2024年中考英语二轮复习专题：完形填空（上海专用）
·模块一 完形填空解题步骤与要领
·模块二 完形填空解题技巧
·模块三 2023、2024上海名校真题专练
第一步：细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意
细读首句: 明确短文话题，了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。
跳过空格，快速通读，领会大意，把握中心。
生词的处理；跳过、判断词性、了解大意、猜测。
第二步：上下联系，逐句阅读，先易后难，初定答案。
答案要求 语法正确, 搭配无误, 结构完整，意思通顺, 前后一致, 逻辑得当。
怎样分析： A. 从空格所在的句子单独考虑。
B. 从空格所在的前后2-3句考虑。
C. 从整个段落、整篇短文考虑。
思路一: 分析句子结构，从语法和句型结构考虑。
思路二: 理解句子含义，判断句义关系，从词汇的意义、用法和搭配考虑。
思路三: 把握整体意思，寻找答题线索，从上下文考虑。
思路四: 结合前后语境，进行逻辑推理，从日常生活常识考虑。
第三步： 复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚定信心。
▲怎样验证答案：
① 所选答案是否能使全文流畅，逻辑推理是否正确。
② 具体实事是否成立，前后关系是否理顺。
③ 语法是否正确，其中包括时态的选择、词汇选择、固定搭配等。
④ 在通读全文时最好在可能的条件下将所选答案填入文章中，反复阅读。
一、 完形填空的特点是什么？
完形填空是一种旨在考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25个词左右设一空。人名、 地名、日期等不在设空之列。隔词数越少，题目越难；反之亦然。
文体多以记叙文为主，首句通常不设空。考查内容集中在对名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词等实词的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不认得字、词语的情况下，能否通过推理判断、综合分析等全面理解文章的正确意思，然后把答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。
二、完形填空题的设置方法
1. 句子层次的设空 （从词汇、惯用法, 语法规则的实际应用方面进行设计）
指那些只需读懂“空格”所在句子便可选出答案的题目，包括词义识别，同义词辨析，英语惯用法, 语法规则的实际应用。
例1：When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of(养成…的习惯) taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long you’ll be doing it without thinking.
( ) 86. A. hang them up B. leave them alone C. put them on D. throw them away
2. 句群层次的设空 (从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力)
指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目。这种题目相对较难，但只要你能根据上下文的内容进行考虑，一定能选出正确的答案。
①前制性设空：即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。
例1：It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to ____ in front of all the teachers and students of my school!
A. write B. speak C. sing D. dance
②后制性设空：指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目，即在下文某处有提示。
例1：Nobody ____ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you don’t like me …”
A. believed B. liked C. hated D. knew
3. 语篇性设空 (从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力)
指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。这种题目难度较高，需要我们在全面理解文章的正确意思下才能做出正确的选择，这种题目主要用于拉开优秀生与其他学生的分数，但题目不会太多。
例：Sometimes you may not understand your parents….You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents’ point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough.
( ) 90. A. In addition B. In return C. At most D. At last
三、具体的解题方法与技巧
在解题时，除了运用“前制性设空”、“后制性设空”和“语篇性设空”的知识进行解题外，还有下面三种方法与技巧可供参考。
（1）语意第一，语法第二原则。 根据文化背景和生活常识，利用上下文线索，分析并列句的因果关系，可以选出正确答案。
例1：A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old man's garden and talking about ______ ．
A.trees B.flowers C.children D.old people
【点拨】【A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old man's garden, and talking about __________. The young man said, "How strict should parents be with their children 】
（2）语法正确，注意细节的原则。
在语意正确的前题下，还要根据学过的语法知识，词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面选择正确答案。如：
例1：Mr Evans is an old man of about sixty, His wife died a few years ago. His children ______ him by then．
A.left B.would leave C.have left D.had left
（3）从语法方面，根据所给答案的不同词类，从不同角度分别考虑选择。
a.名词的选择，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致。
b.动词的选择，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。考虑动词的时态、语态和是否是要填入非谓语动词。
c.介词的选择，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。
d.代词的选择，要注意性(男或女)、数(单复数)、格(主格、宾格、形代、名代)是否准确。
e.连词的选择，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。
f.形容词和副词的选择，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意比较级和最高级等。
一、完形填空
（2023上·上海杨浦·九年级统考期中） Would you eat an insect It might sound disgusting, but insects have actually been part of 1 diets in many parts of the world. In Thailand, fried crickets are a popular snack. In Ghana, eating termites helps people get the protein they need. And in Mexico, ant eggs fried in butter are thought to be delicious.
Moreover, eating insects could be the 2 to world hunger. Many people around the world don’t have enough food to eat. Meanwhile, the earth’s population keeps growing. It is said that it will reach 9,000,000,000 by the year 2050. Also, we are quickly running out of new land to use for farming and raising animals. The number of fish in our oceans is also decreasing, because of pollution and overfishing. On the other hand, there are plenty of insects available; this is why a United Nations（UN）report 3 using insects as food.
Insects are not only more than enough but also good for your health. They contain lots of protein and important nutrients. Locusts, for example, actually contain more iron than beef does. Moreover, raising insects for food is better for the environment than raising other animals, because they 4 less land, food and water. Also, farm animals like cows and pigs give our harmful greenhouse gases into the air after they eat. Insects release greenhouse gases too, but not as much as other animals. 5 they can breakdown the waste and dead bodies of other animals, returning their nutrients to the soil.
Insects are already being eaten by many people across the world. Even if it seems 6 , we should keep an open mind. It could mean the difference between life and death for starving people around the world.
