩子们筹款。
考查非谓语动词。suggest doing sth“建议做某事”，故选B。
15．C
【详解】句意：上周潘西否认在电脑上写过一篇关于侦探的文章。
考查非谓语动词。deny doing sth.“否认做过某事”，此处用动名词作宾语。故选C。
16．C
【详解】句意：我们不用浪费时间整天在厨房里准备食物。
考查非谓语动词。根据“waste our time ... food”可知，此处是waste time doing sth“浪费时间做某事”，空处用动名词。故选C。
17．D
【详解】句意：这对双胞胎男孩都否认打破了客厅的窗户。
考查动名词。break打破，动词原形；broke打破，动词过去式；to break打破，动词不定式；breaking打破，动名词。deny doing sth.“否认做某事”。故选D。
18．C
【详解】句意：许多孩子期望有能力像超级英雄一样帮助别人。
考查非谓语动词。expect to do sth.“期望做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语，故选C。
19．C
【详解】句意：皮特在老师的帮助下写完了他的演讲稿。
考查非谓语动词。根据题干可知，此处考查finish doing sth“做完某事”， 因此这里应用动名词形式。故选C。
20．C
【详解】句意：在现代社会，没有电对我们大多数人来说是很难生活的。
考查形式主语的句型。It is+adj+for sb.to do sth.意为“做某事对某人来说是怎么样的”。由题干可知，此题缺少不定式“to do sth.”，是真正的主语。故选C。
21．A
【详解】句意：在地里干了一整天，让孩子们了解了农民的艰苦生活。
考查非谓语动词。let sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，固定用法。故选A。
22．D
【详解】句意：你介意调换我们的座位吗？我看不清屏幕。
考查动名词。短语mind doing sth意为“介意做某事”，空处应填动名词作宾语。故选D。
23．B
【详解】句意：本的父母告诉他不要独自旅行，因为他太小了，不安全。
考查非谓语动词。句子考查tell sb. not to do意为“告诉某人不要做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。
24．B
【详解】句意：马可的父母希望他成为一名医生，但他却成为了一名建筑师。
考查非谓语动词。expect sb to do sth“期待某人做某事”，使用动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。
25．D
【详解】句意：校长要求肯负责今年的科学俱乐部。
考查非谓语动词。短语ask sb to do sth表示“要求某人做某事”，其后接不定式。故选D。
26．A
【详解】句意：对不起，我让你等了这么长时间。交通非常糟糕。
考查现在分词作宾补。waiting动词现在分词/动名词；wait等待，动词。waited动词过去式/过去分词；to wait动词不定式。根据语境可知，交通很拥堵，可推测此处是让对方一直等待了很长时间，keep sb doing sth表示“使某人一直做某事”，使役动词keep后需填现在分词，作宾补，waiting“等待”为动词wait的现在分词。故选A。
27．D
【详解】句意：你介意在我出差时照顾我的猫吗？
考查非谓语动词。mind doing sth“介意做某事”，是固定表达，故选D。
28．A
【详解】句意：怀特老师让我自己解决这道化学难题。
考查非谓语。make sb do sth“使某人做某事”，是固定表达，故选A。
29．C
【详解】句意：小心点！在即将到来的考试中，决不能让这样的拼写错误再次出现。
考查非谓语动词形式。根据“let such a spelling mistake”可知，句中的let为使役动词，后跟省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故选C。
30．D
【详解】句意：当你离开教室时，别忘了关上所有的窗户。
考查非谓语动词和动词短语。close“关上”，forget to do sth“忘记去做某事”，表示还没有做，忘了去做；forget doing sth“忘记做过某事”，表示做过的事，忘记了。根据“when you leave the classroom”可知，你离开教室的时候，不要忘了去关窗户，因此用forget to close，故选D。
31．C
【详解】句意：害羞的学生通常在聚会上尽量避免与陌生人进行眼神交流。
考查非谓语动词。根据avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”可知，此空应填动名词making作宾语。故选C。
32．B
【详解】句意：在过去，人们经常用石头盖房子，但现在他们用砖代替。
考查非谓语动词。根据use sth. to do sth.“使用某物做某事”可知，此处要用不定式作宾补。故选B。
33．A
【详解】句意：多好的天气啊！我建议午饭后去世纪公园放风筝。
考查非谓语动词。根据suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”可知，此处应用动名词作宾语。故选A。
34．A
【详解】句意：在线博物馆让人们可以在家里舒适地体验艺术和了解世界历史。
考查动词形式。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾补。故选A。
35．A
【详解】句意：我请了一个修理工来修理我的自行车。刹车失灵了。
考查非谓语动词。根据“The brake (刹车) didn’t work.”及句子结构可知，这里是请了一个修理工来修理我的自行车，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。
36．A
