2024年中考英语二轮复习专题： 阅读理解之说明文（广东广州专用）
A
China sent a new X-ray astronomical satellite in space, Einstein Probe, on Jan. 9, 2024.
According to Yuan Weimin, a researcher of the satellite project, the satellite is expected to find the first light from supernova explosions (超新星爆炸) in the universe, monitor high-energy transient (瞬态) objects in the universe, which are now poorly understood by scientists.
When developing the satellite, a new generation of detection equipment (探测设备) with large fields of view and high sensitivity (灵敏度) was needed. But the important question was how to make such equipment.
Lobsters (龙虾) are a kind of sea animal which can be found around the world. Scientists discovered early on that lobsters’ eyes are different from other animals’. Lobsters’ eyes are made up of lots of tiny square tubes, pointing to the same center, which allows light from all directions to reflect in the tubes and meet on the retina (视网膜), which gives lobsters a large field of view. Scientists then simulated (模仿) the lobsters’ eyes to create a telescope to catch X-rays in space.
Through working together with other organizations, the X-ray Imaging Laboratory began the research and development work on lobster-eye X-ray imaging technology in 2010 and finally made a breakthrough.
“Thanks to the lobster-eye telescope technology, the Einstein Probe is able to monitor the poorly known soft X-ray band with a large field of view and high sensitivity,” Yuan said.
1．What is Einstein Probe
A．A newly-found planet. B．A newly-built space station.
C．A new X-ray astronomical satellite. D．A new telescope technology.
2．Why was Einstein Probe sent in space
A．To enlarge the field of view. B．To catch the supernova explosion.
C．To monitor the sensitivity of objects. D．To improve the detection equipment.
3．How did scientists create the telescope technology
A．By simulating the lobsters’ eyes. B．By observing lobsters’ movement.
C．By doing experiments on sea animals. D．By comparing lobsters with other sea animals.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．The new detection equipment looked like a lobster.
B．Scientists knew nothing about supernova explosion.
C．China is the first country to send Einstein Probe into space.
D．The lobster-eye telescope technology leads to Einstein Probe’s success.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】本文介绍了2024年1月9日，中国向太空发射了一颗新的X射线天文卫星“爱因斯坦探测器”。该探测器有望发现超新星爆炸发出的第一缕光，将监测宇宙中的高能瞬态物体。该卫星计划是中国科学院空间科学项目的一部分，受到了世界各地的关注。
1．细节理解题。根据“China sent a new X-ray astronomical satellite in space, Einstein Probe, on Jan. 9, 2024.”可知，“爱因斯坦探测器”是一颗新的X射线天文卫星。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据“According to Yuan Weimin, a researcher of the satellite project, the satellite is expected to find the first light from supernova explosions (超新星爆炸) in the universe, monitor high-energy transient (瞬态) objects in the universe, which are now poorly understood by scientists.”可知，“爱因斯坦探测器”被送入太空是为了捕捉超新星爆炸。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据“Scientists then simulated (模仿) the lobsters’ eyes to create a telescope to catch X-rays in space.”可知，科学家通过模拟龙虾的眼睛来创造望远镜技术的。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据“Thanks to the lobster-eye telescope technology, the Einstein Probe is able to monitor the poorly known soft X-ray band with a large field of view and high sensitivity”可推知，龙虾眼望远镜技术使“爱因斯坦探测器”获得成功。故选D。
B
Money can’t buy you happiness Well, what if it could Not by making it or spending it, but by giving it away.
In an experiment (实验) in Switzerland, researchers gave each of the 50 volunteers 20 every week for four weeks. Half of the volunteers were asked to spend the money on themselves and make a note of how they spent the money. But researchers asked the other half to spend the money on another person.
After that, all 50 volunteers did the same task in a laboratory. They were asked to think of a person who they would like to give money to. Then they had to decide how much money, from 3 to 20, they wanted to give away. While the volunteers thought about this, researchers studied their brain activity using an MRI machine.
The results showed two things. First, the 25 volunteers who gave away their money during the four weeks were more generous (慷慨的) and chose to give away more money in the laboratory task. Second, those same people were much happier than the people who once spent the money on themselves.
In the experiment, the volunteers were asked to give money away. But would you like to do this in your daily life Can you really make yourself happy by giving The answer is yes, but remember to start small. You can start by giving 1 to a homeless person. Gradually, you can try to change your habits so you save money to give away. For example, stop buying lunch every day and take a packed lunch to work or school. You can then save some money and give it to people in need.
Learning to give away money is all about changing the way you behave. It’s about living with less and being more generous. And this will make you happy.
5．The writer starts the passage by ______.
A．telling a story B．asking questions C．describing a scene D．giving examples
6．What did the researchers ask the volunteers to decide in the laboratory
A．Who needed their money most. B．How they wanted to spend their money.
C．Whether they wanted to join the experiment. D．How much money they would like to give away.
7．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A．Being volunteers. B．Giving away money.
C．Changing your habits. D．Making yourself happy.
8．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．“Buy” happiness B．“Sell” happiness
C．How to save money D．How to be a generous person
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．B 8．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了瑞士的一项实验表明，给予他人可以让人更慷慨、更快乐。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“Money can’t buy you happiness Well, what if it could Not by making it or spending it, but by giving it away.”可知，作者采用设问法导入文章主题，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“they had to decide how much money, from 3 to 20, they wanted to give away.”可知，研究者让志愿者们决定捐多少钱给别人，故选D。
7．词义猜测题。根据“the volunteers were asked to give money away”可知，指示代词“this”指代前文提到的捐钱的事情，故选B。
8．标题归纳题。根据第一段“Money can’t buy you happiness Well, what if it could Not by making it or spending it, but by giving it away.”可知，文章主要的主题是金钱能够买来快乐，那就是学会给予，故选A。
C
A large number of tourists were going to Death Valley in the United States this week, hoping to experience the hottest day on the Earth. Death Valley is a national park in the state of California and is known for being the hottest and driest place on our planet. The desert already holds the record for the hottest day in history—56. 6 degrees Celsius (摄氏度) in July 1913. That’s super hot!
Some scientists now doubt whether the record is correct. It is one of many records from the early 1900s that have been questioned by the World Metcorological Organization (世界气象组织), which is considered as the keeper of world record temperatures.
Randy Cevermny, who works there says temperatures at or above 54. 44 degrees Celsius have only been recorded a few times, mostly in Death Valley where signs warn visitors not to walk after 10:00 a. m. At the weekend, scientists were tracking ( 追 踪 ) high clouds in the Death Valley area that could keep temperatures below the record mark. “The all-time record seems quite safe today(Sunday), ”said Matt Woods from the National Weather Service.
The desert heat comes at a time when the hot weather in the northern hemisphere (北半球) has put about one third of Americans under heat warnings, as well as terrible temperatures across European countries including Italy, Spain and Greece.
June in 2023 was the hottest June on record, according to some weather organizations. The climate change caused by human activities, such as the burning of carbon, oil and gas, will make the world hotter over the next 10 years. For us, living a green life has a long way to go.
9．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．National Weather Service is the keeper of world record temperatures.
B．The hottest day in history is in August.
C．High clouds can keep temperatures below the record mark.
D．About two thirds Americans have received heat warnings.
10．The writer develops Paragraph 5 by ________.
A．giving examples B．listing numbers
C．asking questions D．telling stories
11．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the last paragraph
A．To introduce some weather organizations.
B．To teach people how to protect the environment.
C．To show the influence of hot weather.
D．To call on people to live a green life.
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．D
【导语】本文由“本周，大批游客前往美国死亡谷，希望体验地球上最热的一天”这个情况来引出全球变暖这个问题，目的是呼吁人们要过绿色的生活，保护环境。
9．细节理解题。根据“At the weekend, scientists were tracking ( 追 踪 ) high clouds in the Death Valley area that could keep temperatures below the record mark”可知，科学家们正在追踪死亡谷地区的高云，这些高云可能会使气温保持在创纪录的水平以下，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据“The climate change caused by human activities, such as the burning of carbon, oil and gas”可知，通过举例的方式描述第五段，故选A。
11．主旨大意题。根据“For us, living a green life has a long way to go.”可知，目的是为了号召人们过绿色生活，故选D。
D
①As missing children get older, they become quite different from the faces in their last-known photographs, which makes finding them really difficult. Now AI (人工智能) can make it easier to match any found children to those old photos.
