2024年高考英语（阅读理解之说明文）模拟真题 (新高考专用)（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024年高考英语（阅读理解之说明文）模拟真题 (新高考专用)（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 64.7KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-05-03 11:44:33 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
2024年高考英语（阅读理解之说明文）模拟真题 (新高考专用)
（2024·山西晋中·模拟预测）Did you know many adults sit down for more than nine hours a day Maybe you’re one of them! Whether it’s working at a desk, sitting motionless in a car, bus or train or lounging on the sofa watching TV, we have a much more sedentary lifestyle than our parents and grandparents did. The question that this raises is just what it is doing to our bodies.
The news isn’t good. A study carried out in the 1950s compared bus drivers with the conductors, who walked around the bus selling tickets. It showed that drivers, who spent many hours sitting at the wheel, were twice as likely to have heart attacks than the more active conductors. In fact, prolonged sitting has been associated with a number of different conditions, even in people who otherwise take regular exercise. If you sit down all day, you burn far fewer calories than someone with a more active job. There are suggestions that its lows your metabolism (新陈代谢) and makes it harder for your body to regulate blood sugar levels increasing the risk of diabetes.
One possible answer to this s problem is for desk workers to use standing desks, to spend at least part of their day on their feet. One small study showed that office workers who stood for three hours after lunch had a much smaller increase in blood sugar levels, while another suggested that by standing for three or four hours a day over the period of a year, people would burn as many calories as if they had run ten marathons.
Other experts question this figure and point out that standing all day can also have negative impacts, such as leg or back pain, recommending that if people do want to use standing desks, they should gradually increase the amount of time that they spend on their feet. Crucially, they also point out that there are many alternatives to sitting, and that their impact is unlikely to be the same; walking, for example, burns far more calories than standing.
1．What is the text mainly talk about
A．The dangers of long sitting. B．Measures to burn more calories.
C．Disadvantages of standing at work. D．Suggestions from the experts on health.
2．Which is not true according to the text
A．Walking burns far more calories than standing.
B．We are more active than our previous generations.
C．Leg or back pain could be a negative effect of standing all day.
D．Not being able to regulate blood sugar levels can lead to diabetes.
3．Who may burn the least calories
A．A bus conductor. B．A marathon runner.
C．A sitting desk worker. D．A standing office worker.
4．What is other experts’ attitude towards the figure from the last study
A．Ambiguous B．Approving. C．Skeptical. D．Dismissive.
（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）The Mona Lisa is the famous Leonardo da Vinci painting of a woman with a mysterious smile. This week, the painting gave up a secret.
Scientists used X-rays to examine the chemical organization of an extremely small part of the more than 500-year-old painting. The researchers discovered a technique Leonardo used in the work. A team in France and Britain discovered an oil paint used for the Mona Lisa was a special, new chemical mixture. It suggests that the Italian artist may have been in an experimental mood when he set to work on the painting early in the 16th century.
“He was someone who loved to experiment, and each of his paintings is completely different technically,” said Victor Gonzalez. He is the study’s lead writer. “In this case, it’s interesting to see that indeed there is a specific technique for the ground layer of the Mona Lisa,” he said in an interview with The Associated Press. Specifically, the researchers found a rare compound, plumbonacrite (水蛭石), in Leonardo’s first layer of paint. The discovery, Gonzalez said, proved that da Vinci most likely used lead oxide to thicken and help dry his paint.
The scientists looked into its atomic structure using X-rays in a synchrotron (同步加速器). The machine moves particles at close to the speed of light, permitting researchers to look deeper into the paint structure. “Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe,” Gonzalez said. “It’s the first time we can actually chemically prove it.”
Dutch artist Rembrandt may have used a similar mixture when he was painting in the 17th century. Gonzalez and other researchers have found plumbonacrite in his work, too. “It also tells us that those recipes were passed on for centuries,” Gonzalez said. “It was a very good recipe.”
But the Mona Lisa and additional works by Leonardo still have other secrets to tell. “There are plenty, plenty more things to discover,” Gonzalez said. “What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.”
5．What is the secret of the painting of the Mona Lisa
A．The use of plumbonacrite. B．Leonardo’s love for experiment.
C．The way to dry the painting. D．The oil in the first layer.
6．What is Gonzalez’s attitude to the painting’s secret
A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed.
7．How does the author support the topic of the text
A．By making comparisons. B．By listing related examples.
C．By describing the study process. D．By quoting experts’ opinions.
8．What is the best title for the text
A．A Creative Painter B．A Smiling Mona Lisa
C．A New Discovery in the Mona Lisa D．A Pioneering Painting
（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）Waterways are important for every country around the world. They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport. However, due to industrial activity, many of them are now polluted.
Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first-hand. The 15-year-old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house. However, the river has become littered with plastic bags, bottles and cups. Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river. So, with the help of her father, she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways.
In May, Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia, US, and received a Judge’s Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project.
According to the Science News for Students website, her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble (气泡) Barrier in Amsterdam, which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system. But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly. She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally (对角地). The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore. Once there, a conveyor run by a solar-powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin.
In her backyard pool, Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles. She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain. “For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish,” she explained to Science News for Students, “I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”
After she tested her system for collecting rubbish, Perry found that it worked better than expected. Next, she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor.
9．What motivated Perry to design a rubbish-collecting system
A．Her father’s encouragement.
B．Her desire to protect a nearby river.
C．A visit to a science and engineering fair.
D．An invention of a Dutch high school student.
10．What can we know about the rubbish-collecting system
A．It was designed by Perry alone.
B．It makes power to run the air compressor.
C．It collects solar energy to remove rubbish.
D．It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish.
11．What is the 5th paragraph mainly about
A．Advantages of the system. B．The way of testing the system.
C．The improvement on the system. D．Challenges in the design process.
12．What kind of person is Perry
A．Efficient and ambitious. B．Helpful and hardworking.
C．Responsible and creative. D．Professional and adventurous.
（2024·江西九江·二模）When facing an extremely annoying problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm, aiming to get the best ideas quickly. I love seeing it happen — except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires.
In brainstorming meetings, many good ideas are lost — and few are gained. Extensive evidence shows that when generating ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence. Surprisingly enough, individuals working alone tend to produce more and better ideas compared to brainstorming in groups.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, a shift to a process called “brainwriting” is more effective. Initially, you ask everyone to generate ideas independently. Next, you pool them and share them anonymously (匿名地) among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and detailing them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
For instance, during the 2010 Chilean mine rescue, time pressing, the rescue team established a global brain writing system to crowd source independent ideas, avoiding time-consuming brainstorming. An entrepreneur offered a tiny plastic telephone that became the sole means of communicating with the miners while a 24-year-old engineer’s suggestion resulted in the creation of a specialized drill that ultimately saved the miners.
Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is balanced participation. In brainstorming meetings,
participation can easily become dominated by the most influential people. The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into the conversation. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room — it’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity, but it doesn’t end there. Individuals working alone produce greater varieties of novel ideas, both brilliant and terrible, than groups. It takes collective judgment to locate the signal within the noise and extract the best ideas.
13．Which of the following best describes “group brainstorming” according to this passage
A．Creative. B．Productive.
C．Inefficient. D．Fundamental.
14．Why is the 2010 rescue mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To illustrate the significance of specific equipment in the rescue.
B．To show the importance of brainstorming in emergency situations.
C．To highlight the role of influential people in collective intelligence.
D．To demonstrate the effectiveness of brainwriting in generating ideas.
15．What is mainly discussed in paragraph 5
A．The importance of collective intelligence.
B．The goal of becoming the smartest person.
C．The power of equal involvement in brainwriting.
D．The influence of powerful individuals in decision-making.
16．What is the function of collective judgment in collective intelligence
A．Identifying the top ideas. B．Finding more good solutions.
C．Replacing individual creativity. D．Encouraging group brainstorming.
（2024·新疆喀什·二模）Over the decades, computers have affected our lives to an astonishing degree. When the first modern computer was conceptualized and built in the 20th century, it was so large that it took up a whole room. Over time, the technology shrank. First, computers became small enough to sit on a desk and be brought into the home. Then, they were made lightweight and portable, giving us the laptop. Today, most people have something even smaller: a smartphone that can fit into a pocket.
Though that's as compact as most people are used to, computers and technology are getting even tinier! One of the tiniest forms of technology available today is the microbot. A microbot is a very tiny robot -a machine programmable by a computer—that is built to perform specific tasks. You might tend to refer to this as just a small robot, but the size and dimensions of microbots are actually quite precise. A microbot is less than one
millimeter in width, approximately the size of the tip of a pencil. In comparison, a small robot, which can be up to 100 centimeters in width, would be absolutely large. If you think that microbots are as small as you can get, think again. Nanobots smaller than one micrometer exist, but these are so small that they aren't visible to the naked eye(肉眼).
Since microbots are so small, they are potentially very cheap. Scientists and engineers working to develop these microbots believe that they could be used to explore environments or areas that are too small or dangerous for people.
Because the computing power of one single microbot isn't that large, microbots could be moved and used in large groups. At the moment, the biggest barrier to the development of these tiny machines is figuring out how to power a robot that can only contain an extremely small battery.
17．What does the underlined word “shrank” in Paragraph I probably mean
A．got more Automatic. B．became smaller.
C．got wiser. D．became larger.
18．What can we know about microbots
A．They can be used to do risky tasks. B．They are relatively expensive.
C．They can't be seen by the human eyes. D．They aren't as precise as expected.
19．What is the key to the future development of the tiny robots
A．Its function. B．Its material.
C．Its battery power. D．Its maintenance cost.
20．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．How Small the Technology Can Get B．How Robots Change Our Future Lives
C．Why Human Beings Prefer Tiny Technology D．Why Microbots Are Widely Used Worldwide
（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）A recent survey in the US found that Gen Z-ers and Millennials (千禧一代) visit libraries more often than their parents or grandparents. The young love libraries because they are secure, comfortable, free and — as my 11-year-old would say — “aesthetic”. This means they look good in the background of an Instagram post or TikTok video. It’s also a great place to meet people. If you’re both young and in a library, chances are you have similar interests.
And then, too, there are the books. Gen Z-ers are turning out to be big readers, especially of paper books. Even though, or perhaps because, they have in their pockets the most limitlessly distracting devices ever invented, many are deliberately choosing to pick up a piece of 15th-century technology instead. They like the fact that books are self-contained and require concentration.
There is, sometimes, a sense of nostalgic (怀旧的) cosplay in the way young people read. In New York, for example, the latest TikTok-fuelled craze is reading with strangers in bars. You have to buy a ticket in advance, and then you all gather and sit in silence for 30 minutes, reading whatever book you’ve brought along. Like an expensive version of going to the library, except that afterwards you all have a drink and talk about books.
The very thought of it makes me suffer, but that’s because I’m a child of the 1970s and 80s. To me, reading is a private pleasure, while screens — TV or cinema — are social. I did once, in a fit of ambitious parenting, introduce a “family reading hour”, during which my husband and children were pressed to join me at the fireside for some silent reading. It could not have felt more performative if we had dressed up in top hats and crinolines (旧时的衬裙). But still, I applaud these young readers — for knowing what is good for them, for seeking out human connection, for finding the beauty and pleasure in old institutions, and for bringing new life to the library.