【详解】句意：汤姆在课堂上讲了一个笑话，把我们大家都逗笑了。
考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
37．D
【详解】句意：许多人在上海住了几年以后，已经习惯了生活在这里。
考查used to do和be used to doing。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”，be used to doing sth.“习惯做某事”，排除选项B和C。根据“Many people...in Shanghai after spending several years here.”可知，此处应是表示很多人在上海生活了几年以后，也就习惯了上海的生活，“are used to living”符合语境。故选D。
38．C
【详解】句意：苏珊练习唱歌多年后，终于成为一名受欢迎的歌手。
考查非谓语动词。practice doing sth.“练习做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选C。
39．C
【详解】句意：昨天下午，珍妮否认知道钱包丢失的事。
考查动名词的用法。短语deny doing sth.“否认做过某事”为固定搭配，此处表达“珍妮否认自己了解丢钱包这件事情”。故选C。
40．B
【详解】句意：昨天我起得很早，为的是不迟到听一位著名教授的讲座。
考查介词短语。in order to为了；so as not to为了不；in order not to为了不，因此C项表达错误；so that以便于，后跟句子；结合句意，早起的目的是为了不迟到，故选B。
41．C
【详解】句意：我们滑雪教练警告我们不要直接下山。
考查非谓语动词。warn sb. not to do sth.意为“警告某人不做某事”，故选C。
42．A
【详解】句意：父母经常期望他们的孩子做所有他们过去做不到的事情。
考查非谓语动词。expect sb. to do sth.意为“期望某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选A。
43．D
【详解】句意：如果我打不完报告，我明天就不和你去看电影了。
考查非谓语动词。type打字，原形；typed过去式；to type不定式；typing动名词或现在分词。finish doing sth.“完成做某事”，因此type用动名词形式。故选D。
44．A
【详解】句意：Alice正在音乐室练习唱歌，因为她将在学校艺术节上表演。
考查非谓语动词。practice doing sth.“练习做某事”，此空需要动名词形式。故选A。
45．B
【详解】句意：在我看来，减肥最好的方法之一就是经常锻炼。
考查非谓语动词。根据“one of the best ways to lose weight is”可知这里用to引导的动词不定式形式作is的表语，构成系表结构。故选B。
46．C
【详解】句意：经过几个小时的盘问，嫌疑犯终于承认偷了那个女人的钱包。
考查非谓语动词。steal“偷窃”，动词原形；to steal“偷窃”，动词不定式；stealing“偷窃”，现在分词或动名词；stole“偷窃”，过去式。根据空前admitted可知，此处考查admit doing sth.“承认做过某事”，此处应用steal的动名词形式stealing作宾语。故选C。
47．B
【详解】句意：我花了很多时间为十个人准备了一顿大餐，我很高兴每个人都吃得很开心。
考查非谓语动词。“It takes sb.+一段时间+to do sth.”为固定句型，表示“做某事花了某人多长时间”，动词不定式是真正的主语，it作形式主语。故选B。
48．C
【详解】句意：起初，嫌疑人保持沉默，不承认偷了这位女士的钱包。
考查非谓语动词。admit doing sth.“承认做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选C。
49．A
【详解】句意：我们的老师总是每天提醒我们在课后复习我们的课。
考查非谓语动词。remind sb. to do“提醒某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。
50．C
【详解】句意：我将尽可能花费多的时间复习功课。
考查非谓语动词。根据“as much time as I can”可知，指的是尽可能花费多的时间。spend...(in) doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”。故选C。2024年中考英语二轮复习专题：非谓语动词（上海专用）
·模块一 非谓语之不定式的用法
·模块二 非谓语之动名词的用法
·模块三 分词（现在分词 doing和过去分词 done）
·模块四 非谓语的时态语态
·模块五 2022、2023年上海各区真题综合训练50题
非谓语的三种形式
类别结构 含义 例句
现在分词 doing 主动，进行 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 Do you know the girl standing over there 你认识站在那里的那个女孩吗？
being done 被动，进行 （正在被做） The houses being built now are for the teachers.现在正在建的那些房子是为老师而建的。
(not) having done 主动，完成(否定) Having waited for an hour, he left.等了一个小时后，他离开了。 Not having received a reply, he wrote another letter.没收到回复，他又写了一封信
