2024年中考英语二轮复习专题： 阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜想）（上海专用）
·模块一 词义猜测题解题技巧
·模块二 细节理解题解题技巧
·模块三 2023、2024上海名校真题专练
1.题型特点
这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就求助词典,这是不可取的。一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢 答案是否定的。可是我们如何理解它们呢 利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式
①What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese
②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...
③The underlined word...could be replaced by...
④What is the meaning of...
⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...
3.词义猜测题的解题技巧
(1)通过因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。有时文章会借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等)来猜测词义。
例1 You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.
解析 通过for连接的句子所表示的原因(那不是他的错),可猜出blame的词义是“责备”。
(2)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中,有时作者为避免重复,或为了表达同一事物的不同种类,使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下,我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系从熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
(3)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人,使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比,我们可以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折或对比关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
例2 He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.
解析 根据“not at all as handsome...”我们不难推测出homely是“不英俊,不漂亮”的意思。
(4)通过构词法猜测词义
在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些新词汇,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词义,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用,此时,若掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。
(5)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
定义或解释形式多样,常由is,that is(to say),in other words,call,mean,be considered to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent,signify等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
(6)根据上下文猜测词义
①有些单词并不能直接猜测出其词义,但可以根据上下文的提示猜测出其词义。
例3 One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can take something positive out of it.
It wasn’t until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy.
The word“positive”in the passage probably means .
A.terrible B.bad
C.good D.real
解析 根据上文“我一直认为不管世间的事物有多么糟,你还是能发现它积极的一面”可知答案是C。
②在句子或段落中,若事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例 If he thinks he can invite me out,he is all wet.I don’t like to be with him.
The underlined phrase“all wet”means .
A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.wrong
解析 根据下文“我不喜欢跟他在一起”可知,他如果认为能约我出去,那就“错了”。因此D是正确答案。
(7)根据生活常识猜测词义
有时,我们利用自己的生活常识,便可知道生词的含义。
例4 A deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.
解析 从句子意思可知他想买钉子,那么卖钉子的商店无疑是五金店。
(8)利用单词的发音进行推测
英语中有些单词来自汉语,与汉语的发音有些相似,另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用音译,如:sofa(沙发),coffee(咖啡),typhoon(台风),aspirin(阿司匹林),nylon(尼龙)等。因此,利用单词的发音也是一种猜测的手段。
例5 The Olympic Games began in the 5th century BC.
One day it was revealed that Mrs Morel had cancer and was beyond any help except that of morphine.
解析 上面这两个句子中画线的两个词,只要我们能准确发音,就能知道它们的意思是“奥林匹克”和“吗啡”。
一、细节理解类题目常见的设问方式
1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned
2.What does the writer pay the least attention to
3.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
4.All of the following statements may be true/false except...
5.Which of the following is not the result of...
6.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of...
二、快速辨认和记忆事实或细节
1.查读法
查读是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。查读的特点是带着问题寻找答案。
(1)用略读的方法通读阅读材料,对原文有一个大概的了解,掌握其主旨。
(2)按文章的体裁,如按记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词,如for example,first,second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
(3)把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读,眼睛自左至右,自上而下呈Z形扫视,直至找到你所需要的部分。待找到你所需要的部分时,可放慢速度,细读要查找的内容。
例1 While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some students at White Cloud Primary School. They became the world’s first kids to be“taught”by an electronic teacher. This electronic teacher is not a human-like robot walking around the classroom. Instead, he is a computer-created head that appears, when needed, on students’ computer or phone screens. His name is Bill.
1.What is Bill
A.A human-like robot. B.A kind of computer game.
C.A computer recording tool. D.A computer-created talking head.
1.D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句His name is Bill.可知,前面两句This electronic teacher is not a human-like robot...Instead,he is a computer-created head...以及第三段第一句...Bill is able to immediately respond to the students’ questions and opinions about the topic.都是对Bill的描写。根据这些描写可知答案为D。
2.按段落组织模式阅读
如:时间型段落
作者在记叙或说明历史人物或事件时,往往按时间先后的顺序组织细节。这种按时间顺序组织细节的段落模式叫作时间型段落。
时间型段落都有明显的信息词。
如first,then,afterwards,shortly after that,later,next,after,before,at last,finally等。
略读时,通过上述信息确定是否为“时间型”段落,然后按时间信息词的先后顺序进行查阅,寻找有关的细节。这种按时间模式阅读的方法,有助于读者快速寻找细节,记住细节。
例2.Tea is the leaf of a plant which grows widely in China, Japan and some other countries. Tea farmers usually grow a great many tea plants on a large piece of land. When the tea leaves are ready to be picked, it is the busiest time for tea farmers in a year. They pull off the leaves and dry them. In their spare time, they pick out the best leaves and get them ready for market. In China, whenever a visitor comes into a house, he is served with a cup of tea.
Tea farmers are the busiest in a year when they .
A.serve visitors at home B.sell tea in the market
C.pick and dry tea leaves D.look for a piece of land
C 细节理解题。根据第三段第三、四两句When the tea leaves are ready to be picked, it is the busiest time for tea farmers in a year. They pull off the leaves and dry them.可知,选C。
（2024·上海杨浦·统考一模）
Dear Andy Lee, You have bought an NR ticket online for a train that runs between White Water City and Cloud City. We are sorry to tell you that, because of the typhoon last month, the Sand Town-Spring Town line will be closed between August 14 and 28 20XX. During this time, some trains will change lines and will not stop at a few stations. There will be free buses to take travelers to these stations. Please check below for the changes. Visit http://www. rails. gov/ for more information. We wish you a nice summer. Lena Muller National Railway NR 1. Trains that run between Green City and Cloud City will take the Smoke Town-Spring Town line, and will stop at every station. Below are the trains that will change lines. TrainNew Line (from 8/14 to 8/28)Going SouthRL101White Water City →Cloud CityRL102White Water City →Spring Town RL103Green City →Cloud CityGoing NorthRL201Spring Town →Green CityRL202Cloud City →Green City
2. The free buses for the Sand Town-Spring Town line will wait at Green City (going south) and Spring Town (going north) stations. No stop at Gray Village.
