2024年高考英语二轮复习专题： 十一选十（选词填空）（上海专用）（原卷版+解析版）

2024年高考英语二轮复习专题： 十一选十（选词填空）（上海专用）
2023·上海秋考·真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.unworkable B.indicative C.polar D.promising E.quantity
F.requests G.content H. vision I.evaluating J.unmet K.subscribing
Brainstorming is a creative process that can help generate new and innovative ideas to solve complex problems. It involves bringing together individuals from diverse backgrounds and perspectives to share their ideas freely and build upon each other's contributions. However, to make the most of this process, it is important to create an environment that encourages active participation and collaboration. Here are some key principles to keep in mind when conducting a brainstorming session.
Firstly, it is important to have a clear vision or goal for the brainstorming session. This will help guide the discussion and ensure that all ideas generated are relevant to the topic at hand. Participants should be encouraged to share their thoughts and ideas freely, without fear of judgment or criticism. By (31)________to each other's ideas, individuals can build on each other's contributions and create a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.
When (32)________ the quality of ideas generated during a brainstorming session, it is important to consider both the quantity and the (33)________ . While a high quantity of ideas can be beneficial,it is more important to focus on the quality of the ideas and how well they align with the group's shared vision. Ideas that are (34)________ or irrelevant to the group's goals should be discarded in favor of those that are more (35)________.
It is also important to honor (36)________ for more information or clarification on a particular idea. This can help the group better evaluate the idea and determine whether it aligns with their shared vision. If an idea is deemed unworkable or needs are (37)________ comprehensively, it is important to recognize this and move on to other ideas that may be more feasible.
In addition to evaluating the quality of ideas, it is important to consider the content of the discussion. The brainstorming session should be focused on generating new ideas and solutions.rather than rehashing old ones. Participants should be encouraged to think creatively and outside the box, and to avoid getting bogged down in the details.
The (38)________ of ideas generated during a brainstorming session can also be an important factor to consider. While a high quantity of ideas is not always indicative of a successful session, it can help ensure that all possibilities are explored and considered. Participants should be encouraged to generate as many ideas as possible, without worrying about whether they are practical or feasible.
Ultimately, the success of a brainstorming session depends on the group's ability to work together towards a shared (39)________. By creating a culture of subscribing to each other's ideas and evaluating them based on their
quality and relevance, we can generate innovative solutions to complex problems that benefit society as a whole. Brainstorming is a powerful tool that can help us overcome the (40)________ that plagues our society, and create a more collaborative and creative future.
【答案】31. K 32.I 33.G 34.A 35. D 36.F 37.J 38.E 39. H 40.C
【导读】本文介绍了开展头脑风暴的关键原则。要成功地进行头脑风暴，必须创造一个鼓励积极参与和协作的环境，并且明确会议的目标和愿景。参与者应该自由地分享他们的想法，而不用担心评判或批评。文章还提到了如何评估头脑风暴中产生的想法的质量和数量，以及如何集中讨论新的想法和解决方案。最终，成功的头脑风暴取决于团队合作实现共同目标的能力。
【详解】
31.K [解析]分析句子结构可知，该空处需要填入动的-ing 形式，结合相关选项并根据该空后热及的 individuals can build on each other's contributions and create a more comprehensive understanding of the problem 可推知，此处想要表达的是“通过认同 (subscribing)别人的观点，个人可以在彼此贡献的基础上，对问题有更全面的理解”，故选 K。subscribe v. 捐助;签署;订阅;同意。
32.I [解析]分析句子结构可知，该空需要填入动词的分词形式，结合空格后提及的 the quality of ideas generated during a brainstorming session (对于头脑风暴期间产生的想法的质量)可推知，该空应该填入评判类的词，故此处想表述的是“在评估 (evaluating)头脑风暴期间产生的想法的质量时”，故选I。evaluate . 评价: 评估。
33.G [解析]连词and 连接并列成分，and 前为名词，因此该空处需要填入名词。结合上文提及的 the quality of ideas generated during a brainstorming session 可推知不仅仅要重视这些想法的数量质量，而且要重要审核这些想法的内容。句意为:“在评估头脑风暴会议期间产生的想法的质量时，重要的是要考虑数量和内容 (content)”，故选G。Content n.内容;目录;含量;成分。
34.A [解析]根据系动词are 和连词or 及irrelevant 可知，该空需要填入形容词。结合该空之后提及的irrelevant to the group's goals 可推知，此处想要表述的是“不可行 (unworkable)或与团队目标无关的想法应该被抛弃”，故选A。unworkable adj.不可行的;行不通的:不切实际的。
35.D [解析]根据系动词 are 和比较级标志more 可知，该空需要填入形容词。结合上文提及的“需要放弃与团队目标不相符的想法”推知，此处需要填入的是“应该接受什么样的观点”，D 项与上文所填词语含义有反差，即此处的意思为“那些与团队目标无关的想法应该被抛弃，取而代之的是那些更有前途的 (promising)想法”，故选 D。promising adj, 有希望的:有前途的。
36.F [解析] 结合连词 or 之后的 clarification 推知，该空需要填入名词。再根据该空之后提及的 for more information or clarification on a particular idea 以及该段相关内容可以推知,此处想要表达的是“在头脑风暴过
程中尊重相关要求和闸明观点也很重要”。句意为:“同样重要的是，满足获得更多信息的要求 (requests)或明一个特定想法”。故选 F。requests n.要求;需要;申请书。
37.J [解析]分析句子结构可知，该空需要填入形容词，结合相关选项和该空前提及的If an idea is considered unworkable 推知，此处想要表述的是“如果一个想法被认为是不可行的，或者需求没有得到全面满足(unmet)，那么重要的是要认识到这一点，并转向其他可能更可行的想法”，故选J。unmet adj.未满足的:未相遇的:未应付的。
38.E [解析]结合下句提及的 While a high quantity of ideas is not always indicative of successful session, it can help ensure that all possibilities are explored and considered.和下文相关内容可推知，该段讲述的内容与头脑风暴产生的观点的数量有关。句意为:“头脑风暴会议期间产生的想法数量(quantity)也是一个需要考虑的重要因素”。故选E。quantity n.数量数额:大量; 众多。
39.H [解析]根据空格前的冠词 a 可知，该空需要填入可数名词的单数形式，又结合该空后趣及的 By creating a culture of subscribing to each other's ideas and evaluating them based on their quality and relevance, we can generate innovative solutions to complex problems that benefit society as a whole.可知，这句是对上句内容的解释，再结合选项推知，此处想表达的意思是“最终，头脑风暴的成功取决于团队为实现共同愿景 (vision)而共同努力的能力”，故选 H。vision n.视力:视野;远见卓识。
40.C [解析]根据空格前的 the和空格后的名词可知，该空需要填入形容词，再结合该空之后捷及的 that causes our society physical and mental disturbances, and create a more collaborative and creative future 可推知，要创造更具协作性和创造性的未来需要克服一些相反的观点，即此处句意为“头脑风暴是一种强大的工具，可以帮助我们克服造成我们社会的两极(polar)现象，创造一个更具协作性和创造性的未来”，故选 C。polar adj.极地的:磁极的:完全相反的。
2024·上海杨浦·二模
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.wrestling B. approaches C. preoccupied D. experimenting E. dynamically F. bound G. moderate H. applies I. inadequate J. unitedly K. integrity
Dare to be Dull
A big part of why spontaneous (即兴的) speaking feels so challenging is the desire to always say the right
thing in the right way at the right time. But that leads to unnecessary self-evaluation and criticism, consuming precious mental energy and preventing you from ____11____ engaging in the moment. I often advise people to follow a spontaneous comedy saying: “Dare to be dull.” That is, don’t feel you are ___12___ to give an exceptional performance. Recognize that there is no single “correct” way to answer a question, give feedback or welcome a colleague —only better or worse ____13____.
Another popular saying also ____14____ here: “Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good.” Listeners are more likely to trust you when you speak like a man of ____15____ rather than an actor or a robot. For example, research shows that the most effective speech includes ____16____ use of fillers such as “um” and “ah.” So when you need to speak spontaneously, refocus your attention on your listeners instead of ____17____ with your inner critic. Attempting to serve their needs will take your mental spotlight off yourself, relieving the pressure you feel. Tell yourself that ____18____, making mistakes, and learning during spontaneous interactions are normal.
Micah, a student of mine, was fearful that his class contributions would be seen as ____19____. To avoid embarrassment, he planned and rehearsed the points he wanted to make. But because he was always working to remember them and find the right time to use them, he was ____20____ and failed to get the most out of discussions. With my help he focused on silencing his inner critic. He began offering more ideas, sometimes imperfectly formed, and in just a few weeks he became less anxious and more confident.