21．Which of the following is a reason why the young love libraries
A．They enjoy the sense of safety and freedom.
B．They are free to use social media in libraries.
C．They consider e-reading a way to discover beauty.
D．They expect to meet people with different interests.
22．What do we know about the latest TikTok-fuelled craze in New York
A．It’s a trend of reading with the family in bars.
B．It’s a learning approach advocating silent reading.
C．It’s a gathering attended by strangers free of charge.
D．It’s a reading fashion integrating the old and the new.
23．What can be learned about the author’s understanding of reading from paragraph 4
A．It is a delightful social experience. B．It is a way of personal enjoyment.
C．It is a significant parenting pattern. D．It is a painful routine practice.
24．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．A Gen Z Way to Refresh Libraries
B．A Realistic Look of Library Reading
C．A Broad View of Libraries and Social Media
D．A New Way to See Human Connection with Libraries
（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）To build a prosperous (繁荣的) society, a fundamental understanding of the modern economy as a driving force in today’s world is essential.
What kind of prosperity have we achieved so far The widespread definition of prosperity focuses on
economic power and growth as measures of success. Let’s take a look at history. The Second Industrial Revolution enabled mass production and created a sufficient supply of goods. This has greatly increased the importance of money in its role as “a store of value, ” and “a medium of exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued economic power as the only indicator of prosperity, such as GDP. Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified.
The path to a truly prosperous world requires a shift in focus towards the most suitable happiness for all, in addition to economic power. Defining happiness, however, is a complex task. What makes people happy The degree to which the same thing creates happiness differs from person to person. Happiness is subjective and complicated. This is a world of “multiple values” where each of us determines worth as opposed to “one fixed price” based merely on an economic perspective. Individuals shouldn’t be defined by a single identity or role but by multidimensional nature as well as multiple roles making independent choices and taking actions for their happiness in different aspects.
Businesses must be pioneers in pursuing not only economic growth but also the happiness of all citizens of society. Companies can contribute through the pursuit of social value as well as economic profit. At the heart of this lies “purpose”. A company’s purpose defines the value it brings to society. The true worth of a company should be determined not just by the return s it creates for shareholders but by the value it creates for society as a whole.
25．What is the author’s attitude to the widely accepted standard of prosperity
A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Uncertain. D．Approving.
26．What is the side effect of technological evolution
A．The slower economic growth speed.
B．The sharp reduction of job opportunities.
C．The enlarged gap between the rich and the poor.
D．The increasing conflict between different nations.
27．Which statement will the author agree with according to the passage
A．Happiness is changeable and beyond control.
B．Happiness largely depends on economic power.
C．The pursuit of profit determines a company’s true worth.
D．A prosperous world should be measured by multiple values.
28．Who are the main intended readers of the text
A．Social psychologists. B．Enterprise administrators.
C．School educators. D．Technological researchers.
（2024·湖南·一模）A lot of manufactured glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate (碳酸钠) can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items, but it doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this environmental concern by developing an eco-conscious alternative.
In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances, a team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Process Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from amino acids (氨基酸). That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months.
In a test, glass beads (珠) made out of amino acids were placed under the skin of mice, and the breakdown of the beads and the skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study shows how the mice’s bodies broke down the beads. In that month, the glass implant degraded beneath the skin, the wound site healed, and fur grew back. “Throughout the experimental period, no mice exhibited any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation, and none of them experienced obvious weight loss,” the researchers wrote in their paper.
Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment, this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass, because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this hurdle, the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating-cooling procedure applied in glass manufacturing. This is when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher.
“It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far from large-scale commercialization,” emphasized Yan Xuehai, a professor involved in the study, in a press release.
29．What is an advantage of the new glass
A．It can be recycled at a low cost. B．It is produced without pollution.
C．It takes less time to. break down. D．It has a wide range of applications.
30．Why did researchers implant glass beads inside mice
A．To assess whether the glass is biologically harmless.
B．To investigate why amino acids are medically useful.
C．To explore how long it takes for the glass to degrade.
D．To observe if the glass can be melt down in mice’s stomach.
31．What does the underlined word “hurdle” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．The instability of amino acids.
B．The difficulty of selecting materials for the glass.
C．Environmental problems caused by traditional glass.
D．The challenge of improving the heating-cooling procedure.
32．What is the attitude of Yan Xuehai towards the new glass’s launch on the market
A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Uncertain.
（2024·广东湛江·二模）A recent study reveals that flat-faced dogs, such as French bulldogs, have difficulty sleeping because of an unusual feature: their head shape. French bulldogs specifically suffer from increased daytime sleepiness, probably due to not getting enough night-time sleep.
With their big eyes staring right back at the owner, and wrinkles rolled over their noses, French bulldogs have shot up in popularity in recent years. But their distinct features and small size come with a number of health issues.
The researchers studied the sleep patterns of 92 dogs accompanied by their owners. They found that compared with other dogs, the flat-faced dogs experience a longer period of rapid eye movement (REM), regarded as the stage of sleep with most vivid dreams where the brain is active while the body remains still. Researchers said this was similar to the way babies sleep, suggesting that dogs, like French bulldogs, keep up the sleep patterns of puppyhood. Their night-time sleep is shorter and flat-faced dogs are also more likely to snoring (打鼾). “Sleep deprivation is increasingly recognized as a major cause of suffering in dogs with extreme brachycephaly (短头畸形),” said Dan O’Neill, an associate professor from the University of London.
The researchers employed an electroencephalogram (脑电图) throughout the dogs’ sleep. They looked particularly at sleep spindles (睡眠纺锤波). They found that dogs with brachycephaly had an increase in sleep spindles, which in dogs has been associated with poorer learning when it comes to training.
A researcher said, “We know that some of these dogs will sleep with a ball in their mouth, and people think it’s cute, but they’re actually doing it in order to keep their airways open.” O’Neill agreed, “Many owners find this phenomenon very funny and post videos online showing how comical their dogs are as they sleep with a toy in their mouth or with their neck extended or repeatedly waking up to breathe during sleep.”
33．What may lend to flat-faced dogs increased daytime sleepiness
A．Their tendency to sleep with owners.
B．Their preference for daytime napping.
C．Their shorter night-time sleep due to the head shape.
D．Their habit of sleeping in uncomfortable positions.
34．What do we say about flat-laced dogs from paragraph 3
A．They differ from human beings in REM.
B．They require less sleep than other species.
C．They’re less likely to suffer sleep disturbances.
D．They maintain puppy-like sleep patterns as adults.
35．What does the increase in sleep spindles in flat-laced dogs imply
A．They have a stronger memory during sleep.
B．They have a strong desire to sleep during the night.
C．They are more likely to succeed in hard training.
D．They may face challenges in learning during training.
36．Why do some flat-faced dogs sleep with a toy in their mouths
A．They want to have pleasant dreams. B．It prevents them from snoring loudly.
C．It helps them maintain an open airway. D．They enjoy playing with toys while sleeping.
（23-24高三下·甘肃武威·阶段练习）Long-term exposure to low-frequency noise can cause many health problems, but the solution may be found in an unexpected object, a ping-pong ball. Conventionally thought of as the plastic balls that speed through the air during a fast-speed game of table tennis, with a few changes, ping-pong balls can help absorb the city noise.
Low-frequency noise is everywhere in cities, near roads, and by airports. Though potentially heard as background in the acoustic (声学的) landscape, it can lead to earaches, breathing problems and other long-term harmful effects. Because it is produced by a range of sources and is less affected by structures than higher-frequency sound, low-frequency noise can be challenging to avoid.
In Journal of Applied Physics, researchers from the University of Lille and the National Technical University of Athens describe an acoustic metasurface (超表面) that uses ping-pong balls to prevent sound passing through.
“Ping-pong balls are well-known, everyday objects, present in large numbers all over the world,” said author Robine Sabat. “Our motivation was to use these easily accessible objects to create a low-frequency soundproof panel structure. Ping-pong balls therefore present a suitable alternative to sound insulators.”
Acoustic metasurfaces are materials specially engineered to handle sound waves. This metasurface uses ping-pong balls with small holes, acting as Helmholtz resonators (共振器). More resonant frequencies meant the device was able to absorb more sound. At the success of two coupled resonators, the researchers added more, until their device looked like a square sheet of ping-pong balls covered with holes, multiplying the number of resonant
frequencies that could be absorbed.
By adjusting the number of balls, number of holes, and hole sizes, the researchers could change the metasurface’s acoustic properties, proving it is possible to design a sound absorption panel without expensive materials.
“The potential of this metasurface extends beyond sound absorption,” said Sabat. “It can be broadened to achieve various functions similar to other metasurfaces. These functionalities include sound focusing, unconventional sound reflection and more.”
37．What makes low-frequency noise hard to avoid
A．Its dull background. B．Its covering range.
C．Its various sources. D．Its surrounding structures.
38．What does the underlined word “insulators” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Sources. B．Levels. C．Effects. D．Barriers.
39．What is an advantage of the newly developed metasurface
A．It costs little to make. B．It has light weight.
C．It is convenient to use. D．It is environmentally friendly.