1．It is obvious that Andy Lee left his ________ when he booked his ticket.
A．home address
B．mobile phone number
C．email address
D．company address
2．The travellers who got the letter from NR ________.
A．bought the tickets online
B．wanted to travel to Black Town
C．worked for National Railway
D．booked the tickets on August 14
3．National Railway writes this letter because ________.
A．there is a train ticket sale
B．a train line will be closed in July
C．it will open a new train line in August
D．some of its trains will run on different lines
4．What is true about NR’s trains between August 14 and 28
A．No trains will stop at Spring Town.
B．Trains that change lines will all stop at Black Town.
C．People can take the free buses to any station on the Sand Town-Spring Town line.
D．People can go to Hill Town on any train that runs between Green City and Cloud City.
5．From the reading material, we can infer (推断) that National Railway will ________ from August 24 to August 28.
A．carry a lot of travellers to Gray Village by using their free buses
B．fix the railway between Sand Town and Spring Town
C．make a lot of mistakes in carrying travellers to wrong places
D．stop the Green City-Cloud City line trains
6．James lives in Smoke Town. He wants to go to Black Town on August 19. How can he get there
A．Take Train RL202 to Green City, get off there, and take the free bus.
B．Take Train RL103 to Green City, get off there, and take the free bus.
C．Take Train RL102 to Spring Town, get off there, and take Train RL201.
D．Take Train RL101 to Cloud City, get off there, and take the free bus.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．D 5．B 6．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了新加坡国家铁路公司写给旅客的信以及改变线路的列车车次。
1．细节理解题。根据“andylee@”可知，Andy Lee订票时留下了邮箱地址。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“You have bought an NR ticket online for a train that runs between White Water City and Cloud City.”可知，收到信的游客应是从网上订票的人。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据“We are sorry to tell you that, because of the typhoon last month, the Sand Town-Spring Town line will be closed between August 14 and 28 20XX. During this time, some trains will change lines and will not stop at a few stations. There will be free buses to take travelers to these stations. Please check below for the changes.”可知，铁路部门给旅客写这封信的目的是告知他们留意部分线路的变化。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据“Trains that run between Green City and Cloud City will take the Smoke Town-Spring Town line, and will stop at every station.”以及下面的图片可知，Green City和Cloud City之间的列车将乘坐Smoke Town-Spring Town线，并在每个车站停靠；Hill Town在Smoke Town和Spring Town线中间，因此人们可以乘坐Green City和Cloud City之间的任何一列火车前往Hill Town。故选D。
5．推理判断题。根据“We are sorry to tell you that, because of the typhoon last month, the Sand Town-Spring Town line will be closed between August 14 and 28 20XX.” 可知，由于上个月的台风，Sand Town-Spring Town路线将于20XX年8月14日至28日关闭，所以可以推断，8月24日至8月28日会修复Sand town和Spring Town之间的铁路。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据图表可知，先乘坐RL102次列车到Spring Town，在那里下车，然后乘坐免费公交车。故选A。
（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校考期中）Articles Wanted
▲ Articles should be typewritten (打印的) and double spaced, using only one side of the page.
▲ Your name, year of birth, school name (and English teacher), home address and e-mail address must be included.
▲ For photos, place the information on the back of each envelope(信封): PLEASE DON% FOLD．
▲ Please keep copies of your text, pictures or photos.
▲ The sentence MUST BE WRITTEN with your name on each work, and make sure your work is completely original (原创的).
▲ If your article is chosen, you will receive a copy of School Life and a special gift.
SEND IT ALL SUMMER!
For more information, please contact (联系) us!
Tel: (02) 92136116
E-mail: schoollife@.au
Mail: School Life. Box 5252, Sydney, NSW 200
7．All the information about the writer must be included except his/her ________.
A．school name B．e-mail address C．year of birth D．telephone number
8．Who do you think will write articles for School Life
A．Students who are interested in writing.
B．Teachers who love writing and taking photos.
C．Parents who wish their kids to be popular writers.
D．Readers who had a happy time in their childhood.
9．What is required for the articles wanted according to the passage
A．They must be fully created by the writers themselves.
B．They must be typed in single apace and on both sides.
C．They must be provided with photos and descriptions.
D．They must be sent with the copies of the texts and pictures.
10．According to the passage, you can send your articles ________.
A．within 3 weeks B．all summer C．all the year round D．during the whole term
11．When will you receive a copy of School Life and a special gift
A．When the article is typewritten. B．When copies of your text, pictures or photos are kept.
C．When your work is completely original. D．When your article is chosen.
12．How many ways can you find in the passage to contact School Life
A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4
【答案】7．D 8．A 9．A 10．B 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇编辑部的约稿通知，文中提了一些对文章和作者的要求。
7．细节理解题。根据“Your name, year of birth, school name (and English teacher), home address and e-mail address must be included.”可知，没有要求填写作者的电话。故选D。
8．推理判断题。根据“Your name, year of birth, school name (and English teacher)”可知，作品中要注明学校名称和英语老师是谁，这是对写作感兴趣的学生的约稿。故选A。
9．细节理解题。根据“The sentence MUST BE WRITTEN with your name on each work, and make sure your work is completely original (原创的).”可知，文章要求作者原创。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据“SEND IT ALL SUMMER!”可知，可以整个夏天都可以寄出你的文章。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据“If your article is chosen, you will receive a copy of School Life and a special gift.”可知，如果你的文章被选中，你将收到一份《学校生活》和一份特别的礼物。故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据“Tel: (02) 92136116； E-mail: schoollife@.au；Mail: School Life. Box 5252, Sydney, NSW 200”可知，给出了电话、邮件地址和邮寄地址三种可联系方式。故选C。
（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级校联考期末）
Jane is reading the descriptions below and she is interested in this matchmaking game.