【答案】11. E 12. F
13. B 14. H
15. K 16. G
17. A 18. D
19. I 20. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人们在即兴演讲时不必追求完美，应勇于接受平凡，专注于听众，不被内心的批评困扰，就会带来更大的自信。
【11题详解】
考查副词。句意：但这会导致不必要的自我评价和批评，消耗宝贵的精神能量，阻止你充满活力地参与到当下。此处应选副词dynamically(充满活力地)作状语，符合句意的需要，故选E。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：也就是说，不要觉得你一定会有出色的表现。此处应选形容词bound(注定的)作表语，be bound to：一定会做某事，符合句意的需要，故选F。
【13题详解】
考查名词。句意：要认识到，回答问题、给出反馈或欢迎同事没有单一的“正确”方式：只有更好或更坏的方式。此处应选名词approaches(方式)作主语，符合句意的需要，故选B。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：另一个流行的说法也适用于此：“完美是优秀的敌人”。此处应选动词applies(适合)作谓语，符合句意的需要，故选H。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：当你说话像一个正直的人而不是一个演员或机器人时，听众更有可能信任你。此处应选名词integrity(正直)作宾语，符合句意的需要，故选K。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：例如，研究表明，最有效的讲话包括适度使用“嗯”和“啊”等填充语。此处应选形容词moderate(适度的)作定语，符合句意的需要，故选G。
【17题详解】
考查动名词。句意：所以，当你需要自发地说话时，把注意力重新集中在你的听众身上，而不是与你内心的批评作斗争。此处应选动名词wrestling(斗争)作宾语，符合句意的需要，故选A。
【18题详解】
考查动名词。句意：告诉自己，在自发的互动中进行实验、犯错和学习是正常的。此处应选动名词experimenting(做实验)作主语，符合句意的需要，故选D。
【19题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我的一个学生迈卡担心他的课堂贡献会被认为不足。此处应选形容词inadequate (不足的)，符合句意的需要，be seen as：被认为是，故选I。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但由于他总是努力记住它们，并找到合适时间使用它们，他全神贯注，无法从讨论中获得最大的收获。此处应选形容词preoccupied(全神贯注的)作表语，符合句意的需要，故选C。
2024·上海浦东·二模
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. backfire B. compensate C. extend D. impressive E.
meaningful F. measure G. needle H. overall I. perceive J. punishment K. typically
Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight
Many of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting (or restarting) exercise regimens (练身计划) in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds. Unquestionably, aiming to be more active is good. But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well ___11___.
For starters, exercise — at least the kind most of us do — is ___12___ ineffective for weight loss. Take walking, for example. A 150-pound person who walks briskly for 30 minutes will burn, on average, around 140 calories. That’s equal to one can of soda — not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort. It’s much easier just to skip the soda.
Studies ___13___ show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for 30 minutes a day, five days a week — the amount recommended for good health — typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.
When moderate exercise is added to diet, the results are equally not ___14___. Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months.
In studies where exercise has produced ___15___ weight loss, participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week. To achieve that, sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do. And even if we manage to exert that much effort, our bodies often ___16___ by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism, effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.
Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into ___17___. How many times have you heard someone say (or said yourself) “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner
The point is that we’re more likely to ___18___ exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight. The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress. Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.
Of course, the benefits of physical activity ___19___ well beyond these. It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases. It can also improve sleep and boost energy.
By all means, striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health. But to improve the odds of success, focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and
emotionally — and forget about how it moves the ____20____ on the scale.
【答案】11. A 12. K
13. H 14. D
15. E 16. B
17. J 18. I
19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为什么不应该通过运动来减肥的几个原因。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：但如果主要是为了减肥，你的新年决心很可能适得其反。分析句子可知，空前为情态动词could，此处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，同时被副词well所修饰，backfire“适得其反”为动词，符合句意。故选A项。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：首先，运动——至少是我们大多数人做的那种——对减肥通常是无效的。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰形容词ineffective，typically“通常”为副词，符合句意。故选K项。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：总的来说，研究表明，做中等强度的有氧运动，比如每天步行30分钟，每周五天——这是保持身体健康的推荐量——通常只会产生很少或根本没有减肥效果。分析句子可知，此处为副词作状语修饰动词show，overall“总的来说”为副词，符合句意。故选H项。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当适度的运动加入到饮食中，结果同样不令人印象深刻。分析句子可知，空前为are系动词，此处应为形容词作表语，impressive“令人印象深刻的”为形容词，符合句意。故选D项。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在一些研究中，锻炼产生了显著的减肥效果，参与者每周坚持五天或更长时间，每次锻炼至少燃烧400到500卡路里。分析句子可知，空后weight loss为名词短语，此处应为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语，meaningful“有意义的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。
16题详解】
考查动词。句意：即使我们付出了那么多的努力，我们的身体也会通过增加食欲和降低新陈代谢来进行补偿，随着时间的推移，这些影响会限制我们减掉的体重。分析句子可知，空格处应为动词作句子的谓语成分，compensate“补偿”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。
【17题详解】
考查名词。句意：也许通过锻炼来减肥的最大问题是，它把体育锻炼变成了一种惩罚。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语turn sth into sth“把……变成……”，所以此处为名词形式，punishment“惩罚”为名词，符合句意。故选J项。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：关键是，当我们关注自己的健康而不是体重时，我们更有可能积极地看待运动，并真正去做。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语be likely to do，所以此处为动词形式，perceive“看待”为动词，符合句意。故选I项。
【19题详解】
考查动词。句意：当然，体育锻炼的好处远远不止这些。分析句子可知，此处为动词作句子的谓语成分，extend“扩展，伸出”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：但是为了提高成功的几率，把注意力集中在运动如何帮助你在身体和情感上感觉更好，而忘记它是如何在体重秤上移动指针的。分析句子可知，空前为定冠词the，此处应为名词形式，needle“指针”为名词，符合句意。故选G项。
2024·上海黄浦·二模
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. convincing B. disinformation C. hazards D. illogical E. maintain F. preview
G. publicly H. racing I. response J. speed K. seemingly
OpenAI Unveils A.I. that Instantly Generates Eye-Popping Videos
Last April, a New York start-up called Runway AI revealed technology that let people generate videos. The four-second videos were shadowy and disturbing. But they were a clear sign that artificial intelligence technologies would generate increasingly __31__ videos sooner. Just 10 months later, OpenAI has revealed a similar system, Sora, that creates videos that look as if they were lifted from a Hollywood movie.
OpenAI is among the many companies __32__ to improve this kind of instant video generator. The technology could __33__ the work of experienced moviemakers. It could also become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online __34__, making it even harder to tell what’s real on the internet.
In an interview, the team behind the technology said the company was not yet releasing Sora to the public because it was still working to understand the system’s __35__. The intention here is to give a(n) __36__ of what is likely to happen soon, so that people can see the capabilities of this technology.
Like other generative A.I. technologies, OpenAI’s system learns by analyzing digital data — in this case, videos and subtitles describing what those videos contain. OpenAI declined to say how many videos the system learned from or where they came from, except to say the training included both __37__ available videos and videos that were licensed from copyright holders. The company says little about the data used to train its technologies, most likely because it wants to __38__ an advantage over competitors.
Sora generates videos in __39__ to short descriptions. Though the videos can be impressive, they may include strange and __40__ images. The system, for example, recently generated a video of someone eating a cookie — but the cookie never got any smaller.
参考答案：AHJBC FGEID
2024·上海普陀·二模
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. empowers B. termed C. interaction D. implications E. advances F. question G. obtained H. additionally I. pressure J. currently K. defining
A New Era of Creative Partnerships
In a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI, researcher Janet Rafner from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University and Prof. Jacob Sherson, director of the Center for Hybrid Intelligence, together with international partners, discuss research and societal (31) ______ of creativity and AI.
The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and developing co-creativity, the interaction between humans and machines towards what is (32) ______ a human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence. In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面) that at the same time ensure both high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best (33) ______ each other.
Rafner comments: To date, most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of human-computer (34) ______ and focus on the abilities of the AI, and the interaction design and dynamics.
While these (35) ______ are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and algorithms(算法) and human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product, there is an urgent need to enrich these applications with the insights about creativity (36) ______ over the past decades in the psychological sciences.
“Right now, we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative One reason for this is that (37) ______ creativity is not set in stone. When investigating human only, machine only, and human-AI co-creativity, we need to consider the type and level of creativity under (38) ______, from everyday creative activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine automatization to contributions that may require higher-level human intervention; (39) ______, it is much more meaningful to consider some questions like, what are the similarities and differences in
human cognition, behavior, motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能) between human-AI co-creativity and human creativity ”explains Rafner.
We, (40) ______, don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines, because the line between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear. Looking ahead, researchers should balance predictive accuracy with theoretical understanding, towards the goal of developing intelligent systems to both measure and enhance human creativity.
31-35 D B A C E 36-40 G K F H J
2024·上海徐汇·二模
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. conservation B. relocate C. momentarily D. program E. critical F. initiative G. ensure H. permanently I. additional J. reserve K. unexpected
A team of scientists led by Alejandro Arteaga, grantee of The Explorers Club Discovery Expeditions and researcher at Khamai Foundation, discovered three new cryptozoic (living underground) snakes dwelling under graveyards (墓地) and churches in remote towns in the Andes region of Ecuador.
It was an exploration that led to the most (31) _______ of places.
First published in the journal, Zookeys, Arteaga and his team named the small brown color-patterned snakes in honor of institutions or people supporting the exploration and (32) _______ of remote cloud forests in the tropics.
The Discovery Ground Snake (Atractus discovery) was found underground in a small graveyard. Two (33) _______ new species were found near an old church and inside a small school. Destruction of the snake's native forest habitat may have forced them to (34) _______ to these people-less areas according to Arteaga's findings.
Atractus discovery was named to honor The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grants (35) _______, a program seeking to foster scientific understanding for the betterment of humanity and all life on Earth and beyond. The grant program supports researchers and explorers from around the world in their quest to ease the climate change crisis, prevent the extinction of species and cultures, and (36) _______ the health of the Earth and its inhabitants.