40．What can be the best title for the text
A．Low-frequency Noise Can Cause Diseases
B．Ping-pong Balls Function Well as Sound Absorbers
C．Acoustic Metasurface Can Address Noise Problem
D．Ping-pong Balls Show Potential in Many Research Fields
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了久坐的危害以及解决办法。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Did you know many adults sit down for more than nine hours a day ( 你知道很多成年人每天坐着的时间超过9个小时吗 )”和“The question that this raises is just what it is doing to our bodies.(这带来的问题是它对我们的身体有什么影响。)”和文章第二段“If you sit down all day, you burn far fewer calories than someone with a more active job. There are suggestions that its lows your metabolism (新陈代谢) and makes it harder for your body to regulate blood sugar levels increasing the risk of diabetes.(如果你整天坐着，你燃烧的卡路里比那些从事更活跃工作的人要少得多。有迹象表明，它会降低你的新陈代谢，使你的身体更难调节血糖水平，从而增加患糖尿病的风险。)”可知，文章主要介绍了久坐的危害。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whether it’s working at a desk, sitting motionless in a car, bus or train or lounging on the sofa watching TV, we have a much more sedentary lifestyle than our parents and grandparents did.(无论是在办公桌前工作，在汽车、公共汽车或火车上一动不动地坐着，还是懒洋洋地躺在沙发上看电视，我们的生活方式比我们的父母和祖父母要久坐得多。)”可知，我们没有前几代人活跃，因此B项表述错误。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A study carried out in the 1950s compared bus drivers with the conductors, who walked around the bus selling tickets. It showed that drivers, who spent many hours sitting at the wheel, were twice as likely to have heart attacks than the more active conductors.( 20世纪50年代进行的一项研究比较了公共汽车司机和售票员，售票员在公共汽车上走来走去卖票。研究表明，长时间坐在驾驶座上的司机患心脏病的可能性是那些更活跃的售票员的两倍。)”和文章第三段“while another suggested that by standing for three or four hours a day over the period of a year, people would burn as many calories as if they had run ten marathons.(而另一项研究表明，每天站立三到四个小时，一年下来，人们燃烧的卡路里相当于跑了十次马拉松。)”可知，坐着办公的人消耗的卡路里最少。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Other experts question this figure and point out that standing all day can also have negative impacts, such as leg or back pain, recommending that if people do want to use standing desks, they should gradually increase the amount of time that they spend on their feet.(其他专家对这一数字提出质疑，并指出整天站立也会产生负面影响，比如腿部或
背部疼痛，建议如果人们确实想使用站立式办公桌，他们应该逐渐增加站着的时间。)”可推知，其他专家对最后一项研究的数据持怀疑态度。故选C。
5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的新秘密，即使用了水蛭石增稠和干燥颜料的技巧。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The researchers discovered a technique Leonardo used in the work. A team in France and Britain discovered an oil paint used for the Mona Lisa was a special, new chemical mixture.”（研究人员发现了达芬奇在作品中使用的一种技巧。法国和英国的一个研究小组发现，用于《蒙娜丽莎》的油画颜料是一种特殊的新型化学混合物。）和第三段的“the researchers found a rare compound, plumbonacrite, in Leonardo’s first layer of paint”（研究人员在达·芬奇的第一层颜料中发现了一种罕见的化合物——水蛭石）可知，文章介绍的《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的秘密是水蛭石的运用。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段的“‘It also tells us that those recipes were passed on for centuries.’ Gonzalez said. ‘It was a very good recipe.’”（它还告诉我们，这些秘密流传了几个世纪。冈萨雷斯说。“这是一个非常好的秘密。”）和第六段的“‘There are plenty, plenty more things to discover,’ Gonzalez said. ‘What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.’”（“还有很多很多的东西等着我们去发现，”冈萨雷斯说。“我们所说的只是知识上的一点点进步。”）可知，冈萨雷斯对《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的新发现持“积极的”态度。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“the researchers found a rare compound, plumbonacrite, in Leonardo’s first layer of paint”（研究人员在达·芬奇的第一层颜料中发现了一种罕见的化合物——水蛭石）”。根据第四段“. “Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe,” Gonzalez said”（冈萨雷斯说：“水蛭石确实是他的配方的指纹。）根据第五段““It also tells us that those recipes were passed on for centuries,” Gonzalez said. “It was a very good recipe.”（冈萨雷斯说：“这也告诉我们，这些秘密已经流传了几个世纪。”“这是一个非常好的秘密。”）、根据第六段“There are plenty, plenty more things to discover,’ Gonzalez said. ‘What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.’”（“还有很多很多的东西等着我们去发现，”冈萨雷斯说。“我们所说的只是知识上的一点点进步。”）”的讲述可知，作者大篇幅的引用了研究者的话语来支撑文章的主题。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段以及下文对《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画使用水蛭石技巧的研究介
绍可知，文章主要阐述了《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的新发现——一项经久不衰的增稠和干燥颜料的技巧。所以短文的最佳标题为“《蒙娜丽莎》的新发现”。故选C项。
9．B 10．D 11．B 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了来自美国的达科塔·佩里设计垃圾收集系统来清理河流里的垃圾，文章介绍了系统的工作方式以及是如何接受测试的。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river. So, with the help of her father, she designed a system to collect and remove trash in waterways.(佩里想把河水清理干净，这样她就可以继续享受这条河了。因此，在她父亲的帮助下，她设计了一个收集和清除水道垃圾的系统)”可知，保护附近河流的愿望促使佩里设计了一个垃圾收集系统。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“According to the Science News for Students website, her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier in Amsterdam, which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system.(据“学生科学新闻”网站报道，她的系统受到阿姆斯特丹荷兰大气泡屏障的启发，该屏障产生气泡流，将废物捕获并引导到集水系统)”可知，垃圾收集系统产生一个气泡幕来阻挡垃圾。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“In her backyard pool, Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles. She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain. “For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish,” she explained to Science News for Students, “I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”(在她家后院的游泳池里，佩里用一台空气压缩机将空气通过一根满是孔的管道输送出去，形成一股气泡流。她试验了不同的压力，以确保有足够的气泡形成一个完整的帘子。“为了让气泡系统真正工作并收集垃圾，”她向学生科学新闻解释说，“我必须知道空气压缩机应该推出多大的压力。”)”可知，倒数第二段的主要内容是佩里测试她的系统的方式。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river. So, with the help of her father, she designed a system to collect and remove trash in waterways.(佩里想把河水清理干净，这样她就可以继续享受这条河了。因此，在她父亲的帮助下，她设计了一个收集和清除水道垃圾的系统)”以及第四段“According to the Science News for Students website, her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier in Amsterdam,
which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system. But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly.(据“学生科学新闻”网站报道，她的系统受到阿姆斯特丹荷兰大气泡屏障的启发，该屏障产生气泡流，将废物捕获并引导到集水系统。但佩里试图挑战自己，让她的系统更环保)”可推知，佩里有责任心，有创造力。故选C。
13．C 14．D 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。当遇到问题时，我们倾向于进行头脑风暴快速找到解决的方法，但是事实上，这种形式效率低，“头脑写作”在给出想法上有突出的优越性，而在集体智慧中，我们也需要集体判断才能确定顶级、最优的想法。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Group brainstorming usually backfires.(集体头脑风暴通常会适得其反)”及第二段“In brainstorming meetings, many good ideas are lost — and few are gained. Extensive evidence shows that when generating ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence.(在头脑风暴会议中，很多好主意都被忽略了，而得到的却很少。大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们无法最大限度地发挥集体智慧)”可知，根据文章所说，小组头脑风暴经常会忽视一些好主意，因此，这种形式是低效率的。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, a shift to a process called “brainwriting” is more effective.(为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，与其进行头脑风暴，不如转向一种名为“头脑写作”的过程，这种方法更为有效)”及第四段“For instance, during the 2010 Chilean mine rescue, time pressing, the rescue team established a global brain writing system to crowd source independent ideas, avoiding time-consuming brainstorming. An entrepreneur offered a tiny plastic telephone that became the sole means of communicating with the miners while a 24-year-old engineer’s suggestion resulted in the creation of a specialized drill that ultimately saved the miners.(例如，在2010年智利矿难救援中，由于时间紧迫，救援团队建立了一个全球头脑写作系统，将独立的想法聚集在一起，避免了耗时的头脑风暴。一位企业家提供了一个微型塑料电话，这成为与矿工沟通的唯一手段，而一位24岁的工程师的建议促成了一种专门的钻头的发明，最终拯救了矿工)”可知，第四段描述援救旷工的过程反映出头脑写作“brainwriting”在产生想法方面的有效性。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and
her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is balanced participation.(组织行为学学者安妮塔·伍利及其同事的研究有助于解释这种方法为何有效。他们发现，集体智慧的关键在于均衡的参与)”及“The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into the conversation.(脑力写作的过程确保了所有的想法都被提上了台面，所有的声音都被带入了对话)”可知，本段描述了为什么脑力写作对比头脑风暴会效率更高，表明了所有人的想法都能平等参与头脑写作时力量是巨大的。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Individuals working alone produce greater varieties of novel ideas, both brilliant and terrible, than groups. It takes collective judgment to locate the signal within the noise and extract the best ideas.(单独工作的个人比集体工作产生更多种类的新想法，有出色的，也有糟糕的。这需要集体判断才能在噪音中找到信号并提取出最好的想法)”可知，在集体智慧中，需要集体判断才能确定顶级、最优的想法。故选A。
17．B 18．A 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机技术的演变和微型机器人的相关知识，包括其定义、尺寸、潜在应用以及目前面临的挑战等。
17．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“First, computers became small enough to sit on a desk and be brought into the home. Then, they were made lightweight and portable, giving us the laptop. Today, most people have something even smaller: a smartphone that can fit into a pocket.(首先，电脑变得足够小，可以放在桌子上，可以带进家里。然后，它们变得轻便便携，成为我们的笔记本电脑。如今，大多数人都拥有更小的东西：可以放进口袋的智能手机。)”可推测出，随着时间的推移，这项技术变得更小了。选项A“got more Automatic (变得更自动)”；选项B“became smaller. (变得更小)”；选项C“got wiser(变得更聪明)”；选项D“became larger (变得更大)”。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Since microbots are so small, they are potentially very cheap. Scientists and engineers working to develop these microbots believe that they could be used to explore environments or areas that are too small or dangerous for people.(由于微型机器人非常小，它们可能非常便宜。致力于开发这些微型机器人的科学家和工程师认为，它们可以用来探索对人类来说太小或危险的环境或区域。)”可知，微型机器人可以用来探索对人类来说太小或危险的环境或区域。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“At the moment, the biggest barrier to the development of these tiny machines is figuring out how to power a robot that can only contain an extremely small battery.(目前，开发这些微型机器的最大障碍是弄清楚如何为只能包含极小电池的机器人提供动力。)”可知，微型机器人未来发展的关键是如何为只能包含极小电池的机器人提供动力。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章全文内容可知，文章主要描述了计算机从大型设备发展到如今能够放入口袋的智能手机的过程，并进一步介绍了微型机器人和纳米机器人的存在和潜在应用。选项A“How Small the Technology Can Get(技术可以达到多么小的程度)” 准确地反映了文章的核心内容，即探讨技术可以达到多么小的程度。故选A。
21．A 22．D 23．B 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Z世代喜欢去图书馆的原因、新的读书方式、作者的读书见解。
21．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The young love libraries because they are secure, comfortable, free and-as my 11-year-old would say-“aesthetic”. (年轻人喜欢图书馆，因为它们安全、舒适、免费，而且——正如我11岁的儿子所说——“有美感”。)”可知，在图书馆他们享受着安全感和自由感，这是年轻人喜欢图书馆的原因。故选A。