Word box disgusting adj.恶心的 protein n.蛋白质 nutrient n.营养物 starving adj.饿极了的
1．A．healthy B．traditional C．faithful D．natural
2．A．answer B．problem C．cause D．source
3．A．discusses B．imagines C．suggests D．considers
4．A．include B．control C．require D．waste
5．A．Instead B．As a result C．In fact D．What’s more
6．A．wonderful B．strange C．popular D．simple
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．C 6．B
【导语】本文主要讲述了昆虫是世界上许多地方饮食的一部分，它可以解决很多饥饿问题，我们应该保持开放的心态。
1．句意：这听起来可能很恶心，但昆虫实际上是世界上许多地方传统饮食的一部分。
healthy健康的；traditional传统的；faithful忠诚的；natural自然的。根据“In Thailand, fried crickets are a popular snack. In Ghana, eating termites helps people get the protein they need. And in Mexico, ant eggs fried in butter are thought to be delicious.”可知说的是昆虫实际上是世界上许多地方传统饮食的一部分。故选B。
2．句意：此外，吃昆虫可能是解决世界饥饿问题的答案。
answer答案；problem问题；cause原因；source来源。根据“Many people around the world don’t have enough food to eat.”可知世界上许多人没有足够的食物吃，所以吃昆虫可能是解决世界饥饿问题的答案。故选A。
3．句意：这就是为什么联合国(UN)的一份报告建议将昆虫作为食物。
discusses讨论；imagines想象；suggests建议；considers考虑。根据“this is why a United Nations（UN）report...using insects as food.”可知联合国报告建议把昆虫作为食物。故选C。
4．句意：此外，饲养昆虫作为食物比饲养其他动物对环境更好，因为它们需要更少的土地、食物和水。
include包括；control控制；require需要，要求；waste浪费。根据“because they...less land, food and water.”可知饲养昆虫需要更少的土地、食物和水。故选C。
5．句意：事实上，它们可以分解废物和其他动物的尸体，将它们的营养物质归还给土壤。
Instead代替；As a result结果是；In fact事实上；What’s more此外。根据“they can breakdown the waste and dead bodies of other animals, returning their nutrients to the soil.”可知此处讲述的是一个关于昆虫的事实情况，应用in fact，故选C。
6．句意：即使看起来很奇怪，我们也应该保持开放的心态。
wonderful美妙的；strange奇怪的；popular受欢迎的；simple简单的。根据“Insects are already being eaten by many people across the world.”以及后句“we should keep an open mind.”可知有很多人吃昆虫，这在我们的认知里是很奇怪的，故选B。
（2023上·上海静安·九年级校考期中）Choose the best words or expressions and complete the passage.
The Letter That Changed a Life
A letter changed Levi Strauss’s life. In 1849 gold was discovered in California. Thousands of people rushed to California in 7 of finding gold and becoming wealthy. The people hoping to find gold were foolish and greedy. One of those who headed for California was Levi Strauss. Strauss was different. Strauss was a clever, hard-working man. He was 8 a new start in life. Up to this time, Strauss had worked for his two brothers in New York City. The brothers sold clothes and blankets and other goods. Strauss planned to set up a 9 business to his brothers’ in California.
Over the years, Strauss’s business grew. In 1872 he got a letter from one of his customers, a tailor (裁缝) in Nevada. The tailor, Jacob Davis, had an idea for making better work pants. The pockets on work pants often tore. Jacob Davis 10 metal rivets (铆钉) to the pockets. Rivets are pieces of metal used to join things together. The rivets worked well, and the miners liked them. Davis didn’t have enough money to get a patent for his invention. He also needed help making the pants. In his 11 , Davis said that if they worked together, the two of them ‘‘could make a very large amount of money’’.
Strauss could see that riveted work pants were a good idea. He agreed to help Davis. The two decided to make the pants. They decided to use denim cloth because it is a strong cloth that doesn’t tear easily and is long lasting. 12 , the riveted denims were called ‘‘dungarees’’. Dungarees is a word from the Hindi language of India that means “rough cloth”. Because they were tough and durable, dungarees were worn by thousands of farmers, miners, builders, and other workers. Later, dungarees came to be called “jeans”. “Jeans” is a better name for the pants than “dungarees”.
7．A．favour B．hopes C．honour D．charge
8．A．looking at B．looking up C．looking for D．looking after
9．A．different B．general C．familiar D．similar
10．A．added B．preferred C．changed D．returned
11．A．diary B．letter C．book D．invitation
12．A．In addition B．Instead C．At first D．However
【答案】7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．C
【导语】本文主要讲的是一封信改变了Levi Strauss的一生。
7．句意：成千上万的人涌向加利福尼亚，希望找到黄金并变得富有。
favour赞同；hopes希望；honour尊敬；charge指责。根据下文“The people hoping to find gold were foolish and greedy.”可知，此处指的是人们希望找到黄金并变得富有。故选B。
8．句意：他在寻找生活的新开始。
looking at看；looking up查阅；looking for寻找；looking after照顾。根据上文“Strauss was a clever, hard-working man.”可知，Strauss在寻找生活的新开始。故选C。
9．句意：施特劳斯计划在加利福尼亚建立一家与他兄弟相似的公司。
different不同的；general普遍的；familiar熟悉的；similar相似的。根据“The brothers sold clothes and blankets and other goods. Strauss planned to set up a... business to his brothers’ in California.”可知，此处指建一个与他兄弟相似的公司。故选D。
10．句意：雅各布·戴维斯在口袋上添加了金属铆钉。
added添加；preferred更喜爱；changed改变；returned返回。根据“The pockets on work pants often tore. Jacob Davis…metal rivets to the pockets.”可知，工作裤上的口袋经常破，Jacob Davis在口袋上添加了金属铆钉；add…to…“将……添加到……”，为固定短语。故选A。
11．句意：戴维斯在信中说，如果他们一起工作，他们两个“可以赚一大笔钱”。
diary日记；letter信；book书；invitation邀请。根据上文“In 1872 he got a letter from one of his customers, a tailor in Nevada. The tailor, Jacob Davis, had an idea for making better work pants.”可知，此处指的是在Davis的信中。故选B。
12．句意：起初，铆钉牛仔裤被称为“工作服”。
In addition此外；Instead代替；At first起初；However然而。根据下文“Later, dungarees came to be called ‘jeans’.”可知，此处是介绍起初铆钉牛仔裤的名称。故选C。
（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校考期中）Are you at the top, in the middle, or at the bottom in your class Teachers and schools are not 13 to rank（把……分等级）students in this way, but it’s hard not to. And every student knows where he or she stands in relation to other students. Like it or not, there is 14 in the classroom.
Teachers and schools are always focused（聚焦） on getting the best out of each student. They provide lessons, homework and extra help 15 all students can pass exams and get the education they need. But not all can be top students. Some students are just smarter than others, and some students just work harder than others. So, does ranking 16 matter
A school in Inner Mongolia (内蒙古) thinks it does. They used to give bright red uniforms to the top 100 students in their school. And another school in Xi’an made students with poor grades wear green scarves. Those schools were trying to motivate（激励） students to 17 better by using rewards and punishment. But this kind of motivation can be harmful. In fact, students can also find motivation within themselves. When you’re trying to “be the best that you 18 be,” ranking is unimportant.
