短文语法填空
Passage 1
（2024· 浙江杭州一模试题）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
It seems that on every street corner in the world, there is a fast-food restaurant. People everywhere are busy, 36 they do not want to wait for their food. Around the world, $240 billion a year 37 (spend) on fast food. Yet, even though fast food has become quite popular, there are many myths about it.
The first myth is that fast food is a recent 38 (invent). This is not true. 39 (many) than 2,000 years ago, the people of Rome lined up in the street to buy quick 40 (meal) at small stands. One type of their most popular fast food looked a lot 41 a modern hamburger. All through history, people have always eaten fast food.
The second myth is that all fast food is American. While many modern fast-food restaurants are American, some very 42 (tradition) Chinese food is nearly fast food. This includes mantou, noodles and Chinese dumplings. In fact, one of the most popular fast-food chains (连锁店) in the USA 43 (be) a Chinese food chain, Panda Express. It has more than 1,600 restaurants in America.
Finally, many people think that fast food is always bad for them. This is true for a lot of fast food. 44 , nearly every fast-food restaurant has some healthy food on its menu, and some fast-food restaurants only make healthy food. The problem is not fast food, but the choices we make. We can choose 45 (eat) healthy food, even at fast-food restaurants.
Passage 2
中华文化—甲骨文里的灿烂文明。
How do we know about things that happened thousands of years ago, when there were no videos or photos One answer is written records. The earliest written records of Chinese civilization (文明) are known 1._________ oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文).
More than 3,000 years ago, people in the Shang Dynasty (16th – 11th century BC) 2.__________(like) to ask fortune tellers (占卜师) about the future. For example, what will the weather be like next week Where should I go to make money Will my wife give birth to a boy or a girl From work to love, people asked questions about many topics. The fortune teller would write the question on 3.___________oracle bone, heat it up, and then read the cracks (裂纹) in it 4.__________ (find )an answer.
Tens of thousands of oracle bones have been found so far. They can tell us a great deal about how people lived during the Shang Dynasty. “They help us understand the origins of Chinese philosophy (哲学) and thought, and figure out 5.__________ our culture comes from,” Song Zhenhao, a leading oracle bone expert.
In addition to telling us about ancient Chinese culture, the oracle bones are also key to 6._________(understand) the growth and 7____________(develop) of the written form of the Chinese language. Many of the characters we use today are similar to those that 8.__________(use)3,000 years ago. “The oracle bone inscriptions, as the earliest-known mature (成熟的) form of Chinese characters, represent the beauty and uniqueness of a language 9.________ has been passed down consistently (持续地),” said Chen Nan, a professor at Tsinghua University.
In 2017, UNESCO added oracle bone inscriptions to its Memory of the World Register (“世界记忆”名录). They are indeed a 10.___________(value) memory of ancient China.
Passage 3
中国传统节日——惊蛰：百虫苏醒之时。
The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Jingzhe (惊蛰), or Awakening of Insects, falls on March 5 and 1. __________ (end) on March 20 this year.
During the solar term, the weather will get warmer and there will be more rainfall. 2.___________(It) name refers to the awakening of animals sleeping in winter by spring thunder and everything beginning to come back to life. In ancient times, people 3. ___________(believe) that the sound of thunder awakened insects, which was common during this time. Modern 4.___________(science) studies have shown that insects wake up because 5.__________the warm weather and moist soil (潮湿的土壤).
Jingzhe is 6._________important time for farmers. Old Chinese sayings such as “once Jingzhe comes, spring plowing (春耕) never rests” show the 7___________ (important) of this solar term to farmers. During this time, most parts of China experience fast-rising temperatures, with more sunshine. Thus the best conditions for farming activities 8.__________ (provide) by these .
It is popular for people _____________(eat)pears around this time in China. According to ideas of traditional Chinese medicine, the sweet and juicy pear is good for the lungs as the air becomes dry. This is very good for 10.____________(people) health when people experience parched (干裂的) mouths and dry tongues due to the changing weather.
Passage 4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2024· 浙江宁波二模试题）
What do Chinese young people think of the idea of filial piety (孝道) Li Hua, 25, Guizhou
We have a saying that “filial piety is the first of the hundred virtues (百善孝为先)”. So you know how 51 (importance) it is for the Chinese to respect and take care of their parents.
My mom 52 (set) a good example for me, too. Every week she goes to visit her mom 53 takes care of her. Then I got the idea to care for my mom as well.
In my opinion, filial piety is 54 natural thing. Our parents do so many things for us. It’s natural that we feel thankful and want 55 (pay) them back. As teenagers, filial piety may just mean not always arguing with parents, and trying to make them happy by behaving well.Wang Lining, 14, Shanxi
In China, many schools have 56 (activity) to promote filial piety, such as cooking for parents, helping wash their feet or writing a “thank you card”. By doing these things we develop 57 (deep) love for our parents than before!
Confucius believed 58 only if everyone is good to their parents can they be good to other people. Then there won’t be many fights. Then we could bring peace to the world. I think this is a great idea. It means that filial piety is about 59 (love) not only your parents but also everyone!
So I think we all should try 60 (we) best to be good to our parents. Be there for them when they feel lonely. Help them with housework. Give money to them when they need it. These are all actions of the greatest kindness.
Passage 5
宋·朱熹的诗歌欣赏——观书有感。
观书有感
(宋·朱熹)
半亩方塘一鉴开，
天光云影共徘徊。
问渠那得清如许？
为有源头活水来。
The Book
(By Zhu Xi)
There lies a glassy oblong pool,
Where light and shade pursue their course.
How can it be so clear and cool
For water comes fresh from the source.
(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
Reading can be helpful in different ways. Song Dynasty poet Zhu Xi (1130-1200) uses the metaphor (比喻) of flowing water (流水) in the poem The Book. He wants _____1____(tell) readers that reading is important, in order to improve oneself. Only by____2_____ (read), can people take in new knowledge in order to make progress. So he hopes people could get past being lazy while reading in order to make their minds as_____3____ (clear) as a pool of water.
The poem begins with a picture of ______4____ square pond, half an acre in size. The poet goes into descriptive detail about how the pond reflects the sky and the clouds, creating a ____5_____(peace) and quiet environment. The tranquil pool of water serves as a mirror, reflecting the world around it.
The question comes up, “how can it be so pure and clear ” The answer hidden in this poem ___6______(lie) in the last line. The pond’s clarity（清澈） and freshness are due to the source of live water（活水） _____7____runs into it.
The “live water” and the pool is a smart metaphor which _____8____ ( used) by Zhu Xi to explain the _____9________(important) of original and authentic knowledge for clarity of mind. The pool symbolizes the mind of a reader, while the live water represents the continual influx （涌入）of knowledge.
The poem concludes with the message that as long as one continuously seeks out（寻求） fresh and original knowledge, ____10______(they)mind, like the pond, can remain clear and untainted. That’s the poet's attitude towards life and learning. Learning is about constantly absorbing new things to maintain their progress and vitality（活力）.
That’s the wisdom Zhu Xi shares with us in “Book”
Passage 6
（2024· 深圳33校联考一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
29-year-old Yang Xu has taken up a new hobby: seal carving (篆刻), and has been taking classes at a local night school. “I used 36 (spend) my free time staring at my smartphone,” Yang said.
“Now, I spend one and a half 37 (hour) at the seal cutting class every day, finding achievement and peace in it.”
Night classes were very popular in the 1980s, when many young Chinese people were learning new skills to make 38 living. Today, these classes are becoming popular again among young people, though they now serve the purpose 39 enriching cultural needs.
The night art school Yang attends 40 (set) up by the local government in 2016. For those 41 are interested, the school provides twelve 90-minute classes at a cost of 500 yuan. On average, the price for each hour of class is 42 (near) the same as a bubble tea.
Before the night school was opened, young people had trouble 43 (find) classes in traditional art. Today, the night school provides all these classes at a reasonable price, taught by 44 (celebrate) teachers and artists.
For many young people, night classes are an escape from the busy city life. “The stress in city creates a lot of worries,” Yang said. “People need a place to rest 45 (they) minds, and night art classes can be that one.”
Passage 7
（2024· 深圳罗浮区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空格中填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。
Once there was a man who had four sons. The sons never stopped quarreling 36 one another. He was always telling them how much easier life would be if they worked together, but they 37 (take) absolutely no notice of him. One day he decided 38 (show) them what he meant. He called all the sons together and put a tightly tied bundle (捆) of sticks on the floor in front of them.
“Can you break that ” he asked the 39 (young) son. The boy put his knee on the bundle but though he pressed and pulled with 40 (he) arms he could not bend the wood. The father asked each son in turn to try to break the bundle, but none of them could do it.
Then he untied 41 string and scattered (打散) the sticks.
“Now try,” he said. The boys broke the sticks in their 42 (hand) easily.
“Do you see 43 I mean ” asked the father, “if you stand together, you can not 44 (hurt) by anyone. If you all disagree the whole time and insist (坚持) on going your ways 45 (separate), the first enemy you meet will be able to destroy you.” United we stand, divided we fall.
Passage 8
（2024· 深圳南山区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷规定的位置上。
One day, the great thinker Mengzi visited Liang Hui Wang, the ruler of the Liang State during the Warring States Period in ancient China, from 371-335 BCE. The ruler said, “I care for my people. If the 36 (crop) fail to grow in the south, I move the people to the north. If there is a bad harvest in the north, I move the people south. The rulers of other states are not 37 me. They don’t help them when they are hungry. Why do my people run away 38 the number of people in their states is growing ”
“My lord, let me use the battlefield (战场) to show you. There is fighting and one side is winning. The soldiers on the losing side begin to run away because they 39 (not want) to get captured. A fast soldier runs 100 steps and a slower one runs 50 steps. When the soldier 40 (run) 50 steps looks ahead, seeing the soldiers with100 steps, he laughs at the faster soldier and calls him a coward. Do you think it’s right for the slower soldier 41 (judge) the other ”
“No. The slower one is no 42 (good) as he is not doing anything 43 (different).”
“Exactly. And you are also right about the other rulers. They may not care for their people during hard times 44 way you do. But you send your people into battle all the time. When you do this, you are not caring for your people, either. One hundred steps should not 45 (laugh) at by fifty steps.”
Passage 9
（2024· 深圳坪山区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
As one of Guangdong’s intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) representatives, Guangzhou Dim Sum Brunch (早茶) is a long-standing custom that has been passed down 36 hundreds of years. These delicious foods are now available for 37 (we) to taste in Guangzhou’s streets.
People in Guangzhou particularly enjoy drinking tea. 38 they greet each other, they often ask, “How about drinking tea ” Why then do people in Guangzhou have such a strong preference for tea In Guangzhou, tea focuses on both tea and dim sum (点心). More 39 (important), drinking tea has developed into a cultural pastime for socializing and gatherings, acting as a bridge for communication in people’s 40 (day) lives. It is said that Guangzhou Dim Sum Brunch originated from old neighborhoods in Guangzhou. The earliest tea drinking places 41 (call) “Erli Pavilion”. Every day before 42 (start) work, people would go to small tea houses and spend two cents to enjoy 43 cup of tea and two dim sum, which are good and cheap.
In 2023, the custom of Guangzhou Dim Sum Brunch was included in the 44 (eight) Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage List of the People’s Government of Guangdong Province. Since then, this traditional culture 45 (become) the best symbol of outlining the city’s style and cultural charm.
Passage 10
（2024· 深圳南山外国语教育集团区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the modern world, when you need to write a letter or a report for work or school, you possibly first move toward the computer. Now, most people reach out for 36 (keyboard) way faster than they pick up their pens. But Mrs. Larry, a teacher in a British primary school, is taking a different road. She says that handwriting 37 (be) still an important skill, so she requires her students to write not only by hand but also 38 old-fashioned fountain pens.
