2024年高考英语三轮复习冲刺：阅读理解说明文（浙江专用）
1.（2024·浙江嘉兴·二模）
It’s commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality
In Filterworld: How algorithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm-driven feeds, used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly don’t belong to us, but to algorithms that are designed to keep people engaged at all costs. If the collection of our tastes truly shapes our entire personality, then this loss is more psychologically damaging than it first appears. Aimlessly scrolling (滚屏) through Netflix or TikTok may seem harmless, but over days, months or years, we lose touch with what we like and enjoy.
Taste-making algorithms are inescapable. Chayka shows this by working through all corners of life: what we wear(TikTok), where we eat(Google Maps), music we listen to(Spotify), even who we date or marry(Tinder). This universe of algorithm-driven decisions has society-wide implications: “It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through…flattening them in turn.” No one gets out of the Filterworld untouched.
If you’re lucky enough not to need any sort of algorithm-based system for your work, then you have the option to step back from algorithms for a while. But if your friend suggests a film recommended on X/Twitter or you feel the need to buy those shoes suddenly everyone has started wearing after social media advertisements, what are you to do It all feels fruitless.
This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope. You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume. This could mean reading up about a film you watched or paying artists you like directly. Even the thoughtful act of recommending an album (专辑) to a friend is more rewarding than a random TikTok feed. As Chayka says, resistance to algorithms “requires an act of willpower, a choice to move through the world in a different way.”
1．What is Kyle Chayka’s opinion on algorithms
A．They improve our tastes. B．They make our culture more alike.
C．They help to identify our personality. D．They contribute to psychological problems.
2．What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The society with advanced technology. B．The world without social media platforms.
C．The network of algorithm-driven decisions. D．The community free from algorithmic influence.
3．Which of the following is a way to resist the impact of algorithms
A．Limiting the use of social media platforms. B．Making choices based on friends’ suggestions.
C．Getting more involved with the selected media. D．Disconnecting from social media advertisements.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Algorithms: Cultural Takeover B．The Secret of Algorithms
C．Social Media: Cultural Messenger D．The Rise of Digital Platforms
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们的生活普遍受到了算法的影响，算法使我们的文化更加相似，对此提出了一些避免文化被算法趋同的建议。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“In Filterworld: How algorithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm-driven feeds, used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly don’t belong to us, but to algorithms that are designed to keep people engaged at all costs. (在《过滤器世界：算法如何使文化扁平化》一书中，Kyle Chayka令人信服地指出，从Instagram到Spotify，算法驱动的信息流在网上无处不在，它的兴起导致了一种更加统一的文化。我们的品味和欲望越来越不属于我们自己，而是属于那些旨在不惜一切代价让人们参与其中的算法。)”可知，Kyle Chayka对算法的看法是它们使我们的文化更加相似。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“This universe of algorithm-driven decisions has society-wide implications: “It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through…flattening them in turn.” (这种由算法驱动的决策对整个社会都有影响：“它延伸到影响我们的物理空间、城市和我们走过的路线……反过来使它们扁平化。”)”可知，算法驱动的决策网络影响到了我们生活的各个方面，没有人能不受影响地从算法驱动的决策网络走出来。故划线部分指的是“算法驱动的决策网络”。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope. You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume. (这个“过滤世界”可能是不可避免的，但还是有希望的。你可以从更多地参与你选择消费的媒体开始。)”可知，更多地参与选定的媒体是抵抗算法影响的方法。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It’s commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality (人们普遍认为，我们的生活是由算法控制的，但我们真的理解了它们是如何改变我们的文化和个性的吗？)”结合文章主要说明了人
们的生活普遍受到了算法的影响，算法使我们的文化更加相似，对此提出了一些避免文化被算法趋同的建议。可知，A选项“算法：文化接管”最符合文章标题。故选A。
2.（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）
To build a prosperous (繁荣的) society, a fundamental understanding of the modern economy as a driving force in today’s world is essential.
What kind of prosperity have we achieved so far The widespread definition of prosperity focuses on economic power and growth as measures of success. Let’s take a look at history. The Second Industrial Revolution enabled mass production and created a sufficient supply of goods. This has greatly increased the importance of money in its role as “a store of value, ” and “a medium of exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued economic power as the only indicator of prosperity, such as GDP. Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified.
The path to a truly prosperous world requires a shift in focus towards the most suitable happiness for all, in addition to economic power. Defining happiness, however, is a complex task. What makes people happy The degree to which the same thing creates happiness differs from person to person. Happiness is subjective and complicated. This is a world of “multiple values” where each of us determines worth as opposed to “one fixed price” based merely on an economic perspective. Individuals shouldn’t be defined by a single identity or role but by multidimensional nature as well as multiple roles making independent choices and taking actions for their happiness in different aspects.
Businesses must be pioneers in pursuing not only economic growth but also the happiness of all citizens of society. Companies can contribute through the pursuit of social value as well as economic profit. At the heart of this lies “purpose”. A company’s purpose defines the value it brings to society. The true worth of a company should be determined not just by the return s it creates for shareholders but by the value it creates for society as a whole.
5．What is the author’s attitude to the widely accepted standard of prosperity
A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Uncertain. D．Approving.
6．What is the side effect of technological evolution
A．The slower economic growth speed.
B．The sharp reduction of job opportunities.
C．The enlarged gap between the rich and the poor.
D．The increasing conflict between different nations.
7．Which statement will the author agree with according to the passage
A．Happiness is changeable and beyond control.
B．Happiness largely depends on economic power.
C．The pursuit of profit determines a company’s true worth.
D．A prosperous world should be measured by multiple values.
8．Who are the main intended readers of the text
A．Social psychologists. B．Enterprise administrators.
C．School educators. D．Technological researchers.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个繁荣的世界应该用多种价值观来衡量，企业不仅要成为追求经济增长的先锋，还要成为追求全体社会公民幸福的先锋。
5．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“The widespread definition of prosperity focuses on economic power and growth as measures of success. Let’s take a look at history. The Second Industrial Revolution enabled mass production and created a sufficient supply of goods. This has greatly increased the importance of money in its role as “a store of value, ” and “a medium of exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued economic power as the only indicator of prosperity, such as GDP. Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified. (对繁荣的普遍定义侧重于将经济实力和增长作为成功的衡量标准。让我们来看看历史。第二次工业革命使大规模生产成为可能，并创造了充足的商品供应。这大大增加了货币作为“价值储存手段”和“交换媒介”的重要性。因此，我们把经济实力作为衡量繁荣的唯一指标，比如GDP。全球化和技术发展的浪潮促进了整体经济增长，但也让少数强者获得了更大的权力，同时剥削了大多数弱者。结果，不平等加剧，不团结加剧。)”可知，作者对普遍接受的繁荣标准持批判性态度。故选B。
6．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified. (全球化和技术发展的浪潮促进了整体经济增长，但也让少数强者获得了更大的权力，同时剥削了大多数弱者。结果，不平等加剧，不
团结加剧。)”可知，技术进化的副作用是贫富差距的扩大。故选C。
7．细节理解题。由文章第三段“The path to a truly prosperous world requires a shift in focus towards the most suitable happiness for all, in addition to economic power. Defining happiness, however, is a complex task. What makes people happy The degree to which the same thing creates happiness differs from person to person. Happiness is subjective and complicated. This is a world of “multiple values” where each of us determines worth as opposed to “one fixed price” based merely on an economic perspective. Individuals shouldn’t be defined by a single identity or role but by multidimensional nature as well as multiple roles making independent choices and taking actions for their happiness in different aspects. (通往真正繁荣世界的道路，除了经济实力之外，还需要把重点转向最适合所有人的幸福。然而，定义幸福是一项复杂的任务。什么能让人快乐 同一件事给人带来快乐的程度因人而异。幸福是主观的、复杂的。这是一个“多重价值”的世界，我们每个人都决定价值，而不是仅仅基于经济观点的“一个固定价格”。个体不应该被定义为单一的身份或角色，而应该被定义为多维的本质和多重的角色，在不同的方面为自己的幸福做出独立的选择和行动。)”可知，一个繁荣的世界应该用多种价值观来衡量。故选D。
8．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Businesses must be pioneers in pursuing not only economic growth but also the happiness of all citizens of society. Companies can contribute through the pursuit of social value as well as economic profit. At the heart of this lies “purpose”. A company’s purpose defines the value it brings to society. The true worth of a company should be determined not just by the return s it creates for shareholders but by the value it creates for society as a whole. (企业不仅要成为追求经济增长的先锋，还要成为追求全体社会公民幸福的先锋。企业可以通过追求社会价值和经济利润来做出贡献。这个问题的核心是“目的”。公司的宗旨决定了它给社会带来的价值。一家公司的真正价值不仅取决于它为股东创造的回报，还应取决于它为整个社会创造的价值。)”可知，本文是写给企业管理者读的。故选B。
3.（2024·浙江台州·二模）
When instant cake mixes first appeared in the 1950s, American housewives were doubtful. These mixes, promising easy cake-baking, felt too easy. The manufacturers discovered that requiring the addition of an egg in the baking process was just enough to make the housewives happy with their work. The greater sense of effort gained from a little extra labor is believed to have been essential to the later success of the cake mix.