22．推理判断题。由文章第三段“There is, sometimes, a sense of nostalgic (怀旧的) cosplay in the way young people read. In New York, for example, the latest TikTok-fuelled craze is reading with strangers in bars. You have to buy a ticket in advance, and then you all gather and sit in silence for 30 minutes, reading whatever book you’ve brought along. Like an expensive version of going to the library, except that afterwards you all have a drink and talk about books. (有时候，在年轻人的阅读方式中会有一种怀旧的角色扮演感。例如，在纽约，tiktok掀起的最新热潮是在酒吧里与陌生人一起阅读。你必须提前买票，然后大家聚在一起，安静地坐30分钟，读你带来的任何一本书。就像去图书馆的昂贵版本，除了之后你们都喝一杯，谈论书。)”可知，纽约最新的TikTok热潮是提前买票然后在酒吧里和陌生人一起阅读自己带去的书籍，看似与过去图书馆阅读一样，但是昂贵，有一种怀旧的角色扮演感；由此可知，纽约最新的TikTok热潮一种融合新旧的阅读时尚。故选D。
23．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“To me, reading is a private pleasure, while screens — TV or cinema — are social. I did once, in a fit of ambitious parenting, introduce a “family reading hour”,
during which my husband and children were pressed to join me at the fireside for some silent reading. It could not have felt more performative if we had dressed up in top hats and crinolines (旧时的衬裙). (对我来说，阅读是一种私人乐趣，而屏幕——电视或电影——是社交的。有一次，出于养育子女的雄心壮志，我推出了‘家庭阅读时间’，在此期间，我的丈夫和孩子们被要求和我一起在炉边默读。如果我们戴上大礼帽，穿上衬裙，也不会感觉更有表演感。)”可知，从第4段可以了解到作者认为阅读是一种个人享受的方式。故选B。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“A recent survey in the US found that Gen Z-ers and Millennials (千禧一代) visit libraries more often than their parents or grandparents. (美国最近的一项调查发现，z世代和千禧一代比他们的父母或祖父母更频繁地访问图书馆。年轻人喜欢图书馆，因为它们安全、舒适、免费，而且——正如我11岁的儿子所说——‘有美感’。)”和最后一段中“ But still, I applaud these young readers — for knowing what is good for them, for seeking out human connection, for finding the beauty and pleasure in old institutions, and for bringing new life to the library. (但是，我还是要为这些年轻的读者鼓掌——因为他们知道什么对自己有好处，因为他们寻求人际关系，因为他们在旧的机构中发现了美丽和快乐，因为他们给图书馆带来了新的生命。)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国一项调查发现Z世代和千禧一代更喜欢去图书馆，文章分析了喜欢去图书馆的原因、新的读书方式，作者认为Z一代给图书馆带来了新的生命。由此可知，选项A“A Gen Z Way to Refresh Libraries (让图书馆焕发生机的Z一代方式)”，能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A。
25．B 26．C 27．D 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个繁荣的世界应该用多种价值观来衡量，企业不仅要成为追求经济增长的先锋，还要成为追求全体社会公民幸福的先锋。
25．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“The widespread definition of prosperity focuses on economic power and growth as measures of success. Let’s take a look at history. The Second Industrial Revolution enabled mass production and created a sufficient supply of goods. This has greatly increased the importance of money in its role as “a store of value, ” and “a medium of exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued economic power as the only indicator of prosperity, such as GDP. Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified. (对繁荣
的普遍定义侧重于将经济实力和增长作为成功的衡量标准。让我们来看看历史。第二次工业革命使大规模生产成为可能，并创造了充足的商品供应。这大大增加了货币作为“价值储存手段”和“交换媒介”的重要性。因此，我们把经济实力作为衡量繁荣的唯一指标，比如GDP。全球化和技术发展的浪潮促进了整体经济增长，但也让少数强者获得了更大的权力，同时剥削了大多数弱者。结果，不平等加剧，不团结加剧。)”可知，作者对普遍接受的繁荣标准持批判性态度。故选B。
26．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified. (全球化和技术发展的浪潮促进了整体经济增长，但也让少数强者获得了更大的权力，同时剥削了大多数弱者。结果，不平等加剧，不团结加剧。)”可知，技术进化的副作用是贫富差距的扩大。故选C。
27．细节理解题。由文章第三段“The path to a truly prosperous world requires a shift in focus towards the most suitable happiness for all, in addition to economic power. Defining happiness, however, is a complex task. What makes people happy The degree to which the same thing creates happiness differs from person to person. Happiness is subjective and complicated. This is a world of “multiple values” where each of us determines worth as opposed to “one fixed price” based merely on an economic perspective. Individuals shouldn’t be defined by a single identity or role but by multidimensional nature as well as multiple roles making independent choices and taking actions for their happiness in different aspects. (通往真正繁荣世界的道路，除了经济实力之外，还需要把重点转向最适合所有人的幸福。然而，定义幸福是一项复杂的任务。什么能让人快乐 同一件事给人带来快乐的程度因人而异。幸福是主观的、复杂的。这是一个“多重价值”的世界，我们每个人都决定价值，而不是仅仅基于经济观点的“一个固定价格”。个体不应该被定义为单一的身份或角色，而应该被定义为多维的本质和多重的角色，在不同的方面为自己的幸福做出独立的选择和行动。)”可知，一个繁荣的世界应该用多种价值观来衡量。故选D。
28．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Businesses must be pioneers in pursuing not only economic growth but also the happiness of all citizens of society. Companies can contribute through the pursuit of social value as well as economic profit. At the heart of this lies “purpose”. A company’s purpose defines the value it brings to society. The true worth of a company should be determined
not just by the return s it creates for shareholders but by the value it creates for society as a whole. (企业不仅要成为追求经济增长的先锋，还要成为追求全体社会公民幸福的先锋。企业可以通过追求社会价值和经济利润来做出贡献。这个问题的核心是“目的”。公司的宗旨决定了它给社会带来的价值。一家公司的真正价值不仅取决于它为股东创造的回报，还应取决于它为整个社会创造的价值。)”可知，本文是写给企业管理者读的。故选B。
29．C 30．A 31．A 32．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A lot of manufactured glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate (碳酸钠) can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items, but it doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. (今天，许多由沙子和碳酸钠制成的人造玻璃可以重复使用或熔化并回收成新的物品，但它不会在环境中分解，并将在垃圾填埋场中存放数千年)”和第二段中“That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months. (这种（新）玻璃对环境的影响较小，可以在几周或几个月内分解)”可知，新型玻璃的优点是它需要更少的时间来分解。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Throughout the experimental period, no mice exhibited any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation, and none of them experienced obvious weight loss (在整个实验期间，没有小鼠表现出任何可能由玻璃植入引起的疼痛相关行为，也没有小鼠出现明显的体重减轻)”可知，研究人员要在老鼠体内植入玻璃珠是为了评估玻璃在生物学上是否无害。故选A项。
31．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment, this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass, because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this hurdle, the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating-cooling procedure applied in glass manufacturing. (尽管氨基酸在环境中会随着时间的推移而降解，但这种可生物降解的玻璃不如传统玻璃耐用，因为氨基酸在高温下会迅速分解。为了克服这一hurdle，研究人员使用玻璃制造中应用的加热-冷却程序对氨基酸进行了化学改性)”可知，这种氨基酸玻璃确实可以随着时间的推移而降解，但是它却不如传统的玻璃那样经久耐用，因为氨基酸在加热下会迅速分解。由此可推
知，下文中的“hurdle”指的是氨基酸的不稳定性，是研究者要克服的障碍。故选A项。
32．推理判断题。由最后一段中Yan Xuehai说的话“It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far from large-scale commercialization (需要指出的是，这种可生物降解的玻璃目前正处于实验室阶段，远未大规模商业化)”可知，这种可降解玻璃目前仍在实验室阶段，还远远不能大规模商业化生产，所以Yan Xuehai态度是不确定的。故选D项。
33．C 34．D 35．D 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最近的一项研究表明，像法国斗牛犬这样的扁脸狗之所以难以入睡，是因为它们的一个不同寻常的头部形状。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“French bulldogs specifically suffer from increased daytime sleepiness, probably due to not getting enough night-time sleep. (法国斗牛犬白天嗜睡加剧，可能是因为夜间睡眠不足)”可知，扁脸狗白天嗜睡加剧的原因可能是它们的夜间睡眠不足。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Researchers said this was similar to the way babies sleep, suggesting that dogs, like French bulldogs, keep up the sleep patterns of puppyhood. (研究人员表示，这与婴儿的睡眠方式相似，这表明狗和法国斗牛犬一样，保持着婴儿时期的睡眠模式)”可知，扁脸狗成年后可能还保持着幼年时期的睡眠模式。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They found that dogs with brachycephaly had an increase in sleep spindles, which in dogs has been associated with poorer learning when it comes to training. (他们发现，患有短头畸形的狗的睡眠纺锤波增加，这与狗在训练中学习能力较差有关)”可推知，扁脸狗睡眠纺锤波的增加意味着它们在训练中可能面临学习方面的挑战。故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A researcher said, “We know that some of these dogs will sleep with a ball in their mouth, and people think it’s cute, but they’re actually doing it in order to keep their airways open.”(一位研究人员说：“我们知道，这些狗中的一些会嘴里叼着球睡觉，人们认为这很可爱，但它们这样做实际上是为了保持呼吸道畅通。”)”可知，有些扁脸狗睡觉时嘴里叼着玩具是为了保持它们的呼吸道畅通。故选C。
37．C 38．D 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项利用低成本的乒乓球制作成低频隔音面板
来帮助阻挡噪音的科学研究。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Because it is produced by a range of sources and is less affected by structures than higher-frequency sound, low-frequency noise can be challenging to avoid.(由于低频噪声由多种来源产生，并且受结构的影响比高频声音小，因此低频噪声很难避免。)”可知，由于低频噪声由多种来源产生，因此低频噪声很难避免。故选C。
38．词句猜测题。词义猜测题。根据第三段末“that uses ping-pong balls to prevent sound passing through(它使用乒乓球来阻止声音通过)”以及第四段中“Our motivation was to use these easily accessible objects to create a low-frequency soundproof panel structure.(我们的动机是使用这些容易接近的物体来创建一个低频隔音面板结构。)”可知，研究人员用乒乓球作为一种隔音替代品，因此推断画线词词义和barrier“障碍”接近。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据第六段中“proving it is possible to design a sound absorption panel without expensive materials(证明不需要昂贵的材料就可以设计出吸声板)”可知，文中提到了用乒乓球制作隔音的声学超表面的优势是成本较低。故选A。
40．主旨大意题。作者在首段提出乒乓球可以帮助吸收城市的噪音，然后在下文对此研究进行了详细介绍，由此判断B项：Ping-pong Balls Function Well as Sound Absorbers(乒乓球有很好的吸音功能)可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
（2024·山西晋中·模拟预测）Did you know many adults sit down for more than nine hours a day Maybe you’re one of them! Whether it’s working at a desk, sitting motionless in a car, bus or train or lounging on the sofa watching TV, we have a much more sedentary lifestyle than our parents and grandparents did. The question that this raises is just what it is doing to our bodies.
The news isn’t good. A study carried out in the 1950s compared bus drivers with the conductors, who walked around the bus selling tickets. It showed that drivers, who spent many hours sitting at the wheel, were twice as likely to have heart attacks than the more active conductors. In fact, prolonged sitting has been associated with a number of different conditions, even in people who otherwise take regular exercise. If you sit down all day, you burn far fewer calories than someone with a more active job. There are suggestions that its lows your metabolism (新陈代谢) and makes it harder for your body to regulate blood sugar levels increasing the risk of diabetes.
One possible answer to this s problem is for desk workers to use standing desks, to spend at least part of their day on their feet. One small study showed that office workers who stood for three hours after lunch had a much smaller increase in blood sugar levels, while another suggested that by standing for three or four hours a day over the period of a year, people would burn as many calories as if they had run ten marathons.