Linda Likes: cats and dogs; watching TV and staying at home can cook well, loves Italian food is looking for a soulmate (知音) Dislikes: football and all kinds of ball sports Additional Information: has never had a boyfriend before LarryLikes: nature, long walks in the countryside meeting friends and talking for hours wants a woman who is outgoing Dislikes: women who are crazy about shopping Additional Information: live with several dogs and cats
Sally Likes: going out late with her various girlfriends is looking for someone to pay her bills Dislikes: boring people staying at home Additional information: primary school teacher the disco queen of her town Steven Likes: reading long novels by the fireplace would love to meet someone who can cook well Dislikes: people who have no clue of literature Additional information: the only son of a rich factory owner and will become very rich soon
Tina Likes: going out in the woods writing poetry is looking for someone who shares her dreams Dislikes: people who try to adventure nature Additional Information: an excellent piano player loves modern art Thomas Likes: doing all kinds of sports would like to meet a beautiful woman who’ll impress his family Dislikes: talking about his feelings Additional information: a manager of a big company
13．Linda is looking for someone who can ______.
A．share her dreams B．cook well C．be her soulmate D．pay her bills
14．Larry wants a woman who is outgoing. The underlined word “outgoing” means “______”.
A．easy to talk to others B．patient with new friends C．strict in her work D．active in activities
15．Steven is the only son of a rich factory owner and will become very rich soon, so he can ______.
A．do all kinds of sports B．go out in the woods
C．stay at home with boring people D．pay bills for Sally Searcher
16．Let’s match each person to another person who suits their style: ______.
A．Tina — Larry B．Thomas — Tina
C．Linda — Steven D．Larry — Sally
17．From the passage, we know every person has his character and personality. We’d like to match them, we need to learn about their ______.
A．family and friends B．hobbies and interests
C．favourite job and dream D．favourite sports and music
18．The main purpose of the article is to ______.
A．match another suitable person
B．know each person’s Likes and Dislikes
C．encourage persons to share information
D．find a handsome man and a pretty woman
【答案】13．C 14．A 15．D 16．C 17．B 18．A
【导语】本文通过介绍几个人的喜欢、不喜欢和附加信息，了解了他们的性格和个性，从而就能匹配另一个合适的人。
13．细节理解题。根据“is looking for a soulmate”可知，琳达正在寻找一个可以成为她知音的人。故选C。
14．词义猜测题。根据“Likes: nature, long walks in the countryside meeting friends and talking for hours wants a woman who is outgoing”可知喜欢见朋友且能连着谈几小时，应是外向的，“outgoing”的意思是“外向的”，与“easy to talk to others”。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据“the only son of a rich factory owner and will become very rich soon”可知，史蒂文是一个富有的工厂老板的独子，他很快就会变得非常富有，所以他可以为莎莉·查彻付账。故选D。
16．细节理解题。根据Linda中的“Likes: cats and dogs; watching TV and staying at home can cook well, loves Italian food is looking for a soulmate”以及Steven中的“Likes: reading long novels by the fireplace would love to meet someone who can cook well”可知，琳达和史蒂文的风格很配。故选C。
17．推理判断题。从文章中，我们知道每个人都有他的性格和个性。我们想要匹配他们，我们需要了解他们兴趣爱好。故选B。
18．主旨大意题。根据“Jane is reading the descriptions below and she is interested in this matchmaking game.”可知，文章的主要目的是匹配另一个合适的人。故选A。
（2023上·上海嘉定·九年级校考期末）
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19．If you are free on the evening of May 5th, you can attend ________.
A．Test like a Champion B．Be Confident!
C．Get Organized Now D．Good-bye to Procrastination
20．You often get into arguments with people around you. “________” might be useful.
A．Good-bye to Procrastination B．Be Confident!
C．Calm Down! D．Test like a Champion
21．Kate Yang, the professor you like best, will give a lecture at the learning center, you’ll arrive ________.
A．at 3:00 p.m., May 4th B．at 8:00 p.m., May 6th
C．at 8:00 a.m., May 4th D．at 7:00 p.m., May 5th
22．The underlined word “Procrastination” in the passage means ________.
A．拖延 B．浪费 C．懒惰 D．麻烦
23．Which of the following subtitles can be filled in the blank in the passage
A．Stop Worrying B．Make It Happen C．Don’t Waste Time! D．Keep It in Order!
24．The purpose of the upcoming events is to ________.