Atractus zgap was named in honor of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (ZGAP), a(n) (37) _______ seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species and their natural environment.
Atractus michaelsabini was named in honor of Michael Sabin, grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew Sabin. Through conservation organization Re:wild, the Sabin family has supported field research of threatened reptiles and has protected thousands of acres of (38) _______ habitat throughout the world.
“The discovery of these new snakes is only the first step towards a much larger conservation project,” says Arteaga. “We have already started the process of establishing a nature (39) _______ to protect the ground snakes. This action would not have been possible without first unveiling the existence of these unique and cryptic reptiles, even if it meant (40) _______ disturbing the peace of the dead in the graveyard where they lived.”
31-35 KAIBF 36-40 GDEJC
2024·上海松江·二模
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．accompanied B．allowed C．feasibly D．fueled E．intensity F．option G．prompting H．routine I．surgically J．underlying K．varied
Brain Signals for Lasting Pain
Brain signals that reveal how much pain a person is in have been discovered by scientists who say the work is a step towards new treatments for people living with lasting pain.
It is the first time researchers have decoded the brain activity 31 patients’ lasting pain. That has raised the hope that brain stimulation treatment already used for Parkinson’s and major depression can help those running out of any other 32 . “We’ve learned that lasting pain can be tracked and predicted in the real world,” said Prasad Shirvalkar, lead researcher on the project at the University of California.
Lasting pain affects nearly 28 million adults in the UK alone, and the causes are 33 . ranging from cancer to back problems. That being the case, lasting pain has 34 a rise in taking powerful painkillers. But no medical treatments work well for the condition, 35 experts to call for a complete rethink in how health services handle patients with lasting pain.
For the latest study, Shirvalkar and his colleagues 36 implanted electrodes（电极） into four patients with lasting pain hard to deal with after the loss of legs. The devices 37 the patients to record activity and collect data in two brain regions— the ACC and the OFC—at the press of one button on a remote handset. Several times a day, the volunteers were asked to complete short surveys on the 38 of pain, meaning how strong the pain was, and then record their brain activity. These scientists, armed with the survey responses and brain recordings, found they could use computers to predict a person’s pain based on the electrical signals in their OFC. “We found very different brain activity 39 severe pain and have developed an objective biomarker for that kind of pain,” said Shirvalkar. The finding may explain, at least in part, why 40 painkillers are less effective for lasting pain. “The hope is that we can use the information to develop personalized brain stimulation treatment for the most severe forms of pain.”
31-35 JFKDG 36-40IBEAH
2024·上海静安·二模
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. army B. available C. displayed D. reserves E. straight F. inserted G. additional H. advocates I. initiative J. proven K. existing
A new way to reduce poaching
Researchers are working on a pilot program backed by Russia’s Rosatom Corp to inject rhino horns (犀牛角) with radioactive material, a strategy that could discourage consumption and make it easier to detect illegal trade.
Poachers (偷猎者) killed 394 rhinos in South Africa for their horns last year, government data shows, with public and private game ___11___ lacking the resources needed to monitor vast tracts of land and protect the animals that live there. While the toll was a third lower than in 2019 and the sixth ___12___ drop, illegal hunting remains the biggest threat to about 20,000 of the animals in the country — the world’s biggest population.
Thousands of ___13___ sensors along international borders could be used to detect a small quantity of radioactive material ___14___ into the horns, according to James Larkin, a professor at the University of Witswatersrand in Johannesburg, who has a background in radiation protection and nuclear security. “A whole new ___15___ of people could be able to detect the illegal movement of rhino horn,” he said. Some alternate methods of discouraging poaching, including poisoning, dyeing and removing the horns, have raised a variety of opinions as to their virtue and efficacy.
Known as The Rhisotope Project, the new anti-poaching ___16___ started earlier this month with the injection of an amino acid (氨基酸) into two rhinos’ horns in order to detect whether the compound will move into the animals’ bodies. Also, ___17___ studies using computer modeling and a replica rhino head will be done to determine a safe dose of radioactive material. Rhino horn is used in traditional medicine, as it is believed to cure disease such as cancer, ___18___ as a show of wealth and given as gifts.
“If we make it radioactive, these people will be hesitant to buy it,” Larkin said. “We’re pushing on the whole supply chain.”
Besides Russia’s state-owned nuclear company, the University of Witwatersrand, scientists and private rhino owners are involved in the project. If the method is ___19___ feasible, it could also be used to curb illegal trade in elephant ivory.
“Once we have developed the whole project and got to the point where we completed the proof of concept, then we will be making this whole idea ____20____ to whoever wants to use it,” Larkin said.
【答案】11. D 12. E
13. K 14. F
15 A 16. I
17. G 18. C
19. J 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍减少偷猎的新方法。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：政府数据显示，去年，偷猎者在南非杀死了394头犀牛，因为公共和私人狩猎保护区缺乏监测大片土地和保护生活在那里的动物所需的资源。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词reserves，意为“保护区”，作宾语。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：尽管死亡人数比2019年减少了三分之一，连续第六次下降，但非法狩猎仍然是该国约2万只动物的最大威胁，该国是世界上人口最多的国家。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词straight，意为“连续的”，作定语，修饰后面的名词drop。故选E。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：约翰内斯堡Witswatersrand大学教授詹姆斯·拉金（James Larkin）具有辐射防护和核安全背景，他表示，国际边境上数千个现有的传感器可以用来检测插入喇叭的少量放射性物质。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词existing，意为“现存的”，作作定语，修饰后面的名词sensors。故选K。
【14题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：见第3题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要过去分词inserted，意为“被插入的”，表示被动，作后置定语，修饰前面的名词短语a small quantity of radioactive material。故选F。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：他说：“一支全新的队伍能够发现犀牛角的非法活动。”分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词army，意为“队伍”，作主语。故选A。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：这项名为Rh同位素项目的新反偷猎倡议于本月早些时候开始，向两头犀牛的角注射一种氨基酸，以检测这种化合物是否会进入犀牛的体内。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词initiative，意为“倡议”，作主语。故选I。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：此外，还将使用计算机建模和犀牛头复制品进行额外的研究，以确定放射性物质的安全剂量。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词additional，意为“额外的”，作定语，修饰后面的名词studies。故选G。
【18题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：犀牛角被用于传统医学，因为它被认为可以治愈癌症等疾病，作为财富的象征和礼
物。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要过去分词displayed，意为“被展示”，作后置定语。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：如果这种方法被证明是可行的，它也可以用来遏制象牙的非法贸易。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要过去分词proven，意为“被证明”，作表语。故选J。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：拉金说：“一旦我们开发了整个项目，并完成了概念验证，那么我们将向任何想使用它的人提供整个想法。”分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要形容词available，意为“可用的”，作补语。故选B。
2024·上海虹口·二模
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Science in Images
Oyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it.
A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood, then 31 the worms for nutrition.
“Nematodes happen to be the most 32 animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, 33 , this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author.
The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow 34 the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells, killing them. This 35 differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.
For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of 36 compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and 37 analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures 38 their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.
Before this study, “we underestimated the 39 to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates “a very 40 approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”
词汇部分：31. B 32. C 33. E 34. G 35. H 36. K 37. J 38. D 39. F 40. I
2024·上海宝山·二模
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. process B. impacting C. appearance D. linked E. assessment F. costly G. crucial H. highly I. legal J. pause K. marketed
Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades. Traditional tobacco products, such as cigarettes, have been 31 to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, respiratory (呼吸的) disorders and others. According to a survey, 78.3 percent of smokers start smoking before age 20. Taiwan Province of China has raised the 32 smoking age to 20 or above. By instituting this change, they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.
Despite being 33 as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are still considered tobacco. As such, they pose significant dangers to human health. The heating 34 used in these products releases harmful chemicals and poisons, including tar (焦油), carbon monoxide and nicotine, a(n) 35 addictive substance.
HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking. To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and 36 their health, Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk 37 review mechanism. Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured, imported and sold to consumers.
The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers 38 and encourage them to quit. Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and breathing problems. Quitting smoking can also improve your 39 . Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth. Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell. By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.
Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn't easy. Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness, irritability (易怒) and difficulty concentrating. Supportive social environments, coping strategies and professional help are 40 for overcoming these things and living a smoke-free life.
D 32. I 33. K 34. A 35. H 36. B 37. E 38. J 39. C 40. G
2024·上海奉贤·二模
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. flooded B. leaps C. increasingly D. combines E. reflect F. emphasizing G. pioneering H. crafted I. technical J. unexpectedly K. classic
Chinese animations（动画） are booming
The "Black Cat Delective", released 40 years ago, was a childhood favorite for many Chinese. Since then, Chinese cartoons have come a long way. While "Black Cat Detective" was simply drawn, current cartoons feature 31 advances and fascinating plots. One example is "Boonie Bears: Time Twist", a family-friendly adventure released in February, with smooth animation reminding us of Pixar, a 32 animation studio now owned by Disney.
These recent 33 in quality have enabled Chinese cartoons to succeed at the domestic box office. "Ne Zha: Birth of the Demon Child" was the most well-received film in China in 2019, 34 beating out "Avengers: Endgame ", a superhero movie by Marvel Studios.
