-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测(全国通用)专题01 名词 & 冠词 & 代词 & 介词(讲练)(原卷版+解析版)

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名称 -2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测(全国通用)专题01 名词 & 冠词 & 代词 & 介词(讲练)(原卷版+解析版)
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专题01名词、冠词、代词、介词
第一部分:名词
名词属于十大词类中的一种,主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查,主要以选择题和填空题为主,考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。在备考2024年中考时,注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则,掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律,名词所有格的用法,名词的句法功能等,并做到灵活运用,以便提高综合运用能力。
中考考点分布:
一、名词词义辨析(重点);
二、名词的数;
三、名词所有格。
考点一 名词词义辨析
(2023·江苏徐州)Of all the ________, I love summer best.
A.seasons B.subjects C.colours D.hobbies
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在所有的季节中,我最喜欢夏季。考查名词辨析。seasons季节;subjects科目;colours颜色;hobbies爱好。根据“I love summer best.”可知,此处指在所有季节中最喜欢夏季。故选A。
中考高频易混易错名词梳理
1. accident和event
词条 含义 用法
accident 意外的事件 特指不幸的意外事故
event 重大事件 一般指比较重要、引人注意的事件
2. bank, beach, coast和seaside
词条 含义 用法
bank 河岸 多指江河和溪流边的陆地
beach 海滩 指海水退潮后露出的部分,较为平坦,适合游泳和日光浴
coast 海岸线 指沿海狭长的陆地,强调从水面着眼说明它与陆地相衔接
seaside 海边 指人们前往度假的沿海地区,与beach接近,但范围比较大
3. weather和climate
词条 含义 用法
weather 天气 指某一时间内的天气情况,涉及范围较小,持续时间较短
climate 气候 指某一地域相对稳定的天气状况,涉及范围较大,持续时间较长
4. trip, travel和journey
词条 含义 用法
trip 旅行 通常指往返定时的短途旅行(在比较通俗的用法中,常代替journey表示长途旅行)
travel 旅行,旅游 多指长期或长途的观光旅行,有到各地游历的意味。它表示具体的旅行时常用复数形式;作不可数名词时,常被用来泛指旅游这一行为
journey 旅行 一般指长途旅行,常蕴含辛苦的意味
5. amount和number
词条 用法 例句
amount of 后接不可数名词 amount of money
a number of 后接可数名词 a number of students
6. cause和reason
词条 用法 例句
cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接 of sth./doing sth amount of money
reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
7. problem和question
词条 用法
problem 常和困难联系,前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise
question 常和疑问联系,多和ask, answer 连用
8. trip, journey, travel和voyage
词条 用法
trip 指短期的具有特定目的的旅行
journey 指稍长的旅途
travel 是最常用的,指旅行或普通出行
voyage 指海上航行
9. sport和game
词条 用法
sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等
game 指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则
考点二 名词的数
1. 可数名词及其单、复数
(2023·湖南岳阳)Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________ in China this year.
A.city B.cities C.citys
【答案】B
【详解】句意:岳阳是今年中国十大最美丽的城市之一。考查名词复数。one of+最高级+名词复数,表示“……中最……之一”,固定句型,可排除A选项;city的复数形式为cities。故选B。
1)可数名词复数的规则变化
规则变化 示 例
大多数名词在词尾加-s letter→ letters, cat→ cats, boy→ boys, desk→ desks
② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es class→ classes, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes
③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es hobby→ hobbies, city→ cities, country→ countries
④ 以o结尾的名词,大多数加-s,少数加-es 加-s: radio→ radios, zoo→ zoos, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos 加-es: hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes
⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加-es knife→ knives, half→ halves 用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词: 树叶 半 数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮, 架后窜出一只狼,就像盗贼逃命忙。 leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀 Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命
注意:可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用,有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。
2)可数名词复数的不规则变化
不规则变化 示 例
① 变化元音字母构成复数 foot→ feet, goose→ geese, tooth→ teeth, man→ men, woman→ women
② 单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, fish (注意:fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形;指鱼的种类时复数是fishes)
③ 特殊变化 child→ children, mouse→ mice, ox→ oxen
3)其他情况:
① “某国人”变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。如:
中日不变:Chinese, Japanese
英法变:Englishman→ Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen
其余-s加后面:Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians
② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数,一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如:
a girl student→ two girl students, a story book→ ten story books
复合词中第一个词是man或woman时,两个名词都变为复数形式。如:
a man worker→ three men workers, a woman doctor→ six women doctors
③ 只表示复数意义的名词:trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle (牛;家畜)
④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时,表示单数意义;指这些集体的成员时,则表示复数意义。如:
My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。
All my family enjoy skiing. 我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。
2. 不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与不定冠词a/an连用。抽象名词和物质名词一般是不可数名词。
(1)常见的不可数名词
物质类:air, beef, beer, bread, candy, cheese, chicken, chocolate, coffee, cotton, coal, electricity, fire, fish, food, fruit, furniture, glass, grass, gold, hair, ice, ink, juice, land, light, meat, medicine, milk, oil, paper, pork, rain, rice, salt, snow, soup, sugar, tea, water, wind, wine, wood
抽象类:advice, age, beauty, danger, death, energy, fear, fun, failure, happiness, health, help, homework, housework, information, joy, love, luck, knowledge, money, music, nature, news, pleasure, progress, safety, sleep, success, surprise, time, trouble, truth, weather, work
(2)不可数名词的数
① 不可数名词常借助于量词表示一定的数量。常见的量词有a piece of, a bottle of, a cup of等。如:
a piece of furniture一件家具 some pieces of paper几张纸
two bags of rice两袋米
② 有些名词表示物质或抽象概念是不可数的,而在表示个体或种类时是可数的,如:
Two beers, please. 请来两杯啤酒。
It was a special tea. 它是一种特殊的茶。
As a teacher, she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she spends little time looking after her child. 作为一名教师她是一个成功的人,但是作为一位母亲,她是一个失败者,因为她几乎没有时间照顾自己的孩子。
3)有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但意思不同。
名词 词义
可数 不可数
change 变化 零钱
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
exercise 习题 锻炼
experience 经历 经验
fish 鱼(类) 鱼肉
(4)修饰可数或不可数名词的常用词:
只修饰可数名词 a few 一些, few 没几个, many 很多, a large number of 大量的
只修饰不可数名词 a little 一点儿, little 没多少, much 很多, a large amount of 大量的, a great deal of 大量的, a bit of 一点儿
既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词 some 一些, any 任何, a lot of 很多, lots of 很多, plenty of 大量的
考点三 名词所有格
(2023·湖南郴州)My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
A.Children’s B.Children C.Child’s
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的父母在儿童节带我去了游乐园。在那里有很多令人兴奋的事情可做。考查名词所有格。根据“My parents took me to the amusement park on…Day.”及结合选项可知,此处表示“儿童节”,children“孩子们”,修饰名词Day应该用其所有格形式。故选A。
形式 用法 构成 示 例
’s所有格 用于有生命的及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词 直接加’s Mike’s basketball 迈克的篮球 yesterday’s newspaper 昨天的报纸
以s结尾的复数名词只加’ Teachers’ Day 教师节 twenty minutes’ walk 步行二十分钟
并列名词所有格 Tom and John’s room 汤姆和约翰的房间 (共同拥有) Tom’s and John’s rooms 汤姆的房间和约翰的房间(各自拥有)
of所有格 主要用于无生命的名词 A of B the name of the book 书名 the middle of the park 公园中间
双重所有格 表示部分或其中之一 A of B’s a classmate of Mary’s 玛丽的一个同学 some friends of my brother’s 我哥哥的一些朋友
A 名词
1. Tom and Tim have some ________ and ________.
A. tomatos; chicken B. tomatoes; chickens C. tomatoes; chicken D. tomatos; chickens
2.This is ______ bedroom. They both like it very much.