A．help apply for a new job B．help find important information quickly
C．help get started on big projects D．help people reach their goals
【答案】19．B 20．C 21．A 22．A 23．B 24．D
【导语】本文是一篇广告布告类短文。本文以表格的形式介绍了一系列讲座所涉及的目的、内容、举办时间和演讲人等信息。
19．细节理解题。根据表格中间一栏活动内容“Be Confident”的举办时间“May 5, 7:00—8:00 P.M.”可知，讲座“Be Confident!”的举办时间是在5月5日晚7点至8点，故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据中间表格“Calm Down!”中的“Hate your parents Can’t stand your classmates Learn how to get along with people and manage difficult relationships with six essential techniques for dealing with anger successfully”可知，在和别人发生争吵时，要冷静下来，运用六种基本技巧来成功地处理愤怒情绪，故当你经常和周围的人发生争论时，“Calm Down!”这个活动可能有用，故选C。
21．细节理解题。根据第三列表格“‘Test Like a Champion’ Kate Yang, Director, Harley Testing Center”可知Kate Yang作报告“Test Like a Champion”，结合表格中左侧第一栏可知，“Test like a Champion”这个讲座的举办时间是“May 4, 3:00—4:00 P.M.”可知Kate Yang教授将在5月4日下午3点到4点演讲，故选A。
22．词句猜测题。根据中间一栏中“Good-bye to Procrastination”之下的介绍中“Don’t put off what you could do today till tomorrow”可知，本题说的是不要拖拉（不要把今天的事情拖到明天做），故知该词的意思是“拖延”，故选A。
23． 主旨大意题。根据表格左侧第一栏中空格后面的说明“You’ve got big dreams, but you don’t know how to get there Discover how to achieve success by taking small steps that will help you”可知，本讲座说的是怎样实现梦想的问题，即采取哪些措施，来取得成功，以选项B“让它发生”为标题最合适。故选B。
24．主旨大意题。根据表格中“Get Organized Now”说的是怎样安排好自己的工作、生活；“Test like a Champion”讲的是怎样克服紧张情绪，获得成功；“Test like a Champion”“Make It Happen”和“Be Confident”等都是讲怎样获得成功的问题，故选D。
（2024·上海奉贤·统考一模）Today’s Motion
Students Should Not Be Graded on Their Handwriting
58% Say Yes
I am for the motion. “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” It is a suitable saying for this statement. A kid may not have good handwriting, but he or she could still be very very smart. For example, many great scientists’ handwriting is horrible, but they have risen to the top of their fields. Plus, even some doctors have bad handwriting, but we don’t care so much about it.
By Miniballball
Remember the future. In the future, many jobs won’t be available because of the rise of robots and technology. In the past, you would write a letter and send it. That was like 50 years ago. Now, we have emails. Everything will be automated (自动化) soon. So is there even a point to having a debate on handwriting NO, it really won’t matter at all!
By Little Cherry
42% Say No
Handwriting should decide students’ grades. This is because if your handwriting is bad, the teacher may not understand what you have written even though your answer is correct. Therefore, I strongly disagree with this motion. It’s worth nothing that handwriting doesn’t have to be very beautiful, but it can reflect (反映) a student’s attitude towards his or her studies.
By blue000n
Handwriting is important. It may not play a big part in this modern world, but it’s still very important to many people. In many jobs—more than most people think—having good, clear handwriting is necessary. If early on in school you get graded on your handwriting, then you can improve on it and get a better job in the future. Also, it’s been scientifically shown that children with good handwriting are able to spell and remember things better than children with bad handwriting.
By WallingCrib
25．There are ________ more votes for the motion than there are votes against it.
A．58% B．42% C．16% D．100%
26．The underlined word “it” from Miniballball’s message refers to ________.
A．a book’s cover B．some doctors’ bad handwriting
C．a kid’s poor handwriting D．great scientists’ horrible handwriting
27．Little Cherry thinks many jobs won’t be available in the future because ________.
A．no one will write letters B．robots and technology will develop quickly
C．people now have emails D．everything will be done by machines
28．According to blue000n, if a student’s handwriting is bad, ________.
A．the answer must be wrong
B．he/she can’t pass the exam
C．the teachers may misunderstand what he/she has written
D．it can’t reflect the attitude towards his or her studies
29．WallingCrib holds the opinion that ________.
A．handwriting isn’t necessary B．handwriting is important
C．handwriting should not be graded D．handwriting must be graded
30．We can read this passage on a/an ________.
A．local newspaper B．novel collection C．science magazine D．internet forum
【答案】25．C 26．B 27．B 28．C 29．B 30．D
【导语】本文是一份调查报告，不同的人对学生的书写是否应该评分给出了不同的意见。
25．细节理解题。根据“58% Say Yes”和“42% Say No”可知，赞成这项提议的票数比反对票多16%。故选C。
26．代词指代题。根据“Plus, even some doctors have bad handwriting, but we don’t care so much about it.”可知，此外，甚至有些医生的笔迹也很糟糕，但我们并不太在意。此处“it”指代一些医生不好的字迹，故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据“In the future, many jobs won’t be available because of the rise of robots and technology.”可知，Little Cherry认为由于机器人和技术将迅速发展，未来将无法提供许多工作岗位。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“This is because if your handwriting is bad, the teacher may not understand what you have written even though your answer is correct.”可知，据blue000n的说法，如果学生的笔迹不好，即使你的答案是正确的，老师也可能看不懂你写的是什么。也就是老师们可能会误解他/她写的东西，故选C。
29．细节理解题。根据“Handwriting is important.”可知，WallingCrib认为书写很重要，故选B。
30．推理判断题。本文是一份调查报告，不同的人对学生的书写是否应该评分给出了不同的意见。由此可知，我们可以在一个互联网论坛上阅读这篇文章。故选D。
（2024·上海松江·统考一模）
Life always has some precious memories that can be caught by a camera. Here are four photos chosen from thousands of ones. The photographers also share the stories behind these photos. Click “” to give your favourite one a like before January 30, 2024. The winner who receives the most likes will get a camera—Canon 4000D．
During the year my daughter Anna got into college, my father was suffering from Alzheimer’s (阿兹海默症). He kept talking about buying Anna a new phone as a present! I told him she had already got one, but he would ask several times every day. So I took this photo in the winter holiday. Whenever he asked about it, I would show him the photo. (Bob)
At first, Wang Ming said he looked down upon his job. But every time he delivered medicine to sick people, carried essential items for the elderly upstairs, or brought a warm dinner to those working overtime (加班), he realized the importance of his job. Gradually, he fell in love with it. I interviewed him and took a photo during his work. See, there’s sunshine in his smile. (Li Hao)
This is a photo of our family member, Tiantian. Look! How high she’s jumping! Over a year ago, we found a yellow kitten with a broken leg next to the rubbish bin. My daughter insisted on taking her to the hospital. At last, I agreed. To our great surprise, the doctor saved her leg and two months later, she became healthy again. (Jenny)
My wife Zoe is a runner. Running her first marathon in a wheelchair was really tough, but she worked hard to get ready for it. On the race day, she told me she felt a mix of excitement and nervousness. The cheers from the crowd gave her the energy to keep going. When she finally crossed the finish line, I caught this unforgettable moment. Being disabled doesn’t stop her from moving forward and achieving her goals. I’m so proud of my wife. (Peter)
31．We can probably read the page from a _________.