having been done 被动，完成 Having been told many times, he still made the same mistake. 虽然被告诉过好多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。
过去分词 done 被动，完成 The story told by Tom is very interesting.汤姆讲得故事非常有趣。 The houses built last year are very big.去年建的那些房子很大。
表所处的状态或特征 Devoted to helping others, he is respected.他致力于帮助别人而受到尊重。 Interested in the book, he wants to buy it. 他对这本书感兴趣想买下来。
不定式 to do 将来，主动 I have much work to do.我有很多工作要做。
to be done 将来，被动 The houses to be built next month are very big.下个月将要被建的那些房子很大。
to have done 完成，主动 使用条件： 1）看结构是否需要； 2）看是否表达过去或完成之意 He’s said to have invented the telephone. 据说他发明了电话。 He is said to have been punished by his leader. 据说他已经受到了他领导的惩罚。
不定式 to do
不定式结构作主语
To see is to believe.
It is better to see something once than to hear about it a hundred times.
百闻不如一见。
在很多情况下，特别是在口语中，常采用先行it代替主语，而把不定式后置：
It’s a great pleasure to be here.
It is not an easy thing to master a language.
★区分用法★
直接用不定式做主语的句子显得更加正式。
如主语和表语都是to do，则只能采用第一种形式。
对敌人仁慈就是对人民残忍。
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
如是疑问句或感叹句，则只能采用第二种形式。
如：What is it like to be there
What a joy it was to read Barak’s book!
用It is+形容词作表语时，由于逻辑主语不同导致的for和of的区别。
for sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，
如：difficult, interesting, easy, impossible等。.
of sb.句型中的形容词一般为表示性格、品德、心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，
如：good, kind, nice, clever, foolish等。
★小试身手★
To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love.
喜欢跳舞是谈情说爱的一个步骤。
对他来说，学两门外语是很困难的。
It’s very difficult for him to learn two languages.
你能这么说很有礼貌。
It’s very polite of you to say so.
★真题试炼★
It’s important ___ B__ the piano well.
A. of him to play B. for him to play C. of him playing D. for him playing
It’s wrong ___A __ her like that.
A. of you to treat B. for you to treat C. of you treating D. for you treating
不定式结构作表语
主语和表语都是不定式（其含义往往一是条件，一是结果），如：
To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.
那样做无疑是削足适履。
不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录)
不定式结构作定语
用法 例句
及物动词to do出现在名词后面。 动宾关系 He always has a lot of meetings to attend. Have you got anything to say at the meeting
主谓关系 She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.
不及物动词to do出现在名词后面且带上相应的介词。 Let’s first find a room to live in. / to put the things in. We have nothing to worry about.
Attention 但前面被修饰的名词是place/time/way时可省略不及物动词的介词。 I think the best way to travel is by air. We have no place to live.
★小试身手★
了解一个人最好的方法是和他/她生活一段时间.
The best way to know a person is to live with him/her for some time.
你有什么可以吃的东西吗
Do you have anything to eat
许多老人找不到可以安度晚年的地方.
Many old people cannot find a place to spend the rest of their life.