A. Mary and Helen B. Mary's and Helen's
C. Mary's and Helen D. Mary and Helen's
3. I don’t know ________ about the air crash at the meeting. Could you please give some ________
A. what to talk, advice B. what to say, advice C. how to talk, advices D. how to say, advices
4. I don’t want to use your pen. I want to use ________.
A. somebody else’s B. somebody’s else C. somebody else D. somebody’s else’s
5. Nobody thought it is easy to finish so much work in _________.
A. two days’ time B. two-days time C. two day’s time D. two days time
6. —________ is it from our school to the subway station
—It’s about ________ walk.
A. How far; ten minutes B. How far; ten minutes’ C. How long; ten minutes D. How long; ten minutes’
7. Mary’s English is much better than __________ in the class.
A. any student’s B. any other student C. anyone else D. any other student’s
8. —Whose bikes are these
—They are ________.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily and Lucy’s D. Lily’s and Lucy
9. —I hear some ________ will go to your school.
—Yes. Some teachers from ________ will get here this afternoon.
A. Germans; Germany B. Germen; Germany C. Germans; German
10. (2023·武汉) —Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team.
—His height gives him a big ________.
A. situation B. challenge C. achievement D. advantage
11. (2023·湖北荆州) —What can you learn from Journey to the West
—I learn that we should have enough _______ to overcome the difficulties in our life.
A. danger B. success C. courage D. excitement
12. (2023·江苏扬州)—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou
—I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful ________!
A. movement B. attraction C. experience D. research
13. (2023·沈阳) Betty is crazy about music. Her dream is to be a ________.
A. scientist B. painter C. musician D. writer
14. (2023·山东滨州) —What’s your secret of writing so well
—I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong ________ on me as a child.
A. difference B. attention C. situation D. influence
15.—I have in learning English and I'm so worried. Could you help me with it
—Sure, I'd love to.
A. joy B. interest C. trouble D. fun
16. —Have you decided what to write about Gulliver in Lilliput in the report
—I'm not sure. Maybe I need to read some ________ about it before writing.
A. reasons B. rewards C. results D. reviews
17.—In China, we use red paper for hongbao because red means good luck.
—That's interesting! I want to know all the Chinese ________.
A. traditions B. sentences C. notices D. problems
18. For his son’s birthday, Steven is taking him to the new movie as a .
A. task B. treat C. choice D. visit
19.You can see the in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.
A. doubt B. pride C. regret D. ability
20. Beijing Opera is an important part of Chinese ________.
A. culture B. invention C. condition D. introduction
21. —Is this photo taken in Tibet?
—Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountain in the of the photo.
A. form B. background C. shape D. introduction
22. In a conversation between two persons, 65% of ________ is done through body language.
A. information B. pronunciation C. introduction D. communication
23.The sun gives out light and . Without the sun, there will be no life on the earth.
A. temperature B. beauty C. heat D. peace
24. —We have entered a world where robot operations become true with 5G technology.
—Hard to believe! Scientists are full of    which leads to great changes in our life.
A. attraction B. invention C. position D. contribution
25. Listening to music and watching films are both relaxing forms of _______.
A. achievement B. agreement
C. development D. entertainment
26. —What's the ________of traveling by bike
—It can save money,keep us healthy and does not pollute the air.
A. purpose B. suggestion C. advantage D. knowledge
28.—Boys and girls, please follow my _______ when you are in the lab.
—OK, Miss Wang.
A. conversations B. licenses C. instruction D. habits
29. From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.
A. tradition B. condition C. position D. situation
30.-It's dangerous to drive after drinking.
-That's true. It can increase the ______ of traffic accidents.
A. advantage B. stress C. safety D. risk
31. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your_______ , you must keep moving.
A. promise B. position C. balance D. ability
32. — They gave their different ___________ on your new plan last night. What do you think of them
—Most of them are practical, and I’d like to accept them.
A. reasons B. comments C. results D. excuse
33. — What do you want to be in the future
—I want to be a ___________ because I want to show people the most popular clothes.
A. host B. model C. writer D. modern
34. Peter is interested in reading books about animals and plants. He has a real ______ of animals, birds and flowers.
A. courage B. knowledge C. energy D. experience
35. A sudden windfall, which makes a man get rich quickly, may break the balance of a person's life.
"Windfall" in the sentence means ______.
A. advantage B. discovery C. agreement D. wealth
36. To spread our traditional culture,many teenagers came up with new .For example,Suansuan,a college student,has posted over 50 videos on Bilibili to show her love for our culture.
A. methods B. messages C. meanings D. medicines
37. The little girl has such a good ______ that she can keep the names of all her classmates in mind on the first day at school.
A. experience B. suggestion C. collection D. memory
38. If you don't know how to fix the machine, just follow the______.
A. introductions B. resolutions C. predictions D. instructions
39.Though Zhong Nanshan is in his eighties, he makes great __________ to the medical development.
I can't agree more. He is my hero.
A. celebration B. conversation C. contribution D. collection
40. I've come to the ______ that Lydia is the right person to make friends with. She is friendly,helpful and honest.
A. information B. direction C. conclusion D. invitation
第二部分:冠词
冠词是一种虚词,是名词的一种标志,不能独立担任任何句子成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查,往往集中于a、an的用法区别,定冠词的用法,不用冠词的情况,习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主,有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中,不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法,还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。
中考考查重点:
一、冠词的用法;
二、不用冠词的情况;
1. (2023·江苏镇江)It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【答案】C
【解析】句意:据说熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。
考查冠词用法。live the rest of one’s life“度过余生”,固定搭配。故选C。
2.(2023·广州·语法选择)But _____ last one that came out was not strong at all.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】句意:但是最后一只鸟出来了,并没有那么强壮。
a/an是不定冠词,表示泛指。a用在辅音音素前;an用在元音音素前。the是定冠词,表示特指。此处特指最后一只鸟,用the。故选C。
考向1 冠词的分类
分类 说明 例子
不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物,a plane 一架飞机,a useful book 一本有用的书
an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时,an apple 一个苹果,an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩
定冠词 the 只有一种形式,一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔,the Chinese movie 那部中国影片
考向2 冠词的基本用法
一、 不定冠词a、an的用法
1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别:
(1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用 a。如:a lot of,a good idea,a pear。
(2)若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用 an。如:an example,an orange,an apple。
二、定冠词the的用法
用法 例子
1. 用于特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 This is the city where my grandfather once lived.
2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。 Would you mind my opening the window
3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the") Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree.
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Spring is the first season of a year. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen.
5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。 in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部
6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano
7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table.
8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old.
9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States
10用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
13. 用在某些固定的表达法。
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 在去……去的路上
三、不用冠词的情况
用法 例子
1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood.
2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class.
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers.
4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer.
5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school.
6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school
1.If you want to take __________short ride in the city, choose __________shared bike.