A．diary B．website C．book D．brochure
32．_________ has the best chance to win the prize of a camera so far.
A．Bob B．Li Hao C．Jenny D．Peter
33．The underlined word “it” refers to _________.
A．working overtime B．working as a delivery man
C．a photo during the work D．the sunshine in the smile
34．Which of the photos was posted by Jenny
A． B． C． D．
35．Peter tells the unforgettable experience of _________.
A．becoming a marathon runner
B．his first marathon in a wheelchair
C．his wife becoming a marathon runner
D．his wife’s first marathon in a wheelchair
36．Which of the following sentences is NOT TRUE
A．Bob took the photo to help his father remember Anna.
B．Wang Ming changed the attitude towards his job.
C．Jenny didn’t think it was possible to save Tiantian’s leg.
D．Zoe is probably a hard-working and strong-minded woman.
【答案】31．B 32．D 33．B 34．C 35．D 36．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了四张照片背后的故事。
31．推理判断题。根据“Click ‘’ to give your favourite one a like before January 30, 2024.”可知，给最喜欢的那一张点赞，由此可推断可以在网站上看到这篇文章。故选B。
32．推理判断题。根据“The winner who receives the most likes will get a camera—Canon 4000D.”和Peter照片下的点赞数1379可知Peter目前得到了最多的赞，可推测Peter最有机会获胜。故选D。
33．词句猜测题。根据“But every time he delivered medicine to sick people, carried essential items for the elderly upstairs, or brought a warm dinner to those working overtime (加班), he realized the importance of his job. Gradually, he fell in love with it.”可知，但每次他给病人送药，给楼上的老人送生活必需品，或者给加班的人送上热腾腾的晚餐，他都意识到自己工作的重要性。渐渐地，他爱上了它。由此可知，it指代他的跑腿工作。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据“Look! How high she’s jumping! Over a year ago, we found a yellow kitten with a broken leg next to the rubbish bin.”可知，这张照片应是一张黄色小猫跳得很高的照片。故选C。
35．细节理解题。根据“My wife Zoe is a runner. Running her first marathon in a wheelchair was really tough, but she worked hard to get ready for it.”和“When she finally crossed the finish line, I caught this unforgettable moment.”可知，Peter分享了他妻子的第一次在轮椅上的马拉松比赛。故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据“He kept talking about buying Anna a new phone as a present! I told him she had already got one, but he would ask several times every day. So I took this photo in the winter holiday. Whenever he asked about it, I would show him the photo.”可知，Bob拍这张照片是为了提醒爷爷，Anna已经有手机了，而不是让爷爷记起Anna。故选A。2024年中考英语二轮复习专题： 阅读理解（细节理解、词义猜想）（上海专用）
·模块一 词义猜测题解题技巧
·模块二 细节理解题解题技巧
·模块三 2023、2024上海名校真题专练
1.题型特点
这类题型旨在考查学生利用上下文对词、词组以及句子的辨别能力。利用上下文猜测词义是阅读理解的基本技巧之一,也是我们学习词汇的主要方法。在阅读过程中,有些同学一遇到生僻词语就求助词典,这是不可取的。一遇到生僻词语就查阅词典不但会使我们养成依赖词典的习惯,而且还会影响阅读速度。我们阅读汉语文章时遇到不认识的词语是否都查词典呢 答案是否定的。可是我们如何理解它们呢 利用上下文提示猜测词义就是诀窍。
词义猜测题的类型主要有三种:熟词新义要求学生在某一特定的语言环境中推断某一多义词的正确意思;生词释义要求学生根据范围较小的上下文推断出词义;难句释义要求学生根据范围稍大的上下文推断句意。
2.词义猜测题主要的设问方式
①What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese
②The underlined word...refers to/probably means...
③The underlined word...could be replaced by...
④What is the meaning of...
⑤Which of the following words can take the place of the word...
3.词义猜测题的解题技巧
(1)通过因果关系猜测词义
通过因果关系猜词,首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系,然后才能猜词。有时文章会借助关联词(如because,as,since,for,so,thus,as a result,of course,therefore等)来猜测词义。
例1 You shouldn’t have blamed him for that,for it wasn’t his fault.
(2)通过同义词和同义关系猜测词义
在文章中,有时作者为避免重复,或为了表达同一事物的不同种类,使用同义词或近义词。在这种情况下,我们就可以利用同义词、近义词的关系从熟悉的词语推测不熟悉词语的含义。
通过同义词猜词,一是要看由and或or连接的同义词词组,如happy and gay,即使我们不认识gay这个词,也可以知道它是“愉快”的意思;二是看在进一步解释的过程中使用的同义词。
(3)通过反义词和反义关系猜测词义
有时作者为了说明相反的两件事或人,使用了一些反义词或表示反义关系的词语来进行对比,我们可以利用已知单词推测未知单词的词义。
通过反义词猜词,一是看表转折或对比关系的连词或副词,如but,while,however等;二是看与not搭配的或表示否定意义的词语。
例2 He is so homely,not at all as handsome as his brother.