This reflects the IKEA effect (宜家效应), which is identified by psychologist Michael I. Norton and his colleagues, suggesting we place greater value on things we have worked to create. They conducted four studies in
which they asked participants to fold paper cranes and frogs, assemble IKEA boxes, and build sets of Legos. They then asked the builders to bid (出价) for their creations, and compared the prices with bids from people who hadn’t built them. The builders consistently outbid the non-builders.
Interestingly, the IKEA effect works even when people have no opportunity to fully personalize their creations. While most participants’ folding skills left much to be desired, they loved their imperfectly personalized products all the more. Builders valued their wrinkled crane-like creations nearly five times as much as non-builders. Beauty, it seems, is in the eye of the builder.
Today, as cities are suffering from severe housing crises, the IKEA effect can give us insight into the well-being benefits of a self-building approach to housing development. Projects like WikiHouse and the “half-a-house” approach pioneered by Alejandro Aravena’s architecture company Elemental are working to make housing more affordable and sustainable by making it easier for people to build and personalize their own homes.
“The moment people are involved with their built environment, they have a totally different relationship to it,” WikiHouse co-founder Alastair Parvin explained. “When the roof starts leaking or a door starts creaking, they have the power to fix it themselves.”
9．What brought customers the joy of cake-baking according to paragraph 1
A．A better taste. B．An easy approach.
C．A detailed recipe. D．An additional effort.
10．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply
A．Creations are based on skills. B．Extra labor increases perceived value.
C．Beauty is found through contrast. D．Strict management brings good quality.
11．What is Alastair Parvin’s attitude towards public involvement in housing
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
12．What’s the purpose of this text
A．To promote a brand. B．To make a proposal.
C．To explain a concept. D．To introduce a study.
【答案】9．D 10．B 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文是说明文。本文通过讨论宜家效应以及几个实验研究的结果，论述了人们更加珍视自己亲手创造的东西，并由此引发了对自我建造住房的好处的思考。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段“The manufacturers discovered that requiring the addition of an egg in the baking
process was just enough to make the housewives happy with their work. The greater sense of effort gained from a little extra labor is believed to have been essential to the later success of the cake mix.(制造商发现，在烘焙过程中加入一个鸡蛋就足以让主妇们对自己的工作感到满意。从一点点额外的劳动中获得的更大的努力感被认为是蛋糕粉后来成功的关键)”可知，额外的努力给顾客带来了蛋糕烘焙的乐趣。故选D项。
10．词句猜测题。根据前文“Interestingly, the IKEA effect works even when people have no opportunity to fully personalize their creations. While most participants’ folding skills left much to be desired, they loved their imperfectly personalized products all the more. Builders valued their wrinkled crane-like creations nearly five times as much as non-builders.(有趣的是，即使人们没有机会完全个性化他们的作品，宜家效应也会起作用。虽然大多数参与者的折叠技巧还有很多不足之处，但他们更喜欢自己不完美的个性化产品。建筑商对他们皱巴巴的像起重机一样的创造物的估价几乎是非建筑商的五倍)”可知，本段主要讲述额外的劳动会让参与者更喜欢自己的作品，所以Beauty, it seems, is in the eye of the builder.意为“额外的劳动增加了感知价值”。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段““The moment people are involved with their built environment, they have a totally different relationship to it,” WikiHouse co-founder Alastair Parvin explained. “When the roof starts leaking or a door starts creaking, they have the power to fix it themselves.”(WikiHouse的联合创始人Alastair Parvin解释说：“当人们参与到他们的建筑环境中时，他们与环境的关系就完全不同了。”“当屋顶开始漏水或门开始吱吱作响时，他们有能力自己修理。”)”可知，Alastair Parvin认为公众参与住房建设，他们与环境的关系就完全不同了，所以是持支持的态度。故选D项。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“This reflects the IKEA effect (宜家效应), which is identified by psychologist Michael I. Norton and his colleagues, suggesting we place greater value on things we have worked to create. They conducted four studies in which they asked participants to fold paper cranes and frogs, assemble IKEA boxes, and build sets of Legos. They then asked the builders to bid (出价) for their creations, and compared the prices with bids from people who hadn’t built them. The builders consistently outbid the non-builders.(这反映了心理学家迈克尔·i·诺顿(Michael I. Norton)及其同事发现的宜家效应(IKEA effect)，即我们更看重自己努力创造的东西。他们进行了四项研究，要求参与者折叠纸鹤和青蛙，组装宜家盒子，搭建乐高积木。然后，他们要求建筑商为他们的作品出价，并将价格与没有建造这些作品的人的出价进行比较。建筑商的出价始终高于非建筑商)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要解释什么是宜家效应(IKEA effect)，所以本文的目的是解释一个概念。故选C项。
4.（2024·浙江湖州、丽水、衢州·二模）
US Army veteran (退伍老兵) Mazyck remembers when doctors told her she would never walk again. She’d been paralyzed from the waist down after a serious accident while parachuting in 2003.The doctors never said anything about floating, though. In 2021,she got to do just that.
Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero G flight, organized by the group AstroAccess. This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience without going all the way to space. Flying over the Pacific Ocean off Southern California, the modified 747 jet airplane made 15 steep dives and climbs, allowing the flyers multiple periods of weightlessness.
The experience left Mazyck feeling joyful. “The flight was something that I would have never in my wildest dreams thought I would’ve experienced,” she says, “especially the floating, the weightlessness.”
Traditionally, strict physical requirements have prevented disabled people from becoming astronauts. AstroAccess is working to make space accessible to all. “Space removes the barriers between people; now is the time to remove the barriers to space itself,” says Mazyck, “It is sending a message to people who have historically been excluded from STEM that not only is there room for you in space, there is a need for you.”
During the flight, she says, the participants did experiments and made observations. They took note of things that people without certain disabilities might not realize are issues. For example, people who couldn’t grip with their legs needed another way to hold themselves still while weightless. The group also experimented with signaling lights for the deaf and with ways of using braille (盲文) for the blind.
These types of issues are easy enough to address. Now is the time to make space accessible — before space tourism or space settlements become commonplace. “I am so proud and elated about what’s happening here,” Mazyck adds. “We are paving the way for the future.”
13．What do we know about AstroAccess
A．It redesigns jet airplanes. B．It offers weightlessness experience.
C．It provides physical treatment. D．It trains the disabled to be astronauts.
14．What is required in the flights for the participants
A．Astronaut experience. B．Steep dives and climbs.
C．Weightlessness periods. D．Trials and observations.
15．Which of the following words can best describe Mazyck
A．Generous and determined. B．Caring and persistent.