②Police can use software (软件) to age photos of missing people, but it seems to work best in adults, as age-related changes of adult faces are much easier to predict and to make.
③Unlike adults, the faces of children change greatly as time goes by, and matching photos of found children to old images (画像) in a database (数据库) of missing children is difficult. “Even with a recent face image of a child, it is quite hard for a human to recognize (辨认), visually, who the child is from a large data set of child face images,” says Debayan Deb at Michigan State University.
④Now Deb and his teammates have created an algorithm (算法) to work out the problem. They created a face-recognition algorithm on data sets, which have images of nearly 1,000 children between 2 and 18 years old. And they took photos of them at least four times over a period of six years.
⑤AI learned to match recent photographs of children with images taken 2.5 years earlier. The correct matching rate can be 80 percent. With one year between the two photographs, it was 90 percent correct at recognizing faces. This dropped to 73 percent after three years. The new AI might help to improve accuracy (准确性) of this kind of software, too.
⑥Deb’s next goal (目标) is to make the age gap wider. His team also hopes to develop an app to fight against the sale of children.
12．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．School children. B．The missing children.
C．The children’s faces. D．The last-known photos.
13．Why does Deb’s team do the research according to paragraph 4
A．To make it easier to match missing children with old photos.
B．To build a database to find the missing children.
C．To help the police change and improve their software.
D．To tell the difference between adults and children.
14．What can we infer from the passage
A．Deb’s team has already made the age gap wider.
B．AI can help to improve accuracy of matching rate.
C．Deb and his team will still work hard to develop a new app.
D．It is hard to recognize a found child even with a recent image.
15．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage
A． B．
C． D．
【答案】12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了Deb和他的团队利用现代科技——人工智能来帮助我们识别长大后的失踪儿童，主要使用人工智能来匹配失踪孩子和他们的旧照片，
12．词义猜测题。根据“As missing children get older, they become quite different from the faces in their last-known photographs, which makes finding them really difficult”可知，此处指寻找失踪的孩子们，故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据“Unlike adults, the faces of children change greatly as time goes by, and matching photos of found children to old images (画像) in a database (数据库) of missing children is difficult.”及“Now Deb and his teammates have created an algorithm to work out the problem”可知，是为了解决“随着时间的推移，儿童的脸会发生很大的变化，因此很难将找到的儿童的照片与失踪儿童数据库中的旧照片进行匹配”这个问题，也就是说目的是为了让失踪儿童和旧照片更容易匹配，故选A。
14．推理判断题。根据“His team also hopes to develop an app to fight against the sale of children.”可知，他的团队还希望开发一款应用来打击贩卖儿童行为，故选C。
15．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段是介绍失踪儿童随着年龄增长，很难与旧照片匹配，而人工智能能让这个变得更容易，以此引出本文主题；第二段和第三段是介绍警察用软件匹配失踪人口所遇到的问题；第四段和第五段提出了解决问题的方法；最后一段是表达了对未来的设想，故选D。
E
It is time for New Year’s resolutions every January. Will you eat healthier, exercise more and read more books
For many of us, these wishes feel familiar (熟悉的). Around this January, we made the same resolutions. We started with strong willpower (意志力). But a few weeks later, we became lazy again. When the alarm went off in the morning, we pressed the snooze button once, twice, then three times. Our beds were so warm and comfortable that we just didn’t want to get out. Running It was out of the question.
Will we give up on our New Year’s resolutions again How can we prevent that
Jay Van Bavel and Dominic Packer are two psychology professors (心理学教授). They advise us to form “resolution groups.” Van Bavel and Packer make New Year’s resolutions every year. Like many of us, they usually fail to keep them, but they have one exception. A few years ago, they decided to write a book together. After they made the decision, they started to have weekly meetings. Every weekend, they met in coffee shops to write together and discuss their writings. They wrote their plans in a shared document (文档) and read them out loud at each meeting. “When we know our friends are expecting us to keep our resolutions, we try our best to keep them, even if it’s hard,” Packer says.
After making New Year’s resolutions, why don’t you join a group You could start a running group with friends, or a reading club with your classmates. Being part of a group will help you make real progress.
16．What does the underlined phrase “the snooze button” mean
A．播放键 B．音量键 C．稍后提醒键
17．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about
A．An example of keeping resolutions.
B．Why people need to make resolutions.
C．Different kinds of New Year’s resolutions.
18．What is the writer’s opinion on resolution groups
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Worried.
【答案】16．C 17．A 18．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要建议在制定完新年计划后加入一个小组，并成为团队的一员会帮助大家遵守计划，从而取得真正的进步。
16．词义猜测题。根据第二段“When the alarm went off in the morning, we pressed the snooze button once, twice, then three times. Our beds were so warm and comfortable that we just didn’t want to get out. Running It was out of the question.”可知，早晨闹钟响后，“我”们不想起床，就多次按压闹钟提醒健，继续躺在温暖的被窝里；据此可知划线单词“the snooze button”意为“稍后提醒键”。故选C。
17．主旨大意题。综合第四段可知，本段主要讲述了两位心理学教授坚持决心的例子。他们决定合作写一书，于是他们每周集会，一起写作，一起讨论他们的作品，尽管很难，但他们尽最大努力去遵守他们的决心。故选A。
18．观点态度题。根据最后一段“After making New Year’s resolutions, why don’t you join a group You could start a running group with friends, or a reading club with your classmates. Being part of a group will help you make real progress.”可知，在制定完新年计划后，作者建议加入一个小组，可以和朋友组成一个跑步小组，或者和同学组成一个读书俱乐部，成为团队的一员会帮助取得真正的进步；据此可推断，作者赞成加入“决心小组”来遵守决心。故选B。
F
Have you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客) or live videos Ask some people and most of them will say yes. “Pay-for-knowledge” has been more and more fashionable these years. The contents of these “pay-for-knowledge” products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment. “Pay-for-knowledge” is on the rise (兴起).
Why is “pay-for-knowledge” industry developing so rapidly First, its development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smartphone, anyone who has passed the identity (身份) check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account can buy “pay-for-knowledge” products that he or she wants at an affordable price. Second, people are afraid to miss any information. On one hand, people hope for more useful information. On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of experts (专家) who serve well-known companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today’s job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts.
The industry of “pay-for-knowledge” has proved to be lucrative. It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides, buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What’s more, this is a reflection (反映) of respect for knowledge and talents.
However, the rapid development of “pay-for-knowledge” has a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as “How to be an Industry’s Expert in 5 Hours” and “15 Classes to Be a Master of Appreciating (欣赏) Classical Music”, which sound like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a large number of customers buy them just for showing off. In fact, those who have really had self-growth after buying online courses may be the kind of people who need them least. In other words, with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves.
In general, the best is the one that suits you most. “Pay-for-knowledge” may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful! Otherwise, your dream of success may not come true.
19．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can help all the people succeed.
B．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can offer people different kinds of courses.
C．People who can teach themselves need “pay-for-knowledge” products most.
D．People must learn from experts who serve famous companies and universities.
20．The underlined phrase “be lucrative” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.
A．produce lots of money B．get much information
C．win great respect D．enjoy self-growth
21．The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．recommend the “pay-for-knowledge” products to people
B．advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves online
C．remind people to choose “pay-for-knowledge” products wisely
D．teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children
【答案】19．B 20．A 21．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为知识付费行业的迅速发展，它有很多优势条件，但同时也伴随着不利条件，因此作者提醒人们要明智的选择为知识付费的产品。
19．细节理解题。根据“The contents of these ‘pay-for-knowledge’ products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment.”可知，知识付费的产品能给人们提供各种各样的课程。故选B。
20．词义猜测题。根据“It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money.”可知，为知识付费的产业预示了信息转为金钱的能力，因此可推知be lucrative是指“创造财富，带来金钱”。故选A。
21．主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了为知识付费行业的迅速发展，它有很多优势条件，但同时也伴随着不利条件，因此作者提醒人们要明智的选择为知识付费的产品。故选C。
G
Marconi, an Italian inventor, who gave us the radio, probably didn’t know how much his great invention would have done for the world in the years to come. Radio has perhaps done as much as any other communication tool. Things of the world can be reported to people everywhere a few seconds after they happened. Travelers in out-of-the-way places, ships at sea, and even astronauts round the earth are able to keep in touch with each other by radio.