不定式结构作状语
基本用法：不定式结构可以作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词等表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
表示目的
They ran over to welcome the delegates.
Attention
in order to do 常置于句首用来强调目的。
so as to/so….as to 表示目的，不可以置于句首。
★小试身手★
为了能够准时到达那里，我们必须现在出发
In order to get there on time, we must set off now.
为了款待重要客人，他从英国请了管家。
In order to treat the important guests, he hired a housekeeper from the UK
他们一大早出发为了能赶上首班车。
They set out in the early morning so as to catch the first bus.
表示结果
so …as to … 如此……以至于
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time
such (…) as to … 如此……以至于
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
enough to … 足以
The boy is old enough to go to school.
too … to … 太……以至于不能
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
only to 不料却……，结果却…… 不定式之前有时可以加上only或but only，以加强语气
I bought expensive tickets to the theatre, only to discover that the show was boring.
★小试身手★
你说这些话只会把大家弄得更加紧张。
You said these only to make everyone more nervous.
她太小了不能看这个暴力电影。
She is too young to watch this violent movie.
Attention :
但是too….to结构前如果出现but, never, only等词时则表示肯定。
活到老学到老。
It’s never too old/late to learn.
不定式结构作宾语补足语
非谓语做宾补的用法。
结构 含义 举例
see + 宾语 + do 看见（宾语）做……了 see him go to the office
see +宾语 + doing 看见（宾语）正在做 see him going to the office
see +宾语 + being done 看见（宾语）正在被做 see him being bitten by a dog
see +宾语 + done 看见（宾语）被做 see him bitten by a dog
不定式to do（do）做宾补表示“要去做”。
结构 例词 例句
动词+宾语+ to do ask, invite, tell, want, encourage, wish, expect, beg, request, require, advise, order, force, 等表示劝请、要求、喜好类 I want both of you to go. The teacher told us to do exercise one.
do 做宾补表示“全过程”。
动词+宾语+do（省略to） 一“感”： feel 二“听”： hear / listen to 三“使”： have / make / let 四“看”： see / watch / notice / find I saw my daughter enter the classroom, sit in a chair, open her English book and begin to read Chapter 15.
1.作为主语：
Singing is my passion.（唱歌是我的热情所在。）
Swimming is great exercise.（游泳是很好的锻炼。）
2.作为宾语：
I enjoy reading books.（我喜欢读书。）
They don't mind waiting for the bus.（他们不介意等公交车。）
3.作为表语：
Her hobby is dancing.（她的爱好是跳舞。）
The best part of traveling is experiencing new cultures.（旅行最棒的部分就是体验新文化。）
需要注意的是，动名词虽然是动词形式，但在这些情况下它们起到名词的作用。因此，它们可以在句子中扮演名词的各种功能。
动名词作主语的具体用法
在英语中的考试中，非谓语动词的动名词是指以 "-ing" 结尾的动词形式，它可以作为名词在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语等。
下面是一些例句来说明动名词的用法：
1.单个动名词作主语：
Swimming is a good exercise.（游泳是一种很好的运动。）
Singing makes me happy.（唱歌让我快乐。）
Reading helps improve vocabulary.（阅读有助于提高词汇量。）
2.动名词短语作主语：
Playing video games all day is not productive.（整天玩电子游戏没有效率。）
Going for a walk in the morning is refreshing.（早上去散步很提神。）
Traveling to new places broadens your horizons.（到新地方旅行能开阔你的眼界。）
需要注意的是，在动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常使用单数形式。
动名词做宾语的具体用法
1.动词 + 动名词作宾语：
I enjoy reading books.（我喜欢读书。）
She suggested watching a movie.（她建议看电影。）
They avoid eating fast food.（他们避免吃快餐。）
2.带有介词的动词 + 动名词作宾语：
He apologized for being late.（他为迟到而道歉。）
She is thinking about changing her job.（她正在考虑换工作。）
We are interested in learning new skills.（我们对学习新技能感兴趣。）
需要注意的是，在某些情况下，动词后面的动名词可以使用不定式来代替，但含义可能会略有不同。