Fountain pens 39 (use) in schools long ago and have been more popular recently because they are refillable (可填充的). Today, a writer may 40 (simple) throw an empty pen away and get 41 new one.
So far, Mrs. Larry has been satisfied with the results of her experiment. She shows that her students are paying more attention to their work, and their self-confidence has improved as well. She is pleased with the 42 (improve) she sees in her students’ writing 43 in her own writing. She knows that computers are here 44 (stay) and that they will not disappear. However, she believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of 45 (they).
Passage 11
（2024· 江苏昆山市一模试题）
认真阅读下面短文，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dreams are often mysterious (神秘的). One day, a man named Zhuang Zhou had 53 interesting dream. He dreamed of becoming a beautiful butterfly. Flying around, he could do anything he wanted. How happy 54 free he was! He forgot that he was a man. Then he 55 (wake) up from his dream and found he was a man. “Who am I, indeed (到底) ” he asked 56 (he). “Am I Zhuang Zhou or the butterfly ” Finally, he said, “Maybe I am a butterfly. In my dream, I became a man and my name was Zhuang Zhou.”
Zhuang Zhou lived 57 (much) than 2, 000 years ago. We also call him Zhuang Zi. Zhuang Zi loved nature and freedom. He thought that people and animals should 58 (treat) equally (平等地). There are many interesting 59 (story) about him and animals. Once, Zhuang Zi and his friend 60 (be) taking a walk along the river. After a while, Zhuang Zi said, “Look 61 the fish! How happy they are!” His friend asked him, “You are not a fish. How do you know they are happy ” Zhuang Zi smiled, “But you are not me. How do you know that I don’t know the 62 (fish) feeling ” Is Zhuang Zi’s question a difficult one What do you think he was—a man or a butterfly
Passage 12
（2024· 江苏常州一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处按要求填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。每空1个单词。
Mum, I promised to write, so…We’re staying with Lucy’s uncle in Hunan Province, and I’m having a 43 (wonder) time here in Zhangjiajie. It’s a magic land of mountains, forests and rivers. It’s very large, about 480 square kilometres. It’s famous 44 (介词) the strange shape of its tall rocks. Some of 45 (they) look like humans, and others look like wild animals.
Last night we 46 (camp) by a small lake. During the night, we heard a noise! It woke everybody up. We thought somebody was moving about. Lucy’s uncle said it was 47 (冠词) animal. We came out without 48 (make) any noise, and found it was just a hungry monkey looking for food. This morning, we climbed Mount Tianzi! From the top we hoped to see the lakes and forests. 49 (连词) it was a pity that it was cloudy. We could only see the mountain tops above the clouds. I pulled a leaf off a plant, but Lucy’s uncle said that it was wrong to pull 50 (leaf) off plants and that we should protect everything here. I was very sorry.
Tomorrow we’re going to Dongting Lake, the second 51 (large) freshwater lake in China. We’ll 52 (be) back home next week! Wish you were here!
Passage 13
（2024·山东滨州一模试题）
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
A short film 71 (call) How Erjiu Cured My Mental Friction after Being Back in the Village for Three Days 《回村三天，二舅治好了我的精神内耗》 became one of the 72 (popular) videos in China. It tells a story of a (n) 73 (able) man. His nephew, Mr. Tang, made the film during a three-day visit to Erjiu’s home.
Erjiu used to be the smartest kid in school. He always got top grades. However, an unexpected 74 (ill) changed his life. He had a high fever and he 75 (walk) any more. Feeling upset, he 76 (not return) to school. After a really hard time, Erjiu started a new life. He learned carpentry (木工手艺) and used the skill 77 (support) himself and his family.
Erjiu is now a full-time carer for his mother and a handyman (勤杂工) in the village. He is always ready to help villagers repair 78 (they) broken things such as tables, radios, door locks, or toys for children.
Although there were many difficulties along the way, Erjiu said he never felt sorry for himself. He found a sentence in a book many years ago: “Be determined (决心) and not afraid of sacrifice (牺牲) to overcome all difficulties and win the final success.”
Erjiu’s spirit touched many people. He faced difficulties with positive attitude (态度), and he solved problems with his wisdom. He never complained (抱怨) the 79 (unfair). The story encouraged millions of people to face difficulties in life 80 (brave).
Passage 14
（2024·河北石家庄一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词 (有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式)。
As a reporter, I have been looking for valuable school news. Last term, my school 71 (ask) students to collect herbs (草药) and had a show on Chinese medicine. I thought it was 72 interesting topic. So I decided to interview some students to know how they collected herbs. I also interviewed teachers to learn 73 why our school wanted to have this activity.
74 (one), the whole process lasted for two 75 (month) from choosing the topic to interviewing and writing.
Then I learned 76 to write an excellent news report through the experience. By talking to people, I got lots of first-hand information 77 (quick). It made my story more attractive.
I feel proud of 78 (I). I’m also happy to meet so many great 79 (report) at Teens. It’s much 80 (easy) to make progress when you’re with good people. If you love writing and interviewing people, come and join us!
Passage 15
（2024· 河北石家庄长安区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。
Life is not easy to most people, so when anything happens, be sure to believe in yourself. When I was young, I was 41 nervous that it was hard for me to talk to anyone. My classmates often 42 (laugh) at me. Then I felt very frustrated.
I was 43 (real) sad but could do nothing. Later, something happened, which changed my life. It was 44 English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part 45 it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to speak in front of all the teachers and students of my school!
“Come on, boy. You should believe in yourself. You are sure to win.” mother said to me.
Then, mother and I talked about many different topics. At last, I 46 (choose) the topic “Believe in yourself”. I tried my 47 (good) to remember all the speech and practiced it over a hundred times. With my mother’s great help, I felt 48 (relax) and did well in the contest. I could hardly believe my ears when the news came that I had won the 49 (one) prize.
Since then, things have changed for me. No matter what I do, I try to tell 50 (me) to be confident and I will find myself. This is true not only for me but also for everybody, I think.
Passage 16
（2024· 湖南常德一模试题）
阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（1个或几个单词）使句子通顺正确。
There is an old Chinese woman doing kung fu in a video online. She is 26 medium height with grey hair. Her name is Zhang Hexian and people call her kung fu Grandma. Now she is 27 (get) popular not only in China but also in other countries.
Zhang started to do kung fu when she 28 (be) only 5 years old. “I practiced every day when I was young. I worked so hard. Now I’m old, but I still think kung fu is 29 exciting thing,” she says. Zhang has three sons and a daughter. 30 don’t live with her, but often visit her with some lovely gifts.
Zhang’s daily life is simple 31 healthy. She gets up at 5 a.m. and cooks by herself every day. Seafood is her favorite. Zhang’s house is on a hillside (山坡) , so she 32 (have) to climb the hill when she goes out.
A primary school set up a kung fu class 3 years ago. Kung fu Grandma Zhang volunteered to teach the 33 (child) kung fu there. The students feel 34 (luck) to have Zhang as their kung fu teacher. “It’s important for young people 35 (learn) Chinese kung fu and the spirit behind it.”, she says.
Passage 17
（2024· 吉林长春绿园区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
The elephant-foot drum is a classic musical instrument of the Dai people. The drum-making skill 72 (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2011.
The elephant-foot drum dance is very popular with the Dai people. It is often performed during festivals. And it is 73 way for the Dai people to show their joy as well as their village culture.
Xie Wenping, 32, used to learn how to make a drum from his grandfather 74 made elephant-foot drums for a living. “At a young age, I decided to make more and 75 (good) drums,” Xie said.
While elephant-foot drums carry great cultural 76 (important), making an elephant-foot drum is no easy task. “It takes about thirty 77 (step),” Xie explained.
The repetition (重复) of the work might not be 78 (excite), but whenever Xie sees his grandfather’s smile while making the drum, he feels encouraged again. “Over the years the number of people skilled in making elephant-foot drums 79 (go) down,” Xie said. “I feel like it’s my responsibility to carry it on.”
Xie is creative in the form of the drum. To make 80 easier for the elephant-foot drum to spread to places outside Yunnan, Xie came up 81 the idea of making a mini version (版本) of the drum and designed (设计) key chains shaped like the elephant-foot drum.
Passage 18
（2024· 山东济南东片区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Young people are often unhappy when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don’t understand them. They often think their parents 46 (be) too strict with them.
Parents often find it difficult to win their 47 (children) trust, and they seem to forget how they 48 (them) felt when they were young.
For example, young people like to do things without much thinking. It’s one of their ways to show that they grow up and they can solve any difficult problems. But older people always think 49 (much) than young people. Most of them plan things ahead and don’t like their plans to 50 (change), so when you want your parents to let you do something, you will 51 (success) easily if you ask before you really start doing it.
Young people often make their parents 52 (angrily) by the clothes they wear, the music they enjoy and something else. But they don’t mean to cause any trouble. They just want to be cut off (摆脱) from the old people’s world and they are trying to make 53 new culture of their own. And 54 their parents don’t like their music or clothes or their ways of speech, the young people will feel very sad. Sometimes instead of going out with their parents, they just want to stay 55 home alone and do what they like.
If you plan to do something, you’d better win your parents over and get them to understand you. If so, your parents will certainly let you do what you want to do.
Passage 19
（2024· 山东济南历下区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s hard to spend enough time on both lessons and after-class activities. But I wanted to make it. I knew this would be difficult, but I didn’t realize it until my classes in the high school 46 (begin).
I got on well with other girls. After school, I often had ice cream with 47 (they) instead of doing homework. I always finished it the next day between 48 (class). As a result, I got worse grades. I realized that I needed 49 (find) some balance.
So I made a timetable to divide my time between studying and relaxing. It was 50 good idea but I was only able to follow it for a few days because it made me under too much pressure.
Later, I took another plan. Each week I 51 (careful) listed everything I had to do. Then I made another list of things that I could 52 (do) if I had time.
It worked really well. Ever since then, I 53 (not miss) any important things. At the same time, I enjoyed my spare time.
Planning time has never been easy for me, 54 I still keep on trying. I’m glad that I’ve learned to balance things and it will be 55 (help) in my future life.
Passage 20
Reading history books can let us learn from great people in history and live better. A history book ____1____you can’t miss is Historical Records, or Shiji.
Historical Records is the first biographical (传记) general history of China. Sima Qian, _____2____ official (官员) during the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-AD24) wrote it. The work ____3____(record) the events beginning with the famous Yellow Emperor and ending with the first years of the Han Wudi period, covering around 3,000 years.
In this book, I really like how the writer describes different people. For example, there’s Da Yu, the founder of the Xia Dynasty. He____4_____ (try) so hard to stop a big flood that he refused to enter his home while ____5_____(pass ) by three times. His selflessness (无私) is really ________(move). I also hope to be a great person like Da Yu.
There are also two legendary farmers, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. They stood up and led a group of people ___7_____the tyrannical (残暴的) Qin Dynasty. They won against the Qin and led the way for the Han Dynasty. ____8____(they) story shows that every human, whatever their birth, can become something great if he tried his best.
When I read this book, I could see how Sima Qian made the characters ____9_____(come) alive with his words. This makes the book full of strong ___10_____(feel) of love and hate, and I love the stories.
Passage 21
中国智慧：敏于事, 慎于言。
If a person wants to be a gentleman (君子), he should pay attention to what he does and says. Then what are the rules for a gentleman on words and actions Let’s find out the answers from Confucius, one of the greatest ____1______(teacher) in ancient China.