C．Courageous and optimistic. D．Ambitious and innovative.
16．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Paving the Way for the Future B．Disabled Americans Make It to Space
C．Making Space a Place for Everyone D．US Veterans Experience Zero G Flight
【答案】13．B 14．D 15．C 16．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了AstroAccess组织参与者进行失重体验，腰部瘫痪的Mazyck就是其中一名参与者。AstroAccess正在努力使所有人都能进入太空。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero G flight, organized by the group AstroAccess. This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience without going all the way to space.(Mazyck是由AstroAccess组织的零重力飞行的12名参与者之一。这种类型的飞行重现了在没有进入太空的情况下宇航员所经历的失重状态。)”可知，AstroAccess提供失重体验。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“During the flight, she says, the participants did experiments and made observations.(她说，在飞行过程中，参与者做了实验和观察)”可知，参与者的飞行要求是试验和观察。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段““The flight was something that I would have never in my wildest dreams thought I would’ve experienced,” she says, “especially the floating, the weightlessness.”(她说：“这次飞行是我做梦也想不到自己会经历的事情，尤其是漂浮和失重的感觉。”)”以及倒数第三段““Space removes the barriers between people; now is the time to remove the barriers to space itself,” says Mazyck, “It is sending a message to people who have historically been excluded from STEM that not only is there room for you in space, there is a need for you.”(“太空消除了人与人之间的障碍；现在是时候消除太空本身的障碍了，”Mazyck说，“这向那些历史上被排除在STEM之外的人发出了一个信息，那就是太空不仅有你的空间，还有你的需求。”)”可推知，Mazyck勇敢乐观。故选C。
16．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Now is the time to make space accessible — before space tourism or space settlements become commonplace. “I am so proud and elated about what’s happening here,” Mazyck adds. “We are paving the way for the future.”(在太空旅游或太空定居变得司空见惯之前，现在是时候让太空变得触手可及了。“我为这里发生的一切感到骄傲和高兴，”马齐克补充道。“我们正在为未来铺平道路。”)”结合文章主要说明了AstroAccess组织参与者进行失重体验，腰部瘫痪的Mazyck就是其中一名参与者。AstroAccess正在努力使所有人都能进入太空。可知，C选项“让太空成为每个人的地方”最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
5.（2024·浙江杭州·二模）
Education in 2080 is distinctive from education in the 2020s. Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers. In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible for you, I would like to give an example of what a child’s education looks like in 2080. Her name is Shemsy. Shemsy is 13, and she is confident and loves learning.
Shemsy does not go to school in the morning because schools as you know them no longer exist. The institution was abolished as it was widely thought of as more like a prison or a factory than a creative learning environment. Schools have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are not restricted to certain ages. They are where intergenerational learning happens, in line with the belief that learning is a lifelong pursuit.
Every year, Shemsy designs her learning journey for the year with a highly attentive “teacher-citizen”. Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her education and has to propose projects she would like to be involved in to contribute to and serve her community. She also spends lots of time playing as the role of play in learning has finally been recognized as essential and core to our humanity. Shemsy works a lot collaboratively. Access to education is universal, and higher education institutions no longer differentiate themselves by how many people they reject yearly. Variability between students is expected and leveraged (利用) as young people teach one another and use their differences as a source of strength. Shemsy naturally explores what she is curious about at a pace she sets. She still has some classes to take that are mandatory for children globally: Being Human and the History of Humanity.
We invite you to think about your vision for education in the year 2080, what does it look like, who does it serve,and how does it transform our societies
17．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us
A．There are different types of education.
B．The present education needs improvements.
C．Education and economy are closely associated.
D．The goal of future education is fundamentally different.
18．What do we know about the Learning Hub that Shemsy goes to
A．It accepts students of all ages. B．It promotes competition.
C．It discourages individualized learning. D．It is all about play-based learning.
19．What does the underlined word “mandatory” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Tough. B．Satisfactory. C．Optional. D．Required.
20．What is the suitable title for the text
A．An Example to All B．A Vision for Education
C．A Challenge for Education D．A Journey into the Future
【答案】17．D 18．A 19．D 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望。
17．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers. In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members.(直到2035年左右，教育系统的主要功能是为经济提供下一代工人。在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的福祉。)”可知，第一段主要告诉我们未来教育的目标是完全不同的。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段“Schools have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are not restricted to certain ages.(学校已经被不受年龄限制的“学习中心”所取代。)”可知，Shemsy去的学习中心接受所有年龄的学生。故选A。
19．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“Being Human and the History of Humanity(做人和人类历史)”可知，做人和人类历史应该是全球儿童必修的课程，划线词mandatory的意思是“必修的”，和required意思相近，故选D。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In 2080, the purpose of education is the well-being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible for you, I would like to give an example of what a child’s education looks like in 2080.(在2080年，教育的目的是社会及其所有成员的福祉。为了让你们更明白这一点，我想举一个2080年儿童教育的例子。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是对2080年的教育的展望，因此最恰当的标题是B选项“A Vision for Education(教育远景)”。故选B。
6.（2024·浙江金丽衢十二校联考·二模）
The maker of ChatGPT recently announced its next move into generative artificial intelligence. San Francisco-based OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator, called Sora, is a tool that instantly makes short videos based on written commands, called prompts.
Sora is not the first of its kind. Google, Meta and Runway ML are among the other companies to have developed similar technology. But the high quality of videos displayed by OpenAI — some released after CEO
Sam Altman asked social media users to send in ideas for written prompts-surprised observers.
A photographer from New Hampshire posted one suggestion, or prompt, on X. The prompt gave details about a kind of food to be cooked, gnocchi (意大利团子), as well as the setting — an old Italian country kitchen. The prompt said: “An instructional cooking session for homemade gnocchi, hosted by a grandmother — a social media influencer, set in a rustic (土气的) Tuscan country kitchen.” Altman answered a short time later with a realistic video that showed what the prompt described.
The tool is not yet publicly available. OpenAI has given limited information about how it was built. The company also has not stated what imagery and video sources were used to train Sora. At the same time, the video results led to fears about the possible ethical and societal effects.
The New York Times and some writers have taken legal actions against OpenAI for its use of copyrighted works of writing to train ChatGPT. And OpenAI pays a fee to The Associated Press, the source of this report, to license its text news archive (档案) . OpenAI said in a blog post that it is communicating with artists, policymakers and others before releasing the new tool to the public.
The company added that it is working with “red teamers” — people who try to find problems and give helpful suggestions — to develop Sora. “We are working with red teamers-express in areas like misinformation, hateful content, and bias — who will be adversarially testing the model,” the company said. “We’re also building tools to help detect misleading content such as a detection classifier that can tell when a video was generated by Sora.”
21．What makes Sora impressive
A．Its extraordinary video quality. B．Its ethical and societal influence.
C．Its artificial intelligence history. D．Its written commands and prompts.
22．What can we infer from the text
A．Some disagreements over Sora have arisen.
B．Sora is the first text-to-video generator in history.
C．OpenAI CEO Altman wrote a prompt as an example.
D．All the details about how Sora was built have been shared.
23．What is the main idea of Paragraph 6
A．The company’s current challenge.
B．The company’s advanced technology.
C．The company’s problems in management.
D．The company’s efforts for Sora’s improvement.
24．What is the author’s attitude towards Sora
A．Neutral. B．Optimistic. C．Pessimistic. D．Cautious.