3.动名词作为宾语可以与许多动词固定搭配使用。
以下是一些常见的动词和动名词的固定搭配：
喜欢（enjoy）：
enjoy reading（喜欢读书）
enjoy cooking（喜欢做饭）
enjoy playing sports（喜欢运动）
建议（suggest）：
suggest going out for dinner（建议出去吃晚饭）
suggest watching a movie（建议看电影）
suggest taking a break（建议休息一下）
避免（avoid）：
avoid eating junk food（避免吃垃圾食品）
avoid making mistakes（避免犯错误）
avoid using plastic bags（避免使用塑料袋）
喜欢（like）：
like swimming（喜欢游泳）
like dancing（喜欢跳舞）
like hiking（喜欢徒步旅行）
讨厌（hate）：
hate cleaning（讨厌打扫卫生）
hate studying（讨厌学习）
hate waiting（讨厌等待）
动名词短语作定语的具体用法：
A running river flows through the city.（一条流动的河流穿过这座城市。）
I bought a sleeping bag for camping.（我买了一个露营用的睡袋。）
She wore a swimming suit to the beach.（她穿着泳衣去海滩。）
动词 + 动名词作定语：
The walking trail is beautiful.（这条步行小径很美。）
He has a running nose.（他流鼻涕。）
We need a working computer.（我们需要一台工作正常的电脑。）
需要注意的是，动名词作为定语时通常位于被修饰名词之前。
动名词作主语的表语的具体用法：
Swimming is my favorite hobby.（游泳是我的最爱。）
Running is good exercise.（跑步是一种好的锻炼。）
Studying is important for academic success.（学习对于学业成功很重要。）
动词 + 动名词作表语：
Her favorite activity is dancing.（她最喜欢的活动是跳舞。）
His job is teaching English.（他的工作是教英语。）
Their main focus is improving customer satisfaction.（他们的主要关注点是提高客户满意度。）
需要注意的是，动名词作为表语时通常与系动词（如be动词）连用。
现在分词和过去分词结构作定语
分词做定语的基本含义。
分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。这两种在句子中能担任的成分大体相同。
现在分词一般有主动的意思
过去分词一般有被动的意思
用现在分词做定语的句子（表示主动） 用过去分词做定语的句子
He is an interesting man. The house standing there belongs to me. Interested members will meet at two. The house built last year is very beautiful.
分词作定语的重要知识点：
单独作定语，应放在被修饰的名词之前，在更多情况下，可以用分词短语作定语，这时分词短语应放在被修饰的名词之后，在意义上也相当于一个定语从句，如：
现在分词：touching story / leading cadres / shining example / coming week /
过去分词：skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water / steamed bread
Barking dogs seldom bite.
Soon our respected and beloved leaders entered the banquet hall.
Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door
They built a highway leading (= which leads) into the mountains.
★小试身手★
写出下列短语的意思
the rising sun 旭日
fallen leaves 落叶
faded flowers 凋零的花
returned students 海归
retired workers 退休工人
the exploded bomb 已爆炸弹
departed friends 离去的朋友
把分词做定语改成定语从句或者定语从句改成分词作定语
They are problems left over by history.
They are the problems which were left by history.
Have you read any short stories which were written by Lu Xun
Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun
developing countries = countries that are developing
a city that is growing =a growing city
作定语的现在分词和过去分词所表示的动作发生的时间不同
表示正在进行的动作, (变为从句时要用进行时态), 如：
Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise.
Did you see the man talking (who was talking) to the manager
表示经常性的动作, 或现在 (或当时) 的状态, (变为从句时, 用一般时态), 如：
They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south.
The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955.
过去分词作定语时，过去分词所表示的动作可以在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，也可以是没有一定的时间性，如：
The meeting held(which was held) last week is very important.
He is a man loved (who is loved)by all.
Attention ：
如果所表示的动作现在正在发生，或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，可以用现在分词的被动形式来表示，如：
The meeting being held is very important.