Other experts question this figure and point out that standing all day can also have negative impacts, such as leg or back pain, recommending that if people do want to use standing desks, they should gradually increase the amount of time that they spend on their feet. Crucially, they also point out that there are many alternatives to sitting, and that their impact is unlikely to be the same; walking, for example, burns far more calories than standing.
1．What is the text mainly talk about
A．The dangers of long sitting. B．Measures to burn more calories.
C．Disadvantages of standing at work. D．Suggestions from the experts on health.
2．Which is not true according to the text
A．Walking burns far more calories than standing.
B．We are more active than our previous generations.
C．Leg or back pain could be a negative effect of standing all day.
D．Not being able to regulate blood sugar levels can lead to diabetes.
3．Who may burn the least calories
A．A bus conductor. B．A marathon runner.
C．A sitting desk worker. D．A standing office worker.
4．What is other experts’ attitude towards the figure from the last study
A．Ambiguous B．Approving. C．Skeptical. D．Dismissive.
（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·二模）The Mona Lisa is the famous Leonardo da Vinci painting of a woman with a mysterious smile. This week, the painting gave up a secret.
Scientists used X-rays to examine the chemical organization of an extremely small part of the more than 500-year-old painting. The researchers discovered a technique Leonardo used in the work. A team in France and Britain discovered an oil paint used for the Mona Lisa was a special, new chemical mixture. It suggests that the Italian artist may have been in an experimental mood when he set to work on the painting early in the 16th century.
“He was someone who loved to experiment, and each of his paintings is completely different technically,” said Victor Gonzalez. He is the study’s lead writer. “In this case, it’s interesting to see that indeed there is a specific technique for the ground layer of the Mona Lisa,” he said in an interview with The Associated Press. Specifically, the researchers found a rare compound, plumbonacrite (水蛭石), in Leonardo’s first layer of paint. The discovery, Gonzalez said, proved that da Vinci most likely used lead oxide to thicken and help dry his paint.
The scientists looked into its atomic structure using X-rays in a synchrotron (同步加速器). The machine moves particles at close to the speed of light, permitting researchers to look deeper into the paint structure. “Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe,” Gonzalez said. “It’s the first time we can actually chemically prove it.”
Dutch artist Rembrandt may have used a similar mixture when he was painting in the 17th century. Gonzalez and other researchers have found plumbonacrite in his work, too. “It also tells us that those recipes were passed on for centuries,” Gonzalez said. “It was a very good recipe.”
But the Mona Lisa and additional works by Leonardo still have other secrets to tell. “There are plenty, plenty more things to discover,” Gonzalez said. “What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.”
5．What is the secret of the painting of the Mona Lisa
A．The use of plumbonacrite. B．Leonardo’s love for experiment.
C．The way to dry the painting. D．The oil in the first layer.
6．What is Gonzalez’s attitude to the painting’s secret
A．Unclear. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Disappointed.
7．How does the author support the topic of the text
A．By making comparisons. B．By listing related examples.
C．By describing the study process. D．By quoting experts’ opinions.
8．What is the best title for the text
A．A Creative Painter B．A Smiling Mona Lisa
C．A New Discovery in the Mona Lisa D．A Pioneering Painting
（2024·内蒙古包头·二模）Waterways are important for every country around the world. They provide not only water for everyday use but also routes for transport. However, due to industrial activity, many of them are now polluted.
Dakota Perry from the US has experienced water pollution first-hand. The 15-year-old high school girl told Alabama Local News that she spends a lot of time going on boat rides with her dad on the river behind their house. However, the river has become littered with plastic bags, bottles and cups. Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river. So, with the help of her father, she designed a system to collect and remove rubbish in waterways.
In May, Perry put forward her solution at the Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair held in Georgia, US, and received a Judge’s Award from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for her project.
According to the Science News for Students website, her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble (气泡) Barrier in Amsterdam, which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system. But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly. She planned to create a curtain of bubbles that stretched the river diagonally (对角地). The curtain would stop the floating rubbish and then push it toward the shore. Once there, a conveyor run by a solar-powered battery would carry the waste to a dustbin.
In her backyard pool, Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles. She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain. “For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish,” she explained to Science News for Students, “I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”
After she tested her system for collecting rubbish, Perry found that it worked better than expected. Next, she plans to work out how to use the power of the river to run the air compressor.
9．What motivated Perry to design a rubbish-collecting system
A．Her father’s encouragement.
B．Her desire to protect a nearby river.
C．A visit to a science and engineering fair.
D．An invention of a Dutch high school student.
10．What can we know about the rubbish-collecting system
A．It was designed by Perry alone.
B．It makes power to run the air compressor.
C．It collects solar energy to remove rubbish.
D．It creates a bubble curtain to block rubbish.
11．What is the 5th paragraph mainly about
A．Advantages of the system. B．The way of testing the system.
C．The improvement on the system. D．Challenges in the design process.
12．What kind of person is Perry
A．Efficient and ambitious. B．Helpful and hardworking.
C．Responsible and creative. D．Professional and adventurous.
（2024·江西九江·二模）When facing an extremely annoying problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm, aiming to get the best ideas quickly. I love seeing it happen — except for one tiny wrinkle. Group brainstorming usually backfires.
In brainstorming meetings, many good ideas are lost — and few are gained. Extensive evidence shows that when generating ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence. Surprisingly enough, individuals working alone tend to produce more and better ideas compared to brainstorming in groups.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, a shift to a process called “brainwriting” is more effective. Initially, you ask everyone to generate ideas independently. Next, you pool them and share them anonymously (匿名地) among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. By developing and assessing ideas individually before choosing and detailing them, teams can surface and advance possibilities that might not get attention otherwise.
For instance, during the 2010 Chilean mine rescue, time pressing, the rescue team established a global brain writing system to crowd source independent ideas, avoiding time-consuming brainstorming. An entrepreneur offered a tiny plastic telephone that became the sole means of communicating with the miners while a 24-year-old engineer’s suggestion resulted in the creation of a specialized drill that ultimately saved the miners.
Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is balanced participation. In brainstorming meetings,
participation can easily become dominated by the most influential people. The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into the conversation. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room — it’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity, but it doesn’t end there. Individuals working alone produce greater varieties of novel ideas, both brilliant and terrible, than groups. It takes collective judgment to locate the signal within the noise and extract the best ideas.
13．Which of the following best describes “group brainstorming” according to this passage
A．Creative. B．Productive.
C．Inefficient. D．Fundamental.
14．Why is the 2010 rescue mentioned in paragraph 4
A．To illustrate the significance of specific equipment in the rescue.
B．To show the importance of brainstorming in emergency situations.
C．To highlight the role of influential people in collective intelligence.
D．To demonstrate the effectiveness of brainwriting in generating ideas.
15．What is mainly discussed in paragraph 5
A．The importance of collective intelligence.
B．The goal of becoming the smartest person.
C．The power of equal involvement in brainwriting.
D．The influence of powerful individuals in decision-making.
16．What is the function of collective judgment in collective intelligence
A．Identifying the top ideas. B．Finding more good solutions.
C．Replacing individual creativity. D．Encouraging group brainstorming.
（2024·新疆喀什·二模）Over the decades, computers have affected our lives to an astonishing degree. When the first modern computer was conceptualized and built in the 20th century, it was so large that it took up a whole room. Over time, the technology shrank. First, computers became small enough to sit on a desk and be brought into the home. Then, they were made lightweight and portable, giving us the laptop. Today, most people have something even smaller: a smartphone that can fit into a pocket.
Though that's as compact as most people are used to, computers and technology are getting even tinier! One of the tiniest forms of technology available today is the microbot. A microbot is a very tiny robot -a machine programmable by a computer—that is built to perform specific tasks. You might tend to refer to this as just a small robot, but the size and dimensions of microbots are actually quite precise. A microbot is less than one
millimeter in width, approximately the size of the tip of a pencil. In comparison, a small robot, which can be up to 100 centimeters in width, would be absolutely large. If you think that microbots are as small as you can get, think again. Nanobots smaller than one micrometer exist, but these are so small that they aren't visible to the naked eye(肉眼).
Since microbots are so small, they are potentially very cheap. Scientists and engineers working to develop these microbots believe that they could be used to explore environments or areas that are too small or dangerous for people.
Because the computing power of one single microbot isn't that large, microbots could be moved and used in large groups. At the moment, the biggest barrier to the development of these tiny machines is figuring out how to power a robot that can only contain an extremely small battery.
17．What does the underlined word “shrank” in Paragraph I probably mean
A．got more Automatic. B．became smaller.
C．got wiser. D．became larger.
18．What can we know about microbots
A．They can be used to do risky tasks. B．They are relatively expensive.
C．They can't be seen by the human eyes. D．They aren't as precise as expected.
19．What is the key to the future development of the tiny robots
A．Its function. B．Its material.
C．Its battery power. D．Its maintenance cost.
20．Which is the most suitable title for the text
A．How Small the Technology Can Get B．How Robots Change Our Future Lives
C．Why Human Beings Prefer Tiny Technology D．Why Microbots Are Widely Used Worldwide
（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）A recent survey in the US found that Gen Z-ers and Millennials (千禧一代) visit libraries more often than their parents or grandparents. The young love libraries because they are secure, comfortable, free and — as my 11-year-old would say — “aesthetic”. This means they look good in the background of an Instagram post or TikTok video. It’s also a great place to meet people. If you’re both young and in a library, chances are you have similar interests.
And then, too, there are the books. Gen Z-ers are turning out to be big readers, especially of paper books. Even though, or perhaps because, they have in their pockets the most limitlessly distracting devices ever invented, many are deliberately choosing to pick up a piece of 15th-century technology instead. They like the fact that books are self-contained and require concentration.
There is, sometimes, a sense of nostalgic (怀旧的) cosplay in the way young people read. In New York, for example, the latest TikTok-fuelled craze is reading with strangers in bars. You have to buy a ticket in advance, and then you all gather and sit in silence for 30 minutes, reading whatever book you’ve brought along. Like an expensive version of going to the library, except that afterwards you all have a drink and talk about books.
The very thought of it makes me suffer, but that’s because I’m a child of the 1970s and 80s. To me, reading is a private pleasure, while screens — TV or cinema — are social. I did once, in a fit of ambitious parenting, introduce a “family reading hour”, during which my husband and children were pressed to join me at the fireside for some silent reading. It could not have felt more performative if we had dressed up in top hats and crinolines (旧时的衬裙). But still, I applaud these young readers — for knowing what is good for them, for seeking out human connection, for finding the beauty and pleasure in old institutions, and for bringing new life to the library.
21．Which of the following is a reason why the young love libraries
A．They enjoy the sense of safety and freedom.
B．They are free to use social media in libraries.
C．They consider e-reading a way to discover beauty.
D．They expect to meet people with different interests.
22．What do we know about the latest TikTok-fuelled craze in New York
A．It’s a trend of reading with the family in bars.
B．It’s a learning approach advocating silent reading.
C．It’s a gathering attended by strangers free of charge.
D．It’s a reading fashion integrating the old and the new.
23．What can be learned about the author’s understanding of reading from paragraph 4
A．It is a delightful social experience. B．It is a way of personal enjoyment.