【答案】21．A 22．A 23．D 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了OpenAI新推出了一款文本到视频生成器Sora，文章介绍了其特点以及其争议。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段的“But the high quality of videos displayed by OpenAI—some released after CEO Sam Altman asked social media users to send in ideas for written prompts-surprised observers.(但OpenAI显示的高质量视频——其中一些是在首席执行官萨姆·奥特曼要求社交媒体用户发送书面提示的想法后发布的——让观察者感到惊讶)”可知，Sora让人印象深刻的是其非凡的视频质量。故选A。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段的“OpenAI has given limited information about how it was built. The company also has not stated what imagery and video sources were used to train Sora. At the same time, the video results led to fears about the possible ethical and societal effects.(OpenAI提供的关于它是如何构建的信息有限。该公司也没有说明用于训练Sora的图像和视频来源。与此同时，视频结果引发了人们对可能产生的道德和社会影响的担忧)”可知，视频结果引发了人们对可能产生的道德和社会影响的担忧。由此可知，社会上就Sora出现了一些分歧。故选A。
23．主旨大意题。根据第六段“The company added that it is working with “red teamers” —people who try to find problems and give helpful suggestions—to develop Sora. “We are working with red teamers-express in areas like misinformation, hateful content, and bias—who will be adversarially testing the model,” the company said. “We’re also building tools to help detect misleading content such as a detection classifier that can tell when a video was generated by Sora.”(该公司补充说，它正在与“红队成员”合作开发索拉。红队成员试图发现问题并提出有用的建议。该公司表示：“我们正在与错误信息、仇恨内容和偏见等领域的红队快递员合作，他们将对该模式进行不利的测试。”。“我们还在构建一些工具来帮助检测误导性内容，比如一个检测分类器，它可以判断视频是由索拉生成的。”)”可知，第六段主要介绍了公司为Sora的改进所做的努力。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据第一段“The maker of ChatGPT recently announced its next move into generative artificial intelligence. San Francisco-based OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator, called Sora, is a tool that instantly makes short videos based on written commands, called prompts.(ChatGPT的制造商最近宣布了其向生成人工智能的下一步行动。基于旧金山的OpenAI新的文本到视频生成器Sora是一种基于书面命令（称为提示）即时制作短视频的工具)”可知，主要介绍了OpenAI新推出了一款文本到视频生成器Sora。作者客观的在陈述Sora的
特点以及其争议，该公司为了Sora的改进所做的努力。所以作者对Sora的态度是中立的。故选A。
7.（2024·浙江温州·二模）
Bonobos often form friendly relationships with other bonobo s in separate social groups — the first time this has been seen in non-human primates (灵长类). This is in line with humans, but in contrast to chimpanzees, another primate, which frequently kill chimps in other groups. The findings challenge the idea that humans evolved (进化) from violent apes, says Surbeck at Harvard University. “This potential to form cooperative links between different groups is not uniquely human and it might have occurred earlier than we thought,” he says.
Many animals cooperate, but they seem to do so only with those within their social circle, or in-group. Hostile (敌对的 ) interactions between groups are common among animals, including chimpanzees, so scientists have often assumed that hostility towards other social groups in humans is natural, says Samuni, also at Harvard. However, humans also often cooperate with people in different social circles, for example, by trading or teaching.
Bonobos are one of our closest living relatives. They are less studied than chimpanzees, but are known to be more peaceful, says Surbeck. To learn more about interactions between groups, Surbeck and Samuni observed 31 adult bonobo s from two social groups in Congo over a two-year period. The pair documented 95 encounters between the groups, which represented about 20% of their total observation time. Unlike chimpanzees observed in previous studies, they showed cooperation with out-group members. In fact,10% of all mutual grooming (梳毛) and 6% of all food sharing occurred among members of different social groups.
While bonobo s that groomed others usually got an immediate benefit, food sharing rarely resulted in a gift in return. This suggests that their actions were “not just motivated by selfish interests or immediate rewards”, Surbeck and Samuni report.
Otten, a researcher from the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea of human exceptionalism” with regard to out-group cooperation. Otten says the bonobo s that were most cooperative within their groups were the same ones that cooperated more with out-group members. This agrees with findings from humans. “Scholars used to believe that in-group ‘love’ goes together with out-group ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that often in-group cooperators are also out-group cooperators,” he says.
25．What is the focus of the study on bonobos
A．Their social behavior. B．Their survival skills.
C．Their evolutionary process. D．Their intelligence level.
26．What can be learnt about the bonobos
A．They are humans’ closest relatives. B．They can be taught to cooperate.
C．They interact friendly beyond groups. D．They share food for immediate rewards.
27．How was the study conducted
A．By comparing different primates. B．By observing bonobos’ interactions.
C．By listing group members’ motivations. D．By analysing statistics of previous studies.
28．How does Otten find the study
A．Forward-looking. B．Groundbreaking.
C．Controversial. D．One-sided.
【答案】25．A 26．C 27．B 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人类对倭黑猩猩的社交行为的研究。
25．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“To learn more about interactions between groups, Surbeck and Samuni observed 31 adult bonobo s from two social groups in Congo over a two-year period. (为了更多地了解群体之间的互动，苏贝克和萨穆尼在两年的时间里观察了来自刚果两个社会群体的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，倭黑猩猩的研究重点是他们的社交行为。故选A。
26．推理判断题。由文章第三段中“Unlike chimpanzees observed in previous studies, they showed cooperation with out-group members. In fact,10% of all mutual grooming and 6% of all food sharing occurred among members of different social groups. (与之前的研究中观察到的黑猩猩不同，它们表现出与群体外成员的合作。事实上，10%的相互梳理和6%的食物分享发生在不同社会群体的成员之间。)”可知，倭黑猩猩在团体之外进行友好的互动。故选C。
27．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“To learn more about interactions between groups, Surbeck and Samuni observed 31 adult bonobo s from two social groups in Congo over a two-year period. (为了更多地了解群体之间的互动，苏贝克和萨穆尼在两年的时间里观察了来自刚果两个社会群体的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，这项研究是通过观察倭黑猩猩的互动进行。故选B。
28．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Otten, a researcher from the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea of human exceptionalism” with regard to out-group cooperation. Otten says the bonobo s that were most cooperative within their groups were the same ones that cooperated more with out-group members. This agrees with findings from humans. “Scholars used to believe that in-group ‘love’ goes together with out-group ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that often in-group cooperators are also out-group cooperators,” he says. (来自荷兰的研究人员Otten认为这项研究“令人兴奋”，特别是因为它在群体外合作方面“挑战了人类
例外论的观点”。Otten说，在群体内最合作的倭黑猩猩与群体外成员合作得更多。这与人类的研究结果一致。他说:“学者们过去认为，群体内的‘爱’与群体外的‘恨’相伴而生，但最近的研究表明，群体内的合作者往往也是群体外的合作者。”)”可知，Otten认为这项研究是开创性的。故选B。
8.（2024·浙江宁波·二模）
One of the earliest forms of writing which is still being used today is Chinese characters, or hanzi. The image that many people have of Chinese characters is that they are all pictograms, but this is far from the case because pictograms have very limited use. Simple pictograms might be practical, for example, if one is making a shopping list of items to buy at the store, but they are fairly useless if one is writing something more complex or abstract. So it is a mistake to assume that written Chinese is a “picture language”．
Besides pictograms, there are simple ideograms. These are characters which provide an abstract picture of an idea, but in an often easily recognizable form. For example, “up” is “上” while “down” is “下”. While the meanings of many ideograms are not this easy to work out, they tend to be simple, easy-to-remember characters which are commonly used.
Next we have a common category of hanzi: compound characters. These are where elements of two or more characters are combined in one character for a new meaning. Some of these are easy to understand. In many cases, however, the meanings of compound characters are more difficult to work out.
Phonetic loan characters are the characters which started out as pictograms. However, they were often used to mean other words that had the same pronunciation. A good example of this is “目”. While it can be used in modern Chinese with the meaning “eye”, it is most often used to mean “an item on a list”. The reason was that Chinese had a word for “an item on a list” but lacked a character for it, so the word took the character “目”, a character with the same pronunciation.
A final category of Chinese characters is by far the most common. These are phonetic-semantic characters. With phonetic-semantic characters, one element of each character gives a clue to the pronunciation, while the other gives a clue to the meaning.
Over the centuries, Chinese characters have continually been developed, with a trend towards the simple and more abstract. It was thought that the complexity of some Chinese characters was keeping people from being able to learn them. Thus, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Chinese government rolled out simplified Chinese characters.