子曰：“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可谓好学也已。” –《论语》
Confucius said: “ If a gentleman, not caring for food or housing, is diligent with what he does, careful with what he says and rectifies himself with a worthy, he can be regarded as a good learner.” – The Analects of Confucius
In the West, people pay too much attention to_____2_____ (be) eloquent (能言善辩的). They believe that how someone says something is_____3_________ (important) than what is said. However, Confucius didn’t think so. He believed that gentlemen should choose their words______4_____ (care), even if that may make people feel _____5_____(bore).
Confucius had such beliefs______6______ (连词) he thought that words are important and that they should follow after etiquette (规矩). But he also put forward his idea of what gentlemen should do: work hard. He said that gentlemen should not be lazy and need to focus______7_____ ( 介词) their work to improve ______8_____(they).
These rules for gentlemen’s words and actions ______9________( influence) Chinese people for a long time. Today, many Chinese people still prefer to have a practical spirit rather than saying beautiful words.
Of course, as culture has developed over time, we should also view his words critically (批判性地). ______10_______(choose)our words and actions according to the situation is also a form of wisdom .
Passage 22
古词欣赏——天净沙·秋。
天净沙·秋
（朱庭玉）
庭前落尽梧桐，
水边开彻芙蓉。
解与诗人意同。
辞柯霜叶，飞来就我题红。
Tune: Sunny Sand, Autumn
(Zhu Tingyu)
In the courtyard the leafless plane trees loom;
By waterside all lotuses are in full bloom.
The frost-bitten maple leaf knows my heart,
Willing from its bough to part
And fly down for me to write verses on.
(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
As the fall season arrives, leaves start to change from green to yellow and red. While 1.________(walk) on the streets, people can see many leaves falling. Dancing in the wind, these leaves finally rest on the ground. Seeing such a scene, what thoughts fill 2.___________(people) minds Let’s find out from the poem by Chinese poet Zhu Tingyu.
Sunny Sand, Autumn is a poem about 3.__________(冠词) beauty of autumn written by Zhu Tingyu. With simple and easy-to-understand words and language, the author shows us the beautiful autumn 4_________ she saw.
In the poem, it says that the plane trees in the courtyard have lost 5._________( they) leaves, while the lotus flowers by the water are blooming. The two scenes together make a great contrast, showing the cold feeling of autumn and also the beauty and 6.___________(happy) of the lotus flowers. “The frost-bitten maple leaf knows my heart” shows the author’s unique （独一无二）understanding and imagination of nature.
The author gives life to the maple leaves. They are urged by the frost and coming to find the poet to write. This interaction(互动)7. _____________(介词) the poet and nature shows the author’s desire to live in harmony with nature. Using simple and clear language, the author shows us a beautiful autumn scene and the variety of autumn.
In conclusion, Sunny Sand, Autumn is a creative and emotional poem about the beauty of autumn. Through the author’s careful 8___________(describe), we can 9.___________(deep) feel the beauty of nature and share the feeling of the season changing.
The poem shows us that we don’t need complicated words and skills to see the beauty of nature, but only need 10._____________(feel )it with our hearts.
Passage 23
（2024· 浙江金华一模试题）
I’m a bit of an airplane fan. For the past few years, I 47 (have) many model planes on my desk at work. You can imagine my joy when I had the chance to experience the first flight of C919 jet yesterday. Luckily, I got one just before the tickets 48 (sell) out.
Before boarding, I found that almost every one of the 160 49 (passenger) walked around the plane to celebrate this historic moment. They got 50 (excited) than ever before and some began to take selfies (自拍). 51 happy they were!
The excitement continued on board as the C919 took off. A special breakfast was served: Shanghai noodles, some White Rabbit milk 52 a special dessert with a “World’s First C919” logo on it. It was 53 pretty short flight, about 2.5 hours from Shanghai to Chengdu. Soon we landed at our destination, and we cheered 54 (loud). Almost everyone seemed overjoyed to have taken part 55 such a proud moment for China.
Now I’m looking forward to 56 (see) what new planes COMAC (中国商飞公司) has planned for the future. I can’t wait to see them take on Airbus and Boeing!
Passage 24
（2024· 浙江宁波一模试题）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was a quarter past nine. Mr. Beet hadn’t come back. His wife was a bit worried. The supper was cold and she had waited for two and a half hours. At that time, she 36 (sit) by the table in a dark room. She closed her eyes but listened carefully.
Her husband worked in 37 office. He worked hard so that he was paid a lot. All the things in his home 38 (leave) by his parents. He and his wife only had to pay 39 their food and clothes. They tried their 40 (good) to save money. If they had something important to tell their friends, they preferred 41 (go) to visit them rather than call them. If they ever felt sick, they just bought some medicine instead of seeing a doctor.
Suddenly the woman 42 was waiting for her husband heard someone coming upstairs. She hurried to open the door. In the dark she could hear his deep breathing. As 43 as he sat down, she turned on the light and found he looked very tired.
“Why do you come back so late, dear ” asked the woman. “Didn’t you take the bus ”
“No, I didn’t take it. I ran after it 44 I saved two dollars this evening.”
“That’s great!” the woman said 45 (happy). “Run after a taxi next time and you’ll save even more!”
Passage 25
（2024· 深圳一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
How much do you know about Wushu Wushu, also known as martial arts, is one of the earliest ___36___ (sport) in China. It uses both body and brain. What’s more, Wushu is an outstanding example of ___37___ (tradition) Chinese culture. It can explain ___38___ Chinese people understand the world. Over its long history, Wushu ___39___ (develop) into a special unity of exercise, self-protection and art.
As a sport and ___40___ artistic form, Wushu wins great popularity in China. In Shenzhen, some schools have Wushu classes for kids. Every training ___41___ (require) students to take it seriously. Only by training hard can they build up ___42___ (they) bodies and meet the challenges in the future.
As a competitive sport with great fitness value, Wushu has spread ___43___ (wide) across the world. Bruce Lee helped make Wushu world-famous. Thanks to him, the word “kung fu” appeared in many foreign language dictionaries. Many Chinese have set up Wushu schools outside China, providing people ___44___ the chance to experience the fantastic sport. During the Hangzhou Asian Games in 2023, more people were able ___45___ (enjoy) the beauty of Wushu.短文语法填空
Passage 1
（2024· 浙江杭州一模试题）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
It seems that on every street corner in the world, there is a fast-food restaurant. People everywhere are busy, 36 they do not want to wait for their food. Around the world, $240 billion a year 37 (spend) on fast food. Yet, even though fast food has become quite popular, there are many myths about it.
The first myth is that fast food is a recent 38 (invent). This is not true. 39 (many) than 2,000 years ago, the people of Rome lined up in the street to buy quick 40 (meal) at small stands. One type of their most popular fast food looked a lot 41 a modern hamburger. All through history, people have always eaten fast food.
The second myth is that all fast food is American. While many modern fast-food restaurants are American, some very 42 (tradition) Chinese food is nearly fast food. This includes mantou, noodles and Chinese dumplings. In fact, one of the most popular fast-food chains (连锁店) in the USA 43 (be) a Chinese food chain, Panda Express. It has more than 1,600 restaurants in America.
Finally, many people think that fast food is always bad for them. This is true for a lot of fast food. 44 , nearly every fast-food restaurant has some healthy food on its menu, and some fast-food restaurants only make healthy food. The problem is not fast food, but the choices we make. We can choose 45 (eat) healthy food, even at fast-food restaurants.
【答案】36. so 37. is spent 38. invention 39. More 40. meals 41. like 42. traditional 43. is 44. However 45. to eat
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要针对与快餐相关的一些荒诞说法进行了解释说明。
36. 句意：到处的人都很忙，所以他们不想等他们的食物。根据“People everywhere are busy, ...they do not want to wait for their food.”可知这里填连词，前后句意构成因果关系，so“所以”，符合句意。故填so。
37. 句意：在世界各地，每年有2400亿美元用于快餐。“$240 billion a year”是主语，单数形式，spend是动词，意为“花费”，和主语之间是被动关系，根据语境，这里使用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词用is。故填is spent。
38. 句意：第一个荒诞说法是说快餐是近来的发明。冠词a后面用名词，invent是动词，意为“发明”，其名词形式为invention。故填invention。
39. 句意：2000多年前，罗马人民在街上排队，在小摊上买快餐。根据than可知，这里使用many的比较级。故填More。
40. 句意：2000多年前，罗马人民在街上排队，在小摊上买快餐。meal是可数名词，根据“the people of Rome lined up in the street to buy quick...at small stands”可知，这里使用名词复数形式。故填meals。
41. 句意：他们最受欢迎的一种快餐看起来很像现代的汉堡。look like“看起来像”，符合题意。故填like。
42. 句意：虽然许多现代快餐店都是美国人，但一些非常传统的中国菜几乎是快餐。“Chinese food”是名词，前面由形容词进行修饰，tradition是名词，“传统”，其形容词形式为traditional。故填traditional。
43. 句意：事实上，在美国最受欢迎的快餐连锁店之一是中国食品连锁店——熊猫快餐。“one of ...”表示“其中之一”，谓语动词用单数。根据文章内容可知，句子使用一般现在时。故填is。
44. 句意：然而，几乎每家快餐店的菜单上都有一些健康食物，有些快餐店只做健康食品。根据空前后内容可知，前后内容形成转折关系，however，副词，意为“然而”，符合题意。故填However。
45. 句意：我们可以选择吃健康的食物，即使是在快餐店。choose to do sth.“选择做某事”。故填to eat。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给词的正确形式。
Passage 2
中华文化—甲骨文里的灿烂文明。
How do we know about things that happened thousands of years ago, when there were no videos or photos One answer is written records. The earliest written records of Chinese civilization (文明) are known 1._________ oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文).
More than 3,000 years ago, people in the Shang Dynasty (16th – 11th century BC) 2.__________(like) to ask fortune tellers (占卜师) about the future. For example, what will the weather be like next week Where should I go to make money Will my wife give birth to a boy or a girl From work to love, people asked questions about many topics. The fortune teller would write the question on 3.___________oracle bone, heat it up, and then read the cracks (裂纹) in it 4.__________ (find )an answer.
Tens of thousands of oracle bones have been found so far. They can tell us a great deal about how people lived during the Shang Dynasty. “They help us understand the origins of Chinese philosophy (哲学) and thought, and figure out 5.__________ our culture comes from,” Song Zhenhao, a leading oracle bone expert.
In addition to telling us about ancient Chinese culture, the oracle bones are also key to 6._________(understand) the growth and 7____________(develop) of the written form of the Chinese language. Many of the characters we use today are similar to those that 8.__________(use)3,000 years ago. “The oracle bone inscriptions, as the earliest-known mature (成熟的) form of Chinese characters, represent the beauty and uniqueness of a language 9.________ has been passed down consistently (持续地),” said Chen Nan, a professor at Tsinghua University.
In 2017, UNESCO added oracle bone inscriptions to its Memory of the World Register (“世界记忆”名录). They are indeed a 10.___________(value) memory of ancient China.
【答案】1.as 2.liked 3.an 4.to find 5.where 6.understanding 7.development 8. were used 9.that 10.valuable
Passage 3
中国传统节日——惊蛰：百虫苏醒之时。
The traditional Chinese calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Jingzhe (惊蛰), or Awakening of Insects, falls on March 5 and 1. __________ (end) on March 20 this year.
During the solar term, the weather will get warmer and there will be more rainfall. 2.___________(It) name refers to the awakening of animals sleeping in winter by spring thunder and everything beginning to come back to life. In ancient times, people 3. ___________(believe) that the sound of thunder awakened insects, which was common during this time. Modern 4.___________(science) studies have shown that insects wake up because 5.__________the warm weather and moist soil (潮湿的土壤).
