人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection Discover Useful Structures 课件(共34张PPT)

(共34张PPT)
Unit 3 Environmental Protection
Discover useful structures
Direct Speech and Indirect Speech
1 The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
2 The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.
3 The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.
4 The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.
1 The expert said, “from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.”
2 The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die out because of climate change ”
3 The reporter asked,“How can we save polar bears from extinction ”
4 “Let's work together to stop climate change, ”the expert said.
In pairs: Discuss the differences between the two groups of sentences.
quotation marks
& object clause
word order
word order tense
different expressions
1 The expert said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.
2 The reporter asked whether polar bears would die out because of climate change.
3 The reporter asked how we could save polar bears from extinction.
4 The expert advised us to work together to stop climate change.
1 The expert said, “from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared to have starved and died.”
2 The reporter asked, “Will polar bears die out because of climate change ”
3 The reporter asked,“How can we save polar bears from extinction ”
4 “Let's work together to stop climate change, ”the expert said.
Direct speech
Indirect speech
◆To report what
exactly has been
said
◆The words usually
appear in quotation
marks
◆To report what
has been said
without using the
exact words
◆No quotation
marks
Direct Speech and indirect Speech
引语的概念
直接引述别人的原话，叫 ____________;
直接引语
用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _________。
间接引语
直接引语通常都用____________括起来，
引号“ ”
间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 ________。
宾语从句
How to change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech
What did he/ she say
The girl is my sister Lucy.
Today is windy.
I want to eat apples.
Peter
Mary
Lucy
Peter
Mary said that
Lucy said that
today/that day was windy.
the girl was her sister Lucy.
she wanted to eat apples.
said that
How to change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech
1. Change of personal pronoun，tense，word order，
time，place，verb indicating direction
人称变化,时态变化,时间、地点状语、方向性动词 等变化
2. 陈述句、特殊疑问句一般疑问句、祈使句变为间接引语的方法
She said,“ I like Tennis.”
She said that she liked tennis.
Deng Tao said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”
He told Lily that she must get up early.
She said to me ,“ They want to help him.”
She told me that they wanted to help him.
使间接引语中的人称与直接引语中的人称指向一致.
陈述句: A. Changes of the personal pron
随主
随宾
不变
1. Zhang Yan said, “ I’ll come this evening.”
→ She said (that) she would go that evening.
2. My sister said to me, “I’m leaving tomorrow.”
→ My sister told me (that) she was leaving the next /(following) day.
3.Zhou Jun said, “My mother is not here now.”
→ He said (that) his mother was not there then.
1. Direct speech is a statement 陈述句
总结：1. 加that (可以省略） 2. 陈述句语序
3. 检查人称，时态 4.时间、地点状语变化
主句谓语动词为一般过去时时
直接引语
一般现在时 do/does
一般将来时will do
现在进行时am…doing
现在完成时have done
一般过去时 did
过去完成时had done
间接引语
一般过去时 did
过去将来时 would do
过去进行时was/were doing
过去完成时had done
过去完成时had done
过去完成时had done
如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,遵守时态变化原则：
没有“过去”给“过去”；有个“过去”加“完成”。
陈述句: B. Changes of the tense:
Zhou Jun said, “My mother is not here now.”
→ He said (that) his mother was not there then.
注意：以下几种情况时态 不变
①直接引语是客观真理。
The teacher said, "The earth moves around the sun .”
→ The teacher said (that) the earth moves around the sun earth.
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Lei Miao said, "I was born on December 11, 1999."
②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
Yang Long said, “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me.”
→ Yang Long said he was doing chores when Tom had come to see him.
→Lei Miao said she was born on December 11, 1999.
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。如：
Wen Hui said, “I get up at six every morning。”
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式,时态不再变（例：could, should, would, might）
The doctor said to me, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.”
→ The doctor said to me I should stay in bed for 2 days.”
或已经是过去时的形式时，时态不再变。
（例： ought to， had better, used to）
Dang Ran said to me, "You had better come here today."
→She said (that) she gets up at six every morning.
→ Dang Ren said to me (that) I had better go there that day.