29．Why are pictograms sometimes not practical for use in a writing system
A．They are only available for shopping.
B．They are too complex for people to learn.
C．They cannot convey abstract ideas very well.
D．They are quite complicated and difficult to write.
30．What do we know about compound characters according to the passage
A．They are drawings of objects used in a writing system.
B．They are characters which use elements of two or more characters.
C．They are characters used in a writing system to convey abstract concepts.
D．They are characters which give clues to both the meaning and pronunciation.
31．Which of the following categories does the character “模” belong to
A．Pictograms. B．Phonetic loan characters.
C．Ideograms. D．Phonetic-semantic characters.
32．What would be the benefit of simplifying Chinese characters according to the passage
A．Creating a standard character set for China.
B．Visualizing the image of Chinese characters.
C．Popularizing the use of Chinese characters.
D．Reproducing a high-grade character for calligraphy.
【答案】29．C 30．B 31．D 32．C
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了汉字的起源、发展以及不同类型的汉字。
29．
细节理解题。根据第一段的“The image that many people have of Chinese characters is that they are all pictograms, but this is far from the case because pictograms have very limited use. Simple pictograms might be practical, for example, if one is making a shopping list of items to buy at the store, but they are fairly useless if one is writing something more complex or abstract. (很多人对汉字的印象是它们都是象形文字，但事实远非如此，因为象形文字的用途非常有限。简单的象形文字可能是实用的，例如，如果一个人正在制作在商店购买的商品的购物清单，但如果一个人在写更复杂或抽象的东西，它们就相当无用了。)”可知，象形文字在书写系统中有时不实用是因为它们不能很好地表达抽象的思想。故选C。
30．
细节理解题。根据第三段的“Next we have a common category of hanzi: compound characters. These are where elements of two or more characters are combined in one character for a new meaning. (接下来我们有一个常见的汉字类别：复合字。这是将两个或多个字符的元素组合在一个字符中以获得新含义的情况。) ”可知，复合字是使用两个或多个字符元素的字。故选B。
31．
推理判断题。根据第五段的“With phonetic-semantic characters, one element of each character gives a clue to the pronunciation, while the other gives a clue to the meaning.(对于形声字，每个字的一个字符元素给出发音的线索，而另一个字符元素给出意义的线索。)”以及“模”字的左半部分表意义，右半部分表音，因此它属于形声字。故选D。
32．
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Over the centuries, Chinese characters have continually been developed, with a trend towards the simple and more abstract. It was thought that the complexity of some Chinese characters was keeping people from being able to learn them. Thus, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Chinese government rolled out simplified Chinese characters.(几个世纪以来，汉字不断发展，趋向于简洁和抽象。人们认为，一些汉字的复杂性使人们无法学习它们。因此，在20世纪50年代和60年代，中国政府推出了简体字。)”可知，简体字的好处是有利于推广使用汉字。故选C。
9.（2024·浙江金丽衢十二校二模）
One of the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal. When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world.”
Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students. They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case.
Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal. They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”, or “Renaissance”.
The writers looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students. They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests. They are, in a way, learning how to be creative.
Having many interests, the Root-Bernsteins wrote, permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems. In fact, one important part of science is not discovering answers, but recognizing problems that need to be solved.
The prize winners, the Root-Bernsteins said, transfer “skills, techniques and materials from one field to another.” They said Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by using techniques he learned from the clothing business. He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in operations to put new organs into people’s bodies.
The Michigan State professors study creativity. They found Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists. The Michigan State researchers say that unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up some of their outside interests, Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity.
33．What comes as a surprise to students according to the passage
A．Meldal’s winning Nobel Prize.
B．Meldal’s original working field.
C．Meldal’s desire to understand the world.
D．Meldal’s study with Michigan State University.
34．What kind of people can be sorted as “polymaths” or “Renaissance”
A．People who only concentrated on just one field.
B．People who are committed lifelong to their career.
C．People who are equipped with various interests.
D．People who are admired for established achievements.
35．What’s the author’s attitude towards the Root-Bernsteins’ discovery
A．Tolerant. B．Cautious. C．Negative. D．Objective.
36．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．A Secret to Winning Top Prize
B．An Unbelievable Discovery
C．A Born Nobel Prize Winner
D．An Amazing Rise to Fame
【答案】33．B 34．C 35．D 36．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是Michele Root-Bernstein和Robert Root-Bernstein在《创造力研究杂志》上发表了他们的研究。他们说，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者可以被称为“博学多才”，或者“多才多艺”。
33．推理判断题。根据第一段的“When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world.”(在描述他的职业生涯时，Meldal说他最初是一名工程师，但后来改为化学，因为他“想了解这个世界”。)”和第二段的“They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful.(他们可能认为他们必须把工作和学习生活集中在一个领域才能成功。)”可知，学生们感到惊讶的是Meldal最初的工作领域。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据第二段的“They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case.(他们可能认为他们必须把工作和学习生活集中在一个领域才能成功。但密歇根州立大学教授的一项研究表明，情况并非总是如此。)”，第三段的“They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”, or “Renaissance”.(他们说，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者可以被称为“博学多才”，或者“多才多艺”。)”和第四段的“They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.(他们决定，当获奖者的学生获得诺贝尔奖时，他们从老师那里学到的一些东西是如何生活得有很多兴趣。)”可知，可以被归类为“博学多才”或“多才多艺”的人是有各种各样兴趣爱好的人。故选C。
35．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Having many interests, the Root-Bernsteins wrote, permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems.(Root-Bernstein夫妇写道，兴趣广泛使科学家能够寻找创造性的方法来解决问题。)”和倒数第二段的“The prize winners, the Root-Bernsteins said, transfer “skills, techniques and materials from one field to another.”(Root-Bernstein夫妇说，获奖者将“技能、技术和材料从一个领域转移到另一个领域”。)”可知，本文作者只是转述Root-Bernstein夫妇的发现，因此作者对于Root-Bernstein夫妇的发现持客观态度，故选D。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段的“Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal. They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”, or “Renaissance”.(Michele Root-Bernstein和Robert Root-Bernstein在《创造力研究杂志》上发表了他们的研究。他们说，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者可以被称为“博学多才”，或者“多才多艺”。)”可知，本文主要讲的是研究发现，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者是多才多艺的人，这可以说是获得诺贝尔奖的秘诀，因此本文最恰当的题目是A选项“A Secret to Winning Top Prize(赢得最高奖的秘密)”，故选A。
10.（23-24·浙江强基联盟·模拟）
Plastic is everywhere, from the Arctic ice to vital organs in the human body. In fact, previous estimates suggest that the average person swallows a credit card-worth of microscopic plastic particles(颗粒) every week. But new research shows that this could actually be an understatement.
Microplastics are plastics smaller than 5 millimeters, found in industrial waste, beauty products, and formed during the degradation of larger plastic pieces. Over time, they break down into even smaller nanoplastics. These tiny particles can pass through our intestines and lungs into our bloodstreams, reaching vital organs like the heart and brain.
While the idea of eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins(毒素) on their surface like heavy metals.
In the past, researchers have shown bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic fragments in a single container. However, until recently, only the larger microplastics were detectable with available measuring tools, leaving the area of nanoplastics largely a mystery.
Using Raman microscopy (显微镜学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240, 000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to 100 times larger than previous estimates.
These plastics likely originate from the bottle material, filters used to “purify” the water, and the source water itself. “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff, ” the study’s lead author, Columbia graduate student Naixin Qian, said in a statement. His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal, ” he added.
37．What is the primary focus of the new research
A．The presence of plastic particles. B．The use of plastic in everyday products.
C．The detection methods for microplastics. D．The potential risks of nanoplastics to human.
38．What is the advantage of Raman microscopy
A．Finding the source of plastic particles. B．Helping to cure the deadly flu virus.