In the 1960s, China's animation industry saw a big downturn as American and Japanese films 35 into the Chinese market, dominating both domestic television and cinema screens. As a result, Chinese animators 36 began to work for western studios. However, things changed in 2015 with the release of "Monkey King: Hero is Back", a breakthrough for Chinese animation. This film, based on the timeless 37 "Journey to the Wes/", signaled a new era of creativity and success in the industry. The main character, the Monkey King, is depicted（刻画） as going through a mid-life crisis, which 38 the director's view that cartoons are not just for children.
Light Chaser Animation, a Beijing-based studio, has contributed to the popularity of cartoons in China. Its production "30,000 Miles from Chang' an" 39 elements of Chinese culture, history, and legends with aesthetic（美学的） feeling of Tang dynasty poetry. Indeed, traditional themes are widespread among successful Chinese animations, 40 the importance of traditional culture as a foundation for Chinese animation. Like other industries, cartoons in China are inspired by Western innovations but with added "Chinese characteristics".
词汇： 31-35 IGBJA 36-40 CKEDF
2024·上海青浦·二模
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. emerge B. absorbing C. subject D. defining E. movement
F. originally G. course H. universally I. happens J. constant K. corresponds
How Long Is a Second
The length of a second depends on how you’re measuring it. There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a minute — so surely a second is 1/86400, of a day, right Well, it turns out that __31__ time isn’t that simple.
“The second was __32__ based on the length of the day,” Peter Whibberley, a senior scientist at the National Physical Laboratory in the U.K., told Live Science. “People observed the sun passing overhead and started
measuring its __33__ using sundials (日晷). However, sundials have a few disadvantages. Aside from the obvious problem of not being able to read a sundial when the sun isn’t visible, relying on Earth’s daily turning is surprisingly inaccurate. “The turning is not precisely __34__,” Whibberley said. “The Earth speeds up and slows down over time.” So how can we precisely measure time if using the length of a day is so unreliable
In the 16th century, people turned to technological solutions to this problem, and the first recognizable mechanical clocks began to __35__. The earliest mechanical clocks, which were designed to click at a specific frequency, averaged over the __36__ of a year.
By around 1940, quartz crystal clocks (石英钟) had become the new gold standard. However, problems arose, and this was where atomic clocks came in. “Atoms exist only in particular energy states and can only change from one state to another by __37__ or giving out a fixed amount of energy,” Whibberley explained. “That energy __38__ to a precise frequency, so you can use that frequency as a reference for time keeping.” The astronomical second continued to vary. Every few years, scientists must add a second to allow Earth’s slowing turning to keep up with atomic time.
In fact, scientists are discussing whether it’s time to redefine the second again. But while several important questions still need to be answered before this __39__, it’s clear that the strictly correct definition of a second is __40__ to change.
31-40 D F E J A G B K I C
2024·上海闵行·二模
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. contrast B. instructed C. concentrating D. potential E. touching F. played G. better H. specialized I. spot J. follow K. tracing
Unfamiliar Music May Help People Chat at Parties
If you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party, make sure you play music they probably haven’t heard before.
To explore how background music affects the way we ___31___ conversations, researchers Jane Brown and Gavin Bidelman conducted a study analyzing the brain activity of 31 individuals aged21 and 33. During the experiment, participants listened to 72 minutes of an audiobook (有声读物), which the pair used as a replacement for ___32___ on someone talking, while background music was accompanied by the audiobook for most of the time.
For half of the experiment, the participants were asked to focus on2-minute parts of an unfamiliar audiobook read by a man. The rest of the time, they were told to focus on four background songs, which were similarly ___33___ for2 minutes at a time. This ___34___ in voices aimed to assess participants’ ability to shift attention between two distinctly different voices.
During the experiment, all the participants wore ___35___ caps to monitor the electrical activity taking place in their brains. This ___36___ of electrical activity was the key. It allowed Brown and Bidelman to discover how efficiently these individuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music when ___37___ to do so. The finding revealed that the participants could ___38___ turn their attention to the audiobook if the background music was unfamiliar to them.
Following the task, the participants completed a music perception survey evaluating their musical skills, such as the capacity to ___39___ whether a pair of similar-sounding tunes are the same. Notably, those with lower musical scores demonstrated slower attentional shifts between songs and audiobooks, suggesting a(n) ___40___ link between musical ability and attention management skills.
【答案】31. J 32. C
33. F 34. A
35. H 36. K
37. B 38. G
39. I 40. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项对音乐的研究，表明音乐能力和注意力管理技能之间存在潜在的联系。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：为了探索背景音乐如何影响我们跟随对话的方式，研究人员简·布朗和加文·比德尔曼进行了一项研究，分析了31名年龄在21岁和33岁之间的人的大脑活动。根据上文“If you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party, make sure you play music they probably haven’t heard before.(如果你想让你的客人在即将到来的派对上特别善于交际，确保你播放的音乐他们可能以前没有听过)”可知，此处是探讨背景音乐对社交的影响，即音乐如何影响我们“跟随”对话。故选J。
【32题详解】
考查动名词。句意：在实验中，参与者听了72分钟的有声书，这对夫妇用它来代替注意力集中在某人说话上，而背景音乐大部分时间都伴随着有声书。分析句意再根据空格后的someone talking可知，此处是指注意力“集中”在某人说话上。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查动词的被动语态。句意：在剩下的时间里，他们被告知专注于四首背景歌曲，同样是每次播放两分钟。根据上文“The rest of the time, they were told to focus on four background songs,(剩下的时间里，他们被要求专
注于四首背景歌曲)”可知，此处是指背景歌曲每次“播放”两分钟。故选F。
【34题详解】
考查名词。句意：这种声音的对比旨在评估参与者在两种截然不同的声音之间转移注意力的能力。根据下文“ability to shift attention between two distinctly different voices.(在两种截然不同的声音之间转移注意力的能力)”可知，此处是指声音的“对比”。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在实验中，所有的参与者都戴着专门的帽子来监测他们大脑中的电活动。根据下文“to monitor the electrical activity taking place in their brains.(来监测他们大脑中的电活动)”可知，参与者戴的是“专门的”帽子。故选H。
【36题详解】
考查动名词。句意：电活动的追踪是关键。根据上文第5题的分析可知，此处是指对电活动的“追踪”。故选K。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：这让布朗和比德尔曼发现，这些人在被要求集中注意力听有声书或听音乐时的效率有多高。分析句意再根据空格后的to do so可知，此处是指当“被要求”这样做的时候。故选B。
【38题详解】
考查形容词的比较级。句意：研究结果显示，如果背景音乐对参与者来说不熟悉，他们会更好地将注意力转移到有声读物上。根据上文“how efficiently these individuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music(这些人在听有声书或听音乐时能有多高效)”可知，此处是指他们会“更好地”将注意力转移。故选G。
【39题详解】
考查动词。句意：任务结束后，参与者完成了一项音乐感知调查，评估他们的音乐技能，比如识别两首声音相似的曲调是否相同的能力。根据上文“survey evaluating their musical skills(调查评估他们的音乐技能)”可知，此处是指“识别”两首像似曲调是否相同的能力。故选I。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：值得注意的是，那些音乐得分较低的人在歌曲和有声读物之间的注意力转移较慢，这表明音乐能力和注意力管理技能之间存在潜在的联系。根据下文“between musical ability and attention management skills(在音乐能力和注意力管理能力之间)”可知，此处是指一种“潜在的”联系。故选D。
2024·上海金山·二模
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. actually B. amazed C. breathtaking D. critics E. gradually F. prize
G. reflection H. release I. solid J. standardize K. switched
Will AI allow humans to play a part
Rebecca used to have a regular job, translating a fashion brand’s website into German. One day a big change happened. The company (31) ______ to using machine translation. She kept the job, and it still paid the bills; however, she was now there to check and (32) ______ whatever was produced by the computer. But there was a complaint.
“What it meant, (33) ______, was that we humans were training a machine,” she says. Each corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt, each pair of skinny jeans, was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her. With the (34) ______ of chat programs that can imitate humans, the world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means. What will it do for our jobs if many once (35) ______ professions — law, accountancy, medicine — disappear What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most (36) ______— intelligence — has become the cheapest product on the planet Translators, for good and ill, don’t have to wonder. “You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a (37) ______ of the world,” says Nicki Bone, chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting. Not all of them are adjusting. “Of course, we have our (38) ______,” but she adds, “There are also opportunities, and optimists.”
The speed of change, though, has been (39) ______. Increasingly, says Bone, she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw material.
For some, that’s fine. “People will say, ‘OK, instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour, I’m working at many more words per hour, but for a much lower rate.’ Some are happy to take on. Some won’t, as a matter of principle.”
As we are (40) ______ at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing, translators are, compared with the rest of the professions, sensitive. Anyway, this technology is here to stay.
31~40 KJAHI FGDCB
2024·上海嘉定·二模
Directions: After reading the passage below, fil in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. conserve B. wrinkly C. stationary D. exceptional E. oddities F. nursing G. timely H. sounding I. generalize J. comprise K. rules
The Curious World of Bats
Not all bats are unbelievably adorable, like the one below. Many of them have 31 faces and large ears that help them "see" in the dark, using echo location （回声定位）. But all bats are, without a doubt, 32 creatures.