A. a;/ B. the; the C. a; a D. /; a
2.Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in east of China.
A. an B. / C. the D. a
3.Daniel had _______egg, apiece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
4.- Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday
- OK. Let's add it to _____________ weekend plan.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
5. I like playing ________ piano, but Jerry likes playing ________ football.
A. the; a B. the; / C. /; the D. a; an
6. If you go to ________ Britain, don’t forget to visit ________ British Museum. It’s a 30-minute bus ride from ________ River Thames.
A. the; /; / B. the; the; / C. /; /; the D. /; the; the
7.Daniel had _______egg, apiece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
8. —There is ________ uniform in the soccer club.
—Is ________ uniform Bob’s
A. a; the B. an; the C. an; an D. the; an
9. I’ve had ______ bad headache all day, so I think I’ll go to ______ bed early.
A. a; 不填 B. 不填; the C. 不填;不填 D. a; the
10. ---How do you go to ________ work ---I usually take _________ bus.
A. the; a B. /; a C. a; a D. the; /
11. Tom likes playing _______ piano while Tim likes playing ________ football.
A. the ...the B. / ...the C. the .../ D. / .../
12. I have _________European pen friend, and he likes playing ________guitar.
A. an; / B. an; the C. a; / D. a; the
第三部分:代词
(一)备考指南
代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词和疑问代词等。代词几乎是每年中考的考查部分,近三年中考的考查仍集中在不定代词上,所考题量占所考代词的 60% 以上。试题注重语境和情境,要求能够根据真实的语言环境运用各类代词。
1.(2023·武汉) — There are many celebrations in the coming Dragon Boat Festival.
— Sounds very interesting. I don’t want to miss ________.
A. it B. any C. none D. one
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——在即将到来的端午节有许多庆祝活动。——听起来很有趣。我不想错过任何一个。
考查代词辨析。it它;any任何;none没有一个;one一个。根据“Sounds very interesting. I don’t want to miss”可知不想错过任何一个活动,用any。故选B。
2. (2023·扬州)The children have painted since ________ could first pick up a brush.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
【答案】A
【解析】句意:孩子们从第一次拿起画笔就开始画画了。
考查代词。they他们,主格;them他们,宾格;their他们的,形容词性物主代词;themselves他们自己,反身代词。空处作从句的主语,应用主格,故选A。
3. (2023·安徽)I like those books! When I get my pocket money, I will buy ________.
A. it B. that C. them D. ones
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我喜欢那些书!当我有零花钱的时候,我就会买一些。
考查代词辨析。it它;that那个;them它们;ones一些。根据“I like those books! When I get my pocket money, I will buy…”可知,此处指“我”有钱时会买上文中提到的those books“那些书”,books是复数,故用them指代。故选C。
一、人称代词
人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
  单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
汉语 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们
主格 I  we  you  you  he  she   it they 
宾格 me  us  you  you  him  her  it  them 
二、物主代词
物主代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
  单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
汉语 我的 我们的 你的 你们的 他的 她的 它的 他们的
形容词性 my  our  your  your  his  her  its  their 
名词性 mine  ours  yours  yours  his  hers  its  theirs 
注意:
1. 人称代词在句子中作主语时用主格,作及物动词或介词的宾语时用宾格。
如:He goes to school on foot.
He told me that he would go there.
Bob is going to Shanghai on holiday with her.
2. 人称代词作表语时用宾格。
如:— Who is knocking at the door — It’s me, Tom.
3. 形容词性物主代词只能用在名词前作定语,修饰名词。
如:They are doing their homework.
4. 名词性物主代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语。
如:— Whose book is this
— It’s mine. Yours is under the table.
I usually tidy my room. You should tidy yours.
三、反身代词
反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
  单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
汉语 我自己 我们自己 你自己 你们自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 他们自己
myself  ourselves  yourself  yourselves  himself  herself  itself  themselves 
1)作宾语,表示反身代词与主语是同一人。
The girl is too young to look after herself. 这个女孩年纪太小,不能照顾自己。
Uncle Chen teaches himself English. 陈叔叔自学英语。
(2)作表语,常用于be, feel, seem, look等系动词之后,用来描述感觉、情绪或状态。
He is not himself today. 他今天不舒服。
I’m not feeling myself today. 我今天不太舒服。
(3)作同位语,表示强调,译成“亲自”“本人”。
You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。
I myself did the homework last night. 昨晚是我自己做的家庭作业。
(4)用于固定搭配中。
by oneself独自;单独 come to oneself苏醒 dress oneself自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself玩得开心 help oneself to随便吃……
四、 指示代词
1. 定义:表示"这个""那个""这些""那些"等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。
单数 复数 含义
this 这个 these这此 指较近的人或物
that那个 those那些 指较远的人或物
(1)可作主语、宾语、表语。
This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。
Those are Jack’s books. 那些是杰克的书。
I like these and she likes those. 我喜欢这些,她喜欢那些。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
(2)为避免重复,可用that和those代替前面提到的名词。
The population of China is much larger than that of America.
中国人口比美国人口多得多。(that=the population)
(3)在打电话时,通常用this指自己,用that指对方。
— Hello! Who is that 你好,请问是哪位?
五、不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的句法功能
不定代词 成分
all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语
everyone,everybody,everything,someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none 在句中可作主语、宾语和表语
every,no 在句中只能作定语
不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
不定代词 用 法 示 例
some ① 用于肯定句中,意为“一些人/事”,指代复数名词或不可数名词 Some are teachers; some are students. 有些人是老师,有些人是学生。 Here is some of their advice. 这是他们的一些建议。
② 用于疑问句中,表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答 The cake tastes good. Would you like some 这蛋糕味道很好。你想要一些吗?
any ① 多用于否定句、疑问句中,意为“任何数量;任何一些”,指代复数名词或不可数名词 I need some science books. Are there any in the bookshop 我需要一些科学书,书店里有吗?Please buy some milk. There isn’t any left in the fridge. 请买些牛奶。冰箱里一点也没有了。
② 用于肯定句中,表示“任一” I have three dictionaries. You may use any. 我有三本词典,你随便用哪一本都可以。
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词
表示肯定概念 a few虽少,但有几个 a little虽少,但有一点
表示否定概念 few不多,几乎没有 little不多,没有什么
(3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
用法 例句
other 某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的 Where are his other books 他的另一些书在哪里
others 其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。
the other 两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。
the others 其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。
another 另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个" You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
不定代词 含 义 作主语时谓语动词的数 示 例
both 两者都 复数 Both of us are interested in the film. 我们俩都对这部电影感兴趣。
either 两者中的任何一个 单数 Does either of you know Mr Li 你们两人中有任何一个认识李先生吗?
neither 两者都不 单数 Neither of them is right. 他们两个都不对。
all 三者(或以上)都 复数 All of us are looking forward to the holiday. 我们都期待着假期的到来。
any 三者(或以上)中的任何一个 单数 You can read any of these books. 你可以读这些书中的任何一本。
none 三者(或以上)都不 单数/复数 None of the workers wants/want to work on weekends. 没有一个工人想在周末工作。
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
用法 例句
复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语、宾语或表语 Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语) Do you need anything 你需要点什么吗 (宾语) Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面 There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。
由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时,常表示"无论什么东西,随便什么东西/事情" There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。 Is there anything interesting in the newspaper 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?