Jingzhe is 6._________important time for farmers. Old Chinese sayings such as “once Jingzhe comes, spring plowing (春耕) never rests” show the 7___________ (important) of this solar term to farmers. During this time, most parts of China experience fast-rising temperatures, with more sunshine. Thus the best conditions for farming activities 8.__________ (provide) by these .
It is popular for people _____________(eat)pears around this time in China. According to ideas of traditional Chinese medicine, the sweet and juicy pear is good for the lungs as the air becomes dry. This is very good for 10.____________(people) health when people experience parched (干裂的) mouths and dry tongues due to the changing weather.
【答案】1. ends 2. Its 3. believed 4. Scientific 5. of 6. an 7. importance 8.are provided 9.to eat 10. people’s
Passage 4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（2024· 浙江宁波二模试题）
What do Chinese young people think of the idea of filial piety (孝道) Li Hua, 25, Guizhou
We have a saying that “filial piety is the first of the hundred virtues (百善孝为先)”. So you know how 51 (importance) it is for the Chinese to respect and take care of their parents.
My mom 52 (set) a good example for me, too. Every week she goes to visit her mom 53 takes care of her. Then I got the idea to care for my mom as well.
In my opinion, filial piety is 54 natural thing. Our parents do so many things for us. It’s natural that we feel thankful and want 55 (pay) them back. As teenagers, filial piety may just mean not always arguing with parents, and trying to make them happy by behaving well.Wang Lining, 14, Shanxi
In China, many schools have 56 (activity) to promote filial piety, such as cooking for parents, helping wash their feet or writing a “thank you card”. By doing these things we develop 57 (deep) love for our parents than before!
Confucius believed 58 only if everyone is good to their parents can they be good to other people. Then there won’t be many fights. Then we could bring peace to the world. I think this is a great idea. It means that filial piety is about 59 (love) not only your parents but also everyone!
So I think we all should try 60 (we) best to be good to our parents. Be there for them when they feel lonely. Help them with housework. Give money to them when they need it. These are all actions of the greatest kindness.
【答案】
51. important 52. sets 53. and 54. a 55. to pay 56. activities 57. deeper 58. that 59. loving 60. our
【解析】本文具体列举了两个不同的人对于孝道的看法。
51. 句意：所以你知道中国人尊重和照顾他们的父母是多么的重要。how修饰形容词或副词表程度，此空应填形容词important“重要的”，故填important。
52. 句意：我妈妈也为我树立了一个好榜样。此句是一般现在时，主语是单数形式，动词用三单，故填sets。
53. 句意：她每周都去看望她的妈妈并照顾她。空格前后是并列关系，用and连接，故填and。
54. 句意：在我看来，孝顺是一件很自然的事情。此处表示泛指，且natural是以辅音音素开头的，故填a。
55. 句意：这是很自然的，我们感到感激，想要回报他们。want to do sth“想要做某事”，此空应填动词不定式，故填to pay。
56. 句意：在中国，许多学校都有宣传孝道的活动，比如为父母做饭，帮他们洗脚或者写一张“感谢卡”。activity“活动”，可数名词，此空应填复数形式表示这一类别，故填activities。
57. 句意：通过做这些事情，我们对父母的爱比以前更深！根据than可知，此空应填比较级，故填deeper。
58. 句意：孔子认为，只有每个人都善待自己的父母，才能善待他人。分析句子结构可知，空处后的句子为陈述句，不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导宾语从句，故填that。
59. 句意：这意味着孝顺不仅仅是爱你的父母，也爱每一个人。about是介词，后接动名词，故填loving。
60. 句意：所以我认为我们都应该尽力对我们的父母好。try one’s best to do sth“尽某人最大努力去做某事”，此空应填形容词性物主代词，故填our。
Passage 5
宋·朱熹的诗歌欣赏——观书有感。
观书有感
(宋·朱熹)
半亩方塘一鉴开，
天光云影共徘徊。
问渠那得清如许？
为有源头活水来。
The Book
(By Zhu Xi)
There lies a glassy oblong pool,
Where light and shade pursue their course.
How can it be so clear and cool
For water comes fresh from the source.
(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
Reading can be helpful in different ways. Song Dynasty poet Zhu Xi (1130-1200) uses the metaphor (比喻) of flowing water (流水) in the poem The Book. He wants _____1____(tell) readers that reading is important, in order to improve oneself. Only by____2_____ (read), can people take in new knowledge in order to make progress. So he hopes people could get past being lazy while reading in order to make their minds as_____3____ (clear) as a pool of water.
The poem begins with a picture of ______4____ square pond, half an acre in size. The poet goes into descriptive detail about how the pond reflects the sky and the clouds, creating a ____5_____(peace) and quiet environment. The tranquil pool of water serves as a mirror, reflecting the world around it.
The question comes up, “how can it be so pure and clear ” The answer hidden in this poem ___6______(lie) in the last line. The pond’s clarity（清澈） and freshness are due to the source of live water（活水） _____7____runs into it.
The “live water” and the pool is a smart metaphor which _____8____ ( used) by Zhu Xi to explain the _____9________(important) of original and authentic knowledge for clarity of mind. The pool symbolizes the mind of a reader, while the live water represents the continual influx （涌入）of knowledge.
The poem concludes with the message that as long as one continuously seeks out（寻求） fresh and original knowledge, ____10______(they)mind, like the pond, can remain clear and untainted. That’s the poet's attitude towards life and learning. Learning is about constantly absorbing new things to maintain their progress and vitality（活力）.
That’s the wisdom Zhu Xi shares with us in “Book”
【答案】1. to tell 2. reading 3. clear 4. a 5. peaceful 6. lies 7. that (which) 8. is used 9. importance 10. their
Passage 6
（2024· 深圳33校联考一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
29-year-old Yang Xu has taken up a new hobby: seal carving (篆刻), and has been taking classes at a local night school. “I used 36 (spend) my free time staring at my smartphone,” Yang said.
“Now, I spend one and a half 37 (hour) at the seal cutting class every day, finding achievement and peace in it.”
Night classes were very popular in the 1980s, when many young Chinese people were learning new skills to make 38 living. Today, these classes are becoming popular again among young people, though they now serve the purpose 39 enriching cultural needs.
The night art school Yang attends 40 (set) up by the local government in 2016. For those 41 are interested, the school provides twelve 90-minute classes at a cost of 500 yuan. On average, the price for each hour of class is 42 (near) the same as a bubble tea.
Before the night school was opened, young people had trouble 43 (find) classes in traditional art. Today, the night school provides all these classes at a reasonable price, taught by 44 (celebrate) teachers and artists.
For many young people, night classes are an escape from the busy city life. “The stress in city creates a lot of worries,” Yang said. “People need a place to rest 45 (they) minds, and night art classes can be that one.”
【答案】36. to spend 37. hours 38. a 39. of 40. was set 41. who 42. nearly 43. finding 44. celebrated 45. their
【解析】本文介绍了夜校艺术课程。
36. 句意：我过去常常利用空闲时间盯着智能手机看。根据“used”可知，used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”。故填to spend。
37. 句意：现在，我每天花一个半小时上篆刻课，从中找到成就感和平静。根据“one and a half”可知，此处用hour的复数形式。故填hours。
38. 句意：夜校在20世纪80年代非常受欢迎，当时许多中国年轻人正在学习谋生的新技能。make a living意为“谋生”。故填a。
39. 句意：如今，这些课程再次受到年轻人的欢迎，尽管现在的目的是丰富文化需求。根据“the purpose…enriching cultural needs”可知，the purpose of表示“……的目的”。故填of。
40. 句意：杨旭就读的夜校是当地政府于2016年设立的。根据“by”可知，本句用被动语态，结构为be+过去分词，根据时间状语“in 2016”可知，时态为一般过去时，主语school 是名词单数形式，系动词用was。故填was set。
41. 句意：学校对感兴趣的人提供12节90分钟的课程，价格为500元。根据“those…are interested”可知, 本句为定语从句，先行词those指人，关系代词用who。故填who。
42. 句意：平均每小时的课程价格几乎和一杯奶茶的价格一样。修饰形容词same用副词，nearly表示“将近，几乎”。故填nearly。
43. 句意：在夜校开设之前，年轻人很难找到传统艺术课程。have trouble doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。故填finding。
44. 句意：如今，夜校以合理的价格提供所有这些课程，由知名的老师和艺术家教授。修饰名词teachers和artists用形容词，celebrated意为“知名的”。故填celebrated。
45. 句意：人们需要一个让心灵休息的地方，夜间艺术课就是这样一个地方。修饰名词minds用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
Passage 7
（2024· 深圳罗浮区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空格中填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。
Once there was a man who had four sons. The sons never stopped quarreling 36 one another. He was always telling them how much easier life would be if they worked together, but they 37 (take) absolutely no notice of him. One day he decided 38 (show) them what he meant. He called all the sons together and put a tightly tied bundle (捆) of sticks on the floor in front of them.
“Can you break that ” he asked the 39 (young) son. The boy put his knee on the bundle but though he pressed and pulled with 40 (he) arms he could not bend the wood. The father asked each son in turn to try to break the bundle, but none of them could do it.
Then he untied 41 string and scattered (打散) the sticks.
“Now try,” he said. The boys broke the sticks in their 42 (hand) easily.
“Do you see 43 I mean ” asked the father, “if you stand together, you can not 44 (hurt) by anyone. If you all disagree the whole time and insist (坚持) on going your ways 45 (separate), the first enemy you meet will be able to destroy you.” United we stand, divided we fall.
【答案】36. with 37. took 38. to show 39. youngest 40. his 41. the 42. hands 43. what 44. be hurt 45. separately
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位父亲用一捆棍子不会被轻易折断而一根棍子轻易会被折断这一事例告诉他的四个儿子什么是团结，即合则存，分则败。
36. 句意：儿子们之间的争吵从未停止过。根据“quarreling...one another”可知，quarrel with sb.“与某人争吵”。故填with。
37. 句意：他总是告诉他们，如果他们一起工作，生活会轻松得多，但他们完全不理会他。根据“was”可知，句子为一般过去时，故此处应用过去式，take的过去式为took。故填took。
38. 句意：有一天，他决定让他们明白他的意思。根据“decided”可知，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故填to show。
39. 句意：“你能折断这个吗？ ”他问最小的儿子。根据“he asked the...son”可知，此处表示“最小的儿子”，应用最高级youngest。故填youngest。
40. 句意：男孩把膝盖放在那捆棍子上，但尽管他用胳膊又压又拉，他还是不能把棍子弄弯。根据“arms”可知，空格处应用形容词性物主代词，his“他的”。故填his。
41. 句意：然后他解开绳子，把棍子打散了。根据“He called all the sons together and put a tightly tied bundle (捆) of sticks on the floor in front of them”和“Then he untied...string”可知，是解开了绳子，表特指，应用the修饰。故填the。
42. 句意：男孩们轻而易举地折断了手中的棍子。根据“in their”可知，此处应用名词的复数形式，hand“手”，其复数为hands。故填hands。
43. 句意：你们明白我的意思吗？根据“Do you see...I mean”可知，空格处引导宾语从句，从句缺宾语，表示“话”，应用what。故填what。
44. 句意：如果你们站在一起，就不会受到任何人的伤害。根据“you can not...by anyone”可知，“you”和“hurt”为被动关系，由于此处有情态动词can，故表被动应用be hurt。故填be hurt。
45. 句意：如果你们一直不同意，并坚持各自走自己的路，你遇到的第一个敌人将能够摧毁你。根据“If you all disagree the whole time and insist (坚持) on going your ways”可知，空格处修饰going your ways，应用副词。故填separately。
Passage 8
（2024· 深圳南山区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卷规定的位置上。
One day, the great thinker Mengzi visited Liang Hui Wang, the ruler of the Liang State during the Warring States Period in ancient China, from 371-335 BCE. The ruler said, “I care for my people. If the 36 (crop) fail to grow in the south, I move the people to the north. If there is a bad harvest in the north, I move the people south. The rulers of other states are not 37 me. They don’t help them when they are hungry. Why do my people run away 38 the number of people in their states is growing ”
“My lord, let me use the battlefield (战场) to show you. There is fighting and one side is winning. The soldiers on the losing side begin to run away because they 39 (not want) to get captured. A fast soldier runs 100 steps and a slower one runs 50 steps. When the soldier 40 (run) 50 steps looks ahead, seeing the soldiers with100 steps, he laughs at the faster soldier and calls him a coward. Do you think it’s right for the slower soldier 41 (judge) the other ”
“No. The slower one is no 42 (good) as he is not doing anything 43 (different).”