(4)通过构词法猜测词义
在阅读文章时,我们总会遇上一些新词汇,有时很难根据上下文来推断其词义,而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用,此时,若掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等构词法知识,这些问题便不难解决了。
(5)通过定义或释义关系猜测词义
定义或解释形式多样,常由is,that is(to say),in other words,call,mean,be considered to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent,signify等词汇或破折号来表示。作者为了更好地表达思想,在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等进行解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性,利用它们猜词义比较容易。如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义,理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
(6)根据上下文猜测词义
①有些单词并不能直接猜测出其词义,但可以根据上下文的提示猜测出其词义。
例3 One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is,you can take something positive out of it.
It wasn’t until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy.
The word“positive”in the passage probably means .
A.terrible B.bad
C.good D.real
②在句子或段落中,若事物、现象之间构成因果关系,我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。
例 If he thinks he can invite me out,he is all wet.I don’t like to be with him.
The underlined phrase“all wet”means .
A.drunk B.sweating C.happy D.wrong
(7)根据生活常识猜测词义
有时,我们利用自己的生活常识,便可知道生词的含义。
例4 A deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.
(8)利用单词的发音进行推测
英语中有些单词来自汉语,与汉语的发音有些相似,另外也有一些单词译成汉语时采用音译,如:sofa(沙发),coffee(咖啡),typhoon(台风),aspirin(阿司匹林),nylon(尼龙)等。因此,利用单词的发音也是一种猜测的手段。
例5 The Olympic Games began in the 5th century BC.
One day it was revealed that Mrs Morel had cancer and was beyond any help except that of morphine.
一、细节理解类题目常见的设问方式
1.Which of the following is true/false/mentioned
2.What does the writer pay the least attention to
3.Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
4.All of the following statements may be true/false except...
5.Which of the following is not the result of...
6.Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of...
二、快速辨认和记忆事实或细节
1.查读法
查读是在读者对材料有所了解的情况下进行的。查读的特点是带着问题寻找答案。
(1)用略读的方法通读阅读材料,对原文有一个大概的了解,掌握其主旨。
(2)按文章的体裁,如按记叙文、说明文和议论文等及作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词,如for example,first,second等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
(3)把主要精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读,眼睛自左至右,自上而下呈Z形扫视,直至找到你所需要的部分。待找到你所需要的部分时,可放慢速度,细读要查找的内容。
例1 While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some students at White Cloud Primary School. They became the world’s first kids to be“taught”by an electronic teacher. This electronic teacher is not a human-like robot walking around the classroom. Instead, he is a computer-created head that appears, when needed, on students’ computer or phone screens. His name is Bill.
1.What is Bill
A.A human-like robot. B.A kind of computer game.
C.A computer recording tool. D.A computer-created talking head.
2.按段落组织模式阅读
如:时间型段落
作者在记叙或说明历史人物或事件时,往往按时间先后的顺序组织细节。这种按时间顺序组织细节的段落模式叫作时间型段落。
时间型段落都有明显的信息词。
如first,then,afterwards,shortly after that,later,next,after,before,at last,finally等。
略读时,通过上述信息确定是否为“时间型”段落,然后按时间信息词的先后顺序进行查阅,寻找有关的细节。这种按时间模式阅读的方法,有助于读者快速寻找细节,记住细节。
例2.Tea is the leaf of a plant which grows widely in China, Japan and some other countries. Tea farmers usually grow a great many tea plants on a large piece of land. When the tea leaves are ready to be picked, it is the busiest time for tea farmers in a year. They pull off the leaves and dry them. In their spare time, they pick out the best leaves and get them ready for market. In China, whenever a visitor comes into a house, he is served with a cup of tea.
Tea farmers are the busiest in a year when they .
A.serve visitors at home B.sell tea in the market
C.pick and dry tea leaves D.look for a piece of land
（2024·上海杨浦·统考一模）
Dear Andy Lee, You have bought an NR ticket online for a train that runs between White Water City and Cloud City. We are sorry to tell you that, because of the typhoon last month, the Sand Town-Spring Town line will be closed between August 14 and 28 20XX. During this time, some trains will change lines and will not stop at a few stations. There will be free buses to take travelers to these stations. Please check below for the changes. Visit http://www. rails. gov/ for more information. We wish you a nice summer. Lena Muller National Railway NR 1. Trains that run between Green City and Cloud City will take the Smoke Town-Spring Town line, and will stop at every station. Below are the trains that will change lines. TrainNew Line (from 8/14 to 8/28)Going SouthRL101White Water City →Cloud CityRL102White Water City →Spring Town RL103Green City →Cloud CityGoing NorthRL201Spring Town →Green CityRL202Cloud City →Green City
2. The free buses for the Sand Town-Spring Town line will wait at Green City (going south) and Spring Town (going north) stations. No stop at Gray Village.
1．It is obvious that Andy Lee left his ________ when he booked his ticket.
A．home address
B．mobile phone number
C．email address
D．company address
2．The travellers who got the letter from NR ________.
A．bought the tickets online
B．wanted to travel to Black Town
C．worked for National Railway
D．booked the tickets on August 14
3．National Railway writes this letter because ________.
A．there is a train ticket sale
B．a train line will be closed in July
C．it will open a new train line in August
D．some of its trains will run on different lines
4．What is true about NR’s trains between August 14 and 28
A．No trains will stop at Spring Town.
B．Trains that change lines will all stop at Black Town.
C．People can take the free buses to any station on the Sand Town-Spring Town line.
D．People can go to Hill Town on any train that runs between Green City and Cloud City.
5．From the reading material, we can infer (推断) that National Railway will ________ from August 24 to August 28.