13．A．imagined B．allowed C．refused D．planned
14．A．pain B．fun C．competition D．friendship
15．A．so that B．what’s more C．because D．whether
16．A．just B．only C．exactly D．really
17．A．perform B．think C．serve D．play
18．A．must B．should C．can D．need
【答案】13．B 14．C 15．A 16．D 17．A 18．C
【导语】本文讨论的是有没有必要把学生分等级及排名重不重要。
13．句意：学校和老师不允许把学生以这种方式分等级。
imagined想象；allowed允许；refused拒绝；planned计划。根据“ Teachers and schools are not...to rank（把……分等级）students in this way, but it’s hard not to”可知，是不被允许分等级。故选B。
14．句意：喜不喜欢，在教室里都有竞争。
pain疼痛；fun趣事；competition比赛；friendship友谊。根据“Teachers and schools are not...to rank（把……分等级）students in this way, but it’s hard not to”可知，要分等级，所以是存在竞争。故选C。
15．句意：他们提供课、家庭作业和额外的帮助以至于所有的学生可以能通过考试得到他们需要的教育。
so that为了；what’s more此外；because因为；whether是否。根据横线后是表达目的，所以是so that。故选A。
16．句意：因此排名真得重要吗？
just只；only只；exactly确切地；really真的。根据“But not all can be top students. Some students are just smarter than others, and some students just work harder than others”可知，此处表示质疑排名真的重要吗，所以是really。故选D。
17．句意：那些学校正尝试通过使用奖励和惩罚来刺激学生表现得更好。
perform工作，执行，表演；think认为；serve服务；play玩。根据“They used to give bright red uniforms to the top 100 students in their school. And another school in Xi’an made students with poor grades wear green scarves”可知，是用奖励和惩罚来刺激学生表现得好，所以是perform。故选A。
18．句意：当你尝试“成为你所能的最好”排名是不重要的。
must必须；should应该；can能；need需要。根据语境成为你所能够的最好，自己能力所能达到的。故选C。
（2024·上海崇明·统考一模）Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文)
On 20 February, Sadiq Khan, the Mayor of London, announced a plan to offer free school meals to all primary school pupils in London in the next academic year. Khan’s plan will help around 270,000 pupils and will cost 130 million.
In recent years, the cost of basic items like food and energy has gone up, putting pressure on some families. Research shows that when children have a healthy 19 they learn more in class. Khan had free school meals when he was younger, and he told The Week Junior, “It is important for everyone to eat the 20 food together. Meals are a time to sit and talk to your friends. No one should be made to feel different or have to sit at another table because they get free meals.”
The plan won’t start until September because kitchens require time to 21 more staff and get ready to make more lunches. Khan said, “If overnight, every school in London had to do free school meals, there would be chaos (混乱) in the kitchens.”
The 22 for who gets free school meals are different all over the UK. In the rest of England, all pupils from Reception to Year 2 are given free meals. Older children in England and Scotland from eligible families (those who can prove they require them) 23 get free meals. In Northern Ireland, free meals are only available to children from eligible families. In Wales, from 2024 all primary school children will get them.
Victoria Benson from Gingerbread, a charity that supports single parents, said the plan “will be a huge relief (减轻) to many parents that their child will now be fed at school.” However, not everyone 24 the plan. Some people think all secondary school pupils should be given free meals too. Others say free meals should only be given to those who really require them.
19．A．diet B．memory C．habit D．idea
20．A．expensive B．simple C．same D．cheap
21．A．interview B．buy C．train D．discover
22．A．rules B．programs C．results D．prices
23．A．ever B．never C．still D．also
24．A．depends on B．agrees with C．looks at D．works out
【答案】19．A 20．C 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了英国各地关于免费校餐的规定和计划以及人们的反响。
19．句意：研究表明，当孩子们有健康的饮食时，他们在课堂上学得更多。
diet饮食；memory记忆；habit习惯；idea主意。根据下文“It is important for everyone to eat the...food together. Meals are a time to sit and talk to your friends.”可知，这里指的是饮食，故选A。
20．句意：每个人在一起吃同样的食物很重要。
expensive昂贵的；simple简单的；same相同的；cheap便宜的。根据下文“No one should be made to feel different or have to sit at another table because they get free meals.”和“It is important for everyone to eat the...food together”可知，学校里的学生吃相同的食物很重要，故选C。
21．句意：这项计划要到9月份才会开始实施，因为厨房需要时间来培训更多的员工，并准备做更多的午餐。
interview采访；buy买；train培训；discover发现。根据“kitchens require time to...more staff and get ready to make more lunches”可知，做更多的午餐，需要培训更多的员工，故选C。
22．句意：英国各地关于免费校餐的规定各不相同。
rules规定；programs节目；results结果；prices价格。根据下文“In the rest of England, all pupils from Reception to Year 2 are given free meals”和“In Northern Ireland, free meals are only available to children from eligible families. In Wales, from 2024 all primary school children will get them.”可知，这里是说英国各地不同的规定，故选A。
23．句意：在英格兰和苏格兰，年龄较大的孩子来自符合条件的家庭(那些能证明他们需要这些家庭的人)也可以免费用餐。
ever曾经；never从不；still仍然；also也。根据“In the rest of England, all pupils from Reception to Year 2 are given free meals”可知，在英格兰，二年级及以下的学生可以免费用餐，同样在英格兰和苏格兰，年龄较大的孩子来自符合条件的家庭也可以免费用餐。故选D。
24．句意：然而，并不是每个人都同意这个计划。
depends on依靠；agrees with同意；looks at看；works out解决。根据“Some people think all secondary school pupils should be given free meals too. Others say free meals should only be given to those who really require them.”可知，也有人不同意这个计划，故选B。
（2024·上海奉贤·统考一模）Why do kids need braces
Do you have braces (牙箍) If not, you probably know someone who does. Even if you don’t have braces right now, you might need them one day.
Braces are a way of improving how teeth look and how they work. The metal wires work by putting pressure on the teeth, to slowly move them in the right direction. The rubber bands help to adjust the alignment (排列) of your teeth. Working together, the wires and rubber bands straighten your teeth and 25 .
Different kids have different feelings about braces. Some can’t wait to get them because they know that they’ll improve their smile.