(6)each和every
不定代词 用 法 示 例
each 指两者或两者以上中的每一个,强调个体;可与of连用 We each have a new schoolbag. = Each of us has a new schoolbag. 我们每人有一个新书包。
every 只作形容词,不单独使用;指三者或以上的整体中的每一个,侧重于整体;不可直接与of连用 She knows every student in the school. 她认识学校里的每一个学生。 Every one of her students likes her very much. 她的每个学生都非常喜欢她。
(7)疑问代词
who 谁(主格)
whom 谁(宾格)
whose 谁的(所有格)
what 什么(人、物)
which 哪一个、哪些(人、物)
1. —Are those books________
—No, they are not mine. They belong to________.
A. yours;he B. yours;his C. yours;him D. your, he
2. —Who are______, Jimmy
—My grandparents. And I love _______very much (非常).
A. they; they B. them; them C. they; them D. them; they
3. These are________ e-dogs. Please give ________ to ________.
A. their, it, them B. her, them, hers C. his, it, him D. my, them, me
4. Miss Fang teaches _________ English this term.
A. we B. ours C. ourselves D. us
4. —Is this your pen
—No, it’s not ________. It’s________
A. my; his B. mine; your C. mine; hers D. his; hers
5. —Does the new teacher Mr Lin teach ________ Chinese
—No, ________ Chinese teacher is Miss Li. ________ knows Mr Lin.
A. your; our; Her B. you; ours; Her C. your; ours; She D. you; our; She
6. Nancy’s ______ most successful moment came in ______ forties.
A. /; her B. the; her C. the; hers D. /; hers
7. When you find _____ in a dangerous situation, right decisions will make ______ possible for you to get out of danger.
A. you; it B. you; it’s C. yourself; it D. yourself; it’s
8. Don’t touch the machine, children, or you may hurt ________.
A. yourself B. myself C. themselves D. yourselves
9. I advise you not to show ________ on the WeChat because it may cause trouble.
A. anything personal B. personal anything
C. something personal D. personal something
10. —Which shirt would you like, the white one or the black one
—________. They are too expensive for me. I’ll take the blue one.
A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Either
11. Different people have different hobbies. Some like reading books, and ________ like drawing pictures.
A. the other B. others C. another D. the others
12. —My parents want me to be a doctor, but I’m not sure about that.
—Don’t worry. Just make sure you do your best. Then you can be ________ you want!
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
13. The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than ________ made in America.
A. ones B. those C. that D. it
14. —Is your friend Amy still in America
—I don’t know. I have ______ information about her because we haven’t seen each other for ______ years.
A. a little; a few B. little; a few C. a few; a little D. few; a little
15. Though it was raining hard outside, we could see ________ people in the street.
A. few B. a few C. a little D. little
16. —It snows hard this morning. Is everyone here today
—Yes, ________ of us is late for school.
A. either B. both C. none D. neither
17. —Which do you prefer, juice or tea
—________ is OK. I don’t care.
A. All B. Either C. Neither D. Both
18. —Daniel, could you please help me open the box
—I’d like to, but I have a bag of fruit in my left hand, and two bags of vegetables in my ________ hand.
A. the other B. another C. others D. other
19. The twin sisters were very tired on their way home, but ________ of them would stop for a rest.
A. either B. neither C. none D. both
20. —Is this new book ________
—No, ________ is old.
A. your; my B. hers; her C. yours; mine D. his; my
21. People always say ________ is impossible if we work hard. So I dream of having ________ better grade in the coming exam.
A. nothing; the B. anything; the C. nothing; a D. everything; a
22. —Tell me, Grandma. ________ is your favourite person in the whole wide world
—That’s easy! It’s you!
A. What B. Who C. How D. Whom
23. ________ is our duty to make our country better and stronger.
A. It B. This C. That D. One
24. —Ms. Walker, thank you for making me feel like I am ________.
—I’m glad you become confident now.
A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody
25. There isn’t ________ in the classroom. All the students are having a PE lesson in the playground.(2022年江苏)
A somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody
26. —I have ________ but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble.
—Yes, they’re well worth praising.
A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
27. In our school, ________ students like English, but ________ of them can speak it smoothly (流利地).
A. a little; a few B. a few; few
C. a few; little D. a little; few
28. Look at the sign, please. You can park your car on ________ side of the street.
A. both B. other C. either D. all
29. The gravity on Mars is only about there eighths of ________ on the Earth.
A. that B. those C. one D. ones
30. —Is ________ here
—Yes. We are all ready.
A. somebody B. neither C. everybody D. none
31. —Four children were walking under a small umbrella. ________of them got wet. Can you guess why
—Because it was not raining!
A. All B. None C. Most D. Some
32. — There are mainly six kinds of tea in China. Which is your favorite
— Green tea, I guess. I’ve tried black tea, green tea and so on, and ________ of them have their special tastes.
A. all B. both C. none D. neither
第四部分:介词
介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。
中考考查重点:
1. 介词辨析;
2. 介词短语辨析。
介词是一种虚词,它不能单独担任句子成分,必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,才能担任句子成分。
1.(2023·武汉) Please bring Ms. Steen to the welcome party ________ telling her so that she can be surprised.
A. about B. from C. without D. for
【答案】C
【解析】句意:请带Ms. Steen参加欢迎晚会,不要告诉她,这样她会感到惊讶的。
考查介词辨析。about关于;from从;without没有;for为了。根据“telling her so that she can be surprised.”可知不告诉她,她才会惊讶。故选C。
2.(2023·十堰) —________ my surprise, the restaurant is a actually very nice.
—The service is also great.
A. In B. At C. On D. To
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——让我惊讶的是,这家餐厅实际上非常好。——服务也很棒。
考查介词辨析。in在里面;at在;on在上面;to到。to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”,固定短语,故选D。
3.(2023·安徽)Do whatever you can for the community, ________ looking after the old or teaching kids art.
A. with B. under C. like D. over
【答案】C
【解析】句意:为社区尽你所能,比如照顾老人或教孩子们美术。
考查介词辨析。with用,和;under在……下面;like像,例如;over在……上方。根据“…looking after the old or teaching kids art.”可知,空后通过举例来说明为社区服务的具体做法,like符合语境。故选C。
考向1 时间介词
表示"时间"的介词如下:
① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on
② 表示时间的前后用before, after
③ 表示期限等用by, until, till
④ 表示期间等用for, during, through
⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since
⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in
at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间
at that time那时 at the moment此刻,目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔,有时
at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候,起初 at last最后
We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。
on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时,一律用on)
on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时 on the night of July(the)first 在七月一日的夜晚
We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。
in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年
in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季
in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时
in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿,立刻
The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。
Do they work in the day time or at night 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作?
before, after(注:两个既可以作介词又可以作连词)
before在……之前
Wash your hands before dinner.(before作介词)吃饭前请洗手。
He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.(前一个before作连词;后一个before作介词)他离开这儿之前/十点之前,将给我打电话。
after在……之后
Let’s sing some songs after school.(after作介词)放学后咱们唱歌吧!
Please close the door after you leave the room.(after作连词)离开房间后请关门。
by, until/till
by 在……前(时间);截止(到)……
How many English books had you read by the end of last year 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书?