Television is another important invention. It lets us see as well as hear the actor. Since it was invented, TV has done a great deal in the life of people everywhere. Many programs are now televised on TV.
Perhaps the most modern invention is “Telstar”, a “star” moving round the earth. It makes it possible for the people all over the world to be closer than ever before. Now on TV a family in Chicago can watch a car race in Italy, a table tennis competition in Beijing or a volleyball match in Japan as these events are actually happening!
22．How many inventions does the writer mention in the article
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
23．What does the underlined word “out-of-the-way” mean in Chinese
A．不合适的 B．偏僻的 C．尽力的 D．繁华的
24．What does the writer tell us when he introduces Marconi in the first paragraph
A．He is just an Italian inventor.
B．He invented many useful tools.
C．His invention has done much for the world.
D．He helped people exercise a lot around the world.
25．What is “Telstar” used to do according to the passage
A．To show programs like a TV.
B．To help people go to the moon.
C．To give light to the earth at night.
D．To help send radio or TV information to the world.
【答案】22．C 23．B 24．C 25．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了无线电广播，电视和通信卫星这三种发明。
22．细节理解题。根据“Marconi, an Italian inventor, who gave us the radio”“Television is another important invention”以及“Perhaps the most modern invention is ‘Telstar’”可知，提到了三种发明，故选C。
23．词义猜测题。根据“Travelers in out-of-the-way places, ships at sea, and even astronauts round the earth are able to keep in touch with each other by radio.”可知，在偏僻地方的旅行者能通过无线电保持联系，所以划线部分表示“偏僻的”，故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据“Marconi, an Italian inventor, who gave us the radio, probably didn’t know how much his great invention would have done for the world in the years to come.”可知，给我们发明收音机的意大利发明家马可尼可能不知道他的伟大发明会在后来的岁月里对世界产生多大的影响，作者介绍他是为了说明他的发明为这个世界做出了很多的贡献，故选C。
25．推理判断题。根据“Now on TV a family in Chicago can watch a car race in Italy, a table tennis competition in Beijing or a volleyball match in Japan as these events are actually happening!”可知，现在，芝加哥的一个家庭可以在电视上看到意大利的赛车比赛，北京的乒乓球比赛或日本的排球比赛，由此可知通信卫星是用来帮助传送广播和电视信息的，故选D。
H
Computers are widely used in the world. As students, we can not only use them to relax, but also study online. Do you have any online classes It is possible to take classes at home. All you need is a computer and an earphone. However, most students don’t seem to like online classes. Recently, over 2,000 students from 10 cities took part in a survey. According to the survey, only about 35 percent of the students like taking such classes.
Many students said it was hard to give enough attention to study while taking online classes. This was true for Li Jing, 15, at No.1 High School. “There are no classmates and no real teachers watching me. I can use the Internet to play games or do other things if I want to. It’s harder to always pay attention to study,” she said.
Li Jing prepares a lot before taking her classes to make sure she will keep her attention. She also tries to have herself communicate with teachers. Students can come up with or answer questions while taking online classes. Tian Lishan, 14, at No.3 High School, thinks online interaction (互动) isn’t enough. “The online teachers don’t really get to know me. When I don’t hand in homework, all I get is a short message instead of real concern,” she said.
However, online classes still have advantages (优点). “It saves time and money compared with taking offline classes. Also, if I don’t understand some parts of a lesson, I can watch it over again,” Li Jing said.
26．In the survey, ________ students like taking online classes.
A．about 500 B．about 700 C．about 600 D．about 2,000
27．Taking online classes has the following advantages ________.
①save time②hard to focus③enough interaction
④save money⑤watch lessons over again
A．①②④ B．②③⑤ C．①④⑤ D．①③④
28．What can we learn about according to the passage
A．Li Jing thinks it is easy to always stay focused.
B．Li Jing thinks that online interaction isn’t enough.
C．Tian Lishan is a student from a high school in Beijing.
D．Li Jing pushes herself communicate with teachers in online classes.
29．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．A survey.
B．Online classes.
C．Advantages of online classes.
D．Disadvantages of online classes.
【答案】26．B 27．C 28．D 29．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了网课的优缺点。
26．细节理解题。根据“Recently, over 2,000 students from 10 cities took part in a survey. According to the survey, only about 35 percent of the students like taking such classes.”可知，喜欢上网课的学生有700人(2000×35%)。故选B。
27．细节理解题。根据“However, online classes still have advantages (优点). “It saves time and money compared with taking offline classes. Also, if I don’t understand some parts of a lesson, I can watch it over again,” Li Jing said.”可知，网课节省了时间和金钱，而且可以反复观看。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据“She also tries to have herself communicate with teachers.”可知，李静强迫自己在网课上与老师交流。故选D。
29．最佳标题题。根据“Many students said it was hard to give enough attention to study while taking online classes.”可知，本文主要介绍了网课的优缺点，所以本文的最佳标题是“网课”。故选B。
I
A Dry Ice Experiment
Did you know that carbon dioxide sent out by dry ice can actually put out flames Encourage your kids to try this simple experiment. It’s suitable for young kids in first and higher grades, so long as there is plenty of adult direction. The experiment takes no longer than five to ten minutes.
Materials
*Three candles
*A lighter
*A glass or bowl
*One-half cup of water
*A block of dry ice (the size does not matter)
*Dry ice gloves
Instructions
1. Light the candles with a lighter and fix them in a glass or bowl.
2. Put on your gloves.
3. Pour one-half cup of water into the glass or bowl.
4. Place a piece of dry ice into the glass or bowl with water, and watch the dry ice vapor (蒸气) begin to rise.
What’s Happening
When you add dry ice to water, it produces carbon dioxide, the gaseous form of dry ice. Since flames need oxygen to burn, the flames go out once the oxygen is taken over by carbon dioxide.
Safe Handling Instructions
Because dry ice is so cold, it isn’t safe to touch it to your skin or put it in your mouth. Always use insulated (隔热的) gloves when handling dry ice to avoid ice bite and other injuries to your skin. If you put dry ice into a bottle, avoid capping the bottle as the pressure from dry ice can push the cover off forcefully.
30．What makes the candles die out in the experiment
A．Cold water. B．Increasing oxygen.
C．Freezing surroundings. D．Increasing carbon dioxide.
31．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “capping” in the last paragraph
A．covering B．opening C．shaking D．breaking
32．Where does the text most probably come from
A．A news report.. B．A science magazine. C．A student's diary. D．An advertisement.
【答案】30．D 31．A 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了适合小孩做的干冰实验的步骤与安全事宜。
30．细节理解题。根据“What’s Happening”中“Since flames need oxygen to burn, the flames go out once the oxygen is taken over by carbon dioxide.”可知，将干冰放进水里后，它会变成二氧化碳，其会占据杯子或碗的空间，这样蜡烛燃烧需要的氧气就减少了，蜡烛就熄灭了。故选D。
31．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“...as the pressure from dry ice can push the cover off forcefully.”可知，如果将干冰放入瓶子中，请避免将瓶子盖住，因为干冰的压力会强行推开盖子。故选A。
32．推理判断题。A news report一篇新闻报道；A science magazine一篇科学杂志；A student's diary学生日记；An advertisement一则广告。本文主要介绍了适合小孩做的干冰实验的步骤与安全事宜，属于科学实验范围。故选B。
J
Professional writing isn’t easy. As a blogger, journalist or reporter, you have to meet several challenges. You have to keep up with the latest developments and at the same time write timely, interesting and unique content. The same goes for scientists, researchers and analysts and other professionals. With floods of information being published on the web every day, things aren’t getting easier.
Fortunately, Artificial Intelligence has a few ways to help with professional writing, among which is smart proofreading.
Software sellers have always tried to help writers by adding proofreading features to their tools. But those efforts can slightly anger someone with more-than-average writing skills. However, that is changing as AI is getting better at understanding the context and purpose of the written text. One example is Microsoft Word’s New Editor Feature, a tool that uses AI to provide more than simple proofreading. Editor can understand slight differences in your article much better than other tools do. It flags not only grammatical errors and style mistakes, but also the use of unnecessarily complex words and overused terms. For instance, it knows when you’re using the word “really” to emphasize a point or to raise a question.