三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化
引语 用词 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 this 这个
these 这些
时间状语 now 现在
today 今天
this morning 今天上午
tonight 今天晚上
tomorrow 明天
that 那个
those 那些
then /at that time那时
that day 那天
that morning 那天上午
that night 那天晚上
the next/following day 第二天
时间状语 yesterday 昨天
last night 昨天晚上
the day before yesterday 前天
three days ago 三天前
next week 下一周
ago （至今）以前
地点状语 here 这儿
方向性动词 bring 带来
come 来
the day before 前一天
the night before 前一天晚上
two days before 两天前
three days before 三天前
the next/following week 下周
before （那时）以前
there 那儿
take 带走
go 去
如果就在当天转述, tomorrow, yesterday, tomorrow不变
如果在当地转述, here不必改为there come 不必改为 go
2. direct speech is a special question 特殊疑问句
1. “What do you want ” he asked me.
→ He asked me what I wanted.
2. The teacher asked me, “Why do you want to do
that ”
→ The teacher asked me why I wanted to do that.
3. She asked me, “Where have you been ”
→ She asked me where I had been.
总结：1. 加特殊疑问词 2. 陈述句语序
3. 检查人称，时态，时间地点状语
1. He asked me, “Are you interested in it ”
→ He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in it.
2. He asked me, “Do you like this film ”
→ He asked if/whether I liked that film.
3. Direct speech is a Yes or No question一般疑问句
总结：1. 加if /whether 2. 陈述句语序
3. 检查人称，时态 4.时间、地点状语
4. Direct speech is an imprative sentence祈使句
She said to the boys , “ Don’t talk.”
→ She asked the boys
She said, “Be quiet.”
→ She asked us
to be quiet.
not to talk.
tell (ask, order, advise) sb (not) to do sth.
ask invite advise warn tell order
1 Jim said, “I like football.”
2 Tom asked me ,“Do you like this book ”
3 Peter said to me, “what do you like ”
4 Mary said to me, “Close the window.”
Jim said that he liked football.”
Tom asked me if/whether I liked this book .
Peter asked me what I liked .
Mary asked me to close the window.
陈述句，特殊、一般疑问句，祈使句由直接
引语变为间接引语的区别
Summary
性质：间接引语在多数情况下是一个宾语从句
人称:一随主,二随宾,三不变
时态：主句为一般过去时态，从句相应的变化
引导词:
陈述句: 用that
一般疑问句: 用if或whether
特殊疑问句: 用特殊疑问词
祈使句： tell sb. to do s.th
ask sb. to do s.th
order sb. to do s.th
1. Diane asked,“What made Hurricane Katrina unusual ”
2. Diane asked,“Was it the worst natural disaster in American history ”
3. Martha said,“I want to become a scientist and help the world.”
4. Martha said,“I am doing a project on behalf of my school about global warming.”
Diane asked （me）what had made Hurricane Katrina unusual.
Diane asked (me) if/whether it had been the worst natural disaster in American history.
Martha said/told t me ( that) she wanted to become become a scientist and help the world.
Martha said/told me (that) she was doing a project.on behalf of her school about global warming.
5. Bob asked,“Why is nuclear power a sensitive topic ”
6. Bob asked,“Could you explain how the nuclear disaster happened ”
7. Laura asked,“How many animals have disappeared because of human hunting ”
8. Laura asked,“What can we do to help wild animals ”
Bob asked (me) if/whether I could explain how the nuclear disaster had happened.
Bob asked (me) if/whether they could explain how the nuclear disaster had happened.
Bob asked why nuclear power was a sensitive topic.
Laura asked what we could do to help wild animals.
9. Vincent said,“I have never been to the Amazon Jungle.”
10. Vincent said,“Will scientists discover new species there ”
Vincent said/told me that he had never been to the Amazon Jungle.
Vincent said if/whether scientists would discover new species there.
How to change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech
1. Change of personal pronoun，tense，word order，
time，place，verb indicating direction
人称变化,时态变化,时间、地点状语、方向性动词 等变化
2. 陈述句、特殊疑问句一般疑问句、祈使句变为间接引语的方法
Work in groups. Do a survey on what your group members are doing to help the environment and what else they can do. Then report to the class.
3
P29
Michelle I always use my cloth bag when I go shopping, rather than use plastic bags.