She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时(之前)她已经走了。
by the end of在……底(之前) by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前
until/till知道……为止(时间)
We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点,我们才开始看电视。(begin是点动词,所以用否定式)
I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。
for, during, through
for 达……之久(表示经过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但经常和完成时连用。
during 在……期间
through 一直……(从开始到结束)
He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。
They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。
from, since
from从……起(时间)
表示"从……开始"时,一般都是用词组from...to...,而单纯表示确切的"从几点开始"时用at。
The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。
The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。
since自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。(强调一直病到现在)
The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作连词,引导时间状语从句)这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
in, within
in过……后(未来时间)大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。
in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后
He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。
within不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内
I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
考向2 表示场所、方向的介词
(1) 表示场所的介词:at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
(2) 表示方向的介词:into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
①at, in
at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家
stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂
at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上
at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁
at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口
at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。
in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里
His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。
She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
on在……上面,有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面;on the map在地图上。
on在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场
on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上
above在……上方
Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over在……正上方,是under的反义词
There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
under在……下面;在……之内
under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内
The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
below在……下方(不一定是正下方) 正下方是under,below是above的反义词。
There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near, by
near近的,不远的
near=not far,是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不久的将来
Is there a bus stop near here 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗?
by在……旁边,距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边
The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④ between, among, around
between在两者之间
My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
What’ s the difference between A and B A和B之间有什么区别?
among在三者或更多的之中
There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。
around环绕,在……周围,在……四周
We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
⑤ in front of,behind,opposite
in front of早……的前面;在……的前部
There is a tree in front of the house.
There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词
There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。
There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。
opposite在……对面
Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。
He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。
⑥ in, into, out of, up
in在……之内,用于表示静止的位置
The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。
The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
out of的基本含义:从……到外面,离开;在……范围之外;从(某个数)之中 up移动
The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦ along, across, past, through
along沿着
I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。
across横过
I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past经过
Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
through贯穿,通过
The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
⑧ to, from, for
考向3. 易混易错介词的用法辨析
1)表示时间的介词at, on, in
介词 用 法 示 例
at +某个时刻 at 10 o’clock 在10点钟 at half past three 在三点半
+持续一段时间的节日,表示在期间 at Christmas 在圣诞节 at Chinese New Year 在春节
+特定时间 at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at that time 在那时
on +具体的某一天 on Monday 在周一 on Christmas Day 在圣诞日 on December 25th 在12月25日
+某一天的上午、下午、傍晚 on Sunday morning 在周日上午 on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午 on the evening of October 1st 在10月1日傍晚
in +较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节) in the 21st century 在21世纪 in the Song Dynasty 在宋朝 in 2023在2023年 in May 在五月 in spring 在春天
+泛指的上午、下午、傍晚 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在傍晚
+一段时间 in a year/month/week 在一年/月/周之中
(2)表示时间的介词since, for, from... to...
介词 用 法 示 例
since +时间点;表示“自从……以来”,通常与完成时连用 She has been in Guangzhou since 2010. 自2010年以来,她一直在广州。
for +一段时间;表示“持续一段时间”,可用于过去时、现在时、将来时、完成时多种时态,谓语动词只能用延续性动词 Jim stayed with us for three days. 吉姆和我们一起住了三天。 She has been in Guangzhou for 10 years. 她已在广州待了10年了。
from... to... 表示“从……到……”,可用于过去时、现在时和将来时 My brother works from Monday to Saturday. 我哥哥从周一到周六上班。
3)表示位置的介词on, above, below, over, under
介词 用 法 示 例
on在……上面 表示一物在另一物上面,两物接触 The pencil-box is on the desk. 笔盒在书桌上。
above在……之上;高于…… 两物不接触,不说明是否垂直 We are flying above the clouds. 我们在云层上面飞行。
below在……之下;低于…… Don’t write anything below the line. 不要在这条线下面写字。
over在……正上方 两物不接触,是垂直关系 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。
under在……正下方 Your football is under the table. 你的足球在桌子下面。
4)表示方位的介词in, on, to
介词 用 法 示 例
in 表示在某地范围之内 Guangdong is in the south of China. 广东在中国南部。
on 表示与某地相邻或接壤 Guangdong is on the south of Hunan. 广东在湖南南边。
to 表示在某地范围之外 Guangdong is to the south of Hubei. 广东在湖北南面。
5)表示动态的介词across, through
介词 用 法 示 例
across 从表面上穿过;横穿 Be careful when you go across the street. 过马路时要小心。
through 从中间(内部)穿过 The moonlight went through the window into the room. 月光透过窗户照进房间。
6)表示方式的介词by, in, with
介词 用 法 示 例
by 乘坐交通工具 I go to school by bike. 我骑车上学。
通过……方式 You can turn on the machine by pressing this button. 你可以按这个按钮来打开机器。
in 用某种语言或材料 Please say it in English. 请用英文说。 You’d better write the letter in ink. 你最好用钢笔写信。
with 用某种具体的工具或手段 You’d better write the letter with a pen. 你最好用钢笔写信。 We see with our eyes. 我们用眼睛看东西。
考向4 介词短语
1 at once 立刻 2 at last 最后
3 at first 起先,首先 4 at the age of... 在……岁时
5 at the end of...在……之末 6 at the beginning of... 在……之初
7 at the foot of... 在……脚下 8 at the same time 同时
9 at night/noon 在夜里/中午 10 with one’ s help 在某人的帮助下,由于某人的帮助
11 with the help of ... 在……的帮助下 12 with a smile 面带笑容
13 with one’ s own eyes 亲眼看见 14 after a while 过了一会儿
15 from now on 从现在起 16 from then on 从那时起
17 for example 例如 18 far away from 远离
19 from morning till night 从早到晚 20 by and by 不久
21 by air mail 寄航空邮件 22 by bike/air/train/bus 骑自行车/乘飞机/火车/汽车
23 by ordinary mail 寄平信 24 by the way 顺便说
25 by the window 在窗边 26 by the end of... 到……底为止
27 little by little 逐渐地 28 in all 总共 29 in fact 事实上
30 in one’ s twenties 在某人二十几岁时 31 in a hurry 匆忙
32 in the middle of 在……中间 33 in no time (in a minute) 立刻,很快
34 in time (on time) 及时 35 in public 公众,公开地
36 in order to 为了…… 37 in front of 在……前面
38 in the sun 在阳光下 39 in the end 最后,终于
40 in surprise 惊奇地 41 in turn 依次
42 of course 当然 43 a bit (of) 有一点儿
44 a lot of 许多 45 a little 一点儿
46 on one’ s way to 某人在去……的路上 47 on foot 步行,走路
48 a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告 49 on the other hand 另一方面
50 at/on the weekend 在周末 51 on the left (right) 在左(右)边
52 on the other side of 在……另一边 53 on the radio 通过收音机(无线电广播)
54 to one’ s joy 使……高兴的是 55 to one’ s surprise 使……惊讶的是
1. (2023·北京)It’s a good idea to visit Beijing ________ October.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
2.(2023·河北) Many thanks ________ your gift. I love it.
A. in B. of C. for D. with
3.(2023·呼和浩特) They went climbing ______ the morning of May I and came back ______ the afternoon.
A. on; on B. in; in C. on; in D. in; on
4.(2023·江苏南通) Shenzhou 16 was sent up into space ________ the morning of May 30, 2023.
A. in B. on C. at D. from
5.(2023·无锡) A new bridge was built ________ the Yellow River last year.