It also gives reasons for its decisions and provides smart suggestions when it considers something as incorrect. For example, if it marks a sentence as passive, it will provide a reworded version in active voice.
Editor has been well received by professional writers, though it’s still far from perfect. However, AI-powered writing assistance is fast becoming a competitive market. Grammarly, a grammar checker, uses AI to help with all writing tasks on the web. Atomic Reach is another player, which uses machine learning to provide feedback on the readability of written content.
33．Why is smart proofreading developed
A．To help find target information.
B．To help improve users’ writing.
C．To inform writers of the latest news.
D．To overcome the challenges AI meets.
34．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Dissatisfaction caused by proofreading. B．The writers’ efforts in collecting information.
C．One’s writing level. D．The sellers’ hard work.
35．What is the characteristic of Microsoft Word’s New Editor Feature
A．It is a perfect proofreading tool.
B．It removes unnecessary expressions.
C．It offers information and asks questions.
D．It marks mistakes and gives suggestions.
36．How does the writer develop the last paragraph
A．By doing researches. B．By making comparison.
C．By listing examples. D．By explaining cause and effect.
【答案】33．B 34．A 35．D 36．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了人工智能有一些方法可以帮助专业写作，其中之一就是智能校对，并且讲述了人工智能是如何影响专业写作的，举出了具体的例子。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“Fortunately, Artificial Intelligence has a few ways to help with professional writing, among which is smart proofreading.”可知，智能校对可以帮助专业写作。故选B。
34．代词指代题。根据第三段“Software sellers have always tried to help writers by adding proofreading features to their tools. But those efforts can slightly anger someone with more-than-average writing skills.”可知，软件销售商一直试图通过在他们的工具中添加校对功能来帮助作家，但这些努力可能会稍微激怒写作技巧高于平均水平的人。所以“that”指的是“校对引起的不满意”这种情况。故选A。
35．细节理解题。根据第四段“It also gives reasons for its decisions and provides smart suggestions when it considers something as incorrect.”可知，新编辑器认为某些事情不正确时会提供建议。故选D。
36．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Editor has been well received by professional writers... Grammarly, a grammar checker... Atomic Reach is another player...”可知，作者是通过举例子来展开的最后一段。故选C。
K
Don’t throw away your old phones. You are actually throwing away real gold! Smartphones contain many useful things such as gold, silver and copper (铜). People can recycle them to make new electronics (电子器件). But many people may not know this. In Australia alone there are more than 25 million unused mobile phones lying around, Sydney Morning Herald reported. The gold in these phones can add up to a value of more than $ 80 million (542 million yuan). There are about 2 billion smartphone users around the world, who change their phones once every 11 months on average. In China, people generate (产生) 80 million old phones every year, according to New Express Daily.
However, it’s not easy to get the useful things out of the phones. Smartphones have not only useful things, but also harmful materials. Guiyu, a small town in Shantou, Guangdong, is one of the world’s biggest camping grounds (垃圾倾倒场) for electronic waste, Reuters reported. Many recycling centers in Guiyu simply break the old electronics by hand and don’t think about the pollution it causes. According to a local government report, 81 percent of children in Guiyu are harmed by lead(铅) poisoning.
Veena Sahajwalla, a professor at Australia’s University of New South Wales, has made a mini factory. It makes smartphone recycling cleaner and easier. The mini factory is very small and easy to move around. It breaks the phones and automatically (自动地) removes the useful parts. In that way, humans do not get poisoned.
37．What can people do with old phones
A．Put them away. B．Make gold rings.
C．Make new electronics. D．Clean the city’s roads.
38．Which of the following is TRUE
A．People generate 25 million old phones in China every year.
B．On average, smartphone users change their phones every 8 months.
C．It’s easy to get the useful things out of the phones.
D．The kids in Guiyu get lead poisoning because Guiyu is polluted by electronic waste.
39．The writer writes this article mainly to ________.
A．discuss how to make new electronics from old phones
B．ask people to protect the environment
C．encourage people to make good use of the old phones
D．introduce smartphones in different countries
【答案】37．C 38．D 39．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了旧手机的回收利用价值。
37．细节理解题。根据“You are actually throwing away real gold! Smartphones contain many useful things such as gold, silver and copper (铜). People can recycle them to make new electronics (电子器件).”可知，人们可以用旧手机制造新的电子产品。故选C。
38．推理判断题。根据“Many recycling centers in Guiyu simply break the old electronics by hand and don’t think about the pollution it causes.”可知，贵屿的孩子们铅中毒是因为贵屿被电子垃圾污染了。故选D。
39．主旨大意题。根据“You are actually throwing away real gold! Smartphones contain many useful things such as gold, silver and copper (铜).”可知，短文主要介绍智能手机包含许多有用的金属，人们可以回收它们来制造新的电子产品。此外，智能手机还含有有害的物质，对人的身体和环境会带来危害。因此，很多人正努力回收利用旧手机。故作者写这篇文章主要是为了鼓励人们好好利用旧手机。故选C。
L
A new kind of sea sponge (海绵) found in Norfolk, England, has been named by a nine-year-old girl after a competition for local schools.
The unique purple sponge, which had never been seen in other parts of the world, was first discovered by divers off the north Norfolk coast. Although found in 2011, it had been without a name for almost ten years. In January this year, the Marine Conservation Society(MCS)—a group of people who work to protect the UK’s seas and coasts—asked local schoolchildren to come up with suggestions.
Now the sponge has a name to be proud of: parpal dumplin, as suggested by nine-year-old Sylvie from Langham Village School. Sylvie said she came up with the name because “the sponge is purple and it looks like a dumpling”. Parpal dumplin is “purple dumpling” spoken in a Norfolk accent (口音). The judges all agreed that Sylvie’s suggestion should be the sponge’s name because “the spelling gives the sponge a strong connection to Norfolk”.
Sponges were once thought to be plants but they are actually simple sea animals. They feed on tiny things in sea water and help keep the water clean in the process (过程). Sponges have a very “lazy” lifestyle, with no means of moving themselves around. They are found on the seabed, rocks or even shells. They come in all kinds of different colors, shapes and sizes.
Parpal dumplin was first discovered in a place called the Cromer Shoal Chalk Beds as part of a project called Seasearch. When diver Dawn Watson showed sponge expert Clarie Goodwin what she found, Goodwin was sure that it was a kind of sponge unknown to science. Watson’s discovery is a special sponge, which takes the shape of whatever it covers. Parpal dumplin will now become its common name, and will be used until researchers have learned enough about it to suggest an official scientific one.
40．What does the underlined word “unique” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Strange and ugly. B．Special and unusual.
C．Soft and beautiful. D．Meaningful and important.
41．What can we learn about sponges from Paragraph 4
A．They help clean up sea water. B．They are of the same size.
C．They can only be found on beaches. D．They are actually sea plants.
42．Which is TRUE about parpal dumplin
A．It has many colors. B．It was found 20 years ago.
C．It was scientifically known before. D．It has only one shape.
43．What do we know from the last sentence
A．Parpal dumplin is a common sponge.
B．Parpal dumplin is the sponge’s official name.
C．There’s still a lot to be learned about parpal dumplin.
D．Researchers suggested an official name for the sponge.
【答案】40．B 41．A 42．A 43．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了一种新型海绵的命名过程以及介绍了海绵究竟是什么。
40．词义猜测题。根据“The unique purple sponge, which had never been seen in other parts of the world”可知，在世界其他地方从未见过的，可见它很特别，所以unique与“special and unusual”同义，故选B。
41．细节理解题。根据“They feed on tiny things in sea water and help keep the water clean in the process”可知海绵以海水中的微小生物为食，在这个过程里可以帮助保持海水清洁，故选A。
42．细节理解题。根据“They come in all kinds of different colors,”可知它有很多颜色。故选A。
43．推理判断题。根据“Parpal dumplin will now become its common name, and will be used until researchers have learned enough about it to suggest an official scientific one”可知，Parpal dumplin现在将成为它的通用名称，并将被使用，直到研究人员对它有足够的了解，从而提出一个官方的科学名称，所以关于它研究人员还有许多东西要去了解，故选C。
M
In recent years, it has become popular for women to wear a traditional qipao dress. Especially during the “gaokao”, many mothers wear qipaos to wish their children good luck in the exam. The reason is that “qipao” stands for the Chinese meaning “qi kai de sheng”, which means “victory”.