A．carry a lot of travellers to Gray Village by using their free buses
B．fix the railway between Sand Town and Spring Town
C．make a lot of mistakes in carrying travellers to wrong places
D．stop the Green City-Cloud City line trains
6．James lives in Smoke Town. He wants to go to Black Town on August 19. How can he get there
A．Take Train RL202 to Green City, get off there, and take the free bus.
B．Take Train RL103 to Green City, get off there, and take the free bus.
C．Take Train RL102 to Spring Town, get off there, and take Train RL201.
D．Take Train RL101 to Cloud City, get off there, and take the free bus.（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校考期中）Articles Wanted
▲ Articles should be typewritten (打印的) and double spaced, using only one side of the page.
▲ Your name, year of birth, school name (and English teacher), home address and e-mail address must be included.
▲ For photos, place the information on the back of each envelope(信封): PLEASE DON% FOLD．
▲ Please keep copies of your text, pictures or photos.
▲ The sentence MUST BE WRITTEN with your name on each work, and make sure your work is completely original (原创的).
▲ If your article is chosen, you will receive a copy of School Life and a special gift.
SEND IT ALL SUMMER!
For more information, please contact (联系) us!
Tel: (02) 92136116
E-mail: schoollife@.au
Mail: School Life. Box 5252, Sydney, NSW 200
7．All the information about the writer must be included except his/her ________.
A．school name B．e-mail address C．year of birth D．telephone number
8．Who do you think will write articles for School Life
A．Students who are interested in writing.
B．Teachers who love writing and taking photos.
C．Parents who wish their kids to be popular writers.
D．Readers who had a happy time in their childhood.
9．What is required for the articles wanted according to the passage
A．They must be fully created by the writers themselves.
B．They must be typed in single apace and on both sides.
C．They must be provided with photos and descriptions.
D．They must be sent with the copies of the texts and pictures.
10．According to the passage, you can send your articles ________.
A．within 3 weeks B．all summer C．all the year round D．during the whole term
11．When will you receive a copy of School Life and a special gift
A．When the article is typewritten. B．When copies of your text, pictures or photos are kept.
C．When your work is completely original. D．When your article is chosen.
12．How many ways can you find in the passage to contact School Life
A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4
（2023上·上海徐汇·九年级校联考期末）
Jane is reading the descriptions below and she is interested in this matchmaking game.
Linda Likes: cats and dogs; watching TV and staying at home can cook well, loves Italian food is looking for a soulmate (知音) Dislikes: football and all kinds of ball sports Additional Information: has never had a boyfriend before LarryLikes: nature, long walks in the countryside meeting friends and talking for hours wants a woman who is outgoing Dislikes: women who are crazy about shopping Additional Information: live with several dogs and cats
Sally Likes: going out late with her various girlfriends is looking for someone to pay her bills Dislikes: boring people staying at home Additional information: primary school teacher the disco queen of her town Steven Likes: reading long novels by the fireplace would love to meet someone who can cook well Dislikes: people who have no clue of literature Additional information: the only son of a rich factory owner and will become very rich soon
Tina Likes: going out in the woods writing poetry is looking for someone who shares her dreams Dislikes: people who try to adventure nature Additional Information: an excellent piano player loves modern art Thomas Likes: doing all kinds of sports would like to meet a beautiful woman who’ll impress his family Dislikes: talking about his feelings Additional information: a manager of a big company
13．Linda is looking for someone who can ______.
A．share her dreams B．cook well C．be her soulmate D．pay her bills
14．Larry wants a woman who is outgoing. The underlined word “outgoing” means “______”.
A．easy to talk to others B．patient with new friends C．strict in her work D．active in activities
15．Steven is the only son of a rich factory owner and will become very rich soon, so he can ______.
A．do all kinds of sports B．go out in the woods
C．stay at home with boring people D．pay bills for Sally Searcher
16．Let’s match each person to another person who suits their style: ______.
A．Tina — Larry B．Thomas — Tina
C．Linda — Steven D．Larry — Sally
17．From the passage, we know every person has his character and personality. We’d like to match them, we need to learn about their ______.
A．family and friends B．hobbies and interests
C．favourite job and dream D．favourite sports and music
18．The main purpose of the article is to ______.
A．match another suitable person
B．know each person’s Likes and Dislikes
C．encourage persons to share information
D．find a handsome man and a pretty woman
（2023上·上海嘉定·九年级校考期末）
THE LEARNING CENTER Upcoming Events FEATURED SPEAKERS
Get Organized Now Discover how getting organized can help you increase your productivity. Learn practical tips that will help you start putting your life in order today! May 4, 8:00—9:00 A．M. Test like a Champion Find out how you can turn low scores into high ones! Tips from the experts will help you overcome test-taking feelings and achieve success. May 4, 3:00—4:00 P.M. 5 You’ve got big dreams, but you don’t know how to get there Discover how to achieve success by taking small steps that will help you. May 5, 8:00—9:00 A．M. Be Confident! Do you lack self-confidence Discover the causes of it and what you can do about them. Learn a simple and effective technique (技巧) you can perform to turn your life around! May 5, 7:00—8:00 P.M. Calm Down! Hate your parents Can’t stand your classmates Learn how to get along with people and manage difficult relationships with six essential techniques for dealing with anger successfully. May 6, 7:00—8:00 A．M. Good-bye to Procrastination Don’t put off what you could do today till tomorrow! Eliminate (淘汰) time wasters. Easy-to-apply ways that will get you using your time more efficiently than ever! May 6, 8:00—9:00 P.M. “Get Organized Now” Carl Hernandez, author, Finding Your Efficiency Zone “Test Like a Champion” Kate Yang, Director, Harley Testing Center “Good-bye to Procrastination” Bill Heiden, Manager, Hilton Hotel
19．If you are free on the evening of May 5th, you can attend ________.
A．Test like a Champion B．Be Confident!