C．It is a significant parenting pattern. D．It is a painful routine practice.
24．Which of the following is the best title for the text
A．A Gen Z Way to Refresh Libraries
B．A Realistic Look of Library Reading
C．A Broad View of Libraries and Social Media
D．A New Way to See Human Connection with Libraries
（2024·浙江绍兴·二模）To build a prosperous (繁荣的) society, a fundamental understanding of the modern economy as a driving force in today’s world is essential.
What kind of prosperity have we achieved so far The widespread definition of prosperity focuses on
economic power and growth as measures of success. Let’s take a look at history. The Second Industrial Revolution enabled mass production and created a sufficient supply of goods. This has greatly increased the importance of money in its role as “a store of value, ” and “a medium of exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued economic power as the only indicator of prosperity, such as GDP. Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified.
The path to a truly prosperous world requires a shift in focus towards the most suitable happiness for all, in addition to economic power. Defining happiness, however, is a complex task. What makes people happy The degree to which the same thing creates happiness differs from person to person. Happiness is subjective and complicated. This is a world of “multiple values” where each of us determines worth as opposed to “one fixed price” based merely on an economic perspective. Individuals shouldn’t be defined by a single identity or role but by multidimensional nature as well as multiple roles making independent choices and taking actions for their happiness in different aspects.
Businesses must be pioneers in pursuing not only economic growth but also the happiness of all citizens of society. Companies can contribute through the pursuit of social value as well as economic profit. At the heart of this lies “purpose”. A company’s purpose defines the value it brings to society. The true worth of a company should be determined not just by the return s it creates for shareholders but by the value it creates for society as a whole.
25．What is the author’s attitude to the widely accepted standard of prosperity
A．Indifferent. B．Critical. C．Uncertain. D．Approving.
26．What is the side effect of technological evolution
A．The slower economic growth speed.
B．The sharp reduction of job opportunities.
C．The enlarged gap between the rich and the poor.
D．The increasing conflict between different nations.
27．Which statement will the author agree with according to the passage
A．Happiness is changeable and beyond control.
B．Happiness largely depends on economic power.
C．The pursuit of profit determines a company’s true worth.
D．A prosperous world should be measured by multiple values.
28．Who are the main intended readers of the text
A．Social psychologists. B．Enterprise administrators.
C．School educators. D．Technological researchers.
（2024·湖南·一模）A lot of manufactured glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate (碳酸钠) can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items, but it doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. A team of Chinese scientists aimed to deal with this environmental concern by developing an eco-conscious alternative.
In a study published recently in the journal Science Advances, a team at the Chinese Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Process Engineering describe how they engineered biodegradable glass made from amino acids (氨基酸). That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months.
In a test, glass beads (珠) made out of amino acids were placed under the skin of mice, and the breakdown of the beads and the skin healing process were observed for 30 days. A diagram from the study shows how the mice’s bodies broke down the beads. In that month, the glass implant degraded beneath the skin, the wound site healed, and fur grew back. “Throughout the experimental period, no mice exhibited any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation, and none of them experienced obvious weight loss,” the researchers wrote in their paper.
Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment, this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass, because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this hurdle, the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating-cooling procedure applied in glass manufacturing. This is when materials for the glass are heated to become soft and then rapidly cooled so as to make the glass tougher.
“It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far from large-scale commercialization,” emphasized Yan Xuehai, a professor involved in the study, in a press release.
29．What is an advantage of the new glass
A．It can be recycled at a low cost. B．It is produced without pollution.
C．It takes less time to. break down. D．It has a wide range of applications.
30．Why did researchers implant glass beads inside mice
A．To assess whether the glass is biologically harmless.
B．To investigate why amino acids are medically useful.
C．To explore how long it takes for the glass to degrade.
D．To observe if the glass can be melt down in mice’s stomach.
31．What does the underlined word “hurdle” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．The instability of amino acids.
B．The difficulty of selecting materials for the glass.
C．Environmental problems caused by traditional glass.
D．The challenge of improving the heating-cooling procedure.
32．What is the attitude of Yan Xuehai towards the new glass’s launch on the market
A．Optimistic. B．Critical. C．Indifferent. D．Uncertain.
（2024·广东湛江·二模）A recent study reveals that flat-faced dogs, such as French bulldogs, have difficulty sleeping because of an unusual feature: their head shape. French bulldogs specifically suffer from increased daytime sleepiness, probably due to not getting enough night-time sleep.
With their big eyes staring right back at the owner, and wrinkles rolled over their noses, French bulldogs have shot up in popularity in recent years. But their distinct features and small size come with a number of health issues.
The researchers studied the sleep patterns of 92 dogs accompanied by their owners. They found that compared with other dogs, the flat-faced dogs experience a longer period of rapid eye movement (REM), regarded as the stage of sleep with most vivid dreams where the brain is active while the body remains still. Researchers said this was similar to the way babies sleep, suggesting that dogs, like French bulldogs, keep up the sleep patterns of puppyhood. Their night-time sleep is shorter and flat-faced dogs are also more likely to snoring (打鼾). “Sleep deprivation is increasingly recognized as a major cause of suffering in dogs with extreme brachycephaly (短头畸形),” said Dan O’Neill, an associate professor from the University of London.
The researchers employed an electroencephalogram (脑电图) throughout the dogs’ sleep. They looked particularly at sleep spindles (睡眠纺锤波). They found that dogs with brachycephaly had an increase in sleep spindles, which in dogs has been associated with poorer learning when it comes to training.
A researcher said, “We know that some of these dogs will sleep with a ball in their mouth, and people think it’s cute, but they’re actually doing it in order to keep their airways open.” O’Neill agreed, “Many owners find this phenomenon very funny and post videos online showing how comical their dogs are as they sleep with a toy in their mouth or with their neck extended or repeatedly waking up to breathe during sleep.”
33．What may lend to flat-faced dogs increased daytime sleepiness
A．Their tendency to sleep with owners.
B．Their preference for daytime napping.
C．Their shorter night-time sleep due to the head shape.
D．Their habit of sleeping in uncomfortable positions.
34．What do we say about flat-laced dogs from paragraph 3
A．They differ from human beings in REM.
B．They require less sleep than other species.
C．They’re less likely to suffer sleep disturbances.
D．They maintain puppy-like sleep patterns as adults.
35．What does the increase in sleep spindles in flat-laced dogs imply
A．They have a stronger memory during sleep.
B．They have a strong desire to sleep during the night.
C．They are more likely to succeed in hard training.
D．They may face challenges in learning during training.
36．Why do some flat-faced dogs sleep with a toy in their mouths
A．They want to have pleasant dreams. B．It prevents them from snoring loudly.
C．It helps them maintain an open airway. D．They enjoy playing with toys while sleeping.
（23-24高三下·甘肃武威·阶段练习）Long-term exposure to low-frequency noise can cause many health problems, but the solution may be found in an unexpected object, a ping-pong ball. Conventionally thought of as the plastic balls that speed through the air during a fast-speed game of table tennis, with a few changes, ping-pong balls can help absorb the city noise.
Low-frequency noise is everywhere in cities, near roads, and by airports. Though potentially heard as background in the acoustic (声学的) landscape, it can lead to earaches, breathing problems and other long-term harmful effects. Because it is produced by a range of sources and is less affected by structures than higher-frequency sound, low-frequency noise can be challenging to avoid.
In Journal of Applied Physics, researchers from the University of Lille and the National Technical University of Athens describe an acoustic metasurface (超表面) that uses ping-pong balls to prevent sound passing through.
“Ping-pong balls are well-known, everyday objects, present in large numbers all over the world,” said author Robine Sabat. “Our motivation was to use these easily accessible objects to create a low-frequency soundproof panel structure. Ping-pong balls therefore present a suitable alternative to sound insulators.”
Acoustic metasurfaces are materials specially engineered to handle sound waves. This metasurface uses ping-pong balls with small holes, acting as Helmholtz resonators (共振器). More resonant frequencies meant the device was able to absorb more sound. At the success of two coupled resonators, the researchers added more, until their device looked like a square sheet of ping-pong balls covered with holes, multiplying the number of resonant
frequencies that could be absorbed.
By adjusting the number of balls, number of holes, and hole sizes, the researchers could change the metasurface’s acoustic properties, proving it is possible to design a sound absorption panel without expensive materials.
“The potential of this metasurface extends beyond sound absorption,” said Sabat. “It can be broadened to achieve various functions similar to other metasurfaces. These functionalities include sound focusing, unconventional sound reflection and more.”
37．What makes low-frequency noise hard to avoid
A．Its dull background. B．Its covering range.
C．Its various sources. D．Its surrounding structures.
38．What does the underlined word “insulators” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Sources. B．Levels. C．Effects. D．Barriers.
39．What is an advantage of the newly developed metasurface
A．It costs little to make. B．It has light weight.
C．It is convenient to use. D．It is environmentally friendly.