Jack I often walk or ride a bike instead of taking a taxi.
Sally Don’t print out documents unless really necessary.
Joe Would it be best to share books with others
EXAMPLE
I asked my group members what they did to limit the amount of carbon dioxide produced in their daily lives. Jack told me that he often walked or rode a bike instead of taking taxi. Joe advised us to share books with others. Sally asked us …
4. They said, “We stayed in America.”
→They said that __________________ in
America.
5. He said, “I had left for Beijing before
you called me.”
→He said that _________ for Beijing
before ___________.
6. Tom said, “I will explain it to you after class.”
→Tom said that he ____________________
after class.
7. She said, “I will buy this book today.”
→She said she _________________________.
they (had) stayed
he had left
I called him
would explain it to me
would buy that book that day
8. The old man said, “I am surprised with
the changes that have taken place here.”
→The old man said ________ surprised with the change that___________________.
9. The stranger said to me, “A play is being
performed now.”
→The stranger told me that ______________
______________.
10. The volunteer said, “I will attend the
performance tomorrow.”
→The volunteer said ____________________
___________________________.
he was
had taken place there
a play was being
performed then
he / she would attend the performance the next day
1. He said , “I m afraid I can’t finish this work.”
2. He said , “I haven’t heard from him since May.”
3. Tom said “I will see you next week.”
He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish that work.
He said that he hadn’t heard from him since May.
Tom said that he would see me the next week.
Practice (III)
4. “Why were you late again ” The teacher said to me.
5. “I don’t like swimming,” said Sarah.
6. “Have you been to Paris ” My classmate asked me.
The teacher asked me why I was late again.
Sarah said she didn’t like swimming.
My classmate asked me if / whether I had been to Paris.
变下列直接引语为间接引语。
1. “Stop talking, please,” the monitor said to the class.
______________________________________
2. “Repeat it three times,” the teacher said to her.
______________________________________
3. “Will you buy some bread for me ” he said to her.
______________________________________
4. “Don’t take off your coat,” she said to her sister.
______________________________________
5. “Stay here!” the officer said to the soldier.
_____________________________________
The monitor asked the class to stop talking.
The teacher told her to repeat it three times.
He asked her if she could buy some bread for him.
She told her sister not to take off her coat.
The officer told the soldier to stay there.
“I don’t want to go sightseeing,” said John.
→ John said that ____________ to go sightseeing.
2. The mother said, “I’m cooking.”
→The mother said that ______________.
3. Daisy said, “I have bought a new computer.”
→Daisy said that ______________ a new computer.
Practice (II)
he didn’t want
she was cooking
she had bought
Finish the exercises in
Learning English.
basin
penguin
reform
undergo
implement
harmonious moderate
submit
n.流域;盆地;盆
n.企鹅
vi.& vt.改革; (使)改正;改造
n.改革;变革;改良
v.(underwent, undergone )经历;经受(变化、不快等)
vt. 使生效;贯彻;执行
adj.和谐的
adj.适度的;中等的;温和的vi.&vt.缓和;使适中
vt. & vi.提交;呈递;屈服
annual
tropical
chaos
on behalf of nuclear sensitive
jungle
smog
originate volume
adj.每年的; - -年的 n.年刊;年鉴.
adj.热带的;来自热带的
n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱
代表(代替)某人
adj.原子能的;核能的;原子核的
adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的
n.(热带)丛林;密林
n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)
vi. & vt.起源;发源;创立
n.量;体积; (成套书籍中的)一卷
garbage enterprise restore conservation dozen.
dozens of regulation disposal
inspection
fine
n.垃圾;废物
n.公司;企业;事业
vt.恢复;使复原;修复
n.对(环境、文物等)保护;保持
n.(- )打;十二个.
许多;很多
n.章程;规章制度
n.去掉;清除;处理
n.检查;查看;视察
vt. 对....处以罚款
campaign waterway
tolerate
agenda
Norway
Svalbard Hurricane Katrina
n.运动;战役
vi. & vt.参加运动;领导运动
n.水道;航道
vt.忍受;包容;容许
n.议程表;议事日程
挪威(北欧国家)
斯瓦尔巴群岛(挪威)
飓风卡特里娜