Scientists are typically reluctant to 33 about bats because they make up such a large and diverse group of winged animals. With nearly 1, 500 species, bats 34 about one-fifth of all mammal （哺乳动物） species on Earth. But one thing that can be said about them as a group is that they are, in not- so-scientific terms, very odd. "They break all the 35 , "said Cori Lausen, a bat expert at the environmental group Wildlife Conservation Society Canada.
Being able to fly is just one of their 36 , since mammals rarely fly. Apart from that, bats can also push their heart rate to extreme highs and lows-as slow as one beat per minute. Many bat species can go into a period of deep sleep, known as "torpor", for a few hours a day or even for weeks to 37 energy when it's cold or food is unavailable. And while most small mammals have short lives and lots of babies, some bats can live for two decades or more and typically have just one baby per year.
For how much energy they need, it's also surprising that many bat species, including most of those in the US, rely on insects alone for food. They have to eat ridiculous quantities of them. A mom that is 38 a baby can catch more than 4, 000 insects in one night.
Oddly, although bats can fly, they can't easily take off from a（n） 39 position, like most birds and insects do. That's one reason why they hang upside down-bats have to gain the momentum they need by falling. "For them, it's not upside down, "Frick said. "It's flight-side ready!"
While bats remain highly understudied relative to birds and other mammals, scientists are 40 the alarm. In North America, more than half of all bat species are at risk of severe population decline. Climate change, they say, threatens to only speed up their extinction.
Vocabulary: 31-40 BDIJK EAFCH
2024·上海长宁·二模
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. engage B. assess C. combination D. intentions E. refresh F. understanding G. relaxed H. consciously I. return J. threatens K. regretfully
“Dealing with money is a basic life skill”
Why financial transactions are about relationships and why the
quality of the relationship is more important than the transaction itself.
British psychologist, William Bloom, has long argued that society would benefit if money flowed more freely-if, for example, people regularly give part of their salaries or profits to charity.
When you say, “Money should flow more freely,” what do you mean
“There are two metaphors that I like to use for money. One is the energy of the environment and human nature. Money represents a(n) ___11___ of these energies; it’s a materialized form of energy. The other metaphor is water. If you look at water, it can be still and polluted or, once the dams are opened, it has the ability to ___12___ itself. Healthy energy flows in the way rich people should allow their money to flow. If they are good, they will know how to give.”
Money still isn’t flowing freely.
A lot of it is dammed up in banks and in the hands of a small percentage of extremely wealthy individuals. “We have to build a society in which we are not threatened by each other. The gap between the rich and the poor ___13___ social connection and harmony. The Baby Boomers (婴儿潮一代) are too comfortable for too long. Now they have to ask themselves what their politics are, because life is political. This is the time for all of us to ___14___ politically.”
How can we deal with money in a healthier way
“When it comes to money, there is a lot of naiveté. Children need to be taught in school that dealing with money is a basic life skill. They need to be able to read a bank statement in a(n) ___15___ way. When a transaction takes place, this means ___16___ pausing to say, ‘This exchange affects me in this and this way.’ We are often in too much of a hurry to realize that. We also forget that transactions are first and foremost about relationships. The quality of that relationship is more important than the transaction itself. That’s why Bedouins (游牧民族贝都因人) always share a cup of tea when they do business together. They understand the need to ___17___ their relationship with others.”
Another form of flow is giving. Can that be a kind of spiritual practice
“Humans are paradoxical beings. It is possible to have pure ___18___ and to get satisfaction as a by-product from your actions. There is the classic idea that giving away money brings a sense of safety and satisfaction. And it
does. Being alive in this universe comes from the ___19___ that you’re part of a flow in the universe. People think highly of altruism (舍己为人), giving away money to someone who cannot see you. Donating money to charity is not just about the material effect but it also allows you to pay attention to what causes you’re supporting. It’s healthy to give without thinking of the material ____20____. Money is neutral, like language. It’s all about the way in which it is used.”
【答案】11. C 12. E
13. J 14. A
15. G 16. H
17. B 18. D
19. F 20. I
【解析】
【导语】本文的体裁是记叙文。文章主要讲述了处理金钱的方式和重要性，指出处理金钱是一种基本的生活技能，需要考虑到人际关系和交易的本质。作者认为，良好的人际关系比交易本身更重要，而给予则是一种精神实践，可以带来满足感和安全感。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：金钱代表了这些能量的组合。根据上文“One is the energy of the environment and human nature(一是环境和人性的能量)”以及下文“these energies(这些能量)”可推理出空白处应填表示“组合”含义的名词，故选C。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：一旦水坝被打开，它就有能力自我更新。根据上文“If you look at water, it can be still and polluted or, once the dams are opened, it has the ability to(如果你看看水，它可能是静止的和被污染的，或者，一旦水坝被打开，它就有能力……)”可推理出，空白处应填表示“更新”含义的表达，故选E。
【13题详解】
考查动词。句意：贫富差距威胁着社会联系与和谐。根据上文“The gap between the rich and the poor(贫富之间的差距)”以及下文“social connection and harmony(社会联系与和谐)”可推理出空白处填表示“对……有威胁”含义的表达，故选J。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：现在是我们所有人参与政治的时候了。根据“Now they have to ask themselves what their politics are, because life is political. This is the time for all of us to… politically(现在他们必须问自己他们的政治是什么，因为生活是政治性的。现在是我们所有人……政治的时候了)”可推理出空白处应填表示“参与”
含义的表达，故选A。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他们需要能够以轻松的方式阅读银行对账单。根据下文“We are often in too much of a hurry to realize that. We also forget that transactions are first and foremost about relationships. The quality of that relationship is more important than the transaction itself.(我们常常过于匆忙，没有意识到这一点。我们也忘记了交易首先是关系。这种关系的质量比交易本身更重要。)”可推理出此处说的是以轻松的方式阅读银行对账单，空白处应填表示“轻松的”含义的形容词，故选G。
【16题详解】
考查副词。句意：当交易发生时，这意味着有意识地停下来说，“这次交易以这种方式影响了我。”根据下文“This exchange affects me in this and this way(这次交易以这种方式影响了我)”可推理出空白处应填表示“有意识地”含义的副词，故选H。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：他们理解评估自己与他人关系的必要性。根据上文“The quality of that relationship is more important than the transaction itself. That’s why Bedouins (游牧民族贝都因人) always share a cup of tea when they do business together(这种关系的质量比交易本身更为重要。这就是为什么游牧民族贝都因人在做生意时总是要一起分享一杯茶的原因)”以及下文“their relationship with others(他们与别人的关系)”可推理出空白处应填表示“评估”含义的动词，故选B。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：有可能拥有纯粹的意图，并从你的行动中获得作为副产品的满足感。根据下文“get satisfaction as a by-product from your actions(获得作为副产品的满足感)”可推理出此处说的是一种单纯的意图，故选D。
【19题详解】
考查动名词。句意：生活在这个宇宙中源于你理解自己是宇宙中的一部分，是宇宙洪流中的一部分。根据下文“you’re part of a flow in the universe(你是宇宙洪流中的一部分)”可推理出此处说的是一种对自己的理解，空白处填表示“理解”含义的表达，故选F。
【20题详解】
考查名词。句意：不考虑物质回报付出是健康的。根据上文“It’s healthy to give without thinking of the material(不考虑物质……的付出是健康的)”以及下文“Money is neutral, like language. It’s all about the way in which it is used(金钱是中性的，就像语言一样。这完全取决于它的使用方式)”可知，此处上下文说的是不考虑……的给予行为是健康的，结合下文，这里将金钱比作语言，暗示金钱本身并没有好坏之分，关键在
于人们如何使用它。因此，前文提到的“不考虑物质回报”与后文对金钱使用方式的讨论在逻辑上是连贯的，可推理出空白处应填表示“回报”含义的名词，故选I。
2024·上海崇明·二模
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. activate B. amounted C. compared D. energetic E. guidelines F. identify
G. image H. influenced I. respects J. review K. substantial
Exercise Can Help Prevent Depression, Study Finds
How often do you exercise A new 31 from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those who exercise are less likely to develop depression, even if they exercise less than the recommended amount.
The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in 2.5 to 5 hours of moderate activity per week or one hour and 15 minutes to 2.5 hours of 32 aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week or some combination of the two.
Adults who took a walk for what 33 to 2.5 hours per week were less likely to develop depression than those who didn’t exercise at all, the study found. But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t exercise at all, according to researchers. “In this study, a relatively small amount of physical activity were associated with a(n) 34 decrease in risks of depression,” the study says. The researchers analyzed 15 studies with nearly 200,000 participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an 18% lower risk of depression
35 with adults who did not exercise, the study says. Participants who exercised the recommended amount had a 25% lower risk of depression than those who did not. Exercising more than the recommended amount hardly 36 depression risk, according to researchers.
Many 37 of exercise can lead to improved mental health. For example, working out can increase circulation (血液循环) to the brain and 38 the central nervous system, leading to what many refer to as a “runners high,” the study says. More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body 39 , which can cause a person to be more social, researchers say.
Nearly 5% of adults in the U.S. report regular feelings of depression, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Among the study participants, researchers estimate that 1 in every 9 cases of depression might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise 40 , the study says.