40．What can be the best title for the text
A．Low-frequency Noise Can Cause Diseases
B．Ping-pong Balls Function Well as Sound Absorbers
C．Acoustic Metasurface Can Address Noise Problem
D．Ping-pong Balls Show Potential in Many Research Fields
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了久坐的危害以及解决办法。
1．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Did you know many adults sit down for more than nine hours a day ( 你知道很多成年人每天坐着的时间超过9个小时吗 )”和“The question that this raises is just what it is doing to our bodies.(这带来的问题是它对我们的身体有什么影响。)”和文章第二段“If you sit down all day, you burn far fewer calories than someone with a more active job. There are suggestions that its lows your metabolism (新陈代谢) and makes it harder for your body to regulate blood sugar levels increasing the risk of diabetes.(如果你整天坐着，你燃烧的卡路里比那些从事更活跃工作的人要少得多。有迹象表明，它会降低你的新陈代谢，使你的身体更难调节血糖水平，从而增加患糖尿病的风险。)”可知，文章主要介绍了久坐的危害。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Whether it’s working at a desk, sitting motionless in a car, bus or train or lounging on the sofa watching TV, we have a much more sedentary lifestyle than our parents and grandparents did.(无论是在办公桌前工作，在汽车、公共汽车或火车上一动不动地坐着，还是懒洋洋地躺在沙发上看电视，我们的生活方式比我们的父母和祖父母要久坐得多。)”可知，我们没有前几代人活跃，因此B项表述错误。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A study carried out in the 1950s compared bus drivers with the conductors, who walked around the bus selling tickets. It showed that drivers, who spent many hours sitting at the wheel, were twice as likely to have heart attacks than the more active conductors.( 20世纪50年代进行的一项研究比较了公共汽车司机和售票员，售票员在公共汽车上走来走去卖票。研究表明，长时间坐在驾驶座上的司机患心脏病的可能性是那些更活跃的售票员的两倍。)”和文章第三段“while another suggested that by standing for three or four hours a day over the period of a year, people would burn as many calories as if they had run ten marathons.(而另一项研究表明，每天站立三到四个小时，一年下来，人们燃烧的卡路里相当于跑了十次马拉松。)”可知，坐着办公的人消耗的卡路里最少。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Other experts question this figure and point out that standing all day can also have negative impacts, such as leg or back pain, recommending that if people do want to use standing desks, they should gradually increase the amount of time that they spend on their feet.(其他专家对这一数字提出质疑，并指出整天站立也会产生负面影响，比如腿部或
背部疼痛，建议如果人们确实想使用站立式办公桌，他们应该逐渐增加站着的时间。)”可推知，其他专家对最后一项研究的数据持怀疑态度。故选C。
5．A 6．B 7．D 8．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章阐述了《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的新秘密，即使用了水蛭石增稠和干燥颜料的技巧。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段的“The researchers discovered a technique Leonardo used in the work. A team in France and Britain discovered an oil paint used for the Mona Lisa was a special, new chemical mixture.”（研究人员发现了达芬奇在作品中使用的一种技巧。法国和英国的一个研究小组发现，用于《蒙娜丽莎》的油画颜料是一种特殊的新型化学混合物。）和第三段的“the researchers found a rare compound, plumbonacrite, in Leonardo’s first layer of paint”（研究人员在达·芬奇的第一层颜料中发现了一种罕见的化合物——水蛭石）可知，文章介绍的《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的秘密是水蛭石的运用。故选A项。
6．推理判断题。根据第五段的“‘It also tells us that those recipes were passed on for centuries.’ Gonzalez said. ‘It was a very good recipe.’”（它还告诉我们，这些秘密流传了几个世纪。冈萨雷斯说。“这是一个非常好的秘密。”）和第六段的“‘There are plenty, plenty more things to discover,’ Gonzalez said. ‘What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.’”（“还有很多很多的东西等着我们去发现，”冈萨雷斯说。“我们所说的只是知识上的一点点进步。”）可知，冈萨雷斯对《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的新发现持“积极的”态度。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“the researchers found a rare compound, plumbonacrite, in Leonardo’s first layer of paint”（研究人员在达·芬奇的第一层颜料中发现了一种罕见的化合物——水蛭石）”。根据第四段“. “Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe,” Gonzalez said”（冈萨雷斯说：“水蛭石确实是他的配方的指纹。）根据第五段““It also tells us that those recipes were passed on for centuries,” Gonzalez said. “It was a very good recipe.”（冈萨雷斯说：“这也告诉我们，这些秘密已经流传了几个世纪。”“这是一个非常好的秘密。”）、根据第六段“There are plenty, plenty more things to discover,’ Gonzalez said. ‘What we are saying is just a little brick more in the knowledge.’”（“还有很多很多的东西等着我们去发现，”冈萨雷斯说。“我们所说的只是知识上的一点点进步。”）”的讲述可知，作者大篇幅的引用了研究者的话语来支撑文章的主题。故选D项。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段以及下文对《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画使用水蛭石技巧的研究介
绍可知，文章主要阐述了《蒙娜丽莎》这幅画的新发现——一项经久不衰的增稠和干燥颜料的技巧。所以短文的最佳标题为“《蒙娜丽莎》的新发现”。故选C项。
9．B 10．D 11．B 12．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了来自美国的达科塔·佩里设计垃圾收集系统来清理河流里的垃圾，文章介绍了系统的工作方式以及是如何接受测试的。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river. So, with the help of her father, she designed a system to collect and remove trash in waterways.(佩里想把河水清理干净，这样她就可以继续享受这条河了。因此，在她父亲的帮助下，她设计了一个收集和清除水道垃圾的系统)”可知，保护附近河流的愿望促使佩里设计了一个垃圾收集系统。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第四段“According to the Science News for Students website, her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier in Amsterdam, which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system.(据“学生科学新闻”网站报道，她的系统受到阿姆斯特丹荷兰大气泡屏障的启发，该屏障产生气泡流，将废物捕获并引导到集水系统)”可知，垃圾收集系统产生一个气泡幕来阻挡垃圾。故选D。
11．主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“In her backyard pool, Perry used an air compressor (压缩机) to send air through a pipe full of holes to create a stream of bubbles. She experimented with different amounts of pressure to make sure there would be enough bubbles to form a full curtain. “For the bubble system to actually work and collect rubbish,” she explained to Science News for Students, “I have to know how much pressure the air compressor is supposed to push out.”(在她家后院的游泳池里，佩里用一台空气压缩机将空气通过一根满是孔的管道输送出去，形成一股气泡流。她试验了不同的压力，以确保有足够的气泡形成一个完整的帘子。“为了让气泡系统真正工作并收集垃圾，”她向学生科学新闻解释说，“我必须知道空气压缩机应该推出多大的压力。”)”可知，倒数第二段的主要内容是佩里测试她的系统的方式。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据第二段“Perry wanted to clean up the water so she could continue to enjoy the river. So, with the help of her father, she designed a system to collect and remove trash in waterways.(佩里想把河水清理干净，这样她就可以继续享受这条河了。因此，在她父亲的帮助下，她设计了一个收集和清除水道垃圾的系统)”以及第四段“According to the Science News for Students website, her system was inspired by the Dutch Great Bubble Barrier in Amsterdam,
which creates a flow of bubbles that trap waste and directs it to a catchment system. But Perry tried to challenge herself and make her system more environment-friendly.(据“学生科学新闻”网站报道，她的系统受到阿姆斯特丹荷兰大气泡屏障的启发，该屏障产生气泡流，将废物捕获并引导到集水系统。但佩里试图挑战自己，让她的系统更环保)”可推知，佩里有责任心，有创造力。故选C。
13．C 14．D 15．C 16．A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。当遇到问题时，我们倾向于进行头脑风暴快速找到解决的方法，但是事实上，这种形式效率低，“头脑写作”在给出想法上有突出的优越性，而在集体智慧中，我们也需要集体判断才能确定顶级、最优的想法。
13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Group brainstorming usually backfires.(集体头脑风暴通常会适得其反)”及第二段“In brainstorming meetings, many good ideas are lost — and few are gained. Extensive evidence shows that when generating ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence.(在头脑风暴会议中，很多好主意都被忽略了，而得到的却很少。大量证据表明，当我们一起产生想法时，我们无法最大限度地发挥集体智慧)”可知，根据文章所说，小组头脑风暴经常会忽视一些好主意，因此，这种形式是低效率的。故选C。
14．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, a shift to a process called “brainwriting” is more effective.(为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，与其进行头脑风暴，不如转向一种名为“头脑写作”的过程，这种方法更为有效)”及第四段“For instance, during the 2010 Chilean mine rescue, time pressing, the rescue team established a global brain writing system to crowd source independent ideas, avoiding time-consuming brainstorming. An entrepreneur offered a tiny plastic telephone that became the sole means of communicating with the miners while a 24-year-old engineer’s suggestion resulted in the creation of a specialized drill that ultimately saved the miners.(例如，在2010年智利矿难救援中，由于时间紧迫，救援团队建立了一个全球头脑写作系统，将独立的想法聚集在一起，避免了耗时的头脑风暴。一位企业家提供了一个微型塑料电话，这成为与矿工沟通的唯一手段，而一位24岁的工程师的建议促成了一种专门的钻头的发明，最终拯救了矿工)”可知，第四段描述援救旷工的过程反映出头脑写作“brainwriting”在产生想法方面的有效性。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and
her colleagues helps to explain why this method works. They find that a key to collective intelligence is balanced participation.(组织行为学学者安妮塔·伍利及其同事的研究有助于解释这种方法为何有效。他们发现，集体智慧的关键在于均衡的参与)”及“The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into the conversation.(脑力写作的过程确保了所有的想法都被提上了台面，所有的声音都被带入了对话)”可知，本段描述了为什么脑力写作对比头脑风暴会效率更高，表明了所有人的想法都能平等参与头脑写作时力量是巨大的。故选C。
16．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Individuals working alone produce greater varieties of novel ideas, both brilliant and terrible, than groups. It takes collective judgment to locate the signal within the noise and extract the best ideas.(单独工作的个人比集体工作产生更多种类的新想法，有出色的，也有糟糕的。这需要集体判断才能在噪音中找到信号并提取出最好的想法)”可知，在集体智慧中，需要集体判断才能确定顶级、最优的想法。故选A。
17．B 18．A 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了计算机技术的演变和微型机器人的相关知识，包括其定义、尺寸、潜在应用以及目前面临的挑战等。
17．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“First, computers became small enough to sit on a desk and be brought into the home. Then, they were made lightweight and portable, giving us the laptop. Today, most people have something even smaller: a smartphone that can fit into a pocket.(首先，电脑变得足够小，可以放在桌子上，可以带进家里。然后，它们变得轻便便携，成为我们的笔记本电脑。如今，大多数人都拥有更小的东西：可以放进口袋的智能手机。)”可推测出，随着时间的推移，这项技术变得更小了。选项A“got more Automatic (变得更自动)”；选项B“became smaller. (变得更小)”；选项C“got wiser(变得更聪明)”；选项D“became larger (变得更大)”。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Since microbots are so small, they are potentially very cheap. Scientists and engineers working to develop these microbots believe that they could be used to explore environments or areas that are too small or dangerous for people.(由于微型机器人非常小，它们可能非常便宜。致力于开发这些微型机器人的科学家和工程师认为，它们可以用来探索对人类来说太小或危险的环境或区域。)”可知，微型机器人可以用来探索对人类来说太小或危险的环境或区域。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“At the moment, the biggest barrier to the development of these tiny machines is figuring out how to power a robot that can only contain an extremely small battery.(目前，开发这些微型机器的最大障碍是弄清楚如何为只能包含极小电池的机器人提供动力。)”可知，微型机器人未来发展的关键是如何为只能包含极小电池的机器人提供动力。故选C。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章全文内容可知，文章主要描述了计算机从大型设备发展到如今能够放入口袋的智能手机的过程，并进一步介绍了微型机器人和纳米机器人的存在和潜在应用。选项A“How Small the Technology Can Get(技术可以达到多么小的程度)” 准确地反映了文章的核心内容，即探讨技术可以达到多么小的程度。故选A。