C．Detecting the smaller plastic particles. D．Improving the quality of bottled water.
39．Why will the team expand their research into tap water
A．To focus on areas with higher plastic pollution.
B．To be aware of the dangerous particles in daily life.
C．To further measure the types of particles in tap water.
D．To detect the smaller plastic particles in industrial areas.
40．What is Qian’s attitude towards his research
A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Conservative. D．Positive.
【答案】37．D 38．C 39．B 40．D
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了一项新的研究揭示微塑料和纳米塑料对人体健康的潜在影响。
37．细节理解题。根据第三段“While the idea of eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins(毒素) on their surface like heavy metals.( 虽然吃塑料的想法本身就令人不安，但主要的担忧是，这些塑料颗粒含有的化学物质会中断我们身体自然释放的激素，可能会增加我们患生殖障碍和某些癌症的风险。它们的表面也会携带重金属等毒素。)” 可知，新研究的焦点是纳米塑料对人体可能造成的风险。故选D。
38．细节理解题。根据第五段“Using Raman microscopy (显微镜学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240, 000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to 100 times larger than previous estimates.(利用拉曼显微镜，能够检测到流感病毒大小的颗粒，研究小组测量到每升瓶装水中平均有24万个塑料颗粒，其中90%是纳米塑料，比之前估计的要大10到100倍。)”可知，拉曼显微镜学的优势是能够检测到非常小的塑料颗粒。故选C。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles.(他的团队希望将他们的研究扩展到自来水和其他水源，以更好地了解我们接触这些潜在危险颗粒的情况。)”可以推断出，研究小组将研究扩展到自来水等其他水源是为了让人们意识到在日常生活中面临的颗粒风险。故选B。
40．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Qian的话 “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff(发现这么多这种东西并不完全出乎意料) ” 及 “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal(我的想法是，东西越小，我揭示的东西就越多)” 可知他并不对发现大量微塑料感到完全意外，并且研究对象越小，揭示的就会越多，因此可以推断出Qian对他的研究持积极态度。故选D。2024年高考英语三轮复习冲刺：阅读理解说明文（浙江专用）
1.（2024·浙江嘉兴·二模）
It’s commonly acknowledged that our lives are ruled by algorithms (算法), but have we really collectively understood how they have transformed our culture and personality
In Filterworld: How algorithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues convincingly that the rise of algorithm-driven feeds, used everywhere online from Instagram to Spotify, has led to a more uniform culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly don’t belong to us, but to algorithms that are designed to keep people engaged at all costs. If the collection of our tastes truly shapes our entire personality, then this loss is more psychologically damaging than it first appears. Aimlessly scrolling (滚屏) through Netflix or TikTok may seem harmless, but over days, months or years, we lose touch with what we like and enjoy.
Taste-making algorithms are inescapable. Chayka shows this by working through all corners of life: what we wear(TikTok), where we eat(Google Maps), music we listen to(Spotify), even who we date or marry(Tinder). This universe of algorithm-driven decisions has society-wide implications: “It extends to influence our physical spaces, our cities, and the routes we move through…flattening them in turn.” No one gets out of the Filterworld untouched.
If you’re lucky enough not to need any sort of algorithm-based system for your work, then you have the option to step back from algorithms for a while. But if your friend suggests a film recommended on X/Twitter or you feel the need to buy those shoes suddenly everyone has started wearing after social media advertisements, what are you to do It all feels fruitless.
This Filterworld may be inescapable, but there is hope. You can start by engaging more with the media you do choose to consume. This could mean reading up about a film you watched or paying artists you like directly. Even the thoughtful act of recommending an album (专辑) to a friend is more rewarding than a random TikTok feed. As Chayka says, resistance to algorithms “requires an act of willpower, a choice to move through the world in a different way.”
1．What is Kyle Chayka’s opinion on algorithms
A．They improve our tastes. B．They make our culture more alike.
C．They help to identify our personality. D．They contribute to psychological problems.
2．What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 refer to
A．The society with advanced technology. B．The world without social media platforms.
C．The network of algorithm-driven decisions. D．The community free from algorithmic influence.
3．Which of the following is a way to resist the impact of algorithms
A．Limiting the use of social media platforms. B．Making choices based on friends’ suggestions.
C．Getting more involved with the selected media. D．Disconnecting from social media advertisements.
4．What is the best title for the text
A．Algorithms: Cultural Takeover B．The Secret of Algorithms
C．Social Media: Cultural Messenger D．The Rise of Digital Platforms
2.（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）
To build a prosperous (繁荣的) society, a fundamental understanding of the modern economy as a driving force in today’s world is essential.
What kind of prosperity have we achieved so far The widespread definition of prosperity focuses on economic power and growth as measures of success. Let’s take a look at history. The Second Industrial Revolution enabled mass production and created a sufficient supply of goods. This has greatly increased the importance of money in its role as “a store of value, ” and “a medium of exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued economic power as the only indicator of prosperity, such as GDP. Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified.
The path to a truly prosperous world requires a shift in focus towards the most suitable happiness for all, in addition to economic power. Defining happiness, however, is a complex task. What makes people happy The degree to which the same thing creates happiness differs from person to person. Happiness is subjective and complicated. This is a world of “multiple values” where each of us determines worth as opposed to “one fixed price” based merely on an economic perspective. Individuals shouldn’t be defined by a single identity or role but by multidimensional nature as well as multiple roles making independent choices and taking actions for their happiness in different aspects.
Businesses must be pioneers in pursuing not only economic growth but also the happiness of all citizens of society. Companies can contribute through the pursuit of social value as well as economic profit. At the heart of this lies “purpose”. A company’s purpose defines the value it brings to society. The true worth of a company should
be determined not just by the return s it creates for shareholders but by the value it creates for society as a whole.
5．What is the author’s attitude to the widely accepted standard of prosperity
A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Uncertain. D．Approving.
6．What is the side effect of technological evolution
A．The slower economic growth speed.
B．The sharp reduction of job opportunities.
C．The enlarged gap between the rich and the poor.
D．The increasing conflict between different nations.
7．Which statement will the author agree with according to the passage
A．Happiness is changeable and beyond control.
B．Happiness largely depends on economic power.
C．The pursuit of profit determines a company’s true worth.
D．A prosperous world should be measured by multiple values.
8．Who are the main intended readers of the text
A．Social psychologists. B．Enterprise administrators.
C．School educators. D．Technological researchers.
3.（2024·浙江台州·二模）
When instant cake mixes first appeared in the 1950s, American housewives were doubtful. These mixes, promising easy cake-baking, felt too easy. The manufacturers discovered that requiring the addition of an egg in the baking process was just enough to make the housewives happy with their work. The greater sense of effort gained from a little extra labor is believed to have been essential to the later success of the cake mix.
This reflects the IKEA effect (宜家效应), which is identified by psychologist Michael I. Norton and his colleagues, suggesting we place greater value on things we have worked to create. They conducted four studies in which they asked participants to fold paper cranes and frogs, assemble IKEA boxes, and build sets of Legos. They then asked the builders to bid (出价) for their creations, and compared the prices with bids from people who hadn’t built them. The builders consistently outbid the non-builders.
Interestingly, the IKEA effect works even when people have no opportunity to fully personalize their creations. While most participants’ folding skills left much to be desired, they loved their imperfectly personalized
products all the more. Builders valued their wrinkled crane-like creations nearly five times as much as non-builders. Beauty, it seems, is in the eye of the builder.
Today, as cities are suffering from severe housing crises, the IKEA effect can give us insight into the well-being benefits of a self-building approach to housing development. Projects like WikiHouse and the “half-a-house” approach pioneered by Alejandro Aravena’s architecture company Elemental are working to make housing more affordable and sustainable by making it easier for people to build and personalize their own homes.
“The moment people are involved with their built environment, they have a totally different relationship to it,” WikiHouse co-founder Alastair Parvin explained. “When the roof starts leaking or a door starts creaking, they have the power to fix it themselves.”