“Exactly. And you are also right about the other rulers. They may not care for their people during hard times 44 way you do. But you send your people into battle all the time. When you do this, you are not caring for your people, either. One hundred steps should not 45 (laugh) at by fifty steps.”
【答案】36. crops 37. like 38. while 39. don’t want 40. running 41. to judge 42. better 43. differently 44. the 45. be laughed
【解析】本文介绍了“五十步笑百步”这个成语的由来：梁惠王告诉孟子自己比其他统治者更热爱子民，孟子认为他发动战争，将人民置于水火之中，与其他统治者并无差别。
36. 句意：如果南方的庄稼不能生长，我就把人们转移到北方。根据“If the ... fail to grow in the south”可知，该句是if引导的条件状语从句，从句时态为一般现在时；由“fail to grow”可知，主语是复数名词，故此处要用crop的复数crops。故填crops。
37. 句意：其他国家的统治者不像我。根据“They don’t help them when they are hungry.”可知，此处表示其他国家的统治者不像我这样爱民；like“像”，介词，符合语境。故填like。
38. 句意：为什么我的人民要逃跑，而他们国家的人民却在增加？根据“my people run away”和“the number of people in their states is growing”可知，前后句形成对比，应用while“然而”连接。故填while。
39. 句意：失败一方的士兵开始逃跑，因为他们不想被俘虏。根据“The soldiers on the losing side begin to run away”可知，时态为一般现在时；主语为“they”，否定用don’t+动词原形。故填don’t want。
40. 句意：当跑50步的士兵向前看，看到有100步的士兵时，他嘲笑那个跑得快的士兵，说他是胆小鬼。根据“When the soldier ... 50 steps looks ahead”和所给词可知，run“跑步”这个动作是the soldier发出的，故此处应用run的ing形式。故填running。
41. 句意：你认为慢兵对其他兵评头论足是正确的吗？根据“it’s right for the slower soldier ... the other”可知，it is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.“做某事是怎样的”，不定式作主语。故填to judge。
42. 句意：速度慢的那个也好不到哪里去，因为他没有做任何不同的事情。根据“The slower one is no ...”可知，此处指跑得慢的那个士兵也好不到哪里去，no better“没有更好”。故填better。
43. 句意：速度慢的那个也好不到哪里去，因为他没有做任何不同的事情。根据“he is not doing anything ...”可知，此处要用副词修饰动词。故填differently。
44. 句意：在困难时期，他们可能不像你那样关心自己的人民。根据“They may not care for their people during hard times ... way you do.”可知，此处表示其他统治者在困难时期关心子民的方式不像你这样，此处表示特指，应用冠词the。故填the。
45. 句意：一百步不应被五十步嘲笑。根据“One hundred steps should not ... at by fifty steps.”可知，此处是含情态动词的被动语态，结构为情态动词+be done。故填be laughed。
Passage 9
（2024· 深圳坪山区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
As one of Guangdong’s intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) representatives, Guangzhou Dim Sum Brunch (早茶) is a long-standing custom that has been passed down 36 hundreds of years. These delicious foods are now available for 37 (we) to taste in Guangzhou’s streets.
People in Guangzhou particularly enjoy drinking tea. 38 they greet each other, they often ask, “How about drinking tea ” Why then do people in Guangzhou have such a strong preference for tea In Guangzhou, tea focuses on both tea and dim sum (点心). More 39 (important), drinking tea has developed into a cultural pastime for socializing and gatherings, acting as a bridge for communication in people’s 40 (day) lives. It is said that Guangzhou Dim Sum Brunch originated from old neighborhoods in Guangzhou. The earliest tea drinking places 41 (call) “Erli Pavilion”. Every day before 42 (start) work, people would go to small tea houses and spend two cents to enjoy 43 cup of tea and two dim sum, which are good and cheap.
In 2023, the custom of Guangzhou Dim Sum Brunch was included in the 44 (eight) Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage List of the People’s Government of Guangdong Province. Since then, this traditional culture 45 (become) the best symbol of outlining the city’s style and cultural charm.
【答案】36. for 37. us 38. When 39. importantly 40. daily 41. were called 42. starting 43. a 44. eighth 45. has become
【解析】本文主要介绍了广东人的“早茶文化”。
36. 句意：作为广东省非物质文化遗产的代表之一，广州早茶是一种流传了数百年的悠久习俗。空后是时间段，用介词for。故填for。
37. 句意：这些美味的食物现在在广州的街道上可以供我们品尝。作介词for的宾语用宾格us。故填us。
38. 句意：当他们互相问候时，他们经常问：“喝茶怎么样？”根据“they greet each other”可知是当他们互相打招呼时，用when引导时间状语从句。故填When。
39. 句意：更重要的是，喝茶已经发展成为一种社交和聚会的文化消遣，成为人们日常生活中沟通的桥梁。此处修饰整个句子，用副词importantly“重要地”。故填importantly。
40. 句意：更重要的是，喝茶已经发展成为一种社交和聚会的文化消遣，成为人们日常生活中沟通的桥梁。此处修饰名词lives用形容词daily“日常的”。故填daily。
41. 句意：最早的茶饮场所叫做“二里亭”。主语The earliest tea drinking places和谓语动词call之间是被动关系，且是过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，be动词用were。故填were called。
42. 句意：每天上班前，人们都会去小茶馆，花两分钱喝一杯茶，吃两份点心，它们物美价廉。介词before后加动名词。故填starting。
43. 句意：每天上班前，人们都会去小茶馆，花两分钱喝一杯茶，吃两份点心，它们物美价廉。此处泛指“一杯茶”，cup以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。
44. 句意：2023年，广州早茶习俗被列入广东省人民政府第八届省级非物质文化遗产名录。此处指“第八届省级非物质文化遗产名录”，表示顺序用序数词eighth。故填eighth。
45. 句意：从那时起，这种传统文化就成为勾勒城市风貌和文化魅力的最佳象征。根据“Since then”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是this traditional culture，助动词用has。故填has become。
Passage 10
（2024· 深圳南山外国语教育集团区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the modern world, when you need to write a letter or a report for work or school, you possibly first move toward the computer. Now, most people reach out for 36 (keyboard) way faster than they pick up their pens. But Mrs. Larry, a teacher in a British primary school, is taking a different road. She says that handwriting 37 (be) still an important skill, so she requires her students to write not only by hand but also 38 old-fashioned fountain pens.
Fountain pens 39 (use) in schools long ago and have been more popular recently because they are refillable (可填充的). Today, a writer may 40 (simple) throw an empty pen away and get 41 new one.
So far, Mrs. Larry has been satisfied with the results of her experiment. She shows that her students are paying more attention to their work, and their self-confidence has improved as well. She is pleased with the 42 (improve) she sees in her students’ writing 43 in her own writing. She knows that computers are here 44 (stay) and that they will not disappear. However, she believes that the practice with fountain pens helps students to focus, to write faster, and they can feel proud of 45 (they).
【答案】36. keyboards 37. is 38. with 39. were used 40. simply 41. a 42. improvement/improvements 43. and 44. to stay 45. themselves
【解析】本文讲述了一位老师坚持书写仍然是一项重要的技能，所以她要求她的学生不仅要手写，还要用老式的钢笔写字。
36. 句意：现在，大多数人伸手拿键盘的速度远远快于拿起笔的速度。此空需用名词复数表泛指。故填keyboards。
37. 句意：她说，书写仍然是一项重要的技能，所以她要求她的学生不仅要手写，还要用老式的钢笔写字。结合says可知时态为一般现在时，主语是handwriting“书写”，不可数名词，be动词用is。故填is。
38. 句意：她说，书写仍然是一项重要的技能，所以她要求她的学生不仅要手写，还要用老式的自来水笔写字。根据“write not only by hand but also…old-fashioned fountain pens.”可知是指用老式的钢笔写字。with“用”，故填with。
39. 句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近因为它们是可再填充的，所以更受欢迎。主语是复数Fountain pens，与“使用”之间存在被动关系，需用结构be done，描述过去的事，因此是一般过去时的被动语态，be动词用were，故填were used。
40. 句意：今天，一个作家可以简单地扔掉一支空笔，换一支新的。此空需用副词修饰动词throw。故填simply。
41. 句意：今天，一个作家可以简单地扔掉一支空笔，换一支新的。此空表泛指，new是辅音音素开头的单词，需用a。故填a。
42. 句意：她对她在学生和她自己的书写中看到的进步感到高兴。此空需用名词improvement作宾语，结合空前的the，单复数都可，复数表泛指。故填improvement/improvements。
43. 句意：她对她在学生和她自己的书写中看到的进步感到高兴。此处表并列，用and“和”，故填and。
44. 句意：她知道计算机将继续存在，它们不会消失。be here to stay“留下不走”，故填to stay。
45. 句意：然而，她认为，使用钢笔的练习有助于学生集中注意力，写得更快，他们可以为自己感到自豪。根据“they can feel proud of”可知是指他们可以为自己感到自豪。themselves“他们自己”，故填themselves。
Passage 11
（2024· 江苏昆山市一模试题）
认真阅读下面短文，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dreams are often mysterious (神秘的). One day, a man named Zhuang Zhou had 53 interesting dream. He dreamed of becoming a beautiful butterfly. Flying around, he could do anything he wanted. How happy 54 free he was! He forgot that he was a man. Then he 55 (wake) up from his dream and found he was a man. “Who am I, indeed (到底) ” he asked 56 (he). “Am I Zhuang Zhou or the butterfly ” Finally, he said, “Maybe I am a butterfly. In my dream, I became a man and my name was Zhuang Zhou.”
Zhuang Zhou lived 57 (much) than 2, 000 years ago. We also call him Zhuang Zi. Zhuang Zi loved nature and freedom. He thought that people and animals should 58 (treat) equally (平等地). There are many interesting 59 (story) about him and animals. Once, Zhuang Zi and his friend 60 (be) taking a walk along the river. After a while, Zhuang Zi said, “Look 61 the fish! How happy they are!” His friend asked him, “You are not a fish. How do you know they are happy ” Zhuang Zi smiled, “But you are not me. How do you know that I don’t know the 62 (fish) feeling ” Is Zhuang Zi’s question a difficult one What do you think he was—a man or a butterfly
【答案】53. an 54. and 55. woke 56. himself 57. more 58. be treated 59. stories 60. were 61. at 62. fish’s
【解析】本文主要讲述了“庄周梦蝶”和“子非鱼”的故事。
53. 句意：一天，一位名叫庄周的人做了一个有趣的梦。设空处位于单数名词前表示泛指，结合interesting为元音音素开头，an符合语境。故填an。
54. 句意：他是多么快乐自由啊！设空处前后happy和free为并列关系，并列连词and“和”符合语境。故填and。
55. 句意：然后他从梦中醒来，发现自己是一个人。本句时态为一般过去时，所以动词用过去式形式。故填woke。
56. 句意：他问自己，我到底是谁。设空处宾语与主语he指向同一人，应用he的反身代词himself“他自己”。故填himself。
57. 句意：庄周生活在2000多年以前。more than“超过”，固定短语。故填more。
58. 句意：他认为人和动物应该被平等地对待。主语“people and animals”为谓语动词treat的动作承受者，应用被动语态be done结构，本句有情态动词should，所以be动词用原形，treat的过去分词为treated。故填be treated。
59. 句意：关于他和动物有许多有趣的故事。根据“many”可知，名词要用复数形式，stories符合语境，故填stories。
60. 句意：有一次，庄子和他的朋友正沿着河边散步。本句讲述过去某个时间正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时was/were doing结构，主语“Zhuang Zi and his friend”为复数形式，were符合句意。故填were。
61. 句意：看这些鱼！look at“看”，固定短语。故填at。
62. 句意：你怎么知道我不懂鱼的感受呢？fish为有生命物体，设空处需填写’s所有格形式表示“鱼的”。故填fish’s。
Passage 12
（2024· 江苏常州一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处按要求填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。每空1个单词。
Mum, I promised to write, so…We’re staying with Lucy’s uncle in Hunan Province, and I’m having a 43 (wonder) time here in Zhangjiajie. It’s a magic land of mountains, forests and rivers. It’s very large, about 480 square kilometres. It’s famous 44 (介词) the strange shape of its tall rocks. Some of 45 (they) look like humans, and others look like wild animals.