We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.(discuss)
Attention ：
如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用一个不定式的被动形式来表示，如：
The meeting to be held next week is very important.
★小试身手★
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. (discuss)
Please tell me the subjects discussed last week. (discuss)
Do you know the meeting being discussed now is held by Peter (discuss)
现在分词作状语
现在分词表示主动进行，过去分词表示被动完成。
现在分词作伴随状语，表示陪衬性的动作或伴随情况，如：
The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
They stood there for an hour watching the game.
Attention ：
a. 分词表示的必须是主语的一个动作；
b. 分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作（或状态）是同时发生的；
c. 分词表示的是比较次要的动作，对谓语表示的动作或状态加以说明；
d. 大部分放在谓语之后；
e. 分词有时可以与句子的其他部分用逗号隔开。
现在分词作原因状语，表示原因或理由，如：
Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：
Because she saw nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
Because we didn’t know her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
Attention
如果分词表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，则要用完成形式，如：
Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.
Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.
现在分词作时间状语（相当于 when 引导的从句），如：
Turning around, she saw a police car driving up.
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：
When she turned around ,she saw a police car driving up.
When they heard the news, they all jumped with joy.
Attention ：
这里分词表示的是一个极短暂的动作，这动作一发生，谓语动词所表示的动作立即发生。这类分词一般放在句首。如果两个动作是完全同时发生的，多用 when 或 while + 分词这种结构，如：
Be careful when crossing the street.
Don’t mention this while talking to him.
现在分词作状语还可以表示结果、条件和让步，如：
Working hard, you will succeed. (条件)
Weighing almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. (让步)
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：
If you work hard, you will succeed.
Although the stone weighs almost one hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
现在分词的完成形式和被动形式
分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，如：
Having been there many times, he offered to be our guide.
Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away
过去分词作状语
（1）过去分词短语作状语，可以修饰谓语，说明动作发生的背景或情况，如：
Built in 1192, the bridge is over 700 years old.
The trainer appeared, followed by six little dogs.
（2）过去分词短语表示原因（相当于一个原因状语从句），如：
He soon fell asleep, exhausted by the journey.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：
He soon fell asleep as/because he was exhausted by the journey.
（3）过去分词短语有时可以表示时间（相当于时间状语从句）和条件（相当于条件状语从句），如：
United, we stand; divided, we fall.
Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
试试可不可以变成状语从句呢：
If we are united ,we stand; If we are divided, we fall.
Whene park is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
Attention ：
过去分词短语作状语时，前面有时可以加上when, if, while, though, as if 等连词，这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句（省略部分多为 “主语 + be 的多种形式”）。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同，如：
If / When heated, water changes into steam.
The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to.
试试看把它们补充完整：
If/when water is heated, it changed into steam.
The girl is very shy, and never speaks until she is spoken to.
Attention ：
在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致.
过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；
而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。
★小试身手★
试一试：判断下列句子中分词充当什么状语，并且看看可不可以转化成相应状语从句。
Every evening they sat on the sofa watching TV. 表伴随
I got home, feeling very tired. 表伴随
Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. 表原因
Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving up. 表时间
Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 表条件/时间
to do
一般 进行 完成
主动 to do to be doing to have done
被动 to be done / to have been done
★小试身手★
能被邀请来做演讲是我的荣幸。
It’s my honor to be invited to make this speech.
老板经过他身边时，他假装正在打电话。
When the boss passed by, he pretended to be making a phone call.
他们似乎在发薪日前就花光了上个月的工资。
They seemed to have spent up last month’s salary before the pay day.
doing
一般（与谓语动词同时发生） 完成（在谓语动词之前发生）
主动 doing having done
被动 being done having been done
done
过去分词done的一般情况即表示“被动、完成”的含义，所以没有时态语态变化。
★小试身手★
To earn(earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started to work in a local café as a waiter.
目的状语
2. The most common mistakes leading (lead) to a bad back are poor body mechanics and unhealthy habits. 定语
3. We teenagers often think that parents are conservative (保守的), and they know nothing about us, but honestly, we’re actually still too young to know (know) what’s really best for us. 结果状语
4. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty adapting (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. 宾语
5. Wondering (wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her for two weeks. 原因状语
6. The Flakes brought along a lobster (龙虾) trap in hopes of having some delicious treats, but it was lost within the first few hours after being attacked(attack) by a shark.