9．What brought customers the joy of cake-baking according to paragraph 1
A．A better taste. B．An easy approach.
C．A detailed recipe. D．An additional effort.
10．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply
A．Creations are based on skills. B．Extra labor increases perceived value.
C．Beauty is found through contrast. D．Strict management brings good quality.
11．What is Alastair Parvin’s attitude towards public involvement in housing
A．Critical. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.
12．What’s the purpose of this text
A．To promote a brand. B．To make a proposal.
C．To explain a concept. D．To introduce a study.
4.（2024·浙江湖州、丽水、衢州·二模）
US Army veteran (退伍老兵) Mazyck remembers when doctors told her she would never walk again. She’d been paralyzed from the waist down after a serious accident while parachuting in 2003.The doctors never said anything about floating, though. In 2021,she got to do just that.
Mazyck was one of 12 participants in a Zero G flight, organized by the group AstroAccess. This type of flight recreates the weightlessness that astronauts experience without going all the way to space. Flying over the Pacific Ocean off Southern California, the modified 747 jet airplane made 15 steep dives and climbs, allowing the flyers multiple periods of weightlessness.
The experience left Mazyck feeling joyful. “The flight was something that I would have never in my wildest dreams thought I would’ve experienced,” she says, “especially the floating, the weightlessness.”
Traditionally, strict physical requirements have prevented disabled people from becoming astronauts. AstroAccess is working to make space accessible to all. “Space removes the barriers between people; now is the time to remove the barriers to space itself,” says Mazyck, “It is sending a message to people who have historically been excluded from STEM that not only is there room for you in space, there is a need for you.”
During the flight, she says, the participants did experiments and made observations. They took note of things that people without certain disabilities might not realize are issues. For example, people who couldn’t grip with their legs needed another way to hold themselves still while weightless. The group also experimented with signaling lights for the deaf and with ways of using braille (盲文) for the blind.
These types of issues are easy enough to address. Now is the time to make space accessible — before space tourism or space settlements become commonplace. “I am so proud and elated about what’s happening here,” Mazyck adds. “We are paving the way for the future.”
13．What do we know about AstroAccess
A．It redesigns jet airplanes. B．It offers weightlessness experience.
C．It provides physical treatment. D．It trains the disabled to be astronauts.
14．What is required in the flights for the participants
A．Astronaut experience. B．Steep dives and climbs.
C．Weightlessness periods. D．Trials and observations.
15．Which of the following words can best describe Mazyck
A．Generous and determined. B．Caring and persistent.
C．Courageous and optimistic. D．Ambitious and innovative.
16．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Paving the Way for the Future B．Disabled Americans Make It to Space
C．Making Space a Place for Everyone D．US Veterans Experience Zero G Flight
5.（2024·浙江杭州·二模）
Education in 2080 is distinctive from education in the 2020s. Until about 2035, the main function of education systems was to supply the economy with the next generation of workers. In 2080, the purpose of education is the
well-being of society and all its members. To make this a bit more tangible for you, I would like to give an example of what a child’s education looks like in 2080. Her name is Shemsy. Shemsy is 13, and she is confident and loves learning.
Shemsy does not go to school in the morning because schools as you know them no longer exist. The institution was abolished as it was widely thought of as more like a prison or a factory than a creative learning environment. Schools have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are not restricted to certain ages. They are where intergenerational learning happens, in line with the belief that learning is a lifelong pursuit.
Every year, Shemsy designs her learning journey for the year with a highly attentive “teacher-citizen”. Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her education and has to propose projects she would like to be involved in to contribute to and serve her community. She also spends lots of time playing as the role of play in learning has finally been recognized as essential and core to our humanity. Shemsy works a lot collaboratively. Access to education is universal, and higher education institutions no longer differentiate themselves by how many people they reject yearly. Variability between students is expected and leveraged (利用) as young people teach one another and use their differences as a source of strength. Shemsy naturally explores what she is curious about at a pace she sets. She still has some classes to take that are mandatory for children globally: Being Human and the History of Humanity.
We invite you to think about your vision for education in the year 2080, what does it look like, who does it serve,and how does it transform our societies
17．What does paragraph 1 mainly tell us
A．There are different types of education.
B．The present education needs improvements.
C．Education and economy are closely associated.
D．The goal of future education is fundamentally different.
18．What do we know about the Learning Hub that Shemsy goes to
A．It accepts students of all ages. B．It promotes competition.
C．It discourages individualized learning. D．It is all about play-based learning.
19．What does the underlined word “mandatory” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Tough. B．Satisfactory. C．Optional. D．Required.
20．What is the suitable title for the text
A．An Example to All B．A Vision for Education
C．A Challenge for Education D．A Journey into the Future
6.（2024·浙江金丽衢十二校联考·二模）
The maker of ChatGPT recently announced its next move into generative artificial intelligence. San Francisco-based OpenAI’s new text-to-video generator, called Sora, is a tool that instantly makes short videos based on written commands, called prompts.
Sora is not the first of its kind. Google, Meta and Runway ML are among the other companies to have developed similar technology. But the high quality of videos displayed by OpenAI — some released after CEO Sam Altman asked social media users to send in ideas for written prompts-surprised observers.
A photographer from New Hampshire posted one suggestion, or prompt, on X. The prompt gave details about a kind of food to be cooked, gnocchi (意大利团子), as well as the setting — an old Italian country kitchen. The prompt said: “An instructional cooking session for homemade gnocchi, hosted by a grandmother — a social media influencer, set in a rustic (土气的) Tuscan country kitchen.” Altman answered a short time later with a realistic video that showed what the prompt described.
The tool is not yet publicly available. OpenAI has given limited information about how it was built. The company also has not stated what imagery and video sources were used to train Sora. At the same time, the video results led to fears about the possible ethical and societal effects.
The New York Times and some writers have taken legal actions against OpenAI for its use of copyrighted works of writing to train ChatGPT. And OpenAI pays a fee to The Associated Press, the source of this report, to license its text news archive (档案) . OpenAI said in a blog post that it is communicating with artists, policymakers and others before releasing the new tool to the public.
The company added that it is working with “red teamers” — people who try to find problems and give helpful suggestions — to develop Sora. “We are working with red teamers-express in areas like misinformation, hateful content, and bias — who will be adversarially testing the model,” the company said. “We’re also building tools to help detect misleading content such as a detection classifier that can tell when a video was generated by Sora.”
21．What makes Sora impressive
A．Its extraordinary video quality. B．Its ethical and societal influence.
C．Its artificial intelligence history. D．Its written commands and prompts.
22．What can we infer from the text
A．Some disagreements over Sora have arisen.
B．Sora is the first text-to-video generator in history.
C．OpenAI CEO Altman wrote a prompt as an example.
D．All the details about how Sora was built have been shared.
23．What is the main idea of Paragraph 6
A．The company’s current challenge.
B．The company’s advanced technology.
C．The company’s problems in management.
D．The company’s efforts for Sora’s improvement.
24．What is the author’s attitude towards Sora
A．Neutral. B．Optimistic. C．Pessimistic. D．Cautious.
7.（2024·浙江温州·二模）
Bonobos often form friendly relationships with other bonobo s in separate social groups — the first time this has been seen in non-human primates (灵长类). This is in line with humans, but in contrast to chimpanzees, another primate, which frequently kill chimps in other groups. The findings challenge the idea that humans evolved (进化) from violent apes, says Surbeck at Harvard University. “This potential to form cooperative links between different groups is not uniquely human and it might have occurred earlier than we thought,” he says.
Many animals cooperate, but they seem to do so only with those within their social circle, or in-group. Hostile (敌对的 ) interactions between groups are common among animals, including chimpanzees, so scientists have often assumed that hostility towards other social groups in humans is natural, says Samuni, also at Harvard. However, humans also often cooperate with people in different social circles, for example, by trading or teaching.