21．A 22．D 23．B 24．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Z世代喜欢去图书馆的原因、新的读书方式、作者的读书见解。
21．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“The young love libraries because they are secure, comfortable, free and-as my 11-year-old would say-“aesthetic”. (年轻人喜欢图书馆，因为它们安全、舒适、免费，而且——正如我11岁的儿子所说——“有美感”。)”可知，在图书馆他们享受着安全感和自由感，这是年轻人喜欢图书馆的原因。故选A。
22．推理判断题。由文章第三段“There is, sometimes, a sense of nostalgic (怀旧的) cosplay in the way young people read. In New York, for example, the latest TikTok-fuelled craze is reading with strangers in bars. You have to buy a ticket in advance, and then you all gather and sit in silence for 30 minutes, reading whatever book you’ve brought along. Like an expensive version of going to the library, except that afterwards you all have a drink and talk about books. (有时候，在年轻人的阅读方式中会有一种怀旧的角色扮演感。例如，在纽约，tiktok掀起的最新热潮是在酒吧里与陌生人一起阅读。你必须提前买票，然后大家聚在一起，安静地坐30分钟，读你带来的任何一本书。就像去图书馆的昂贵版本，除了之后你们都喝一杯，谈论书。)”可知，纽约最新的TikTok热潮是提前买票然后在酒吧里和陌生人一起阅读自己带去的书籍，看似与过去图书馆阅读一样，但是昂贵，有一种怀旧的角色扮演感；由此可知，纽约最新的TikTok热潮一种融合新旧的阅读时尚。故选D。
23．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“To me, reading is a private pleasure, while screens — TV or cinema — are social. I did once, in a fit of ambitious parenting, introduce a “family reading hour”,
during which my husband and children were pressed to join me at the fireside for some silent reading. It could not have felt more performative if we had dressed up in top hats and crinolines (旧时的衬裙). (对我来说，阅读是一种私人乐趣，而屏幕——电视或电影——是社交的。有一次，出于养育子女的雄心壮志，我推出了‘家庭阅读时间’，在此期间，我的丈夫和孩子们被要求和我一起在炉边默读。如果我们戴上大礼帽，穿上衬裙，也不会感觉更有表演感。)”可知，从第4段可以了解到作者认为阅读是一种个人享受的方式。故选B。
24．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第一段中“A recent survey in the US found that Gen Z-ers and Millennials (千禧一代) visit libraries more often than their parents or grandparents. (美国最近的一项调查发现，z世代和千禧一代比他们的父母或祖父母更频繁地访问图书馆。年轻人喜欢图书馆，因为它们安全、舒适、免费，而且——正如我11岁的儿子所说——‘有美感’。)”和最后一段中“ But still, I applaud these young readers — for knowing what is good for them, for seeking out human connection, for finding the beauty and pleasure in old institutions, and for bringing new life to the library. (但是，我还是要为这些年轻的读者鼓掌——因为他们知道什么对自己有好处，因为他们寻求人际关系，因为他们在旧的机构中发现了美丽和快乐，因为他们给图书馆带来了新的生命。)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国一项调查发现Z世代和千禧一代更喜欢去图书馆，文章分析了喜欢去图书馆的原因、新的读书方式，作者认为Z一代给图书馆带来了新的生命。由此可知，选项A“A Gen Z Way to Refresh Libraries (让图书馆焕发生机的Z一代方式)”，能够概括文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选A。
25．B 26．C 27．D 28．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个繁荣的世界应该用多种价值观来衡量，企业不仅要成为追求经济增长的先锋，还要成为追求全体社会公民幸福的先锋。
25．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“The widespread definition of prosperity focuses on economic power and growth as measures of success. Let’s take a look at history. The Second Industrial Revolution enabled mass production and created a sufficient supply of goods. This has greatly increased the importance of money in its role as “a store of value, ” and “a medium of exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued economic power as the only indicator of prosperity, such as GDP. Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified. (对繁荣
的普遍定义侧重于将经济实力和增长作为成功的衡量标准。让我们来看看历史。第二次工业革命使大规模生产成为可能，并创造了充足的商品供应。这大大增加了货币作为“价值储存手段”和“交换媒介”的重要性。因此，我们把经济实力作为衡量繁荣的唯一指标，比如GDP。全球化和技术发展的浪潮促进了整体经济增长，但也让少数强者获得了更大的权力，同时剥削了大多数弱者。结果，不平等加剧，不团结加剧。)”可知，作者对普遍接受的繁荣标准持批判性态度。故选B。
26．推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Waves of globalization and technological evolution have promoted overall economic growth, but have allowed the few who are strong to achieve greater power while exploiting the many who are weak. Consequently, inequality has worsened, and disunity has intensified. (全球化和技术发展的浪潮促进了整体经济增长，但也让少数强者获得了更大的权力，同时剥削了大多数弱者。结果，不平等加剧，不团结加剧。)”可知，技术进化的副作用是贫富差距的扩大。故选C。
27．细节理解题。由文章第三段“The path to a truly prosperous world requires a shift in focus towards the most suitable happiness for all, in addition to economic power. Defining happiness, however, is a complex task. What makes people happy The degree to which the same thing creates happiness differs from person to person. Happiness is subjective and complicated. This is a world of “multiple values” where each of us determines worth as opposed to “one fixed price” based merely on an economic perspective. Individuals shouldn’t be defined by a single identity or role but by multidimensional nature as well as multiple roles making independent choices and taking actions for their happiness in different aspects. (通往真正繁荣世界的道路，除了经济实力之外，还需要把重点转向最适合所有人的幸福。然而，定义幸福是一项复杂的任务。什么能让人快乐 同一件事给人带来快乐的程度因人而异。幸福是主观的、复杂的。这是一个“多重价值”的世界，我们每个人都决定价值，而不是仅仅基于经济观点的“一个固定价格”。个体不应该被定义为单一的身份或角色，而应该被定义为多维的本质和多重的角色，在不同的方面为自己的幸福做出独立的选择和行动。)”可知，一个繁荣的世界应该用多种价值观来衡量。故选D。
28．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Businesses must be pioneers in pursuing not only economic growth but also the happiness of all citizens of society. Companies can contribute through the pursuit of social value as well as economic profit. At the heart of this lies “purpose”. A company’s purpose defines the value it brings to society. The true worth of a company should be determined
not just by the return s it creates for shareholders but by the value it creates for society as a whole. (企业不仅要成为追求经济增长的先锋，还要成为追求全体社会公民幸福的先锋。企业可以通过追求社会价值和经济利润来做出贡献。这个问题的核心是“目的”。公司的宗旨决定了它给社会带来的价值。一家公司的真正价值不仅取决于它为股东创造的回报，还应取决于它为整个社会创造的价值。)”可知，本文是写给企业管理者读的。故选B。
29．C 30．A 31．A 32．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学院的专家团队利用氨基酸研制出一种可降解的环保玻璃。
29．细节理解题。根据第一段中“A lot of manufactured glass today made from sand and sodium carbonate (碳酸钠) can be reused or melted down and recycled into new items, but it doesn’t break down in the environment and will sit in landfills for thousands of years. (今天，许多由沙子和碳酸钠制成的人造玻璃可以重复使用或熔化并回收成新的物品，但它不会在环境中分解，并将在垃圾填埋场中存放数千年)”和第二段中“That glass would have a smaller impact on the environment and can break down in a few weeks or in several months. (这种（新）玻璃对环境的影响较小，可以在几周或几个月内分解)”可知，新型玻璃的优点是它需要更少的时间来分解。故选C项。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Throughout the experimental period, no mice exhibited any pain-related behavior that may have been caused by the glass implantation, and none of them experienced obvious weight loss (在整个实验期间，没有小鼠表现出任何可能由玻璃植入引起的疼痛相关行为，也没有小鼠出现明显的体重减轻)”可知，研究人员要在老鼠体内植入玻璃珠是为了评估玻璃在生物学上是否无害。故选A项。
31．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“Although amino acids do degrade over time in the environment, this biodegradable glass is not as durable as traditional glass, because amino acids can break down quickly in heat. In order to overcome this hurdle, the researchers chemically modified the amino acids using the heating-cooling procedure applied in glass manufacturing. (尽管氨基酸在环境中会随着时间的推移而降解，但这种可生物降解的玻璃不如传统玻璃耐用，因为氨基酸在高温下会迅速分解。为了克服这一hurdle，研究人员使用玻璃制造中应用的加热-冷却程序对氨基酸进行了化学改性)”可知，这种氨基酸玻璃确实可以随着时间的推移而降解，但是它却不如传统的玻璃那样经久耐用，因为氨基酸在加热下会迅速分解。由此可推
知，下文中的“hurdle”指的是氨基酸的不稳定性，是研究者要克服的障碍。故选A项。
32．推理判断题。由最后一段中Yan Xuehai说的话“It’s important to point out that this biodegradable glass is currently in the lab stage, and far from large-scale commercialization (需要指出的是，这种可生物降解的玻璃目前正处于实验室阶段，远未大规模商业化)”可知，这种可降解玻璃目前仍在实验室阶段，还远远不能大规模商业化生产，所以Yan Xuehai态度是不确定的。故选D项。
33．C 34．D 35．D 36．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。最近的一项研究表明，像法国斗牛犬这样的扁脸狗之所以难以入睡，是因为它们的一个不同寻常的头部形状。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“French bulldogs specifically suffer from increased daytime sleepiness, probably due to not getting enough night-time sleep. (法国斗牛犬白天嗜睡加剧，可能是因为夜间睡眠不足)”可知，扁脸狗白天嗜睡加剧的原因可能是它们的夜间睡眠不足。故选C。
34．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Researchers said this was similar to the way babies sleep, suggesting that dogs, like French bulldogs, keep up the sleep patterns of puppyhood. (研究人员表示，这与婴儿的睡眠方式相似，这表明狗和法国斗牛犬一样，保持着婴儿时期的睡眠模式)”可知，扁脸狗成年后可能还保持着幼年时期的睡眠模式。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They found that dogs with brachycephaly had an increase in sleep spindles, which in dogs has been associated with poorer learning when it comes to training. (他们发现，患有短头畸形的狗的睡眠纺锤波增加，这与狗在训练中学习能力较差有关)”可推知，扁脸狗睡眠纺锤波的增加意味着它们在训练中可能面临学习方面的挑战。故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A researcher said, “We know that some of these dogs will sleep with a ball in their mouth, and people think it’s cute, but they’re actually doing it in order to keep their airways open.”(一位研究人员说：“我们知道，这些狗中的一些会嘴里叼着球睡觉，人们认为这很可爱，但它们这样做实际上是为了保持呼吸道畅通。”)”可知，有些扁脸狗睡觉时嘴里叼着玩具是为了保持它们的呼吸道畅通。故选C。
37．C 38．D 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项利用低成本的乒乓球制作成低频隔音面板
来帮助阻挡噪音的科学研究。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Because it is produced by a range of sources and is less affected by structures than higher-frequency sound, low-frequency noise can be challenging to avoid.(由于低频噪声由多种来源产生，并且受结构的影响比高频声音小，因此低频噪声很难避免。)”可知，由于低频噪声由多种来源产生，因此低频噪声很难避免。故选C。
38．词句猜测题。词义猜测题。根据第三段末“that uses ping-pong balls to prevent sound passing through(它使用乒乓球来阻止声音通过)”以及第四段中“Our motivation was to use these easily accessible objects to create a low-frequency soundproof panel structure.(我们的动机是使用这些容易接近的物体来创建一个低频隔音面板结构。)”可知，研究人员用乒乓球作为一种隔音替代品，因此推断画线词词义和barrier“障碍”接近。故选D。
39．细节理解题。根据第六段中“proving it is possible to design a sound absorption panel without expensive materials(证明不需要昂贵的材料就可以设计出吸声板)”可知，文中提到了用乒乓球制作隔音的声学超表面的优势是成本较低。故选A。
40．主旨大意题。作者在首段提出乒乓球可以帮助吸收城市的噪音，然后在下文对此研究进行了详细介绍，由此判断B项：Ping-pong Balls Function Well as Sound Absorbers(乒乓球有很好的吸音功能)可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。