A. around B. across C. against D. along
6.(2023·江苏徐州) We need to tell people to just do one small thing well ________ 100 things poorly.
A. as well as B. instead of C. according to D. because of
7.(2023·江苏镇江) Dance is not just a form of art, but also a language which tells stories ________ body.
A. towards B. over C. past D. through
8.(2023·山东滨州) —I’m thirsty. I’d like a glass of orange juice. What about you, Betty
—I prefer a cup of tea _______ nothing in it.
A. to B. for C. with D. without
9.(2023·山东东营口市) Bees (蜜蜂) can help plants grow. ________ bees, we wouldn’t have enough food.
A From B. Like C. Except D. Without
10. — Look! There is a hole ________ the wall. The mouse must run away from there.
— I think so. If there is not a picture ________ the hole, we can easily see it.
A. in; in the front of B. on; in the front of C. in; in front of D. on; in front of
11. —Is Jim the best at Maths ________ the six of you
—Yes. That’s why we always go to him when we need help ________ our Maths.
A. among; with B. of; in C. among; at D. in; with
12. —Do you know why Zhurong was selected ________ the name of the rover
—Because Zhurong is known ________ the god of fire in ancient Chinese myths. China is not shy ________ expressing the good wishes for humankind’s exploration of the universe.
A. for, for, at B. as, after, with C. as, as, about D. for, after, about
13. —Did you study any other foreign language ________ English when you were at college
—Yes, I studied three. But I have forgotten all ________ a few words of each.
A. besides; besides B. besides; except C. but; except D. except; except
14. —When do you go to bed on school days
—I often go to bed ________ 9: 00 ________ the evening.
A. on; at B. on; in C. at; in D. at; at
15. Our family photo is ________ the armchair and it is ________ the wall.
A. below; in B. below; on C. above; in D. above; on
16. The Whites had a wonderful time ________ their stay in London.
A. during B. about C. by D. for
17. —You are really good at writing. How do you improve it, Mary
—________ keeping a diary every day.
A. In B. With C. By D. For
18. After school, I always play sports ________ two hours.
A. at B. from C. for D. on
19. There is a bookshop ________ the park ________ the station.
A. across; from B. between; and C. from; to D. next; to
20. You can walk ________ the bridge ________ the river.
A. cross ... on B. across ... over C. across ... above D. cross ... through
21. —What did people do when the music started
—The singer began to sing along ______ it and the others began to dance ______ it.
A. to; with B. with; with C. to; to D. with; to
22. The ending of the story was so surprising and completely went ______ my imagination.
A. across B. beyond C. through D. over
23. Pandas feed ________ bamboo and the trainer often feeds the panda ________ thirty kilos of bamboo a day.
A. on; on B. in; on C. on; for D. with; on
24. ______ many people can use their mobile phones for the latest news at any time, news travels fast all over the world.
A. Though B. Because of C. Since D. So
25. —Daniel, have you ever heard of Africa’s Great Green Wall
—Yes, it is a project to build an 8000-kilometer-long forest ________ eleven countries in Africa.
A. around B. across C. against D. among
26. It will be cruel ________ you to keep your son from computer games, but it is very necessary ________ him to get rid of the addiction (瘾).
A. for; of B. of; for C. of; as D. for; with
27. There ________ a cat and two birds ________ the tree.
A. is; on B. are; under C. are; behind D. is; in
28. Zhang Songwen’s acting skills in The Knockout are pretty good ______ all praise.
A. against B. over C. beyond D. above
29. —When do you usually eat breakfast ________ weekends
—I usually have breakfast ________ eight o’clock.
A. in; at B. at; in C. on; at D. at; on
30. There is a small window ________ the wall. The cat went ________ it and caught the mouse.
A. on; across B. in; across C. on; through D. in; through
31. My father has been in Shanghai ________ 10 years ago.
A. for B. since C. in D. after
32. We often talk ________ basketball and watch basketball matches ________ TV.
A. about; at B. of; in C. about; on D. to; on
33. It’s bad manners to make fun ________ others when they are ________ trouble.
A. of, in B. at, in C. at, on D. of, with
34. Look out! Don’t go ________ a street ________ the traffic(交通).
A. across; in front of B. through; after C. cross; before D. through; in front of
35. We should divide all the potatoes _________ two piles and separate the good ones ________ the bad ones.
A. from; by B. into; from C. into; into D. from; into
36. I have other four friends in my class ________ Tom.
A. except B. besides C. except for D. beside
37. We can go to foreign countries ________ the COVID-19 virus is ________ control.
A. unless; under B. if; out of C. unless; out of D. if; under
38. —Excuse me, how much ________ the jeans made ________ cotton
—Oh, they’re very cheap now. They’re only $25.
A. are; of B. are; from C. is; of D. is; from
39. —I hear that you watched the film the Battle of Lake Changjin ______ the afternoon ______ National Day, right
—Yes. I was really moved deeply.
A. at; on B. on; of C. in; of D. on; on
40. They use the word “night owl” to refer ________ those who stay up late ________ night.
A. to; of B. at; for C. at; to D. to; at专题01名词、冠词、代词、介词
第一部分:名词
名词属于十大词类中的一种,主要包括普通名词和专有名词两种。纵观近几年中考对于名词的考查,主要以选择题和填空题为主,考查内容以词义理解、名词所有格及词形转换居多。在备考2024年中考时,注意掌握名词变复数的变化规则,掌握不可数名词向可数名词转化的规律,名词所有格的用法,名词的句法功能等,并做到灵活运用,以便提高综合运用能力。
中考考点分布:
一、名词词义辨析(重点);
二、名词的数;
三、名词所有格。
考点一 名词词义辨析
(2023·江苏徐州)Of all the ________, I love summer best.
A.seasons B.subjects C.colours D.hobbies
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在所有的季节中,我最喜欢夏季。考查名词辨析。seasons季节;subjects科目;colours颜色;hobbies爱好。根据“I love summer best.”可知,此处指在所有季节中最喜欢夏季。故选A。
中考高频易混易错名词梳理
1. accident和event
词条 含义 用法
accident 意外的事件 特指不幸的意外事故
event 重大事件 一般指比较重要、引人注意的事件
2. bank, beach, coast和seaside
词条 含义 用法
bank 河岸 多指江河和溪流边的陆地
beach 海滩 指海水退潮后露出的部分,较为平坦,适合游泳和日光浴
coast 海岸线 指沿海狭长的陆地,强调从水面着眼说明它与陆地相衔接
seaside 海边 指人们前往度假的沿海地区,与beach接近,但范围比较大
3. weather和climate
词条 含义 用法
weather 天气 指某一时间内的天气情况,涉及范围较小,持续时间较短
climate 气候 指某一地域相对稳定的天气状况,涉及范围较大,持续时间较长
4. trip, travel和journey
词条 含义 用法
trip 旅行 通常指往返定时的短途旅行(在比较通俗的用法中,常代替journey表示长途旅行)
travel 旅行,旅游 多指长期或长途的观光旅行,有到各地游历的意味。它表示具体的旅行时常用复数形式;作不可数名词时,常被用来泛指旅游这一行为
journey 旅行 一般指长途旅行,常蕴含辛苦的意味
5. amount和number
词条 用法 例句
amount of 后接不可数名词 amount of money
a number of 后接可数名词 a number of students
6. cause和reason
词条 用法 例句
cause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接 of sth./doing sth amount of money
reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late
7. problem和question
词条 用法
problem 常和困难联系,前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise
question 常和疑问联系,多和ask, answer 连用
8. trip, journey, travel和voyage
词条 用法
trip 指短期的具有特定目的的旅行
journey 指稍长的旅途
travel 是最常用的,指旅行或普通出行
voyage 指海上航行
9. sport和game
词条 用法
sport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动,如打球,游泳,打猎,赛马等
game 指决定胜负的游戏,通常有一套规则
考点二 名词的数
1. 可数名词及其单、复数
(2023·湖南岳阳)Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful ________ in China this year.