31. J 32. D 33. B 34. K 35. C 36. H 37. I 38. A 39. G 40. E2024年高考英语二轮复习专题： 十一选十（选词填空）（上海专用）
2023·上海秋考·真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.unworkable B.indicative C.polar D.promising E.quantity
F.requests G.content H. vision I.evaluating J.unmet K.subscribing
Brainstorming is a creative process that can help generate new and innovative ideas to solve complex problems. It involves bringing together individuals from diverse backgrounds and perspectives to share their ideas freely and build upon each other's contributions. However, to make the most of this process, it is important to create an environment that encourages active participation and collaboration. Here are some key principles to keep in mind when conducting a brainstorming session.
Firstly, it is important to have a clear vision or goal for the brainstorming session. This will help guide the discussion and ensure that all ideas generated are relevant to the topic at hand. Participants should be encouraged to share their thoughts and ideas freely, without fear of judgment or criticism. By (31)________to each other's ideas, individuals can build on each other's contributions and create a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.
When (32)________ the quality of ideas generated during a brainstorming session, it is important to consider both the quantity and the (33)________ . While a high quantity of ideas can be beneficial,it is more important to focus on the quality of the ideas and how well they align with the group's shared vision. Ideas that are (34)________ or irrelevant to the group's goals should be discarded in favor of those that are more (35)________.
It is also important to honor (36)________ for more information or clarification on a particular idea. This can help the group better evaluate the idea and determine whether it aligns with their shared vision. If an idea is deemed unworkable or needs are (37)________ comprehensively, it is important to recognize this and move on to other ideas that may be more feasible.
In addition to evaluating the quality of ideas, it is important to consider the content of the discussion. The brainstorming session should be focused on generating new ideas and solutions.rather than rehashing old ones. Participants should be encouraged to think creatively and outside the box, and to avoid getting bogged down in the details.
The (38)________ of ideas generated during a brainstorming session can also be an important factor to consider. While a high quantity of ideas is not always indicative of a successful session, it can help ensure that all possibilities are explored and considered. Participants should be encouraged to generate as many ideas as possible, without worrying about whether they are practical or feasible.
Ultimately, the success of a brainstorming session depends on the group's ability to work together towards a shared (39)________. By creating a culture of subscribing to each other's ideas and evaluating them based on their
quality and relevance, we can generate innovative solutions to complex problems that benefit society as a whole. Brainstorming is a powerful tool that can help us overcome the (40)________ that plagues our society, and create a more collaborative and creative future.
2024·上海杨浦·二模
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.wrestling B. approaches C. preoccupied D. experimenting E. dynamically F. bound G. moderate H. applies I. inadequate J. unitedly K. integrity
Dare to be Dull
A big part of why spontaneous (即兴的) speaking feels so challenging is the desire to always say the right thing in the right way at the right time. But that leads to unnecessary self-evaluation and criticism, consuming precious mental energy and preventing you from ____11____ engaging in the moment. I often advise people to follow a spontaneous comedy saying: “Dare to be dull.” That is, don’t feel you are ___12___ to give an exceptional performance. Recognize that there is no single “correct” way to answer a question, give feedback or welcome a colleague —only better or worse ____13____.
Another popular saying also ____14____ here: “Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good.” Listeners are more likely to trust you when you speak like a man of ____15____ rather than an actor or a robot. For example, research shows that the most effective speech includes ____16____ use of fillers such as “um” and “ah.” So when you need to speak spontaneously, refocus your attention on your listeners instead of ____17____ with your inner critic. Attempting to serve their needs will take your mental spotlight off yourself, relieving the pressure you feel. Tell yourself that ____18____, making mistakes, and learning during spontaneous interactions are normal.
Micah, a student of mine, was fearful that his class contributions would be seen as ____19____. To avoid embarrassment, he planned and rehearsed the points he wanted to make. But because he was always working to remember them and find the right time to use them, he was ____20____ and failed to get the most out of discussions. With my help he focused on silencing his inner critic. He began offering more ideas, sometimes imperfectly formed, and in just a few weeks he became less anxious and more confident.
2024·上海浦东·二模
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. backfire B. compensate C. extend D. impressive E. meaningful F. measure G. needle H. overall I. perceive J. punishment K. typically
Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight
Many of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting (or restarting) exercise regimens (练身计划) in hopes of shedding unwanted pounds. Unquestionably, aiming to be more active is good. But if the main reason is to lose weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well ___11___.
For starters, exercise — at least the kind most of us do — is ___12___ ineffective for weight loss. Take walking, for example. A 150-pound person who walks briskly for 30 minutes will burn, on average, around 140 calories. That’s equal to one can of soda — not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort. It’s much easier just to skip the soda.
Studies ___13___ show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for 30 minutes a day, five days a week — the amount recommended for good health — typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.
When moderate exercise is added to diet, the results are equally not ___14___. Pooling data from six trials, researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six months.
In studies where exercise has produced ___15___ weight loss, participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per session on five or more days a week. To achieve that, sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing or able to do. And even if we manage to exert that much effort, our bodies often ___16___ by boosting appetite and dialing down metabolism, effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.
Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into ___17___. How many times have you heard someone say (or said yourself) “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner
The point is that we’re more likely to ___18___ exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-being rather than our weight. The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress. Others may find that exercise makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.
Of course, the benefits of physical activity ___19___ well beyond these. It’s been shown to reduce the risk of multiple diseases. It can also improve sleep and boost energy.
By all means, striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do for your health. But to improve the odds of success, focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and emotionally — and forget about how it moves the ____20____ on the scale.
2024·上海黄浦·二模
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. convincing B. disinformation C. hazards D. illogical E. maintain F. preview
G. publicly H. racing I. response J. speed K. seemingly
OpenAI Unveils A.I. that Instantly Generates Eye-Popping Videos
Last April, a New York start-up called Runway AI revealed technology that let people generate videos. The four-second videos were shadowy and disturbing. But they were a clear sign that artificial intelligence technologies would generate increasingly __31__ videos sooner. Just 10 months later, OpenAI has revealed a similar system, Sora, that creates videos that look as if they were lifted from a Hollywood movie.
OpenAI is among the many companies __32__ to improve this kind of instant video generator. The technology could __33__ the work of experienced moviemakers. It could also become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online __34__, making it even harder to tell what’s real on the internet.
In an interview, the team behind the technology said the company was not yet releasing Sora to the public because it was still working to understand the system’s __35__. The intention here is to give a(n) __36__ of what is likely to happen soon, so that people can see the capabilities of this technology.
Like other generative A.I. technologies, OpenAI’s system learns by analyzing digital data — in this case, videos and subtitles describing what those videos contain. OpenAI declined to say how many videos the system learned from or where they came from, except to say the training included both __37__ available videos and videos that were licensed from copyright holders. The company says little about the data used to train its technologies, most likely because it wants to __38__ an advantage over competitors.
Sora generates videos in __39__ to short descriptions. Though the videos can be impressive, they may include strange and __40__ images. The system, for example, recently generated a video of someone eating a cookie — but the cookie never got any smaller.
2024·上海普陀·二模
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. empowers B. termed C. interaction D. implications E. advances
F. question G. obtained H. additionally I. pressure J. currently K. defining
A New Era of Creative Partnerships
In a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI, researcher Janet Rafner from Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University and Prof. Jacob Sherson, director of the Center for Hybrid Intelligence, together with international partners, discuss research and societal (31) ______ of creativity and AI.
The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and developing co-creativity, the interaction between humans and machines towards what is (32) ______ a human-centered AI and hybrid intelligence. In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面) that at the same time ensure both high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best (33) ______ each other.
Rafner comments: To date, most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of human-computer (34) ______ and focus on the abilities of the AI, and the interaction design and dynamics.
While these (35) ______ are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and algorithms(算法) and human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product, there is an urgent need to enrich these applications with the insights about creativity (36) ______ over the past decades in the psychological sciences.
“Right now, we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative One reason for this is that (37) ______ creativity is not set in stone. When investigating human only, machine only, and human-AI co-creativity, we need to consider the type and level of creativity under (38) ______, from everyday creative activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine automatization to contributions that may require higher-level human intervention; (39) ______, it is much more meaningful to consider some questions like, what are the similarities and differences in human cognition, behavior, motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能) between human-AI co-creativity and human creativity ”explains Rafner.
We, (40) ______, don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines, because the line between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear. Looking ahead, researchers should balance predictive accuracy with theoretical understanding, towards the goal of developing intelligent systems to both measure and enhance human creativity.
2024·上海徐汇·二模
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. conservation B. relocate C. momentarily D. program E. critical F. initiative G. ensure H. permanently I. additional J. reserve K. unexpected
A team of scientists led by Alejandro Arteaga, grantee of The Explorers Club Discovery Expeditions and researcher at Khamai Foundation, discovered three new cryptozoic (living underground) snakes dwelling under graveyards (墓地) and churches in remote towns in the Andes region of Ecuador.
It was an exploration that led to the most (31) _______ of places.
First published in the journal, Zookeys, Arteaga and his team named the small brown color-patterned snakes in honor of institutions or people supporting the exploration and (32) _______ of remote cloud forests in the tropics.
The Discovery Ground Snake (Atractus discovery) was found underground in a small graveyard. Two (33) _______ new species were found near an old church and inside a small school. Destruction of the snake's native forest habitat may have forced them to (34) _______ to these people-less areas according to Arteaga's findings.
Atractus discovery was named to honor The Explorers Club Discovery Expedition Grants (35) _______, a program seeking to foster scientific understanding for the betterment of humanity and all life on Earth and beyond. The grant program supports researchers and explorers from around the world in their quest to ease the climate change crisis, prevent the extinction of species and cultures, and (36) _______ the health of the Earth and its inhabitants.