Others 26 how braces will change how they look. Many are afraid of being uncomfortable. It’s Okay to have these worries, but kids who get braces often find they have no reason to worry.
Braces are just tools that dentists use to 27 the alignment of your teeth. Not all teeth grow straight, and this is 28 . But braces can help straighten or move teeth so that they can do their jobs as well as possible.
Years ago, braces were made of thick metal that was very easy to notice. Today, they look much better. Sometimes, you can get braces that go on the back of your teeth. 29 these developments, braces aren’t as noticeable today as they once were.
Most kids have to wear braces for only a couple of years or so. After the braces are taken off, they may have to wear a retainer (保持器) for a while. This makes sure the teeth don’t go back to where they had been before. With the help of a retainer, their teeth will fit into their new 30 .
Finally, they will be able to throw the retainer away and smile about it!
25．A．move them up B．line them up C．mess them up D．hold them up
26．A．talk about B．think about C．worry about D．complain about
27．A．correct B．check C．cancel D．connect
28．A．natural B．strange C．unusual D．ugly
29．A．In charge of B．In case of C．Thanks to D．Compared to
30．A．settings B．locations C．platforms D．bottoms
【答案】25．B 26．C 27．A 28．A 29．C 30．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了为什么孩子需要牙箍，以及牙套的作用和使用情况。
25．句意：金属丝和橡皮筋共同作用，使你的牙齿拉直并排列整齐。
move them up 把它们向上移动；line them up 把它们排成一行；mess them up把它们搞砸了；hold them up举起它们来。根据句意和常识可知，应是金属丝和橡皮筋一起工作，使你的牙齿变直并排成一行。故选 B。
26．句意：其他人则担心牙套会如何改变它们的外观。
talk about谈论；think about考虑；worry about担心；complain about抱怨。根据下文“how braces will change how they look.”可知，应是其他人担心。故选C。
27．句意：牙套只是牙医用来矫正牙齿排列的工具。
correct矫正；check检查；cancel取消；connect连接。根据句意可知，牙套只是用来矫正牙齿排列的工具。故选A。
28．句意：并不是所有的牙齿都长直，这是很自然的。
natural自然的；strange奇怪的；unusual不寻常的；ugly丑陋的。根据上句“Not all teeth grow straight.”可知，牙齿没长直是自然的。故选A。
29．句意：由于这些发展，今天的牙套不像以前那么引人注目了。
In charge of负责；In case of 以防万一； Thanks to由于、多亏； Compared to 与……相比。根据下句“…braces aren’t as noticeable today as they once were.”可知，应该是由于这些发展。故选C。
30．句意：在保持器的帮助下，它们的牙齿将适应新的位置。
settings设置；locations位置；platforms台；bottoms底部。根据上句“This makes sure the teeth don’t go back to where they had been before”可知，是牙齿将适应新的位置。故选B。
（2024·上海嘉定·统考一模）Every year, wildfires destroy millions of hectares of forest land. Homes are damaged, and thousands of people die. Smokejumpers help to stop this.
Smokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They jump from planes or are lowered by helicopters into areas that are 31 to reach by car or on foot, such as the middle of a mountain forest. They race to put out fires as fast as they can.
At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide 32 to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fire from spreading or to slow its progress 33 ground-based firefighters arrive. Using basic equipment such as shovels (铲子) and axes (斧头), smokejumpers clear land of burnable material, like dry grass and dead trees. They carry water with them, too, but only a limited amount.
Most smokejumpers are men. The most important factors are your height and 34 . Smokejumpers employed in the United States must be between 54 and 91 kilograms so they don’t get blown away by the strong winds or get 35 when they land.
The work is dangerous, and the hours are long. But for these firefighters, smoke jumping isn’t just a job. They 36 being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 28-year-old Russian smokejumper Alexi says, “This is the best job for tough guys.”
31．A．hard B．serious C．safe D．close
32．A．where B．why C．what D．how
33．A．if B．though C．before D．because
34．A．nationality B．weight C．sex D．age
35．A．hurt B．lost C．angry D．sick
36．A．imagine B．deny C．mind D．love
【答案】31．A 32．D 33．C 34．B 35．A 36．D
【导语】本文主要介绍什么是空降消防员，他们要做什么，现状和任职要求等。
31．句意：他们从飞机上跳下来，或者由直升机降落到汽车或步行难以到达的地方，比如山林中央。
hard难的；serious严肃的；safe安全的；close亲密的。根据“They jump from planes or are lowered by helicopters into areas that are...to reach by car or on foot, such as the middle of a mountain forest.”可知，到达难以到达的地方，故选A。
32．句意：在火灾现场，消防员首先检查土地并决定如何灭火。
where在哪里；why为什么；what什么；how如何。根据“At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide...to fight the fire.”可知，要决定如何灭火。故选D。
33．句意：他们的主要目标是在地面消防员到达之前阻止火势蔓延或减缓火势的发展。
if如果；though虽然；before在……之前；because因为。根据“Their main goal is to stop a fire from spreading or to slow its progress...ground-based firefighters arrive.”可知，在地面消防员到达之前阻止火势蔓延或减缓火势的发展，用before“在……之前”引导时间状语从句，故选C。
34．句意：最重要的因素是你的身高和体重。
nationality民族；weight体重；sex性别；age年龄。根据“Smokejumpers employed in the United States must be between 54 and 91 kilograms”可知，此处提到体重，故选B。
35．句意：在美国雇佣的跳伞运动员必须在54到91公斤之间，这样他们才不会被强风吹走或在着陆时受伤。
hurt受伤的；lost丢失的；angry生气的；sick生病的。根据“so they don’t get blown away by the strong winds or get...when they land.”可知，不会被强风吹走或在着陆时受伤。故选A。
36．句意：他们喜欢从飞机上跳下来，灭火，住在森林里。
imagine想象；deny否认；mind介意；love爱。根据“They...being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest.”可知，他们喜欢从飞机上跳下来，灭火，住在森林里。故选D。
（2024·上海松江·统考一模）Choose the best words and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词完成短文)
The small town of Hay, on the River Wye, sits on the border between England and Wales. You can 37 reach it on small country roads since the transport is not developed so fast there.