C．Get Organized Now D．Good-bye to Procrastination
20．You often get into arguments with people around you. “________” might be useful.
A．Good-bye to Procrastination B．Be Confident!
C．Calm Down! D．Test like a Champion
21．Kate Yang, the professor you like best, will give a lecture at the learning center, you’ll arrive ________.
A．at 3:00 p.m., May 4th B．at 8:00 p.m., May 6th
C．at 8:00 a.m., May 4th D．at 7:00 p.m., May 5th
22．The underlined word “Procrastination” in the passage means ________.
A．拖延 B．浪费 C．懒惰 D．麻烦
23．Which of the following subtitles can be filled in the blank in the passage
A．Stop Worrying B．Make It Happen C．Don’t Waste Time! D．Keep It in Order!
24．The purpose of the upcoming events is to ________.
A．help apply for a new job B．help find important information quickly
C．help get started on big projects D．help people reach their goals
（2024·上海奉贤·统考一模）Today’s Motion
Students Should Not Be Graded on Their Handwriting
58% Say Yes
I am for the motion. “Don’t judge a book by its cover.” It is a suitable saying for this statement. A kid may not have good handwriting, but he or she could still be very very smart. For example, many great scientists’ handwriting is horrible, but they have risen to the top of their fields. Plus, even some doctors have bad handwriting, but we don’t care so much about it.
By Miniballball
Remember the future. In the future, many jobs won’t be available because of the rise of robots and technology. In the past, you would write a letter and send it. That was like 50 years ago. Now, we have emails. Everything will be automated (自动化) soon. So is there even a point to having a debate on handwriting NO, it really won’t matter at all!
By Little Cherry
42% Say No
Handwriting should decide students’ grades. This is because if your handwriting is bad, the teacher may not understand what you have written even though your answer is correct. Therefore, I strongly disagree with this motion. It’s worth nothing that handwriting doesn’t have to be very beautiful, but it can reflect (反映) a student’s attitude towards his or her studies.
By blue000n
Handwriting is important. It may not play a big part in this modern world, but it’s still very important to many people. In many jobs—more than most people think—having good, clear handwriting is necessary. If early on in school you get graded on your handwriting, then you can improve on it and get a better job in the future. Also, it’s been scientifically shown that children with good handwriting are able to spell and remember things better than children with bad handwriting.
By WallingCrib
25．There are ________ more votes for the motion than there are votes against it.
A．58% B．42% C．16% D．100%
26．The underlined word “it” from Miniballball’s message refers to ________.
A．a book’s cover B．some doctors’ bad handwriting
C．a kid’s poor handwriting D．great scientists’ horrible handwriting
27．Little Cherry thinks many jobs won’t be available in the future because ________.
A．no one will write letters B．robots and technology will develop quickly
C．people now have emails D．everything will be done by machines
28．According to blue000n, if a student’s handwriting is bad, ________.
A．the answer must be wrong
B．he/she can’t pass the exam
C．the teachers may misunderstand what he/she has written
D．it can’t reflect the attitude towards his or her studies
29．WallingCrib holds the opinion that ________.
A．handwriting isn’t necessary B．handwriting is important
C．handwriting should not be graded D．handwriting must be graded
30．We can read this passage on a/an ________.
A．local newspaper B．novel collection C．science magazine D．internet forum
（2024·上海松江·统考一模）
Life always has some precious memories that can be caught by a camera. Here are four photos chosen from thousands of ones. The photographers also share the stories behind these photos. Click “” to give your favourite one a like before January 30, 2024. The winner who receives the most likes will get a camera—Canon 4000D．
During the year my daughter Anna got into college, my father was suffering from Alzheimer’s (阿兹海默症). He kept talking about buying Anna a new phone as a present! I told him she had already got one, but he would ask several times every day. So I took this photo in the winter holiday. Whenever he asked about it, I would show him the photo. (Bob)
At first, Wang Ming said he looked down upon his job. But every time he delivered medicine to sick people, carried essential items for the elderly upstairs, or brought a warm dinner to those working overtime (加班), he realized the importance of his job. Gradually, he fell in love with it. I interviewed him and took a photo during his work. See, there’s sunshine in his smile. (Li Hao)
This is a photo of our family member, Tiantian. Look! How high she’s jumping! Over a year ago, we found a yellow kitten with a broken leg next to the rubbish bin. My daughter insisted on taking her to the hospital. At last, I agreed. To our great surprise, the doctor saved her leg and two months later, she became healthy again. (Jenny)
My wife Zoe is a runner. Running her first marathon in a wheelchair was really tough, but she worked hard to get ready for it. On the race day, she told me she felt a mix of excitement and nervousness. The cheers from the crowd gave her the energy to keep going. When she finally crossed the finish line, I caught this unforgettable moment. Being disabled doesn’t stop her from moving forward and achieving her goals. I’m so proud of my wife. (Peter)
31．We can probably read the page from a _________.
A．diary B．website C．book D．brochure
32．_________ has the best chance to win the prize of a camera so far.
A．Bob B．Li Hao C．Jenny D．Peter
33．The underlined word “it” refers to _________.
A．working overtime B．working as a delivery man
C．a photo during the work D．the sunshine in the smile
34．Which of the photos was posted by Jenny
A． B． C． D．
35．Peter tells the unforgettable experience of _________.
A．becoming a marathon runner
B．his first marathon in a wheelchair
C．his wife becoming a marathon runner
D．his wife’s first marathon in a wheelchair
36．Which of the following sentences is NOT TRUE
A．Bob took the photo to help his father remember Anna.
B．Wang Ming changed the attitude towards his job.
C．Jenny didn’t think it was possible to save Tiantian’s leg.
D．Zoe is probably a hard-working and strong-minded woman.