The qipao has a high collar (衣领), with pankous, traditional Chinese knotted buttons, on the front. Some people believe the qipao originated (起源) from gowns (长袍) in the Qing Dynasty. Influenced by western culture, it changed continually during the early 20th century, becoming more fitted and body-hugging.
After years of development, the qipao is now mainly divided into Beijing styles, Shanghai styles and Hong Kong styles. ▲
The Beijing style qipao is more traditional than Shanghai-style and Hong Kong-style qipaos. The colors of Beijing-style qipaos are much brighter. High-quality Beijing-style qipaos are usually made by hand, so the price is much higher.
Compared with Beijing-style qipaos. Shanghai-style ones are more fashionable. More western elements (元素) are used in the designs and colors. Shanghai-style qipaos became the most popular style because of the fashionable design and slim shape. Now, Shanghai-style qipaos are still the first choice for most women, especially among younger ones.
Hong Kong-style qipaos have been influenced greatly by European fashions. They have shorter sleeves (袖子) than the other two. The decorations are simpler, too.
The qipao is a very classic product to stand for the beauty of traditional Chinese clothing. It shows not only the history of the Han people, but also the footprints of other cultures on the land.
44．Many mothers wear qipaos during the exam to ______.
A．develop traditional culture
B．make their children relaxed
C．celebrate their children's victory
D．express good wishes to their children
45．In Para. 2, all the followings are mentioned EXCEPT ______.
A．who buys the qipao B．what the qipao looks like
C．how the qipao changed D．what the qipao originated from
46．Which sentence can be put in the missing pat “ ▲” in Para. 3
A．They are also different in price.
B．They influence each other in development.
C．Different styles have their own buying groups.
D．There are many differences in color and design.
47．The writer wrote the passage to ______.
A．introduce different kinds of qipaos in China
B．show us that the qipao is popular all over the world
C．teach us how to make beautiful qupaos by ourselves
D．tell us the history, development, style and culture of the qipao
【答案】44．D 45．A 46．D 47．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了旗袍的起源和发展以及不同风格的旗袍。
44．细节理解题。根据“Especially during the ‘gaokao’, many mothers wear qipaos to wish their children good luck in the exam.”可知许多妈妈在考试期间穿旗袍是为了向她们的孩子表达良好的祝愿。故选D。
45．推理判断题。根据“The qipao has a high collar (衣领), with pankous, traditional Chinese knotted buttons, on the front.”可知，介绍了旗袍的样式；根据“Some people believe the qipao originated (起源) from gowns (长袍) in the Qing Dynasty.”可知，介绍了旗袍的起源；根据“Influenced by western culture, it changed continually during the early 20th century, becoming more fitted and body-hugging.”可知，介绍了旗袍的变化，没有提到“谁买旗袍”，故选A。
46．推理判断题。根据“The Beijing style qipao is more traditional than Shanghai-style and Hong Kong-style qipaos. The colors of Beijing-style qipaos are much brighter. High-quality Beijing-style qipaos are usually made by hand, so the price is much higher.”可知，介绍了不同风格的旗袍颜色、设计价格都不一样，可推断出空处应填：在颜色和设计上有很多不同。故选D。
47．主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可推断出，作者写了这篇文章来告诉我们旗袍的历史、发展、风格和文化。故选D。
N
A heat wave roasted* hundreds of thousands of people across the Pacific Northwest, taking away hundreds of lives. Climate change has made heat waves like this one more frequent and stronger than those from any other point in recorded history.
The following is what happens if you’re one of the next people whom heat wave kills, according to W. Lawrence Kenney, an expert from Penn State University. First, your brain sends messages to encourage sweat* production. Then your heart starts beating faster to pump* blood to the skin, and at the same time, blood flow is also directed away from your organs like liver, kidneys, and gut. That’s your body trying to make your skin hotter than the air outside and move heat away from you.
If heat stroke* happens, your body might get too hot and send much blood to the skin, as a result, it fails* those important organs in your body. You might require an emergency transplant to survive the organ failure. If your body fails to cool you down, its internal* temperature might start to climb from a normal level of about 98 degrees Fahrenheit to somewhere closer to 104 degrees. At that temperature, the brain becomes affected and you may feel it start as a headache. Before long, you might not know where you are or what time it is. If you are not treated in time, what follows is a series of organ failure that leads to all but certain death. And that’s just part of what we know about how heat wave kills you.
“It’s important for people to understand that there’s still a lot we don’t know about heat stroke and who’s most likely to be harmed,” Kenney said, “That’s because we can’t study it in humans in the laboratory. A lot of what we know comes from studies on animal models, like mice and rats, or from examinations of people who have died of heat stroke.”
roast v. 烤；sweat n. 汗液；pump v. （心脏）泵送血液；heat stroke 中暑；fail v. 使……衰竭；internal adj. 体内的
48．Which of the following will happen if a heat wave attacks a person
A．The skin will produce less sweat.
B．The heart beats will slow down.
C．There will be more blood in the skin.
D．The organs will be more active.
49．What can we do first if heat stroke happens
A．Prevent organs from failing. B．Try to cool down the body.
C．Try to treat the headache. D．Stop sweat from producing.
50．What can we learn from Kenny in the last paragraph
A．There hasn’t been enough study so far.
B．We should keep studying human deaths.
C．We have already studied on humans.
D．The studies on animal models are useless.
51．Which of the following can be the best title
A．How heat strokes are developed
B．How we can keep organs work well
C．How we can slow down global warming
D．How heat waves destroy the human body
【答案】48．C 49．B 50．A 51．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了随着气候的变化，热死亡现象越来越频繁，而专家也解释了热射病是如何摧毁人类的身体并夺走人类生命的。
48．细节理解题。根据“First, your brain sends messages to encourage sweat* production. Then your heart starts beating faster to pump* blood to the skin, and at the same time, blood flow is also directed away from your organs like liver, kidneys, and gut. That’s your body trying to make your skin hotter than the air outside and move heat away from you.”可知，如果热浪袭击一个人，皮肤里会有更多的血。故选C。
49．推理判断题。根据第二段“First, your brain sends messages to encourage sweat* production. Then your heart starts beating faster to pump* blood to the skin, and at the same time, blood flow is also directed away from your organs like liver, kidneys, and gut. That’s your body trying to make your skin hotter than the air outside and move heat away from you.”可知，如果中暑了，我们会试着让身体降温。故选B。
50．细节理解题。根据最后一段“It’s important for people to understand that there’s still a lot we don’t know about heat stroke and who’s most likely to be harmed”可知，关于热死亡目前还没有足够的研究。故选A。
51．最佳标题题。结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了随着气候的变化，热死亡现象越来越频繁，而专家也解释了热射病是如何摧毁人类的身体并夺走人类生命的。因此D选项“热射病是如何破坏人类身体的”是最佳标题。故选D。2024年中考英语二轮复习专题： 阅读理解之说明文（广东广州专用）
A
China sent a new X-ray astronomical satellite in space, Einstein Probe, on Jan. 9, 2024.
According to Yuan Weimin, a researcher of the satellite project, the satellite is expected to find the first light from supernova explosions (超新星爆炸) in the universe, monitor high-energy transient (瞬态) objects in the universe, which are now poorly understood by scientists.
When developing the satellite, a new generation of detection equipment (探测设备) with large fields of view and high sensitivity (灵敏度) was needed. But the important question was how to make such equipment.
Lobsters (龙虾) are a kind of sea animal which can be found around the world. Scientists discovered early on that lobsters’ eyes are different from other animals’. Lobsters’ eyes are made up of lots of tiny square tubes, pointing to the same center, which allows light from all directions to reflect in the tubes and meet on the retina (视网膜), which gives lobsters a large field of view. Scientists then simulated (模仿) the lobsters’ eyes to create a telescope to catch X-rays in space.
Through working together with other organizations, the X-ray Imaging Laboratory began the research and development work on lobster-eye X-ray imaging technology in 2010 and finally made a breakthrough.
“Thanks to the lobster-eye telescope technology, the Einstein Probe is able to monitor the poorly known soft X-ray band with a large field of view and high sensitivity,” Yuan said.
1．What is Einstein Probe
A．A newly-found planet. B．A newly-built space station.
C．A new X-ray astronomical satellite. D．A new telescope technology.