The town was a 38 place until 1961. That year a local man called Richard Booth came back from a trip to the USA with a lot of second-hand books. He bought the town’s old fire station and changed it into a shop to sell them. For the next ten years, he bought more empty shops and made them into bookshops, too. 39 Hay became the world’s first “book town”.
With the money he made, Booth bought the town’s old castle. On April Fool’s Day in 1977, he declared (宣布) himself “king” and said the place was now an independent 40 ! His horse was the head of the government, and he even gave people passports. Some local people thought he was a little mad.
He wasn’t crazy at all, and the 41 made more people come to Hay to buy second-hand books. By the 1980s there were a large number of books on sale, on 15km of shelves in over 30 bookshops.
Then in 1988 aliterature (文学) festival began. Writers came to 42 about their new books, along with scientists, politicians and even the President of the USA!
The “king” is old now, but he still likes selling books and now there are book towns in many different countries in Europe. Not bad for something that started in a small town of 1300 people.
37．A．also B．just C．even D．only
38．A．quiet B．noisy C．famous D．dirty
39．A．For example B．What’s more C．As a result D．In fact
40．A．village B．town C．city D．country
41．A．story B．joke C．accident D．tradition
42．A．ask B．talk C．think D．complain
【答案】37．D 38．A 39．C 40．D 41．B 42．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了位于英格兰和威尔士的边界上的怀伊河畔的图书小镇海伊的发展。
37．句意：你只有通过乡间小路到达那里，因为那里的交通不发达。
also也；just只是；even甚至；only只有。根据“since the transport is not developed so fast there.”可知，因为那里的交通不发达，所以只有通过乡间小路才能到达那里。故选D。
38．句意：在1961年以前，这个小镇是一个安静的地方。
quiet安静的；noisy吵闹的；famous著名的；dirty脏的。根据“Hay became the world ' s first " book town.”可知，成为"书城"后小镇会很热闹，所以之前的小镇是一个安静的地方。故选A 。
39．句意：因此，海伊成为了世界上第一个"书城"。
For example例如；What’s more而且；As a result因此，结果；In fact实际上。根据“That year a local man called Richard Booth came back from a trip to the USA with a lot... and made them into bookshops, too.” 可知，Richard Booth带回很多二手书、买下了旧消防站用来作商店卖书，随后买下了更多的空店铺，也把它们改造成了书店。这一系列的行动最后结果让海伊成为了世界上第一个"书城"。故选C。
40．句意：在1977年的愚人节，他宣布自己是"国王"，并说这个地方现在是一个独立的国家！
village乡村；town小镇；city城市；country国家。根据“he declared (宣布) himself “king”可知，他宣布自己是“国王”，所以会宣称这个地方现在是一个独立的国家。故选D。
41．句意：他一点也不疯狂，这个玩笑让更多的人来海伊买二手书。
story故事；joke玩笑； accident事故；tradition传统。根据前文“On April Fool ' s Day in 1977, he declared (宣布) himself “king” and said the place was now an independent country!”可知，他宣布自己是"国王"，并说这个地方现在是一个独立的国家！这本身就是一个玩笑。故选B。
42．句意：作家们来讨论他们的新书，还有科学家、政治家，甚至美国总统！
ask询问；talk讨论；think认为；complain抱怨。根据“Writers came to ... about their new books” 及结合选项可知，是指讨论他们的新书。talk about为固定搭配，表示“讨论”。故选B。
（2023上·上海普陀·九年级统考期中）Discovering the Power of Placebos (安慰剂)
A little girl cries after falling and bumping her knee against the ground. Her father rushes over and looks closely at the leg. “I’ll kiss it and make it better,” he says. The kiss works. The girl sniffles (抽噎), then jumps up and gets back to playing. Her pain is 43 .
Things like this one happen on playgrounds and in homes around the world every day. When a child gets a bump or bruise (淤伤), says better Ulrike Bingel, “Someone will blow the pain away.” Bingel is a doctor at a Germany university.
A caring adult seems to have the ability to stop a child’s pain with a puff of air, a kiss or even just a few kind words. 44 , none of these things can repair injured skin. So what’s happening Doctors call it the placebo effect. It describes what happens when something that should have no effect leads to a(n) 45 positive change in someone’s body.
Placebos are a very 46 part of medical research. To prove that a new medicine works, researchers must show that the people who are taking a new drug will be in much better health than those who are taking a placebo. This placebo is usually a pill and it 47 the same as the new medicine but contains no medicine. At times a person may feel better after taking a placebo pill though the pill did not act on any disease.
This placebo response isn’t an illusion (幻觉). It comes from the brain. A placebo effect can only influence body processes that the brain can change like a pain. “Placebos can’t fight cancer,” Bingel says. But they can change how 48 someone experiences pain or other illness.” Bingel and his team are working to better understand what brain processes make this happen.