A.city B.cities C.citys
【答案】B
【详解】句意:岳阳是今年中国十大最美丽的城市之一。考查名词复数。one of+最高级+名词复数,表示“……中最……之一”,固定句型,可排除A选项;city的复数形式为cities。故选B。
1)可数名词复数的规则变化
规则变化 示 例
大多数名词在词尾加-s letter→ letters, cat→ cats, boy→ boys, desk→ desks
② 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词,在词尾加-es class→ classes, box→ boxes, watch→ watches, brush→ brushes
③ 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,变y为i,再加-es hobby→ hobbies, city→ cities, country→ countries
④ 以o结尾的名词,大多数加-s,少数加-es 加-s: radio→ radios, zoo→ zoos, photo→ photos, piano→ pianos 加-es: hero→ heroes, tomato→ tomatoes, potato→ potatoes
⑤ 部分以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加-es knife→ knives, half→ halves 用顺口溜记住常见的把f或fe改为v加-es的单词: 树叶 半 数自己黄,妻子拿刀去割粮, 架后窜出一只狼,就像盗贼逃命忙。 leaf树叶 half一半 self 自己 wife妻子 knife 小刀 Shelf 架子 wolf 狼 thief 贼 life 生命
注意:可数名词可与不定冠词a/an连用,有复数形式。普通名词中个体名词和集体名词一般是可数名词。
2)可数名词复数的不规则变化
不规则变化 示 例
① 变化元音字母构成复数 foot→ feet, goose→ geese, tooth→ teeth, man→ men, woman→ women
② 单复数形式相同 sheep, deer, fish (注意:fish指鱼的数量时单复数同形;指鱼的种类时复数是fishes)
③ 特殊变化 child→ children, mouse→ mice, ox→ oxen
3)其他情况:
① “某国人”变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余-s加后面。如:
中日不变:Chinese, Japanese
英法变:Englishman→ Englishmen, Frenchman→ Frenchmen
其余-s加后面:Germans, Americans, Australians, Indians
② 由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数,一般将最后一个名词变为复数。如:
a girl student→ two girl students, a story book→ ten story books
复合词中第一个词是man或woman时,两个名词都变为复数形式。如:
a man worker→ three men workers, a woman doctor→ six women doctors
③ 只表示复数意义的名词:trousers, clothes, police, people, cattle (牛;家畜)
④ 集体名词family, team, class, couple, group等视为整体时,表示单数意义;指这些集体的成员时,则表示复数意义。如:
My family is a large one.我家是个大家庭。
All my family enjoy skiing. 我们全家人都喜欢滑雪。
2. 不可数名词
不可数名词没有复数形式,不能与不定冠词a/an连用。抽象名词和物质名词一般是不可数名词。
(1)常见的不可数名词
物质类:air, beef, beer, bread, candy, cheese, chicken, chocolate, coffee, cotton, coal, electricity, fire, fish, food, fruit, furniture, glass, grass, gold, hair, ice, ink, juice, land, light, meat, medicine, milk, oil, paper, pork, rain, rice, salt, snow, soup, sugar, tea, water, wind, wine, wood
抽象类:advice, age, beauty, danger, death, energy, fear, fun, failure, happiness, health, help, homework, housework, information, joy, love, luck, knowledge, money, music, nature, news, pleasure, progress, safety, sleep, success, surprise, time, trouble, truth, weather, work
(2)不可数名词的数
① 不可数名词常借助于量词表示一定的数量。常见的量词有a piece of, a bottle of, a cup of等。如:
a piece of furniture一件家具 some pieces of paper几张纸
two bags of rice两袋米
② 有些名词表示物质或抽象概念是不可数的,而在表示个体或种类时是可数的,如:
Two beers, please. 请来两杯啤酒。
It was a special tea. 它是一种特殊的茶。
As a teacher, she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she spends little time looking after her child. 作为一名教师她是一个成功的人,但是作为一位母亲,她是一个失败者,因为她几乎没有时间照顾自己的孩子。
3)有些名词既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词,但意思不同。
名词 词义
可数 不可数
change 变化 零钱
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
exercise 习题 锻炼
experience 经历 经验
fish 鱼(类) 鱼肉
(4)修饰可数或不可数名词的常用词:
只修饰可数名词 a few 一些, few 没几个, many 很多, a large number of 大量的
只修饰不可数名词 a little 一点儿, little 没多少, much 很多, a large amount of 大量的, a great deal of 大量的, a bit of 一点儿
既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词 some 一些, any 任何, a lot of 很多, lots of 很多, plenty of 大量的
考点三 名词所有格
(2023·湖南郴州)My parents took me to the amusement park on ________ Day. There were so many exciting things to do there.
A.Children’s B.Children C.Child’s
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的父母在儿童节带我去了游乐园。在那里有很多令人兴奋的事情可做。考查名词所有格。根据“My parents took me to the amusement park on…Day.”及结合选项可知,此处表示“儿童节”,children“孩子们”,修饰名词Day应该用其所有格形式。故选A。
形式 用法 构成 示 例
’s所有格 用于有生命的及表示时间、距离、国家、城市等的名词 直接加’s Mike’s basketball 迈克的篮球 yesterday’s newspaper 昨天的报纸
以s结尾的复数名词只加’ Teachers’ Day 教师节 twenty minutes’ walk 步行二十分钟
并列名词所有格 Tom and John’s room 汤姆和约翰的房间 (共同拥有) Tom’s and John’s rooms 汤姆的房间和约翰的房间(各自拥有)
of所有格 主要用于无生命的名词 A of B the name of the book 书名 the middle of the park 公园中间
双重所有格 表示部分或其中之一 A of B’s a classmate of Mary’s 玛丽的一个同学 some friends of my brother’s 我哥哥的一些朋友
A 名词
1. Tom and Tim have some ________ and ________.
A. tomatos; chicken B. tomatoes; chickens C. tomatoes; chicken D. tomatos; chickens
【答案】C
【解析】句意:汤姆和蒂姆吃了一些西红柿和鸡肉。
考查可数名词复数和不可数名词。tomato表示“西红柿”,其复数形式为tomatoes;chicken表示“鸡肉”时,是不可数名词,表示“小鸡”时,是可数名词。根据“Tom and Tim have some...”可知此处是指鸡肉,故选C。
2.This is ______ bedroom. They both like it very much.
A. Mary and Helen B. Mary's and Helen's
C. Mary's and Helen D. Mary and Helen's
【答案】D
【解析】若一样东西为两人共有,则只需在后一个人的名字的词尾加" -'s";若表示两人分别所有的东西,则分别在两人的名字的词尾加"-'s",这时被修饰的名词要用复数形式。根据后一句"她们两人都非常喜欢它。",可知应该是两人共同所有的卧室,故选D。
3. I don’t know ________ about the air crash at the meeting. Could you please give some ________
A. what to talk, advice B. what to say, advice C. how to talk, advices D. how to say, advices
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我不知道该在会上关于空难该说些什么。你能给我一些建议吗?