Bonobos are one of our closest living relatives. They are less studied than chimpanzees, but are known to be more peaceful, says Surbeck. To learn more about interactions between groups, Surbeck and Samuni observed 31 adult bonobo s from two social groups in Congo over a two-year period. The pair documented 95 encounters between the groups, which represented about 20% of their total observation time. Unlike chimpanzees observed in previous studies, they showed cooperation with out-group members. In fact,10% of all mutual grooming (梳毛) and 6% of all food sharing occurred among members of different social groups.
While bonobo s that groomed others usually got an immediate benefit, food sharing rarely resulted in a gift in return. This suggests that their actions were “not just motivated by selfish interests or immediate rewards”, Surbeck and Samuni report.
Otten, a researcher from the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea of human exceptionalism” with regard to out-group cooperation. Otten says the bonobo s that were most cooperative within their groups were the same ones that cooperated more with out-group members. This agrees with findings from humans. “Scholars used to believe that in-group ‘love’ goes together with out-group ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that often in-group cooperators are also out-group cooperators,” he says.
25．What is the focus of the study on bonobos
A．Their social behavior. B．Their survival skills.
C．Their evolutionary process. D．Their intelligence level.
26．What can be learnt about the bonobos
A．They are humans’ closest relatives. B．They can be taught to cooperate.
C．They interact friendly beyond groups. D．They share food for immediate rewards.
27．How was the study conducted
A．By comparing different primates. B．By observing bonobos’ interactions.
C．By listing group members’ motivations. D．By analysing statistics of previous studies.
28．How does Otten find the study
A．Forward-looking. B．Groundbreaking.
C．Controversial. D．One-sided.
8.（2024·浙江宁波·二模）
One of the earliest forms of writing which is still being used today is Chinese characters, or hanzi. The image that many people have of Chinese characters is that they are all pictograms, but this is far from the case because pictograms have very limited use. Simple pictograms might be practical, for example, if one is making a shopping list of items to buy at the store, but they are fairly useless if one is writing something more complex or abstract. So it is a mistake to assume that written Chinese is a “picture language”．
Besides pictograms, there are simple ideograms. These are characters which provide an abstract picture of an idea, but in an often easily recognizable form. For example, “up” is “上” while “down” is “下”. While the
meanings of many ideograms are not this easy to work out, they tend to be simple, easy-to-remember characters which are commonly used.
Next we have a common category of hanzi: compound characters. These are where elements of two or more characters are combined in one character for a new meaning. Some of these are easy to understand. In many cases, however, the meanings of compound characters are more difficult to work out.
Phonetic loan characters are the characters which started out as pictograms. However, they were often used to mean other words that had the same pronunciation. A good example of this is “目”. While it can be used in modern Chinese with the meaning “eye”, it is most often used to mean “an item on a list”. The reason was that Chinese had a word for “an item on a list” but lacked a character for it, so the word took the character “目”, a character with the same pronunciation.
A final category of Chinese characters is by far the most common. These are phonetic-semantic characters. With phonetic-semantic characters, one element of each character gives a clue to the pronunciation, while the other gives a clue to the meaning.
Over the centuries, Chinese characters have continually been developed, with a trend towards the simple and more abstract. It was thought that the complexity of some Chinese characters was keeping people from being able to learn them. Thus, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Chinese government rolled out simplified Chinese characters.
29．Why are pictograms sometimes not practical for use in a writing system
A．They are only available for shopping.
B．They are too complex for people to learn.
C．They cannot convey abstract ideas very well.
D．They are quite complicated and difficult to write.
30．What do we know about compound characters according to the passage
A．They are drawings of objects used in a writing system.
B．They are characters which use elements of two or more characters.
C．They are characters used in a writing system to convey abstract concepts.
D．They are characters which give clues to both the meaning and pronunciation.
31．Which of the following categories does the character “模” belong to
A．Pictograms. B．Phonetic loan characters.
C．Ideograms. D．Phonetic-semantic characters.
32．What would be the benefit of simplifying Chinese characters according to the passage
A．Creating a standard character set for China.
B．Visualizing the image of Chinese characters.
C．Popularizing the use of Chinese characters.
D．Reproducing a high-grade character for calligraphy.
9.（2024·浙江金丽衢十二校二模）
One of the winners of this year’s Nobel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Morten Meldal. When describing his career, Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world.”
Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students. They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful. But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case.
Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal. They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths”, or “Renaissance”.
The writers looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students. They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes, some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests. They are, in a way, learning how to be creative.
Having many interests, the Root-Bernsteins wrote, permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems. In fact, one important part of science is not discovering answers, but recognizing problems that need to be solved.
The prize winners, the Root-Bernsteins said, transfer “skills, techniques and materials from one field to another.” They said Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in medicine in 1912 by using techniques he learned from the clothing business. He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in operations to put new organs into people’s bodies.
The Michigan State professors study creativity. They found Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood, metal or in the arts than most scientists. The Michigan State researchers say that unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up some of their outside interests, Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity.
33．What comes as a surprise to students according to the passage
A．Meldal’s winning Nobel Prize.
B．Meldal’s original working field.
C．Meldal’s desire to understand the world.
D．Meldal’s study with Michigan State University.
34．What kind of people can be sorted as “polymaths” or “Renaissance”
A．People who only concentrated on just one field.
B．People who are committed lifelong to their career.
C．People who are equipped with various interests.
D．People who are admired for established achievements.
35．What’s the author’s attitude towards the Root-Bernsteins’ discovery
A．Tolerant. B．Cautious. C．Negative. D．Objective.
36．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A．A Secret to Winning Top Prize
B．An Unbelievable Discovery
C．A Born Nobel Prize Winner
D．An Amazing Rise to Fame
10.（23-24·浙江强基联盟·模拟）
Plastic is everywhere, from the Arctic ice to vital organs in the human body. In fact, previous estimates suggest that the average person swallows a credit card-worth of microscopic plastic particles(颗粒) every week. But new research shows that this could actually be an understatement.
Microplastics are plastics smaller than 5 millimeters, found in industrial waste, beauty products, and formed during the degradation of larger plastic pieces. Over time, they break down into even smaller nanoplastics. These tiny particles can pass through our intestines and lungs into our bloodstreams, reaching vital organs like the heart and brain.
While the idea of eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the major concern here is that these plastic particles contain chemicals that can interrupt our body’s natural release of hormones, potentially increasing our risk of reproductive disorders and certain cancers. They can also carry toxins(毒素) on their surface like heavy metals.
In the past, researchers have shown bottled water can contain tens of thousands of identifiable plastic fragments in a single container. However, until recently, only the larger microplastics were detectable with available measuring tools, leaving the area of nanoplastics largely a mystery.
Using Raman microscopy (显微镜学), capable of detecting particles down to the size of a flu virus, the team measured an average of 240, 000 particles of plastic per liter of bottled water, 90 percent of which were nanoplastics, a revelation 10 to 100 times larger than previous estimates.
These plastics likely originate from the bottle material, filters used to “purify” the water, and the source water itself. “It is not totally unexpected to find so much of this stuff, ” the study’s lead author, Columbia graduate student Naixin Qian, said in a statement. His team hopes to expand their research into tap water and other water sources to better inform our exposure to these potentially dangerous particles. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the more of them I reveal, ” he added.
37．What is the primary focus of the new research
A．The presence of plastic particles. B．The use of plastic in everyday products.
C．The detection methods for microplastics. D．The potential risks of nanoplastics to human.
38．What is the advantage of Raman microscopy
A．Finding the source of plastic particles. B．Helping to cure the deadly flu virus.
C．Detecting the smaller plastic particles. D．Improving the quality of bottled water.
39．Why will the team expand their research into tap water
A．To focus on areas with higher plastic pollution.
B．To be aware of the dangerous particles in daily life.
C．To further measure the types of particles in tap water.
D．To detect the smaller plastic particles in industrial areas.
40．What is Qian’s attitude towards his research
A．Skeptical. B．Objective. C．Conservative. D．Positive.