43．A．delivered B．forgotten C．forgiven D．increased
44．A．For example B．Now and then C．Of course D．In the end
45．A．correct B．strange C．real D．easy
46．A．attractive B．important C．natural D．different
47．A．looks B．becomes C．keeps D．thinks
48．A．commonly B．hardly C．slightly D．strongly
【答案】43．B 44．C 45．C 46．B 47．A 48．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了安慰剂对人们疾病或疼痛感知的减轻具有重要作用。
43．句意：她的疼痛被遗忘了。
delivered递送；forgotten忘记；forgiven原谅；increased增加。由“The kiss works. The girl sniffles, then jumps up and gets back to playing.”可知，父亲的吻起作用了，让她暂时忘记了摔倒的痛苦。故选B。
44．句意：当然，这些东西都不能修复受伤的皮肤。
For example比如；Now and then有时；Of course当然；In the end最后。由“... none of these things can repair injured skin. So what’s happening Doctors call it the placebo effect.”可知，伤口是受到安慰剂的影响，才不觉疼痛，并不能通过家人的关心得到实质性恢复。故选C。
45．句意：它描述了当一些不应该有任何影响的事情导致某人身体发生真正的积极变化时会发生什么。
correct正确的；strange陌生的；real真正的；easy简单的。由上文女孩的例子可知，一些事情会真实地影响人身体发生变化。故选C。
46．句意：安慰剂是医学研究的重要组成部分。
attractive有吸引力的；important重要的；natural自然的；different不同的。由“To prove that a new medicine works, researchers must show that the people who are taking a new drug will be in much better health than those who are taking a placebo.”可知，在研究新药物的时候研究人员会将其与安慰剂的作用进行对比，说明安慰剂在医学研究领域很重要。故选B。
47．句意：这种安慰剂通常是一种药丸，它看起来与新药一样，但不包含任何药物。
looks看起来；becomes变得；keeps保持；thinks思考。由“... but contains no medicine.”可知，前后语义转折，后半句说不含任何药物，可推断前半句说的是看着像药物。故选A。
48．句意：但是它们可以改变人们经历疼痛或其他疾病的强烈程度。
commonly通常；hardly几乎不；slightly稍微；strongly强烈地。由“Placebos can’t fight cancer ...”可知，前后语义转折，前半句说安慰剂不能治愈癌症，后半句转折，结合前文所说的安慰剂使人减轻痛苦的内容，可推断意思为安慰剂可以改变人们经历疼痛或其他疾病的强烈程度。故选D。2024年中考英语二轮复习专题：完形填空（上海专用）
·模块一 完形填空解题步骤与要领
·模块二 完形填空解题技巧
·模块三 2023、2024上海名校真题专练
第一步：细读首句，跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意
细读首句: 明确短文话题，了解篇章结构,预测全文内容。
跳过空格，快速通读，领会大意，把握中心。
生词的处理；跳过、判断词性、了解大意、猜测。
第二步：上下联系，逐句阅读，先易后难，初定答案。
答案要求 语法正确, 搭配无误, 结构完整，意思通顺, 前后一致, 逻辑得当。
怎样分析： A. 从空格所在的句子单独考虑。
B. 从空格所在的前后2-3句考虑。
C. 从整个段落、整篇短文考虑。
思路一: 分析句子结构，从语法和句型结构考虑。
思路二: 理解句子含义，判断句义关系，从词汇的意义、用法和搭配考虑。
思路三: 把握整体意思，寻找答题线索，从上下文考虑。
思路四: 结合前后语境，进行逻辑推理，从日常生活常识考虑。
第三步： 复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案，坚定信心。
▲怎样验证答案：
① 所选答案是否能使全文流畅，逻辑推理是否正确。
② 具体实事是否成立，前后关系是否理顺。
③ 语法是否正确，其中包括时态的选择、词汇选择、固定搭配等。
④ 在通读全文时最好在可能的条件下将所选答案填入文章中，反复阅读。
一、 完形填空的特点是什么？
完形填空是一种旨在考查考生的阅读能力、逻辑推理及分析归纳、综合判断能力的典型题，难易程度与初中教材相当，词数在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25个词左右设一空。人名、 地名、日期等不在设空之列。隔词数越少，题目越难；反之亦然。
文体多以记叙文为主，首句通常不设空。考查内容集中在对名词、动词、代词、形容词和副词等实词的理解上。完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不认得字、词语的情况下，能否通过推理判断、综合分析等全面理解文章的正确意思，然后把答案填入空白处，使短文前后连贯、意思通顺、结构完整合理。它的一个显著特点就是突出语篇，即重在文意的干扰，把具体的语言知识融进具体的语言情境中去，考查学生通过上下文对整体文意进行把握的能力。
二、完形填空题的设置方法
1. 句子层次的设空 （从词汇、惯用法, 语法规则的实际应用方面进行设计）
指那些只需读懂“空格”所在句子便可选出答案的题目，包括词义识别，同义词辨析，英语惯用法, 语法规则的实际应用。
例1：When you take your clothes off, remember to 86 . Get into the habit of(养成…的习惯) taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before long you’ll be doing it without thinking.
( ) 86. A. hang them up B. leave them alone C. put them on D. throw them away
2. 句群层次的设空 (从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力)
指根据上下文的内容，经过推理判断可以得到答案的题目。这种题目相对较难，但只要你能根据上下文的内容进行考虑，一定能选出正确的答案。
①前制性设空：即根据上文有关内容即可确定答案的题目。
例1：It was an English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part in it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to ____ in front of all the teachers and students of my school!
A. write B. speak C. sing D. dance
②后制性设空：指那些需要根据下文内容才能选出正确答案的题目，即在下文某处有提示。
例1：Nobody ____ him in the village. One day he said to them, “I know you don’t like me …”
A. believed B. liked C. hated D. knew
3. 语篇性设空 (从语篇角度综合测试考生的阅读理解能力)
指那些需要联系全文的情境、内容才能确定正确答案的设空。这种题目难度较高，需要我们在全面理解文章的正确意思下才能做出正确的选择，这种题目主要用于拉开优秀生与其他学生的分数，但题目不会太多。
例：Sometimes you may not understand your parents….You might not want to eat, but think of it from the parents’ point of view. If you cook two meals a day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get Imagine how your parents feel when you say you’re not really hungry. 90 , your parents are probably worried that you aren’t eating enough.
( ) 90. A. In addition B. In return C. At most D. At last
三、具体的解题方法与技巧
在解题时，除了运用“前制性设空”、“后制性设空”和“语篇性设空”的知识进行解题外，还有下面三种方法与技巧可供参考。
（1）语意第一，语法第二原则。 根据文化背景和生活常识，利用上下文线索，分析并列句的因果关系，可以选出正确答案。
例1：A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old man's garden and talking about ______ ．
A.trees B.flowers C.children D.old people
【点拨】【A young father was visiting an old neighbor. They were standing in the old man's garden, and talking about __________. The young man said, "How strict should parents be with their children 】
（2）语法正确，注意细节的原则。
在语意正确的前题下，还要根据学过的语法知识，词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面选择正确答案。如：
例1：Mr Evans is an old man of about sixty, His wife died a few years ago. His children ______ him by then．
A.left B.would leave C.have left D.had left
（3）从语法方面，根据所给答案的不同词类，从不同角度分别考虑选择。
a.名词的选择，应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词，注意其性和数的一致。
b.动词的选择，要注意词义和惯用搭配，还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。考虑动词的时态、语态和是否是要填入非谓语动词。
c.介词的选择，应注意其惯用法，特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。
d.代词的选择，要注意性(男或女)、数(单复数)、格(主格、宾格、形代、名代)是否准确。
e.连词的选择，要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。
f.形容词和副词的选择，要注意词义的区别，用于比较时，还要注意比较级和最高级等。
一、完形填空
（2023上·上海杨浦·九年级统考期中） Would you eat an insect It might sound disgusting, but insects have actually been part of 1 diets in many parts of the world. In Thailand, fried crickets are a popular snack. In Ghana, eating termites helps people get the protein they need. And in Mexico, ant eggs fried in butter are thought to be delicious.