7. “I think she would like you to have it.” Shocked (shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away. 伴随状语8. Having endured (endure) too many of these tragedies in the past few years, each time I learn the news I react not as a President, but as anybody else would — as a parent. And that was especially true today.
9. He has a constant urge to check (check) for next messages; he checks his phone every five minutes! 定语
10. Many researchers claim to have found(find) relationships between left-handedness and various physical and mental characteristics. 宾语
11. The cities experiencing (experience) the highest annual growth in office rental rates are both in South Africa with 40 percent rate rise for Durban and 44 percent for Sandton. 定语
1．（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级位育中学校考期中）I’m seeing a patient. Would you mind ________ outside for a moment
A．wait B．waiting C．to wait D．has waited
2．（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级位育中学校考期中）Keeping pets ________ us know a lot about how to care for others.
A．helps B．help C．helping D．helped
3．（2024上·上海青浦·九年级统考期末）The charity organization has made a promise ________ 5 million trees in this area by 2025.
A．plant B．to plant C．planting D．planted
4．（2024上·上海金山·九年级统考期末）Would you mind ________ us something about the Environmental Day in your school
A．tell B．telling C．told D．to tell
5．（2023·上海松江·统考二模）Milk tea in that shop is very popular. Many people wish ________ a try.
A．have B．having C．had D．to have
6．（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）Jim says he doesn’t mind _______ the office with the new employee in the company.
A．to share B．to sharing C．share D．sharing
7．（2023·上海普陀·统考二模）I kept ________ where I had put my 3D-glasses.
A．wonder B．wondering C．to wonder D．wondered
8．（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）Mrs Black always makes her little son ________ his bedroom at weekends.
A．to tidy B．tidying C．tidy D．tidies
9．（2024上·上海金山·九年级统考期末）The heavy snowstorm made the mountain climbers ________ halfway.
A．give up B．to give up C．giving up D．gave up
10．（2023·上海静安·统考二模）I am looking forward to ________ new progress on my study in the following months.
A．make B．made C．making D．makes
11．（2023·上海杨浦·统考三模）I asked Uncle Tom to stop ________ because he didn’t feel well.
A．to smoke B．smoke C．smoking D．smoked
12．（2023·上海黄浦·统考三模）I’m really looking forward ________ with you on the project.
A．work B．to work C．working D．to working
13．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校联考期中）Peter considers ________ a pet dog so that he won’t feel lonely at home.
A．keep B．keeping C．keeps D．to keep
14．（2024上·上海虹口·九年级统考期末）Judy suggests _________ money for the homeless children after the earthquake.
A．raise B．raising C．to raise D．raised
15．（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级校联考期末）Pansy denied ______ an article about detectives on the computer last week.
A．write B．to write C．writing D．to writing
16．（2024上·上海黄浦·九年级统考期末）We don’t have to waste our time ________ food in the kitchen all day long.
A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing D．to preparing
17．（2024上·上海闵行·九年级统考期末）Both of the twin boys denied ________ the windows of the living room.
A．break B．broke C．to break D．breaking
18．（2024上·上海闵行·九年级统考期末）Many children expect _________ the ability to help others like superheroes.
A．have B．had C．to have D．having
19．（2023·上海松江·统考二模）Peter finished ________ the speech with his teacher’s help.
A．write B．written C．writing D．to write
20．（2023·上海金山·统考二模）It is difficult for most of us ________ without electricity in the modern society.
A．live B．living C．to live D．lived
21．（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Working in the field for a whole day let the children ________ the farmers’ hard life.
A．understand B．to understand C．understood D．understanding
22．（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Would you mind ________ our seats I can’t see the screen clearly.
A．exchange B．exchanged C．to exchange D．exchanging
23．（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）Ben’s parents told him alone because he’s too young and it’s not safe.