Last night we 46 (camp) by a small lake. During the night, we heard a noise! It woke everybody up. We thought somebody was moving about. Lucy’s uncle said it was 47 (冠词) animal. We came out without 48 (make) any noise, and found it was just a hungry monkey looking for food. This morning, we climbed Mount Tianzi! From the top we hoped to see the lakes and forests. 49 (连词) it was a pity that it was cloudy. We could only see the mountain tops above the clouds. I pulled a leaf off a plant, but Lucy’s uncle said that it was wrong to pull 50 (leaf) off plants and that we should protect everything here. I was very sorry.
Tomorrow we’re going to Dongting Lake, the second 51 (large) freshwater lake in China. We’ll 52 (be) back home next week! Wish you were here!
【答案】43. wonderful 44. for 45. them 46. camped 47. an 48. making 49. But 50. leaves 51. largest 52. be
【解析】本文主要介绍了作者在张家界旅行的经历。
43. 句意：我在张家界玩得很开心。修饰名词time用形容词wonderful“极好的”。故填wonderful。
44. 句意：它以其高耸的岩石的奇怪形状而闻名。be famous for“因为……而闻名”。故填for。
45. 句意：它们中的一些看起来像人类，另一些看起来像野生动物。介词后用代词宾格them“它们”。故填them。
46. 句意：昨晚我们在一个小湖旁露营。根据“Last night”可知此处用一般过去时，动词用过去式camped“露营”。故填camped。
47. 句意：露西的叔叔说那是一只动物。此处泛指“一只动物”，animal以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。故填an。
48. 句意：我们出来时没有发出任何声音。介词后加动名词。故填making。
49. 句意：但是很遗憾，当时多云。此处和前句是转折关系，用but连接，放句首首字母大写。故填But。
50. 句意：但露西的叔叔说，从植物上摘下叶子是错误的，我们应该保护这里的一切。leaf“树叶”，此处用名词复数表泛指。故填leaves。
51. 句意：明天我们要去中国第二大淡水湖——洞庭湖。根据“in China”可知此处用最高级largest“最大的”，前有序数词，不加冠词。故填largest。
52. 句意：我们下周就要回家了！will后加动词原形。故填be。
Passage 13
（2024·山东滨州一模试题）
阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词或情态动词。
A short film 71 (call) How Erjiu Cured My Mental Friction after Being Back in the Village for Three Days 《回村三天，二舅治好了我的精神内耗》 became one of the 72 (popular) videos in China. It tells a story of a (n) 73 (able) man. His nephew, Mr. Tang, made the film during a three-day visit to Erjiu’s home.
Erjiu used to be the smartest kid in school. He always got top grades. However, an unexpected 74 (ill) changed his life. He had a high fever and he 75 (walk) any more. Feeling upset, he 76 (not return) to school. After a really hard time, Erjiu started a new life. He learned carpentry (木工手艺) and used the skill 77 (support) himself and his family.
Erjiu is now a full-time carer for his mother and a handyman (勤杂工) in the village. He is always ready to help villagers repair 78 (they) broken things such as tables, radios, door locks, or toys for children.
Although there were many difficulties along the way, Erjiu said he never felt sorry for himself. He found a sentence in a book many years ago: “Be determined (决心) and not afraid of sacrifice (牺牲) to overcome all difficulties and win the final success.”
Erjiu’s spirit touched many people. He faced difficulties with positive attitude (态度), and he solved problems with his wisdom. He never complained (抱怨) the 79 (unfair). The story encouraged millions of people to face difficulties in life 80 (brave).
【答案】71. called 72. most popular 73. disabled 74. illness 75. couldn’t walk
76. didn’t return 77. to support 78. their 79. unfairness 80. bravely
【解析】本文主要介绍了短片电影《回村三天，二舅治好了我的精神内耗》的故事。
71. 句意：一部名为《回村三天，二舅治好了我的精神内耗》的短片成为了中国最受欢迎的视频之一。call是动词，此处应填过去分词作定语，故填called。
72. 句意：一部名为《回村三天，二舅治好了我的精神内耗》的短片成为了中国最受欢迎的视频之一。one of the后加形容词最高级，故填most popular。
73. 句意：它讲述了一个残疾人的故事。此处是作定语修饰名词，结合下文可知是指残疾人，disabled“残疾的”，形容词，故填disabled。
74. 句意：然而，一场意想不到的疾病改变了他的生活。unexpected是形容词，修饰名词illness，故填illness。
75. 句意：他发高烧，再也不能走了。根据“He had a high fever”和“any more”可知他不能再走路了。couldn’t“不能”，是过去式形式，后加动词原形，故填couldn’t walk。
76. 句意：他感到很沮丧，没有回到学校。句子是一般过去时，所以应用助动词did，did not缩写为didn’t。故填didn’t return。
77. 句意：他学习了木工，并用这项技能养活自己和家人。use sth to do sth“使用某物做某事”，为固定短语，故填to support。
78. 句意：他总是乐于帮助村民修理坏了的东西，比如桌子、收音机、门锁或儿童玩具。they是主格代词，空后是名词，应用形容词性物主代词修饰，故填their。
79. 句意：他从不抱怨不公平。unfair“不公平的”，是形容词，此处应填名词unfairness作宾语。故填unfairness。
80. 句意：这个故事鼓励了千百万人勇敢地面对生活中的困难。brave是形容词，此处应用副词修饰动词，故填bravely。
Passage 14
（2024·河北石家庄一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词 (有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式)。
As a reporter, I have been looking for valuable school news. Last term, my school 71 (ask) students to collect herbs (草药) and had a show on Chinese medicine. I thought it was 72 interesting topic. So I decided to interview some students to know how they collected herbs. I also interviewed teachers to learn 73 why our school wanted to have this activity.
74 (one), the whole process lasted for two 75 (month) from choosing the topic to interviewing and writing.
Then I learned 76 to write an excellent news report through the experience. By talking to people, I got lots of first-hand information 77 (quick). It made my story more attractive.
I feel proud of 78 (I). I’m also happy to meet so many great 79 (report) at Teens. It’s much 80 (easy) to make progress when you’re with good people. If you love writing and interviewing people, come and join us!
【答案】71. asked 72. an 73. about 74. First 75. months 76. how 77. quickly 78. myself 79. reporters 80. easier
【解析】本文讲述了作者采访他人的经历，在这个过程中，作者得到了成长。
71. 句意：上学期，我的学校让学生们采集草药并在中药方面进行展示。根据“Last term”可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，ask的过去式为asked。故填asked。
72. 句意：我觉得这是个有趣的主题。topic为核心名词，且为可数名词单数形式，前面要用冠词修饰，interesting是以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an修饰，泛指“一个有趣的主题”。故填an。
73. 句意：我还采访了老师了解我们学校为什么要举办这项活动。learn about sth“了解某事”，固定搭配。故填about。
74. 句意：首先，从选题到采访和写作整个过程持续了两个月。空处为独立成分，修饰整个句子，应用副词first表示“首先”，句首字母大写。故填First。
75. 句意：首先，从选题到采访和写作整个过程持续了两个月。month“月”，可数名词，two修饰可数名词复数形式。故填months。
76. 句意：通过这次经历我学会了如何写出一篇优秀的新闻报道。根据“Then I learned...to write an excellent news report through the experience.”可知，应表达学会了如何写优秀的新闻报道，how“如何”，表示方式。故填how。
77. 句意：通过与人交谈，我很快就获得了大量第一手信息。quick“快的”，形容词，空处修饰动词got用副词形式。故填quickly。
78. 句意：我为自己感到骄傲。根据“I feel proud of ...”可知，是为自己感到骄傲，主语是I，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。
79. 句意：我也很高兴在《青少年》杂志上见到这么多优秀的记者。空前many修饰可数名词复数形式，report“报道”，此处指记者，空处应用名词复数形式reporters。故填reporters。
80. 句意：和优秀的人在一起更容易取得进步。easy“容易的”，形容词，much修饰形容词比较级。故填easier。
Passage 15
（2024· 河北石家庄长安区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。
Life is not easy to most people, so when anything happens, be sure to believe in yourself. When I was young, I was 41 nervous that it was hard for me to talk to anyone. My classmates often 42 (laugh) at me. Then I felt very frustrated.
I was 43 (real) sad but could do nothing. Later, something happened, which changed my life. It was 44 English speech contest. My mother asked me to take part 45 it. What a terrible idea! It meant I had to speak in front of all the teachers and students of my school!
“Come on, boy. You should believe in yourself. You are sure to win.” mother said to me.
Then, mother and I talked about many different topics. At last, I 46 (choose) the topic “Believe in yourself”. I tried my 47 (good) to remember all the speech and practiced it over a hundred times. With my mother’s great help, I felt 48 (relax) and did well in the contest. I could hardly believe my ears when the news came that I had won the 49 (one) prize.
Since then, things have changed for me. No matter what I do, I try to tell 50 (me) to be confident and I will find myself. This is true not only for me but also for everybody, I think.
【答案】41. so 42. laughed 43. really 44. an 45. in 46. chose 47. best 48. relaxed 49. first 50. myself
【解析】本文讲述了作者原来很容易紧张，但是后来在妈妈的帮助下，经过努力，在演讲比赛中获得第一名，从而变成一个自信的人。
41. 句意：当我年轻的时候，我太紧张了以致于和任何人交谈都很困难。此处是so…that…表示“如此……以致于”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
42. 句意：我的同学经常嘲笑我。根据“felt”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词填过去式laughed。故填laughed。
43. 句意：我真地很伤心但是什么也做不了。此处修饰形容词sad用副词形式really。故填really。
44. 句意：是一场英语竞赛。此处泛指一场英语竞赛，English是以元音音素开头的单词，所以填不定冠词an。故填an。
45. 句意：我妈妈让我参加比赛。take part in“参加”，固定短语。故填in。
46. 句意：最后，我选择了“相信你自己”这个话题。此处是过去发生的事情，时态是一般过去时，动词填过去式chose。故填chose。
47. 句意：我尽最大努力记住所有的演讲，并且练习了一百多次。try one’s best to do sth“尽某人最大努力做某事”，固定短语。故填best。
48. 句意：在我妈妈的帮助下，我感到很放松，并在竞赛中表现得很好。此处修饰人，空处应填形容词relaxed作表语。故填relaxed。
49. 句意：当我获得一等奖的消息传来时，我简直不敢相信自己的耳朵。根据“contest”可知，是在竞赛中获得一等奖，应填序数词first表示“第一”。故填first。
50. 句意：无论我做什么，我努力告诉我自己要自信，我会找到我自己。根据“I try to tell…to be confident”可知，主语是I，是作者告诉自己要自信，反身代词myself“我自己”。故填myself。
Passage 16
（2024· 湖南常德一模试题）
阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入适当内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（1个或几个单词）使句子通顺正确。
There is an old Chinese woman doing kung fu in a video online. She is 26 medium height with grey hair. Her name is Zhang Hexian and people call her kung fu Grandma. Now she is 27 (get) popular not only in China but also in other countries.