Moreover, eating insects could be the 2 to world hunger. Many people around the world don’t have enough food to eat. Meanwhile, the earth’s population keeps growing. It is said that it will reach 9,000,000,000 by the year 2050. Also, we are quickly running out of new land to use for farming and raising animals. The number of fish in our oceans is also decreasing, because of pollution and overfishing. On the other hand, there are plenty of insects available; this is why a United Nations（UN）report 3 using insects as food.
Insects are not only more than enough but also good for your health. They contain lots of protein and important nutrients. Locusts, for example, actually contain more iron than beef does. Moreover, raising insects for food is better for the environment than raising other animals, because they 4 less land, food and water. Also, farm animals like cows and pigs give our harmful greenhouse gases into the air after they eat. Insects release greenhouse gases too, but not as much as other animals. 5 they can breakdown the waste and dead bodies of other animals, returning their nutrients to the soil.
Insects are already being eaten by many people across the world. Even if it seems 6 , we should keep an open mind. It could mean the difference between life and death for starving people around the world.
Word box disgusting adj.恶心的 protein n.蛋白质 nutrient n.营养物 starving adj.饿极了的
1．A．healthy B．traditional C．faithful D．natural
2．A．answer B．problem C．cause D．source
3．A．discusses B．imagines C．suggests D．considers
4．A．include B．control C．require D．waste
5．A．Instead B．As a result C．In fact D．What’s more
6．A．wonderful B．strange C．popular D．simple
（2023上·上海静安·九年级校考期中）Choose the best words or expressions and complete the passage.
The Letter That Changed a Life
A letter changed Levi Strauss’s life. In 1849 gold was discovered in California. Thousands of people rushed to California in 7 of finding gold and becoming wealthy. The people hoping to find gold were foolish and greedy. One of those who headed for California was Levi Strauss. Strauss was different. Strauss was a clever, hard-working man. He was 8 a new start in life. Up to this time, Strauss had worked for his two brothers in New York City. The brothers sold clothes and blankets and other goods. Strauss planned to set up a 9 business to his brothers’ in California.
Over the years, Strauss’s business grew. In 1872 he got a letter from one of his customers, a tailor (裁缝) in Nevada. The tailor, Jacob Davis, had an idea for making better work pants. The pockets on work pants often tore. Jacob Davis 10 metal rivets (铆钉) to the pockets. Rivets are pieces of metal used to join things together. The rivets worked well, and the miners liked them. Davis didn’t have enough money to get a patent for his invention. He also needed help making the pants. In his 11 , Davis said that if they worked together, the two of them ‘‘could make a very large amount of money’’.
Strauss could see that riveted work pants were a good idea. He agreed to help Davis. The two decided to make the pants. They decided to use denim cloth because it is a strong cloth that doesn’t tear easily and is long lasting. 12 , the riveted denims were called ‘‘dungarees’’. Dungarees is a word from the Hindi language of India that means “rough cloth”. Because they were tough and durable, dungarees were worn by thousands of farmers, miners, builders, and other workers. Later, dungarees came to be called “jeans”. “Jeans” is a better name for the pants than “dungarees”.
7．A．favour B．hopes C．honour D．charge
8．A．looking at B．looking up C．looking for D．looking after
9．A．different B．general C．familiar D．similar
10．A．added B．preferred C．changed D．returned
11．A．diary B．letter C．book D．invitation
12．A．In addition B．Instead C．At first D．However
（2023上·上海浦东新·九年级校考期中）Are you at the top, in the middle, or at the bottom in your class Teachers and schools are not 13 to rank（把……分等级）students in this way, but it’s hard not to. And every student knows where he or she stands in relation to other students. Like it or not, there is 14 in the classroom.
Teachers and schools are always focused（聚焦） on getting the best out of each student. They provide lessons, homework and extra help 15 all students can pass exams and get the education they need. But not all can be top students. Some students are just smarter than others, and some students just work harder than others. So, does ranking 16 matter
A school in Inner Mongolia (内蒙古) thinks it does. They used to give bright red uniforms to the top 100 students in their school. And another school in Xi’an made students with poor grades wear green scarves. Those schools were trying to motivate（激励） students to 17 better by using rewards and punishment. But this kind of motivation can be harmful. In fact, students can also find motivation within themselves. When you’re trying to “be the best that you 18 be,” ranking is unimportant.
13．A．imagined B．allowed C．refused D．planned
14．A．pain B．fun C．competition D．friendship
15．A．so that B．what’s more C．because D．whether
16．A．just B．only C．exactly D．really
17．A．perform B．think C．serve D．play
18．A．must B．should C．can D．need
（2024·上海崇明·统考一模）Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文)
On 20 February, Sadiq Khan, the Mayor of London, announced a plan to offer free school meals to all primary school pupils in London in the next academic year. Khan’s plan will help around 270,000 pupils and will cost 130 million.
In recent years, the cost of basic items like food and energy has gone up, putting pressure on some families. Research shows that when children have a healthy 19 they learn more in class. Khan had free school meals when he was younger, and he told The Week Junior, “It is important for everyone to eat the 20 food together. Meals are a time to sit and talk to your friends. No one should be made to feel different or have to sit at another table because they get free meals.”
The plan won’t start until September because kitchens require time to 21 more staff and get ready to make more lunches. Khan said, “If overnight, every school in London had to do free school meals, there would be chaos (混乱) in the kitchens.”
The 22 for who gets free school meals are different all over the UK. In the rest of England, all pupils from Reception to Year 2 are given free meals. Older children in England and Scotland from eligible families (those who can prove they require them) 23 get free meals. In Northern Ireland, free meals are only available to children from eligible families. In Wales, from 2024 all primary school children will get them.
Victoria Benson from Gingerbread, a charity that supports single parents, said the plan “will be a huge relief (减轻) to many parents that their child will now be fed at school.” However, not everyone 24 the plan. Some people think all secondary school pupils should be given free meals too. Others say free meals should only be given to those who really require them.
19．A．diet B．memory C．habit D．idea
20．A．expensive B．simple C．same D．cheap
21．A．interview B．buy C．train D．discover
22．A．rules B．programs C．results D．prices
23．A．ever B．never C．still D．also
24．A．depends on B．agrees with C．looks at D．works out
（2024·上海奉贤·统考一模）Why do kids need braces
Do you have braces (牙箍) If not, you probably know someone who does. Even if you don’t have braces right now, you might need them one day.