2．Why was Einstein Probe sent in space
A．To enlarge the field of view. B．To catch the supernova explosion.
C．To monitor the sensitivity of objects. D．To improve the detection equipment.
3．How did scientists create the telescope technology
A．By simulating the lobsters’ eyes. B．By observing lobsters’ movement.
C．By doing experiments on sea animals. D．By comparing lobsters with other sea animals.
4．What can we infer from the passage
A．The new detection equipment looked like a lobster.
B．Scientists knew nothing about supernova explosion.
C．China is the first country to send Einstein Probe into space.
D．The lobster-eye telescope technology leads to Einstein Probe’s success.
B
Money can’t buy you happiness Well, what if it could Not by making it or spending it, but by giving it away.
In an experiment (实验) in Switzerland, researchers gave each of the 50 volunteers 20 every week for four weeks. Half of the volunteers were asked to spend the money on themselves and make a note of how they spent the money. But researchers asked the other half to spend the money on another person.
After that, all 50 volunteers did the same task in a laboratory. They were asked to think of a person who they would like to give money to. Then they had to decide how much money, from 3 to 20, they wanted to give away. While the volunteers thought about this, researchers studied their brain activity using an MRI machine.
The results showed two things. First, the 25 volunteers who gave away their money during the four weeks were more generous (慷慨的) and chose to give away more money in the laboratory task. Second, those same people were much happier than the people who once spent the money on themselves.
In the experiment, the volunteers were asked to give money away. But would you like to do this in your daily life Can you really make yourself happy by giving The answer is yes, but remember to start small. You can start by giving 1 to a homeless person. Gradually, you can try to change your habits so you save money to give away. For example, stop buying lunch every day and take a packed lunch to work or school. You can then save some money and give it to people in need.
Learning to give away money is all about changing the way you behave. It’s about living with less and being more generous. And this will make you happy.
5．The writer starts the passage by ______.
A．telling a story B．asking questions C．describing a scene D．giving examples
6．What did the researchers ask the volunteers to decide in the laboratory
A．Who needed their money most. B．How they wanted to spend their money.
C．Whether they wanted to join the experiment. D．How much money they would like to give away.
7．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 5 refer to
A．Being volunteers. B．Giving away money.
C．Changing your habits. D．Making yourself happy.
8．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．“Buy” happiness B．“Sell” happiness
C．How to save money D．How to be a generous person
C
A large number of tourists were going to Death Valley in the United States this week, hoping to experience the hottest day on the Earth. Death Valley is a national park in the state of California and is known for being the hottest and driest place on our planet. The desert already holds the record for the hottest day in history—56. 6 degrees Celsius (摄氏度) in July 1913. That’s super hot!
Some scientists now doubt whether the record is correct. It is one of many records from the early 1900s that have been questioned by the World Metcorological Organization (世界气象组织), which is considered as the keeper of world record temperatures.
Randy Cevermny, who works there says temperatures at or above 54. 44 degrees Celsius have only been recorded a few times, mostly in Death Valley where signs warn visitors not to walk after 10:00 a. m. At the weekend, scientists were tracking ( 追 踪 ) high clouds in the Death Valley area that could keep temperatures below the record mark. “The all-time record seems quite safe today(Sunday), ”said Matt Woods from the National Weather Service.
The desert heat comes at a time when the hot weather in the northern hemisphere (北半球) has put about one third of Americans under heat warnings, as well as terrible temperatures across European countries including Italy, Spain and Greece.
June in 2023 was the hottest June on record, according to some weather organizations. The climate change caused by human activities, such as the burning of carbon, oil and gas, will make the world hotter over the next 10 years. For us, living a green life has a long way to go.
9．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．National Weather Service is the keeper of world record temperatures.
B．The hottest day in history is in August.
C．High clouds can keep temperatures below the record mark.
D．About two thirds Americans have received heat warnings.
10．The writer develops Paragraph 5 by ________.
A．giving examples B．listing numbers
C．asking questions D．telling stories
11．What’s the writer’s purpose in writing the last paragraph
A．To introduce some weather organizations.
B．To teach people how to protect the environment.
C．To show the influence of hot weather.
D．To call on people to live a green life.
D
①As missing children get older, they become quite different from the faces in their last-known photographs, which makes finding them really difficult. Now AI (人工智能) can make it easier to match any found children to those old photos.
②Police can use software (软件) to age photos of missing people, but it seems to work best in adults, as age-related changes of adult faces are much easier to predict and to make.
③Unlike adults, the faces of children change greatly as time goes by, and matching photos of found children to old images (画像) in a database (数据库) of missing children is difficult. “Even with a recent face image of a child, it is quite hard for a human to recognize (辨认), visually, who the child is from a large data set of child face images,” says Debayan Deb at Michigan State University.
④Now Deb and his teammates have created an algorithm (算法) to work out the problem. They created a face-recognition algorithm on data sets, which have images of nearly 1,000 children between 2 and 18 years old. And they took photos of them at least four times over a period of six years.
⑤AI learned to match recent photographs of children with images taken 2.5 years earlier. The correct matching rate can be 80 percent. With one year between the two photographs, it was 90 percent correct at recognizing faces. This dropped to 73 percent after three years. The new AI might help to improve accuracy (准确性) of this kind of software, too.
⑥Deb’s next goal (目标) is to make the age gap wider. His team also hopes to develop an app to fight against the sale of children.
12．What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 1 refer to
A．School children. B．The missing children.
C．The children’s faces. D．The last-known photos.
13．Why does Deb’s team do the research according to paragraph 4
A．To make it easier to match missing children with old photos.
B．To build a database to find the missing children.
C．To help the police change and improve their software.
D．To tell the difference between adults and children.
14．What can we infer from the passage
A．Deb’s team has already made the age gap wider.
B．AI can help to improve accuracy of matching rate.
C．Deb and his team will still work hard to develop a new app.
D．It is hard to recognize a found child even with a recent image.
15．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage
A． B．
C． D．
E
It is time for New Year’s resolutions every January. Will you eat healthier, exercise more and read more books
For many of us, these wishes feel familiar (熟悉的). Around this January, we made the same resolutions. We started with strong willpower (意志力). But a few weeks later, we became lazy again. When the alarm went off in the morning, we pressed the snooze button once, twice, then three times. Our beds were so warm and comfortable that we just didn’t want to get out. Running It was out of the question.
Will we give up on our New Year’s resolutions again How can we prevent that
Jay Van Bavel and Dominic Packer are two psychology professors (心理学教授). They advise us to form “resolution groups.” Van Bavel and Packer make New Year’s resolutions every year. Like many of us, they usually fail to keep them, but they have one exception. A few years ago, they decided to write a book together. After they made the decision, they started to have weekly meetings. Every weekend, they met in coffee shops to write together and discuss their writings. They wrote their plans in a shared document (文档) and read them out loud at each meeting. “When we know our friends are expecting us to keep our resolutions, we try our best to keep them, even if it’s hard,” Packer says.
After making New Year’s resolutions, why don’t you join a group You could start a running group with friends, or a reading club with your classmates. Being part of a group will help you make real progress.
16．What does the underlined phrase “the snooze button” mean
A．播放键 B．音量键 C．稍后提醒键
17．What does the fourth paragraph mainly talk about
A．An example of keeping resolutions.
B．Why people need to make resolutions.
C．Different kinds of New Year’s resolutions.
18．What is the writer’s opinion on resolution groups
A．Doubtful. B．Supportive. C．Worried.
F
Have you ever paid for educational podcasts (播客) or live videos Ask some people and most of them will say yes. “Pay-for-knowledge” has been more and more fashionable these years. The contents of these “pay-for-knowledge” products are from language learning to gardening or baby-caring. Everything you think of can be found online at this moment. “Pay-for-knowledge” is on the rise (兴起).
Why is “pay-for-knowledge” industry developing so rapidly First, its development is based on the Internet. With a fast network and a smartphone, anyone who has passed the identity (身份) check can be an online teacher, and anyone with an online account can buy “pay-for-knowledge” products that he or she wants at an affordable price. Second, people are afraid to miss any information. On one hand, people hope for more useful information. On the other hand, such information is usually at the hands of experts (专家) who serve well-known companies and universities. Moreover, the need to learn new skills in today’s job market also pushes people to learn on such educational podcasts.