Zhang started to do kung fu when she 28 (be) only 5 years old. “I practiced every day when I was young. I worked so hard. Now I’m old, but I still think kung fu is 29 exciting thing,” she says. Zhang has three sons and a daughter. 30 don’t live with her, but often visit her with some lovely gifts.
Zhang’s daily life is simple 31 healthy. She gets up at 5 a.m. and cooks by herself every day. Seafood is her favorite. Zhang’s house is on a hillside (山坡) , so she 32 (have) to climb the hill when she goes out.
A primary school set up a kung fu class 3 years ago. Kung fu Grandma Zhang volunteered to teach the 33 (child) kung fu there. The students feel 34 (luck) to have Zhang as their kung fu teacher. “It’s important for young people 35 (learn) Chinese kung fu and the spirit behind it.”, she says.
【答案】26. of 27. getting 28. was 29. an 30. They 31. but 32. has 33. children 34. lucky 35. to learn
【解析】本文主要介绍了“功夫奶奶”张荷仙的习武经历和日常生活。
26. 句意：她中等身高。be of medium height“中等身高”，固定短语。故填of。
27. 句意：现在她不仅在中国而且在其他国家都很受欢迎。根据“Now she is”可知，动词get应用现在分词getting，与is构成现在进行时。故填getting。
28. 句意：当她只有5岁的时候，她就开始学习功夫。根据“started”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词应用过去式；主语为she，be动词应用was。故填was。
29. 句意：现在我老了，但我仍然认为功夫是一件令人兴奋的事情。此处表示泛指，且“exciting”以元音音素开头，不定冠词用an。故填an。
30. 句意：他们不和她住在一起，但经常带着一些可爱的礼物去看望她。根据“Zhang has three sons and a daughter.”可知，此处指张的子女，用代词they，句首首字母大写。故填They。
31. 句意：张的日常生活简单而健康。根据“Zhang’s daily life is simple ... healthy.”可知，张的日常生活简单而健康，用连词but表示转折。故填but。
32. 句意：张的房子在山坡上，所以她外出时不得不爬山。根据“Zhang’s house is on a hillside (山坡) ”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为she，动词应用has。故填has。
33. 句意：张奶奶自告奋勇在那里教孩子们功夫。根据下文“The students”可知，此处名词应用复数形式。故填children。
34. 句意：学生们觉得有张老师做他们的功夫老师很幸运。feel为感官动词，后接形容词作表语；此处表示幸运的，应用lucky。故填lucky。
35. 句意：对年轻人来说，学习中国功夫及其背后的精神是很重要的。it is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.“对某人而言，做某事是……的”，不定式作主语。故填to learn。
Passage 17
（2024· 吉林长春绿园区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的词或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
The elephant-foot drum is a classic musical instrument of the Dai people. The drum-making skill 72 (list) as a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in 2011.
The elephant-foot drum dance is very popular with the Dai people. It is often performed during festivals. And it is 73 way for the Dai people to show their joy as well as their village culture.
Xie Wenping, 32, used to learn how to make a drum from his grandfather 74 made elephant-foot drums for a living. “At a young age, I decided to make more and 75 (good) drums,” Xie said.
While elephant-foot drums carry great cultural 76 (important), making an elephant-foot drum is no easy task. “It takes about thirty 77 (step),” Xie explained.
The repetition (重复) of the work might not be 78 (excite), but whenever Xie sees his grandfather’s smile while making the drum, he feels encouraged again. “Over the years the number of people skilled in making elephant-foot drums 79 (go) down,” Xie said. “I feel like it’s my responsibility to carry it on.”
Xie is creative in the form of the drum. To make 80 easier for the elephant-foot drum to spread to places outside Yunnan, Xie came up 81 the idea of making a mini version (版本) of the drum and designed (设计) key chains shaped like the elephant-foot drum.
【答案】72. was listed 73. a 74. that/who 75. better 76. importance 77. steps 78. exciting 79. has gone 80. it 81. with
【解析】本文主要讲述了象足鼓的历史以及谢文平学习并传承象足鼓的故事。
72. 句意：在2011年，这项制鼓技巧被列为国家级非物质文化遗产。根据“The drum-making skill制鼓技巧”与“list列入”构成被动关系，主语是单数，且由“in 2011”可知，该句时态是一般过去时，故该空要填一般过去时的被动语态，故填was listed。
73. 句意：这是傣族人表达他们的喜悦和乡村文化的一种方式。该空表示泛指，且空格后所接单词首字母发音为辅音音素，需用a。故填a。
74. 句意：32岁的谢文平曾跟随靠象足鼓谋生的祖父学习如何制作鼓。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词是“his grandfather他的爷爷”，指人，在从句中充当主语，可以用that或who引导定语从句。故填that/who。
75. 句意：“很小的时候，我就决定做更多更好的鼓，”谢说。由“more and” 可知，前后形式要一致，前面用了比较级，括号单词“good”也要变成比较级better。故填better。
76. 句意：虽然象足鼓具有重要的文化意义，但制作象足鼓并非易事。根据提示词前单词“cultural文化的”是一个形容词，可知该处要填一个名词作宾语。而“important重要的”的名词是“importance重要性”。故填importance。
77. 句意：“大约需要30个步骤，”谢解释说。由提示词前的“thirty三十”可知，该空要填一个复数名词作宾语。而“step步骤”的复数名词是steps。故填steps。
78. 句意：重复的工作可能并不令人兴奋，但每当他看到爷爷在制鼓时的微笑，他就会再次受到鼓舞。该句的主语是“The repetition (重复) of the work ”，指物，动词是“might not be”，所以该空要填一个形容词作表语。而“excite使人兴奋”是一个动词，对应的形容词分别是“exciting令人兴奋的”和“excited感到兴奋的”。所以exciting符合语境。故填exciting。
79. 句意：“多年来，熟练制作象足鼓的人数已经减少了，”谢说。由“Over the years”可知，这是现在完成时，结构是“has/have done”。该句的主语是“the number of people skilled in making elephant-foot drums”，表单数。故填has gone。
80. 句意：为了使象足鼓更容易传播到云南以外的地方，谢先生想到了制作一个迷你版的象足鼓，并设计了象足鼓形状的钥匙链。根据固定句式“make it adj to do sth使得做什么是怎样的”可知，该空要填it作形式宾语。故填it。
81. 句意：为了使象足鼓更容易传播到云南以外的地方，谢先生想到了制作一个迷你版的象脚鼓，并设计了象足鼓形状的钥匙链。固定搭配短语“come up with 提出”。故填with。
Passage 18
（2024· 山东济南东片区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Young people are often unhappy when they are with their parents. They say that their parents don’t understand them. They often think their parents 46 (be) too strict with them.
Parents often find it difficult to win their 47 (children) trust, and they seem to forget how they 48 (them) felt when they were young.
For example, young people like to do things without much thinking. It’s one of their ways to show that they grow up and they can solve any difficult problems. But older people always think 49 (much) than young people. Most of them plan things ahead and don’t like their plans to 50 (change), so when you want your parents to let you do something, you will 51 (success) easily if you ask before you really start doing it.
Young people often make their parents 52 (angrily) by the clothes they wear, the music they enjoy and something else. But they don’t mean to cause any trouble. They just want to be cut off (摆脱) from the old people’s world and they are trying to make 53 new culture of their own. And 54 their parents don’t like their music or clothes or their ways of speech, the young people will feel very sad. Sometimes instead of going out with their parents, they just want to stay 55 home alone and do what they like.
If you plan to do something, you’d better win your parents over and get them to understand you. If so, your parents will certainly let you do what you want to do.
【答案】46. are 47. children’s 48. themselves 49. more 50. be changed 51. succeed 52. angry 53. a 54. if 55. at
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了年轻人和父母在一起时经常不开心的原因。
46. 句意：他们经常认为父母对他们太严格了。根据“They often think their parents”可知，时态为一般现在时，结合“too strict with them”和所给词可知，be strict with sb“对某人严格”，主语是their parents，所以be动词要用复数形式are。故填are。
47. 句意：父母往往很难赢得孩子的信任，他们似乎忘记了自己年轻时的感受。根据横线后“trust”，结合所给词可知，此处应该表达父母往往很难赢得孩子的信任，所以要用所有格形式表达所属关系，children的所有格形式是children’s。故填children’s。
48. 句意：父母往往很难赢得孩子的信任，他们似乎忘记了自己年轻时的感受。根据“how they…felt when they were young.”和所给词可知，此处应该自己年轻时的感受，所以应该填入themselves，反身代词，意为“他们自己”符合题意。故填themselves。
49. 句意：但是老年人总是比年轻人想得更多。根据“than”，结合所给词可知，此处应该填入much的比较级more，表达老年人总是比年轻人想得更多。故填more。
50. 句意：他们中的大多数人提前计划好事情，不喜欢他们的计划被改变，所以当你想让你的父母让你做某事时，如果你在真正开始做之前问一下，你会很容易成功。根据“Most of them plan things ahead and don’t like their plans to…”，结合所给词可知是不喜欢计划被改变，此处是被动语态，结构为：be+过去分词，change的过去分词是changed，不定式to后跟动词原形。故填be changed。
51. 句意：他们中的大多数人提前计划好事情，不喜欢他们的计划被改变，所以当你想让你的父母让你做某事时，如果你在真正开始做之前问一下，你会很容易成功。根据横线前“will”和“if you ask before you really start doing it.”可知，此处时态为一般将来时，结构为：will+动词原形，结合所给词可知，此处应该填入success的动词形式succeed，意为“成功”符合语境。故填succeed。
52. 句意：年轻人经常因为他们穿的衣服，他们喜欢的音乐和其他一些事情而让他们的父母生气。根据“Young people often make their parents…”可知，make sb+adj“使某人……的”，结合所给词，此处应该填入angry，形容词，意为“生气的”符合语境。故填angry。
53. 句意：他们只是想脱离旧世界，他们正试图创造一种自己的新文化。根据“they are trying to make…new culture of their own”可知，此处表泛指，new是以辅音元素开头的词，所以填入a，意为“一种”，表达他们正试图创造一种自己的新文化。故填a。
54. 句意：如果他们的父母不喜欢他们的音乐、衣服或说话方式，这些年轻人会感到非常难过。根据“their parents don’t like their music or clothes or their ways of speech”和“the young people will feel very sad”可知，前半句是后半句的条件，所以填入if，引导条件状语从句。故填if。
55. 句意：有时他们不想和父母一起出去，只想一个人呆在家里做自己喜欢的事情。根据“they just want to stay…home alone”可知，此处指待在家，stay at home“待在家”，固定搭配。故填at。
Passage 19
（2024· 山东济南历下区一模试题）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It’s hard to spend enough time on both lessons and after-class activities. But I wanted to make it. I knew this would be difficult, but I didn’t realize it until my classes in the high school 46 (begin).
I got on well with other girls. After school, I often had ice cream with 47 (they) instead of doing homework. I always finished it the next day between 48 (class). As a result, I got worse grades. I realized that I needed 49 (find) some balance.