A．not traveling B．not to travel C．not travel D．no traveling
24．（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）Marco’s parents expected him _______ a doctor, but he turned out to be an architect.
A．be B．to be C．being D．to being
25．（2023·上海普陀·统考二模）The headmaster asked Ken _______ charge of the Science Club this year.
A．take B．taking C．took D．to take
26．（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）I’m sorry I have kept you ________ for such a long time. The traffic was terrible.
A．waiting B．wait C．waited D．to wait
27．（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Would you mind ________ care of my cat when I am away on the business trip
A．take B．to take C．took D．taking
28．（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Ms White made me ________ the difficult chemistry problem all by myself.
A．work out B．to work out C．worked out D．working out
29．（2023·上海静安·统考二模）Be careful! Never let such a spelling mistake ________ again in the coming test.
A．to appear B．appears C．appear D．appearing
30．（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Don’t forget ________ all the windows when you leave the classroom.
A．close B．closed C．closing D．to close
31．（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Shy students usually try to avoid ________ eye contact with strangers at parties.
A．make B．to make C．making D．made
32．（2023·上海浦东新·统考三模）In the past, people often used stones ________ houses, but now they use bricks instead.
A．building B．to build C．build D．built
33．（2023·上海浦东新·统考三模）What a fine day! I suggest ________ kites in the Century Park after lunch.
A．flying B．flew C．fly D．to fly
34．（2024上·上海虹口·九年级统考期末）Online museums allow people ________ art and learn about world history from the comfort of their homes.
A．to experience B．to experiencing C．experience D．experiencing
35．（2023·上海杨浦·统考三模）I got a repairman ________ my bicycle. The brake (刹车) didn’t work.
A．to fix B．fix C．fixing D．fixed
36．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级统考期中）Tom told a joke in class and made all of us _______ a lot.
A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughing D．laughed
37．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级统考期中）Many people ________ in Shanghai after spending several years here.
A．used to live B．used to living
C．are used to live D．are used to living
38．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期中）Susan finally became a popular singer after she practiced ________ for years.
A．sing B．to sing C．singing D．sang
39．（2023上·上海黄浦·九年级统考期中）Jenny denied ________ anything about the missing purse yesterday afternoon.
A．know B．to know C．knowing D．knew
40．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校联考期中）Yesterday I got up early ________ be late for the lecture made by a well-known professor.
A．in order to B．so as not to C．in order to not D．so that
41．（2023上·上海杨浦·九年级统考期中）Our skiing coach warned us ________ straight down the hill.
A．not go B．not going C．not to go D．don’t go
42．（2023上·上海静安·九年级校考期中）Parents often expect their children ________ all the things that they couldn’t do in the past.
A．to do B．doing C．did D．do
43．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年级校考期末）If I can’t finish ________ the report, I won’t go to the cinema with you tomorrow.
A．type B．typed C．to type D．typing
44．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年级校考期末）Alice is practicing ________ in the music room because she will give a performance at the School Art Festival.
A．singing B．sang C．to sing D．sings
45．（2023上·上海嘉定·九年级校考期末）In my opinion, one of the best ways to lose weight is ________ regularly.
A．exercise B．to exercise C．exercised D．exercises
46．（2023上·上海杨浦·九年级统考期末）After hours of questioning, the suspect finally admitted ________ the woman’s purse.
A．steal B．to steal C．stealing D．stole
47．（2023上·上海杨浦·九年级统考期末）It took me lots of time ________ a big meal for ten people and I was happy that everyone enjoyed it.
A．prepare B．to prepare C．preparing D．prepared
48．（2024上·上海浦东新·九年级统考期末）At first, the suspect kept silent and didn’t admit ________ the lady’s purse.
A．steal B．to steal C．stealing D．stole
49．（2024上·上海长宁·九年级统考期末）Our class teacher always reminds us ________ over our lessons after class every day.
A．to go B．go C．going D．went
50．（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级上海市实验学校校考期中）I will spend as much time as I can _________ the lesson.
A．go over B．to go over C．going over D．gone over