The industry of “pay-for-knowledge” has proved to be lucrative. It promises possibilities of turning information into money. It is good for the development of our country and it can help sellers make lots of money. Besides, buyers can enjoy self-growth from it. What’s more, this is a reflection (反映) of respect for knowledge and talents.
However, the rapid development of “pay-for-knowledge” has a few problems. For one thing, the market is full of eye-catching words such as “How to be an Industry’s Expert in 5 Hours” and “15 Classes to Be a Master of Appreciating (欣赏) Classical Music”, which sound like if you pay for it, you are sure to succeed. For another, a large number of customers buy them just for showing off. In fact, those who have really had self-growth after buying online courses may be the kind of people who need them least. In other words, with or without these courses, they can make it anyway, because they are those who have the ability to learn by themselves.
In general, the best is the one that suits you most. “Pay-for-knowledge” may be used as a good start for self-growth. Be careful! Otherwise, your dream of success may not come true.
19．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can help all the people succeed.
B．“Pay-for-knowledge” products can offer people different kinds of courses.
C．People who can teach themselves need “pay-for-knowledge” products most.
D．People must learn from experts who serve famous companies and universities.
20．The underlined phrase “be lucrative” in Paragraph 3 means “________”.
A．produce lots of money B．get much information
C．win great respect D．enjoy self-growth
21．The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A．recommend the “pay-for-knowledge” products to people
B．advise everyone to learn knowledge by themselves online
C．remind people to choose “pay-for-knowledge” products wisely
D．teach parents how to buy some online courses for their children
G
Marconi, an Italian inventor, who gave us the radio, probably didn’t know how much his great invention would have done for the world in the years to come. Radio has perhaps done as much as any other communication tool. Things of the world can be reported to people everywhere a few seconds after they happened. Travelers in out-of-the-way places, ships at sea, and even astronauts round the earth are able to keep in touch with each other by radio.
Television is another important invention. It lets us see as well as hear the actor. Since it was invented, TV has done a great deal in the life of people everywhere. Many programs are now televised on TV.
Perhaps the most modern invention is “Telstar”, a “star” moving round the earth. It makes it possible for the people all over the world to be closer than ever before. Now on TV a family in Chicago can watch a car race in Italy, a table tennis competition in Beijing or a volleyball match in Japan as these events are actually happening!
22．How many inventions does the writer mention in the article
A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.
23．What does the underlined word “out-of-the-way” mean in Chinese
A．不合适的 B．偏僻的 C．尽力的 D．繁华的
24．What does the writer tell us when he introduces Marconi in the first paragraph
A．He is just an Italian inventor.
B．He invented many useful tools.
C．His invention has done much for the world.
D．He helped people exercise a lot around the world.
25．What is “Telstar” used to do according to the passage
A．To show programs like a TV.
B．To help people go to the moon.
C．To give light to the earth at night.
D．To help send radio or TV information to the world.
H
Computers are widely used in the world. As students, we can not only use them to relax, but also study online. Do you have any online classes It is possible to take classes at home. All you need is a computer and an earphone. However, most students don’t seem to like online classes. Recently, over 2,000 students from 10 cities took part in a survey. According to the survey, only about 35 percent of the students like taking such classes.
Many students said it was hard to give enough attention to study while taking online classes. This was true for Li Jing, 15, at No.1 High School. “There are no classmates and no real teachers watching me. I can use the Internet to play games or do other things if I want to. It’s harder to always pay attention to study,” she said.
Li Jing prepares a lot before taking her classes to make sure she will keep her attention. She also tries to have herself communicate with teachers. Students can come up with or answer questions while taking online classes. Tian Lishan, 14, at No.3 High School, thinks online interaction (互动) isn’t enough. “The online teachers don’t really get to know me. When I don’t hand in homework, all I get is a short message instead of real concern,” she said.
However, online classes still have advantages (优点). “It saves time and money compared with taking offline classes. Also, if I don’t understand some parts of a lesson, I can watch it over again,” Li Jing said.
26．In the survey, ________ students like taking online classes.
A．about 500 B．about 700 C．about 600 D．about 2,000
27．Taking online classes has the following advantages ________.
①save time②hard to focus③enough interaction
④save money⑤watch lessons over again
A．①②④ B．②③⑤ C．①④⑤ D．①③④
28．What can we learn about according to the passage
A．Li Jing thinks it is easy to always stay focused.
B．Li Jing thinks that online interaction isn’t enough.
C．Tian Lishan is a student from a high school in Beijing.
D．Li Jing pushes herself communicate with teachers in online classes.
29．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．A survey.
B．Online classes.
C．Advantages of online classes.
D．Disadvantages of online classes.
I
A Dry Ice Experiment
Did you know that carbon dioxide sent out by dry ice can actually put out flames Encourage your kids to try this simple experiment. It’s suitable for young kids in first and higher grades, so long as there is plenty of adult direction. The experiment takes no longer than five to ten minutes.
Materials
*Three candles
*A lighter
*A glass or bowl
*One-half cup of water
*A block of dry ice (the size does not matter)
*Dry ice gloves
Instructions
1. Light the candles with a lighter and fix them in a glass or bowl.
2. Put on your gloves.
3. Pour one-half cup of water into the glass or bowl.
4. Place a piece of dry ice into the glass or bowl with water, and watch the dry ice vapor (蒸气) begin to rise.
What’s Happening
When you add dry ice to water, it produces carbon dioxide, the gaseous form of dry ice. Since flames need oxygen to burn, the flames go out once the oxygen is taken over by carbon dioxide.
Safe Handling Instructions
Because dry ice is so cold, it isn’t safe to touch it to your skin or put it in your mouth. Always use insulated (隔热的) gloves when handling dry ice to avoid ice bite and other injuries to your skin. If you put dry ice into a bottle, avoid capping the bottle as the pressure from dry ice can push the cover off forcefully.
30．What makes the candles die out in the experiment
A．Cold water. B．Increasing oxygen.
C．Freezing surroundings. D．Increasing carbon dioxide.
31．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “capping” in the last paragraph
A．covering B．opening C．shaking D．breaking
32．Where does the text most probably come from
A．A news report.. B．A science magazine. C．A student's diary. D．An advertisement.
J
Professional writing isn’t easy. As a blogger, journalist or reporter, you have to meet several challenges. You have to keep up with the latest developments and at the same time write timely, interesting and unique content. The same goes for scientists, researchers and analysts and other professionals. With floods of information being published on the web every day, things aren’t getting easier.
Fortunately, Artificial Intelligence has a few ways to help with professional writing, among which is smart proofreading.
Software sellers have always tried to help writers by adding proofreading features to their tools. But those efforts can slightly anger someone with more-than-average writing skills. However, that is changing as AI is getting better at understanding the context and purpose of the written text. One example is Microsoft Word’s New Editor Feature, a tool that uses AI to provide more than simple proofreading. Editor can understand slight differences in your article much better than other tools do. It flags not only grammatical errors and style mistakes, but also the use of unnecessarily complex words and overused terms. For instance, it knows when you’re using the word “really” to emphasize a point or to raise a question.
It also gives reasons for its decisions and provides smart suggestions when it considers something as incorrect. For example, if it marks a sentence as passive, it will provide a reworded version in active voice.
Editor has been well received by professional writers, though it’s still far from perfect. However, AI-powered writing assistance is fast becoming a competitive market. Grammarly, a grammar checker, uses AI to help with all writing tasks on the web. Atomic Reach is another player, which uses machine learning to provide feedback on the readability of written content.
33．Why is smart proofreading developed
A．To help find target information.
B．To help improve users’ writing.
C．To inform writers of the latest news.
D．To overcome the challenges AI meets.
34．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A．Dissatisfaction caused by proofreading. B．The writers’ efforts in collecting information.
C．One’s writing level. D．The sellers’ hard work.
35．What is the characteristic of Microsoft Word’s New Editor Feature
A．It is a perfect proofreading tool.
B．It removes unnecessary expressions.
C．It offers information and asks questions.
D．It marks mistakes and gives suggestions.
36．How does the writer develop the last paragraph
A．By doing researches. B．By making comparison.
C．By listing examples. D．By explaining cause and effect.