So I made a timetable to divide my time between studying and relaxing. It was 50 good idea but I was only able to follow it for a few days because it made me under too much pressure.
Later, I took another plan. Each week I 51 (careful) listed everything I had to do. Then I made another list of things that I could 52 (do) if I had time.
It worked really well. Ever since then, I 53 (not miss) any important things. At the same time, I enjoyed my spare time.
Planning time has never been easy for me, 54 I still keep on trying. I’m glad that I’ve learned to balance things and it will be 55 (help) in my future life.
【答案】46. began 47. them 48. classes 49. to find 50. a 51. carefully 52. do 53. haven’t missed/have not missed 54. but 55. helpful
【解析】本文讲述了作者在高中时期通过制定时间计划在学习和生活之间找到了平衡的故事。
46. 句意：我知道这很难，但直到高中开始上课我才意识到这一点。该句“I didn’t realize it until my classes in the high school…”可知，此处是指“直到……时候才意识到”，且全文描述的是作者少年时期的事情，时态为一般过去时，应用提示词的过去式。故填began。
47. 句意：放学后，我经常和她们一起吃冰淇淋，而不是做作业。根据“had ice cream with…”可知，此处是指“和某人一起吃冰淇淋”，介词后应用提示词的宾格形式，用来代替“girls她们”。故填them。
48. 句意：我总是在第二天课间完成作业。结合“between”可知，此处是指作者是在课间赶着写作业，应用提示词的复数形式，表示“在课间”，表泛指。故填classes。
49. 句意：我意识到我需要找到一些平衡。根据“I needed…”可知，应用提示词的不定式形式与之搭配，“need to do sth.需要做某事”。故填to find。
50. 句意：这是个好主意，但我只坚持了几天，因为这让我承受了太多压力。分析题干可知，此处缺不定冠词修饰“good idea”，泛指“一个好主意”，且good发音是以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
51. 句意：每周我都仔细地列出我必须做的事情。分析题干可知，此处缺副词修饰动词listed，应用提示词的副词形式，表示“仔细地”。故填carefully。
52. 句意：然后我又列了一张清单，上面写着如果有时间我可以做的事情。情态动词后应用提示词的原形，表示“做”，符合语境。故填do。
53. 句意：从那以后，我没有错过任何重要的事情。根据“Ever since then”及提示词可知，该句为现在完成时的否定形式，其结构为“have not done”，应用提示词的过去分词形式，表示过去的动作持续到现在对现在的影响。故填haven’t missed/have not missed。
54. 句意：计划时间对我来说从来不是件容易的事，但我仍在努力。根据“Planning time has never been easy for me”及“I still keep on trying.”可知，“计划时间这件事情不容易”与“仍努力”之间为转折的意思，应用表示转折的连词but引导。故填but。
55. 句意：我很高兴我学会了平衡事物，这对我未来的生活很有帮助。根据“it will be…”及语境可知，此处应用提示词的形容词形式helpful作表语，意为“有帮助的”，符合语境。故填helpful。
Passage 20
Reading history books can let us learn from great people in history and live better. A history book ____1____you can’t miss is Historical Records, or Shiji.
Historical Records is the first biographical (传记) general history of China. Sima Qian, _____2____ official (官员) during the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-AD24) wrote it. The work ____3____(record) the events beginning with the famous Yellow Emperor and ending with the first years of the Han Wudi period, covering around 3,000 years.
In this book, I really like how the writer describes different people. For example, there’s Da Yu, the founder of the Xia Dynasty. He____4_____ (try) so hard to stop a big flood that he refused to enter his home while ____5_____(pass ) by three times. His selflessness (无私) is really ________(move). I also hope to be a great person like Da Yu.
There are also two legendary farmers, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang. They stood up and led a group of people ___7_____the tyrannical (残暴的) Qin Dynasty. They won against the Qin and led the way for the Han Dynasty. ____8____(they) story shows that every human, whatever their birth, can become something great if he tried his best.
When I read this book, I could see how Sima Qian made the characters ____9_____(come) alive with his words. This makes the book full of strong ___10_____(feel) of love and hate, and I love the stories.
【答案】1. that 2.an 3. records 4. tried 5. passing 6. moving 7. against 8. Their 9. come 10. Feelings
Passage 21
中国智慧：敏于事, 慎于言。
If a person wants to be a gentleman (君子), he should pay attention to what he does and says. Then what are the rules for a gentleman on words and actions Let’s find out the answers from Confucius, one of the greatest ____1______(teacher) in ancient China.
子曰：“君子食无求饱，居无求安，敏于事而慎于言，就有道而正焉，可谓好学也已。” –《论语》
Confucius said: “ If a gentleman, not caring for food or housing, is diligent with what he does, careful with what he says and rectifies himself with a worthy, he can be regarded as a good learner.” – The Analects of Confucius
In the West, people pay too much attention to_____2_____ (be) eloquent (能言善辩的). They believe that how someone says something is_____3_________ (important) than what is said. However, Confucius didn’t think so. He believed that gentlemen should choose their words______4_____ (care), even if that may make people feel _____5_____(bore).
Confucius had such beliefs______6______ (连词) he thought that words are important and that they should follow after etiquette (规矩). But he also put forward his idea of what gentlemen should do: work hard. He said that gentlemen should not be lazy and need to focus______7_____ ( 介词) their work to improve ______8_____(they).
These rules for gentlemen’s words and actions ______9________( influence) Chinese people for a long time. Today, many Chinese people still prefer to have a practical spirit rather than saying beautiful words.
Of course, as culture has developed over time, we should also view his words critically (批判性地). ______10_______(choose)our words and actions according to the situation is also a form of wisdom .
【答案】1. teachers 2. being 3. more important 4. carefully 5. bored. 6.because 7.on 8. themselves 9. have influenced 10. Choosing
Passage 22
古词欣赏——天净沙·秋。
天净沙·秋
（朱庭玉）
庭前落尽梧桐，
水边开彻芙蓉。
解与诗人意同。
辞柯霜叶，飞来就我题红。
Tune: Sunny Sand, Autumn
(Zhu Tingyu)
In the courtyard the leafless plane trees loom;
By waterside all lotuses are in full bloom.
The frost-bitten maple leaf knows my heart,
Willing from its bough to part
And fly down for me to write verses on.
(Translated by Xu Yuanchong)
As the fall season arrives, leaves start to change from green to yellow and red. While 1.________(walk) on the streets, people can see many leaves falling. Dancing in the wind, these leaves finally rest on the ground. Seeing such a scene, what thoughts fill 2.___________(people) minds Let’s find out from the poem by Chinese poet Zhu Tingyu.
Sunny Sand, Autumn is a poem about 3.__________(冠词) beauty of autumn written by Zhu Tingyu. With simple and easy-to-understand words and language, the author shows us the beautiful autumn 4_________ she saw.
In the poem, it says that the plane trees in the courtyard have lost 5._________( they) leaves, while the lotus flowers by the water are blooming. The two scenes together make a great contrast, showing the cold feeling of autumn and also the beauty and 6.___________(happy) of the lotus flowers. “The frost-bitten maple leaf knows my heart” shows the author’s unique （独一无二）understanding and imagination of nature.
The author gives life to the maple leaves. They are urged by the frost and coming to find the poet to write. This interaction(互动)7. _____________(介词) the poet and nature shows the author’s desire to live in harmony with nature. Using simple and clear language, the author shows us a beautiful autumn scene and the variety of autumn.
In conclusion, Sunny Sand, Autumn is a creative and emotional poem about the beauty of autumn. Through the author’s careful 8___________(describe), we can 9.___________(deep) feel the beauty of nature and share the feeling of the season changing.
The poem shows us that we don’t need complicated words and skills to see the beauty of nature, but only need 10._____________(feel )it with our hearts.
【答案】1.walking 2. people’s 3.the 4. which/that 5.their 6.happiness 7.between
8.description 9.deeply 10.to feel
Passage 23
（2024· 浙江金华一模试题）
I’m a bit of an airplane fan. For the past few years, I 47 (have) many model planes on my desk at work. You can imagine my joy when I had the chance to experience the first flight of C919 jet yesterday. Luckily, I got one just before the tickets 48 (sell) out.
Before boarding, I found that almost every one of the 160 49 (passenger) walked around the plane to celebrate this historic moment. They got 50 (excited) than ever before and some began to take selfies (自拍). 51 happy they were!
The excitement continued on board as the C919 took off. A special breakfast was served: Shanghai noodles, some White Rabbit milk 52 a special dessert with a “World’s First C919” logo on it. It was 53 pretty short flight, about 2.5 hours from Shanghai to Chengdu. Soon we landed at our destination, and we cheered 54 (loud). Almost everyone seemed overjoyed to have taken part 55 such a proud moment for China.
Now I’m looking forward to 56 (see) what new planes COMAC (中国商飞公司) has planned for the future. I can’t wait to see them take on Airbus and Boeing!
【答案】
47. have had 48. sold 49. passengers 50. more excited 51. How 52. and 53. a 54. loudly 55. in 56. seeing
【解析】本文主要讲述了作者是一个飞机迷，在体验中国首架自主研发的C919客机的首飞时深受触动。
47. 句意：在过去的几年里，我在工作的桌子上放了许多模型飞机。根据“For the past few years”可知，句子是现在完成时，结合句子主语“I”可知，助动词应用have。故填have had。
48. 句意：幸运的是，我在票售罄前买到了一张。空格处应填一个动词作从句的谓语，结合空前“the tickets”及提示词“sell”可知，此处应用主动语态表示被动含义，且根据“I got one”可知，句子是一般过去时，所以动词要用一般过去式。故填sold。
49. 句意：登机前，我发现机上160名乘客几乎每个人都绕着飞机走了一圈，庆祝这一历史性时刻。空格处应填一个名词，结合空前“one of”可知，此处应用复数名词。故填passengers。
50. 句意：他们比以往任何时候都更加兴奋，有些人开始自拍。空格处应填一个形容词作表语，结合空后“than ever before”可知，此处要用形容词的比较级。故填more excited。
51. 句意：他们是多么开心啊！此句是感叹句，结合主体词“happy”为形容词可知，应用how引导感叹句，且句首首字母大写。故填How。
52. 句意：会上提供了一份特别的早餐：上海面、一些大白兔奶和一份印有“世界第一架C919”标志的特别甜点。此处是在列举早餐种类，所以用并列连词and表示“和”。故填and。
53. 句意：从上海到成都的飞行时间很短，大约2.5小时。此处表示泛指，结合空后“pretty”以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a表示“一”。故填a。
54. 句意：很快我们就到了目的地，我们大声欢呼起来。根据空前“cheered”为动词可知，空格处应填一个副词。故填loudly。
55. 句意：几乎每个人都为参加这样一个中国值得骄傲的时刻而欣喜若狂。此处考查take part in表示“参加”，为固定搭配。故填in。
56. 句意：现在我很期待看到中国商飞公司为未来计划的新飞机。look forward to表示“期待”，后接动词ing形式。故填seeing。
Passage 24
（2024· 浙江宁波一模试题）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It was a quarter past nine. Mr. Beet hadn’t come back. His wife was a bit worried. The supper was cold and she had waited for two and a half hours. At that time, she 36 (sit) by the table in a dark room. She closed her eyes but listened carefully.
Her husband worked in 37 office. He worked hard so that he was paid a lot. All the things in his home 38 (leave) by his parents. He and his wife only had to pay 39 their food and clothes. They tried their 40 (good) to save money. If they had something important to tell their friends, they preferred 41 (go) to visit them rather than call them. If they ever felt sick, they just bought some medicine instead of seeing a doctor.
Suddenly the woman 42 was waiting for her husband heard someone coming upstairs. She hurried to open the door. In the dark she could hear his deep