Atractus zgap was named in honor of the Zoological Society for the Conservation of Species and Populations (ZGAP), a(n) (37) _______ seeking to conserve unknown but highly endangered species and their natural environment.
Atractus michaelsabini was named in honor of Michael Sabin, grandson of American philanthropist and conservationist Andrew Sabin. Through conservation organization Re:wild, the Sabin family has supported field research of threatened reptiles and has protected thousands of acres of (38) _______ habitat throughout the world.
“The discovery of these new snakes is only the first step towards a much larger conservation project,” says Arteaga. “We have already started the process of establishing a nature (39) _______ to protect the ground snakes. This action would not have been possible without first unveiling the existence of these unique and cryptic reptiles, even if it meant (40) _______ disturbing the peace of the dead in the graveyard where they lived.”
2024·上海松江·二模
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．accompanied B．allowed C．feasibly D．fueled E．intensity F．option G．prompting H．routine I．surgically J．underlying K．varied
Brain Signals for Lasting Pain
Brain signals that reveal how much pain a person is in have been discovered by scientists who say the work is a step towards new treatments for people living with lasting pain.
It is the first time researchers have decoded the brain activity 31 patients’ lasting pain. That has raised the hope that brain stimulation treatment already used for Parkinson’s and major depression can help those running out of any other 32 . “We’ve learned that lasting pain can be tracked and predicted in the real world,” said Prasad Shirvalkar, lead researcher on the project at the University of California.
Lasting pain affects nearly 28 million adults in the UK alone, and the causes are 33 . ranging from cancer to back problems. That being the case, lasting pain has 34 a rise in taking powerful painkillers. But no medical treatments work well for the condition, 35 experts to call for a complete rethink in how health services handle patients with lasting pain.
For the latest study, Shirvalkar and his colleagues 36 implanted electrodes（电极） into four patients with lasting pain hard to deal with after the loss of legs. The devices 37 the patients to record activity and collect data in two brain regions— the ACC and the OFC—at the press of one button on a remote handset. Several times a day, the volunteers were asked to complete short surveys on the 38 of pain, meaning how strong the pain was, and then record their brain activity. These scientists, armed with the survey responses and brain recordings, found they could use computers to predict a person’s pain based on the electrical signals in their OFC. “We found very different brain activity 39 severe pain and have developed an objective biomarker for that kind of pain,” said Shirvalkar. The finding may explain, at least in part, why 40 painkillers are less effective for lasting pain. “The hope is that we can use the information to develop personalized brain stimulation treatment for the most severe forms of pain.”
2024·上海静安·二模
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. army B. available C. displayed D. reserves E. straight F. inserted G. additional H. advocates I. initiative J. proven K. existing
A new way to reduce poaching
Researchers are working on a pilot program backed by Russia’s Rosatom Corp to inject rhino horns (犀牛角) with radioactive material, a strategy that could discourage consumption and make it easier to detect illegal trade.
Poachers (偷猎者) killed 394 rhinos in South Africa for their horns last year, government data shows, with public and private game ___11___ lacking the resources needed to monitor vast tracts of land and protect the animals that live there. While the toll was a third lower than in 2019 and the sixth ___12___ drop, illegal hunting remains the biggest threat to about 20,000 of the animals in the country — the world’s biggest population.
Thousands of ___13___ sensors along international borders could be used to detect a small quantity of radioactive material ___14___ into the horns, according to James Larkin, a professor at the University of Witswatersrand in Johannesburg, who has a background in radiation protection and nuclear security. “A whole new ___15___ of people could be able to detect the illegal movement of rhino horn,” he said. Some alternate methods of discouraging poaching, including poisoning, dyeing and removing the horns, have raised a variety of opinions as to their virtue and efficacy.
Known as The Rhisotope Project, the new anti-poaching ___16___ started earlier this month with the injection of an amino acid (氨基酸) into two rhinos’ horns in order to detect whether the compound will move into the
animals’ bodies. Also, ___17___ studies using computer modeling and a replica rhino head will be done to determine a safe dose of radioactive material. Rhino horn is used in traditional medicine, as it is believed to cure disease such as cancer, ___18___ as a show of wealth and given as gifts.
“If we make it radioactive, these people will be hesitant to buy it,” Larkin said. “We’re pushing on the whole supply chain.”
Besides Russia’s state-owned nuclear company, the University of Witwatersrand, scientists and private rhino owners are involved in the project. If the method is ___19___ feasible, it could also be used to curb illegal trade in elephant ivory.
“Once we have developed the whole project and got to the point where we completed the proof of concept, then we will be making this whole idea ____20____ to whoever wants to use it,” Larkin said.
2024·上海虹口·二模
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Science in Images
Oyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it.
A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on nutrient-poor dead wood, then 31 the worms for nutrition.
“Nematodes happen to be the most 32 animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, 33 , this cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author.
The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow 34 the worms within minutes and cause a chemical element to flow into their cells, killing them. This 35 differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.
For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind of 36 compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue again and 37 analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny, special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures
38 their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the mushrooms.
Before this study, “we underestimated the 39 to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates “a very 40 approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing that you can do some really amazing work with them.”
2024·上海宝山·二模
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. process B. impacting C. appearance D. linked E. assessment F. costly G. crucial H. highly I. legal J. pause K. marketed
Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades. Traditional tobacco products, such as cigarettes, have been 31 to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart disease, respiratory (呼吸的) disorders and others. According to a survey, 78.3 percent of smokers start smoking before age 20. Taiwan Province of China has raised the 32 smoking age to 20 or above. By instituting this change, they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.
Despite being 33 as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are still considered tobacco. As such, they pose significant dangers to human health. The heating 34 used in these products releases harmful chemicals and poisons, including tar (焦油), carbon monoxide and nicotine, a(n) 35 addictive substance.
HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking. To prevent young people from experimenting with HTPs and 36 their health, Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of tobacco product by adding a health risk 37 review mechanism. Only products that pass the review process are allowed to be manufactured, imported and sold to consumers.
The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers 38 and encourage them to quit. Quitting tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and breathing problems. Quitting smoking can also improve your 39 . Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow teeth. Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste and smell. By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.
Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn't easy. Most people will also encounter numerous challenges including nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness, irritability (易怒) and difficulty concentrating. Supportive social environments, coping strategies and professional help are 40 for overcoming these things and living a smoke-free life.
2024·上海奉贤·二模
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. flooded B. leaps C. increasingly D. combines E. reflect F. emphasizing G. pioneering H. crafted I. technical J. unexpectedly K. classic
Chinese animations（动画） are booming
The "Black Cat Delective", released 40 years ago, was a childhood favorite for many Chinese. Since then, Chinese cartoons have come a long way. While "Black Cat Detective" was simply drawn, current cartoons feature 31 advances and fascinating plots. One example is "Boonie Bears: Time Twist", a family-friendly adventure released in February, with smooth animation reminding us of Pixar, a 32 animation studio now owned by Disney.
These recent 33 in quality have enabled Chinese cartoons to succeed at the domestic box office. "Ne Zha: Birth of the Demon Child" was the most well-received film in China in 2019, 34 beating out "Avengers: Endgame ", a superhero movie by Marvel Studios.
In the 1960s, China's animation industry saw a big downturn as American and Japanese films 35 into the Chinese market, dominating both domestic television and cinema screens. As a result, Chinese animators 36 began to work for western studios. However, things changed in 2015 with the release of "Monkey King: Hero is Back", a breakthrough for Chinese animation. This film, based on the timeless 37 "Journey to the Wes/", signaled a new era of creativity and success in the industry. The main character, the Monkey King, is depicted（刻画） as going through a mid-life crisis, which 38 the director's view that cartoons are not just for children.
Light Chaser Animation, a Beijing-based studio, has contributed to the popularity of cartoons in China. Its production "30,000 Miles from Chang' an" 39 elements of Chinese culture, history, and legends with aesthetic（美学的） feeling of Tang dynasty poetry. Indeed, traditional themes are widespread among successful Chinese animations, 40 the importance of traditional culture as a foundation for Chinese animation. Like other industries, cartoons in China are inspired by Western innovations but with added "Chinese characteristics".
2024·上海青浦·二模
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. emerge B. absorbing C. subject D. defining E. movement
F. originally G. course H. universally I. happens J. constant K. corresponds
How Long Is a Second
The length of a second depends on how you’re measuring it. There are 24 hours in a day, 60 minutes in an hour, and 60 seconds in a minute — so surely a second is 1/86400, of a day, right Well, it turns out that __31__ time isn’t that simple.
“The second was __32__ based on the length of the day,” Peter Whibberley, a senior scientist at the National Physical Laboratory in the U.K., told Live Science. “People observed the sun passing overhead and started measuring its __33__ using sundials (日晷). However, sundials have a few disadvantages. Aside from the obvious
problem of not being able to read a sundial when the sun isn’t visible, relying on Earth’s daily turning is surprisingly inaccurate. “The turning is not precisely __34__,” Whibberley said. “The Earth speeds up and slows down over time.” So how can we precisely measure time if using the length of a day is so unreliable
In the 16th century, people turned to technological solutions to this problem, and the first recognizable mechanical clocks began to __35__. The earliest mechanical clocks, which were designed to click at a specific frequency, averaged over the __36__ of a year.