Braces are a way of improving how teeth look and how they work. The metal wires work by putting pressure on the teeth, to slowly move them in the right direction. The rubber bands help to adjust the alignment (排列) of your teeth. Working together, the wires and rubber bands straighten your teeth and 25 .
Different kids have different feelings about braces. Some can’t wait to get them because they know that they’ll improve their smile.
Others 26 how braces will change how they look. Many are afraid of being uncomfortable. It’s Okay to have these worries, but kids who get braces often find they have no reason to worry.
Braces are just tools that dentists use to 27 the alignment of your teeth. Not all teeth grow straight, and this is 28 . But braces can help straighten or move teeth so that they can do their jobs as well as possible.
Years ago, braces were made of thick metal that was very easy to notice. Today, they look much better. Sometimes, you can get braces that go on the back of your teeth. 29 these developments, braces aren’t as noticeable today as they once were.
Most kids have to wear braces for only a couple of years or so. After the braces are taken off, they may have to wear a retainer (保持器) for a while. This makes sure the teeth don’t go back to where they had been before. With the help of a retainer, their teeth will fit into their new 30 .
Finally, they will be able to throw the retainer away and smile about it!
25．A．move them up B．line them up C．mess them up D．hold them up
26．A．talk about B．think about C．worry about D．complain about
27．A．correct B．check C．cancel D．connect
28．A．natural B．strange C．unusual D．ugly
29．A．In charge of B．In case of C．Thanks to D．Compared to
30．A．settings B．locations C．platforms D．bottoms
（2024·上海嘉定·统考一模）Every year, wildfires destroy millions of hectares of forest land. Homes are damaged, and thousands of people die. Smokejumpers help to stop this.
Smokejumpers are a special type of firefighter. They jump from planes or are lowered by helicopters into areas that are 31 to reach by car or on foot, such as the middle of a mountain forest. They race to put out fires as fast as they can.
At a fire site, smokejumpers first examine the land and decide 32 to fight the fire. Their main goal is to stop a fire from spreading or to slow its progress 33 ground-based firefighters arrive. Using basic equipment such as shovels (铲子) and axes (斧头), smokejumpers clear land of burnable material, like dry grass and dead trees. They carry water with them, too, but only a limited amount.
Most smokejumpers are men. The most important factors are your height and 34 . Smokejumpers employed in the United States must be between 54 and 91 kilograms so they don’t get blown away by the strong winds or get 35 when they land.
The work is dangerous, and the hours are long. But for these firefighters, smoke jumping isn’t just a job. They 36 being able to jump out of planes, fight fires, and live in the forest. As 28-year-old Russian smokejumper Alexi says, “This is the best job for tough guys.”
31．A．hard B．serious C．safe D．close
32．A．where B．why C．what D．how
33．A．if B．though C．before D．because
34．A．nationality B．weight C．sex D．age
35．A．hurt B．lost C．angry D．sick
36．A．imagine B．deny C．mind D．love
（2024·上海松江·统考一模）Choose the best words and complete the passage (选择最恰当的单词完成短文)
The small town of Hay, on the River Wye, sits on the border between England and Wales. You can 37 reach it on small country roads since the transport is not developed so fast there.
The town was a 38 place until 1961. That year a local man called Richard Booth came back from a trip to the USA with a lot of second-hand books. He bought the town’s old fire station and changed it into a shop to sell them. For the next ten years, he bought more empty shops and made them into bookshops, too. 39 Hay became the world’s first “book town”.
With the money he made, Booth bought the town’s old castle. On April Fool’s Day in 1977, he declared (宣布) himself “king” and said the place was now an independent 40 ! His horse was the head of the government, and he even gave people passports. Some local people thought he was a little mad.
He wasn’t crazy at all, and the 41 made more people come to Hay to buy second-hand books. By the 1980s there were a large number of books on sale, on 15km of shelves in over 30 bookshops.
Then in 1988 aliterature (文学) festival began. Writers came to 42 about their new books, along with scientists, politicians and even the President of the USA!
The “king” is old now, but he still likes selling books and now there are book towns in many different countries in Europe. Not bad for something that started in a small town of 1300 people.
37．A．also B．just C．even D．only
38．A．quiet B．noisy C．famous D．dirty
39．A．For example B．What’s more C．As a result D．In fact
40．A．village B．town C．city D．country
41．A．story B．joke C．accident D．tradition
42．A．ask B．talk C．think D．complain
（2023上·上海普陀·九年级统考期中）Discovering the Power of Placebos (安慰剂)
A little girl cries after falling and bumping her knee against the ground. Her father rushes over and looks closely at the leg. “I’ll kiss it and make it better,” he says. The kiss works. The girl sniffles (抽噎), then jumps up and gets back to playing. Her pain is 43 .
Things like this one happen on playgrounds and in homes around the world every day. When a child gets a bump or bruise (淤伤), says better Ulrike Bingel, “Someone will blow the pain away.” Bingel is a doctor at a Germany university.
A caring adult seems to have the ability to stop a child’s pain with a puff of air, a kiss or even just a few kind words. 44 , none of these things can repair injured skin. So what’s happening Doctors call it the placebo effect. It describes what happens when something that should have no effect leads to a(n) 45 positive change in someone’s body.
Placebos are a very 46 part of medical research. To prove that a new medicine works, researchers must show that the people who are taking a new drug will be in much better health than those who are taking a placebo. This placebo is usually a pill and it 47 the same as the new medicine but contains no medicine. At times a person may feel better after taking a placebo pill though the pill did not act on any disease.
This placebo response isn’t an illusion (幻觉). It comes from the brain. A placebo effect can only influence body processes that the brain can change like a pain. “Placebos can’t fight cancer,” Bingel says. But they can change how 48 someone experiences pain or other illness.” Bingel and his team are working to better understand what brain processes make this happen.
43．A．delivered B．forgotten C．forgiven D．increased
44．A．For example B．Now and then C．Of course D．In the end
45．A．correct B．strange C．real D．easy
46．A．attractive B．important C．natural D．different
47．A．looks B．becomes C．keeps D．thinks
48．A．commonly B．hardly C．slightly D．strongly