K
Don’t throw away your old phones. You are actually throwing away real gold! Smartphones contain many useful things such as gold, silver and copper (铜). People can recycle them to make new electronics (电子器件). But many people may not know this. In Australia alone there are more than 25 million unused mobile phones lying around, Sydney Morning Herald reported. The gold in these phones can add up to a value of more than $ 80 million (542 million yuan). There are about 2 billion smartphone users around the world, who change their phones once every 11 months on average. In China, people generate (产生) 80 million old phones every year, according to New Express Daily.
However, it’s not easy to get the useful things out of the phones. Smartphones have not only useful things, but also harmful materials. Guiyu, a small town in Shantou, Guangdong, is one of the world’s biggest camping grounds (垃圾倾倒场) for electronic waste, Reuters reported. Many recycling centers in Guiyu simply break the old electronics by hand and don’t think about the pollution it causes. According to a local government report, 81 percent of children in Guiyu are harmed by lead(铅) poisoning.
Veena Sahajwalla, a professor at Australia’s University of New South Wales, has made a mini factory. It makes smartphone recycling cleaner and easier. The mini factory is very small and easy to move around. It breaks the phones and automatically (自动地) removes the useful parts. In that way, humans do not get poisoned.
37．What can people do with old phones
A．Put them away. B．Make gold rings.
C．Make new electronics. D．Clean the city’s roads.
38．Which of the following is TRUE
A．People generate 25 million old phones in China every year.
B．On average, smartphone users change their phones every 8 months.
C．It’s easy to get the useful things out of the phones.
D．The kids in Guiyu get lead poisoning because Guiyu is polluted by electronic waste.
39．The writer writes this article mainly to ________.
A．discuss how to make new electronics from old phones
B．ask people to protect the environment
C．encourage people to make good use of the old phones
D．introduce smartphones in different countries
L
A new kind of sea sponge (海绵) found in Norfolk, England, has been named by a nine-year-old girl after a competition for local schools.
The unique purple sponge, which had never been seen in other parts of the world, was first discovered by divers off the north Norfolk coast. Although found in 2011, it had been without a name for almost ten years. In January this year, the Marine Conservation Society(MCS)—a group of people who work to protect the UK’s seas and coasts—asked local schoolchildren to come up with suggestions.
Now the sponge has a name to be proud of: parpal dumplin, as suggested by nine-year-old Sylvie from Langham Village School. Sylvie said she came up with the name because “the sponge is purple and it looks like a dumpling”. Parpal dumplin is “purple dumpling” spoken in a Norfolk accent (口音). The judges all agreed that Sylvie’s suggestion should be the sponge’s name because “the spelling gives the sponge a strong connection to Norfolk”.
Sponges were once thought to be plants but they are actually simple sea animals. They feed on tiny things in sea water and help keep the water clean in the process (过程). Sponges have a very “lazy” lifestyle, with no means of moving themselves around. They are found on the seabed, rocks or even shells. They come in all kinds of different colors, shapes and sizes.
Parpal dumplin was first discovered in a place called the Cromer Shoal Chalk Beds as part of a project called Seasearch. When diver Dawn Watson showed sponge expert Clarie Goodwin what she found, Goodwin was sure that it was a kind of sponge unknown to science. Watson’s discovery is a special sponge, which takes the shape of whatever it covers. Parpal dumplin will now become its common name, and will be used until researchers have learned enough about it to suggest an official scientific one.
40．What does the underlined word “unique” in Paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Strange and ugly. B．Special and unusual.
C．Soft and beautiful. D．Meaningful and important.
41．What can we learn about sponges from Paragraph 4
A．They help clean up sea water. B．They are of the same size.
C．They can only be found on beaches. D．They are actually sea plants.
42．Which is TRUE about parpal dumplin
A．It has many colors. B．It was found 20 years ago.
C．It was scientifically known before. D．It has only one shape.
43．What do we know from the last sentence
A．Parpal dumplin is a common sponge.
B．Parpal dumplin is the sponge’s official name.
C．There’s still a lot to be learned about parpal dumplin.
D．Researchers suggested an official name for the sponge.
M
In recent years, it has become popular for women to wear a traditional qipao dress. Especially during the “gaokao”, many mothers wear qipaos to wish their children good luck in the exam. The reason is that “qipao” stands for the Chinese meaning “qi kai de sheng”, which means “victory”.
The qipao has a high collar (衣领), with pankous, traditional Chinese knotted buttons, on the front. Some people believe the qipao originated (起源) from gowns (长袍) in the Qing Dynasty. Influenced by western culture, it changed continually during the early 20th century, becoming more fitted and body-hugging.
After years of development, the qipao is now mainly divided into Beijing styles, Shanghai styles and Hong Kong styles. ▲
The Beijing style qipao is more traditional than Shanghai-style and Hong Kong-style qipaos. The colors of Beijing-style qipaos are much brighter. High-quality Beijing-style qipaos are usually made by hand, so the price is much higher.
Compared with Beijing-style qipaos. Shanghai-style ones are more fashionable. More western elements (元素) are used in the designs and colors. Shanghai-style qipaos became the most popular style because of the fashionable design and slim shape. Now, Shanghai-style qipaos are still the first choice for most women, especially among younger ones.
Hong Kong-style qipaos have been influenced greatly by European fashions. They have shorter sleeves (袖子) than the other two. The decorations are simpler, too.
The qipao is a very classic product to stand for the beauty of traditional Chinese clothing. It shows not only the history of the Han people, but also the footprints of other cultures on the land.
44．Many mothers wear qipaos during the exam to ______.
A．develop traditional culture
B．make their children relaxed
C．celebrate their children's victory
D．express good wishes to their children
45．In Para. 2, all the followings are mentioned EXCEPT ______.
A．who buys the qipao B．what the qipao looks like
C．how the qipao changed D．what the qipao originated from
46．Which sentence can be put in the missing pat “ ▲” in Para. 3
A．They are also different in price.
B．They influence each other in development.
C．Different styles have their own buying groups.
D．There are many differences in color and design.
47．The writer wrote the passage to ______.
A．introduce different kinds of qipaos in China
B．show us that the qipao is popular all over the world
C．teach us how to make beautiful qupaos by ourselves
D．tell us the history, development, style and culture of the qipao
N
A heat wave roasted* hundreds of thousands of people across the Pacific Northwest, taking away hundreds of lives. Climate change has made heat waves like this one more frequent and stronger than those from any other point in recorded history.
The following is what happens if you’re one of the next people whom heat wave kills, according to W. Lawrence Kenney, an expert from Penn State University. First, your brain sends messages to encourage sweat* production. Then your heart starts beating faster to pump* blood to the skin, and at the same time, blood flow is also directed away from your organs like liver, kidneys, and gut. That’s your body trying to make your skin hotter than the air outside and move heat away from you.
If heat stroke* happens, your body might get too hot and send much blood to the skin, as a result, it fails* those important organs in your body. You might require an emergency transplant to survive the organ failure. If your body fails to cool you down, its internal* temperature might start to climb from a normal level of about 98 degrees Fahrenheit to somewhere closer to 104 degrees. At that temperature, the brain becomes affected and you may feel it start as a headache. Before long, you might not know where you are or what time it is. If you are not treated in time, what follows is a series of organ failure that leads to all but certain death. And that’s just part of what we know about how heat wave kills you.
“It’s important for people to understand that there’s still a lot we don’t know about heat stroke and who’s most likely to be harmed,” Kenney said, “That’s because we can’t study it in humans in the laboratory. A lot of what we know comes from studies on animal models, like mice and rats, or from examinations of people who have died of heat stroke.”
roast v. 烤；sweat n. 汗液；pump v. （心脏）泵送血液；heat stroke 中暑；fail v. 使……衰竭；internal adj. 体内的
48．Which of the following will happen if a heat wave attacks a person
A．The skin will produce less sweat.
B．The heart beats will slow down.
C．There will be more blood in the skin.
D．The organs will be more active.
49．What can we do first if heat stroke happens
A．Prevent organs from failing. B．Try to cool down the body.
C．Try to treat the headache. D．Stop sweat from producing.
50．What can we learn from Kenny in the last paragraph
A．There hasn’t been enough study so far.
B．We should keep studying human deaths.
C．We have already studied on humans.
D．The studies on animal models are useless.
51．Which of the following can be the best title
A．How heat strokes are developed
B．How we can keep organs work well
C．How we can slow down global warming
D．How heat waves destroy the human body