By around 1940, quartz crystal clocks (石英钟) had become the new gold standard. However, problems arose, and this was where atomic clocks came in. “Atoms exist only in particular energy states and can only change from one state to another by __37__ or giving out a fixed amount of energy,” Whibberley explained. “That energy __38__ to a precise frequency, so you can use that frequency as a reference for time keeping.” The astronomical second continued to vary. Every few years, scientists must add a second to allow Earth’s slowing turning to keep up with atomic time.
In fact, scientists are discussing whether it’s time to redefine the second again. But while several important questions still need to be answered before this __39__, it’s clear that the strictly correct definition of a second is __40__ to change.
2024·上海闵行·二模
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. contrast B. instructed C. concentrating D. potential E. touching F. played G. better H. specialized I. spot J. follow K. tracing
Unfamiliar Music May Help People Chat at Parties
If you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party, make sure you play music they probably haven’t heard before.
To explore how background music affects the way we ___31___ conversations, researchers Jane Brown and Gavin Bidelman conducted a study analyzing the brain activity of 31 individuals aged21 and 33. During the experiment, participants listened to 72 minutes of an audiobook (有声读物), which the pair used as a replacement for ___32___ on someone talking, while background music was accompanied by the audiobook for most of the time.
For half of the experiment, the participants were asked to focus on2-minute parts of an unfamiliar audiobook read by a man. The rest of the time, they were told to focus on four background songs, which were similarly ___33___ for2 minutes at a time. This ___34___ in voices aimed to assess participants’ ability to shift attention between two distinctly different voices.
During the experiment, all the participants wore ___35___ caps to monitor the electrical activity taking place in
their brains. This ___36___ of electrical activity was the key. It allowed Brown and Bidelman to discover how efficiently these individuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music when ___37___ to do so. The finding revealed that the participants could ___38___ turn their attention to the audiobook if the background music was unfamiliar to them.
Following the task, the participants completed a music perception survey evaluating their musical skills, such as the capacity to ___39___ whether a pair of similar-sounding tunes are the same. Notably, those with lower musical scores demonstrated slower attentional shifts between songs and audiobooks, suggesting a(n) ___40___ link between musical ability and attention management skills.
2024·上海金山·二模
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. actually B. amazed C. breathtaking D. critics E. gradually F. prize
G. reflection H. release I. solid J. standardize K. switched
Will AI allow humans to play a part
Rebecca used to have a regular job, translating a fashion brand’s website into German. One day a big change happened. The company (31) ______ to using machine translation. She kept the job, and it still paid the bills; however, she was now there to check and (32) ______ whatever was produced by the computer. But there was a complaint.
“What it meant, (33) ______, was that we humans were training a machine,” she says. Each corrected caption for a mid-priced T-shirt, each pair of skinny jeans, was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her. With the (34) ______ of chat programs that can imitate humans, the world is now beginning to consider what the coming of artificial intelligence means. What will it do for our jobs if many once (35) ______ professions — law, accountancy, medicine — disappear What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most (36) ______— intelligence — has become the cheapest product on the planet Translators, for good and ill, don’t have to wonder. “You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a (37) ______ of the world,” says Nicki Bone, chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting. Not all of them are adjusting. “Of course, we have our (38) ______,” but she adds, “There are also opportunities, and optimists.”
The speed of change, though, has been (39) ______. Increasingly, says Bone, she and her colleagues are acting as editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw material.
For some, that’s fine. “People will say, ‘OK, instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour, I’m working at many more words per hour, but for a much lower rate.’ Some are happy to take on. Some won’t, as a matter of principle.”
As we are (40) ______ at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing, translators are, compared with the rest of the professions, sensitive. Anyway, this technology is here to stay.
2024·上海嘉定·二模
Directions: After reading the passage below, fil in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.
A. conserve B. wrinkly C. stationary D. exceptional E. oddities F. nursing G. timely H. sounding I. generalize J. comprise K. rules
The Curious World of Bats
Not all bats are unbelievably adorable, like the one below. Many of them have 31 faces and large ears that help them "see" in the dark, using echo location （回声定位）. But all bats are, without a doubt, 32 creatures.
Scientists are typically reluctant to 33 about bats because they make up such a large and diverse group of winged animals. With nearly 1, 500 species, bats 34 about one-fifth of all mammal （哺乳动物） species on Earth. But one thing that can be said about them as a group is that they are, in not- so-scientific terms, very odd. "They break all the 35 , "said Cori Lausen, a bat expert at the environmental group Wildlife Conservation Society Canada.
Being able to fly is just one of their 36 , since mammals rarely fly. Apart from that, bats can also push their heart rate to extreme highs and lows-as slow as one beat per minute. Many bat species can go into a period of deep sleep, known as "torpor", for a few hours a day or even for weeks to 37 energy when it's cold or food is unavailable. And while most small mammals have short lives and lots of babies, some bats can live for two decades or more and typically have just one baby per year.
For how much energy they need, it's also surprising that many bat species, including most of those in the US, rely on insects alone for food. They have to eat ridiculous quantities of them. A mom that is 38 a baby can catch more than 4, 000 insects in one night.
Oddly, although bats can fly, they can't easily take off from a（n） 39 position, like most birds and insects do. That's one reason why they hang upside down-bats have to gain the momentum they need by falling.
"For them, it's not upside down, "Frick said. "It's flight-side ready!"
While bats remain highly understudied relative to birds and other mammals, scientists are 40 the alarm. In North America, more than half of all bat species are at risk of severe population decline. Climate change, they say, threatens to only speed up their extinction.
2024·上海长宁·二模
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. engage B. assess C. combination D. intentions E. refresh F. understanding G. relaxed H. consciously I. return J. threatens K. regretfully
“Dealing with money is a basic life skill”
Why financial transactions are about relationships and why the
quality of the relationship is more important than the transaction itself.
British psychologist, William Bloom, has long argued that society would benefit if money flowed more freely-if, for example, people regularly give part of their salaries or profits to charity.
When you say, “Money should flow more freely,” what do you mean
“There are two metaphors that I like to use for money. One is the energy of the environment and human nature. Money represents a(n) ___11___ of these energies; it’s a materialized form of energy. The other metaphor is water. If you look at water, it can be still and polluted or, once the dams are opened, it has the ability to ___12___ itself. Healthy energy flows in the way rich people should allow their money to flow. If they are good, they will know how to give.”
Money still isn’t flowing freely.
A lot of it is dammed up in banks and in the hands of a small percentage of extremely wealthy individuals. “We have to build a society in which we are not threatened by each other. The gap between the rich and the poor ___13___ social connection and harmony. The Baby Boomers (婴儿潮一代) are too comfortable for too long. Now they have to ask themselves what their politics are, because life is political. This is the time for all of us to ___14___ politically.”
How can we deal with money in a healthier way
“When it comes to money, there is a lot of naiveté. Children need to be taught in school that dealing with
money is a basic life skill. They need to be able to read a bank statement in a(n) ___15___ way. When a transaction takes place, this means ___16___ pausing to say, ‘This exchange affects me in this and this way.’ We are often in too much of a hurry to realize that. We also forget that transactions are first and foremost about relationships. The quality of that relationship is more important than the transaction itself. That’s why Bedouins (游牧民族贝都因人) always share a cup of tea when they do business together. They understand the need to ___17___ their relationship with others.”
Another form of flow is giving. Can that be a kind of spiritual practice
“Humans are paradoxical beings. It is possible to have pure ___18___ and to get satisfaction as a by-product from your actions. There is the classic idea that giving away money brings a sense of safety and satisfaction. And it does. Being alive in this universe comes from the ___19___ that you’re part of a flow in the universe. People think highly of altruism (舍己为人), giving away money to someone who cannot see you. Donating money to charity is not just about the material effect but it also allows you to pay attention to what causes you’re supporting. It’s healthy to give without thinking of the material ____20____. Money is neutral, like language. It’s all about the way in which it is used.”
2024·上海崇明·二模
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. activate B. amounted C. compared D. energetic E. guidelines F. identify
G. image H. influenced I. respects J. review K. substantial
Exercise Can Help Prevent Depression, Study Finds
How often do you exercise A new 31 from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those who exercise are less likely to develop depression, even if they exercise less than the recommended amount.
The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in 2.5 to 5 hours of moderate activity per week or one hour and 15 minutes to 2.5 hours of 32 aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week or some combination of the two.
Adults who took a walk for what 33 to 2.5 hours per week were less likely to develop depression than those who didn’t exercise at all, the study found. But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t exercise at all, according to researchers. “In this study, a relatively small amount of physical activity were associated with a(n) 34 decrease in risks of depression,” the study says. The researchers analyzed 15 studies with nearly 200,000 participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per week had an 18% lower risk of depression
35 with adults who did not exercise, the study says. Participants who exercised the recommended amount had a 25% lower risk of depression than those who did not. Exercising more than the recommended amount hardly 36 depression risk, according to researchers.
Many 37 of exercise can lead to improved mental health. For example, working out can increase
circulation (血液循环) to the brain and 38 the central nervous system, leading to what many refer to as a “runners high,” the study says. More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body 39 , which can cause a person to be more social, researchers say.
Nearly 5% of adults in the U.S. report regular feelings of depression, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Among the study participants, researchers estimate that 1 in every 9 cases of depression might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise 40 , the study says.