考查疑问词+动词不定式的结构和不可数名词。根据“I don’t know…about the air crash at the meeting. ”可知此句是宾语从句,“the air crash at the meeting”是“说”的内容,应用动词say,排除选项A和C;advice“意为建议”,是不可数名词, give some advice意为“给一些建议”,排除选项D。故选B。
4. I don’t want to use your pen. I want to use ________.
A. somebody else’s B. somebody’s else C. somebody else D. somebody’s else’s
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我不想要用你的钢笔。我想要其他人的。
考查名词所有格。somebody else’s其他人的;somebody’s else错误表达;somebody else其他人;somebody’s else’s错误表达。空处需要填写名词所有格,表示“其他人的钢笔”,somebody else“其他人”,表示名词所有格使用somebody else’s,故选A。
5. Nobody thought it is easy to finish so much work in _________.
A. two days’ time B. two-days time C. two day’s time D. two days time
【答案】A
【解析】句意:没有人认为在两天内完成这么多工作是容易的。
考查名词所有格。根据语境可知,此处指“两天的时间”,可用“基数词+复数名词的所有格+名词”;也可以用复合名词,基数词和名词之间要有连字符隔开,且名词只能用单数形式;据此,排除选项BCD;这里表示“两天的时间”用two days’ time,故选A。
6. —________ is it from our school to the subway station
—It’s about ________ walk.
A. How far; ten minutes B. How far; ten minutes’ C. How long; ten minutes D. How long; ten minutes’
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——从我们学校到地铁站有多远? ——步行大约十分钟。
考查特殊疑问句。how far多远,提问距离;how long多长时间,提问时间。ten minutes十分钟; ten minutes’十分钟的。根据答语可知,第一个空问从我们学校到地铁站有多远,用how far提问;第二个空修饰名词walk用名词所有格形式。故选B。
7. Mary’s English is much better than __________ in the class.
A. any student’s B. any other student C. anyone else D. any other student’s
【答案】D
【解析】句意:玛丽的英语比班上其他任何学生都要好得多。
考查所有格。any student’s任何学生的;any other student其他任何学生;anyone else其他任何人any other student’s其他任何学生的;any other指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的其他人或物。这里比较的对象是英语成绩,故用名词所有格any other student’s。故选D。
8. —Whose bikes are these
—They are ________.
A. Lily and Lucy B. Lily’s and Lucy’s C. Lily and Lucy’s D. Lily’s and Lucy
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——这些是谁的自行车?——它们是莉莉和露西的。
考查名词所有格。由提示词are判断,这里应该是莉莉和露西都有自行车,因此应该是在每个人名后都加’s。也就是Lily’s and Lucy’s的表达。选项C是两个人共用一辆自行车,不符合语境,排除。故选B。
9. —I hear some ________ will go to your school.
—Yes. Some teachers from ________ will get here this afternoon.
A. Germans; Germany B. Germen; Germany C. Germans; German
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我听说一些德国人将要去你们学校。——是的。一些来自德国的老师今天下午将会到这里。
考查词义辨析。German德国人,复数形式是Germans;Germany德国。根据“some...will go to your school”并结合选项可知,第一空使用Germans,表示一些德国人来学校;根据“Some teachers from”可知,第二空使用Germany,表示来自德国的老师。故选A。
10. (2023·武汉) —Peter was picked out to be on the school volleyball team.
—His height gives him a big ________.
A. situation B. challenge C. achievement D. advantage
【答案】D
【解析】句意: ——彼得被选为学校排球队队员。——他的身高给了他很大的优势。
考查名词辨析。situation情况;challenge挑战;achievement成就;advantage优势。根据“His height gives him a big”可知他的身高在选拔中是一个优势。故选D。
11. (2023·湖北荆州) —What can you learn from Journey to the West
—I learn that we should have enough _______ to overcome the difficulties in our life.
A. danger B. success C. courage D. excitement
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——从《西游记》中你能从中学到什么?——我学会了我们应该有足够的勇气去克服生活中的困难。
考查名词辨析。danger危险;success成功;courage勇气;excitement兴奋。根据“we should have enough…to overcome the difficulties in our life.”可知,克服生活中的困难需要足够的勇气。故选C。
12. (2023·江苏扬州)—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou
—I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful ________!
A. movement B. attraction C. experience D. research
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——扬州有哪些名胜古迹?——我推荐瘦西湖。乘船游览是一种美妙的体验!
考查名词辨析。movement移动,转移;attraction有吸引力的事物;experience经历;research研究。根据“A boat tour is a wonderful”可知,此处说的是一种体验/经历,故选C。
13. (2023·沈阳) Betty is crazy about music. Her dream is to be a ________.
A. scientist B. painter C. musician D. writer
【答案】C
【解析】句意:贝蒂对音乐很着迷。她的梦想是成为一名音乐家。
考查名词辨析。scientist科学家;painter画家;musician音乐家;writer作家。根据“Betty is crazy about music.”可知痴迷于音乐,想要成为音乐家。故选C。
14. (2023·山东滨州) —What’s your secret of writing so well
—I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong ________ on me as a child.
A. difference B. attention C. situation D. influence
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你写得这么好的秘诀是什么?——我读了很多书,鲁迅的作品对我小时候有很大的影响。
考查名词辨析。difference不同;attention关注;situation情况;influence影响。根据“the works of Lu Xun had a strong...on me”可知鲁迅的作品对我有影响。故选D。
15.—I have in learning English and I'm so worried. Could you help me with it
—Sure, I'd love to.
A. joy B. interest C. trouble D. fun
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。joy“快乐”;interest“兴趣”;trouble“困难”;fun“乐趣”。根据“我很担心”以及“你可以帮助我吗”可知此处表示“我学习英语有困难”,故选C。
16. —Have you decided what to write about Gulliver in Lilliput in the report
—I'm not sure. Maybe I need to read some ________ about it before writing.
A. reasons B. rewards C. results D. reviews
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——你决定在报告里写关于《格利佛游记》的什么内容了吗?——我不确定。也许我需要在写之前阅读一些关于它的评论。
考查名词辨析。reasons理由;rewards奖励;results结果;reviews评论。空格后的it指代前文提到的“Gulliver in Lilliput”,结合“I’m not sure”可知,并不太确定写什么,所以需要参考一些有关它的评论,故选D。
17.—In China, we use red paper for hongbao because red means good luck.
—That's interesting! I want to know all the Chinese ________.
A. traditions B. sentences C. notices D. problems
【答案】A 
【解析】考查名词辨析。tradition意为“传统”; sentence意为“句子”; notice意为“通知”; problem意为“问题”。根据前句句意“在中国,我们用红纸包红包,因为红色意味着好运。”可知在中国用红纸包红包是传统习俗,所以此处应填“传统”,故选A。
18. For his son’s birthday, Steven is taking him to the new movie as a .
A. task B. treat C. choice D. visit
【答案】B
【解析】句意:为了庆祝儿子的生日,史蒂文带他去看新电影作为一种招待。
19.You can see the in our faces when we talk about the great achievements in the past 70 years.
A. doubt B. pride C. regret D. ability
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:当我们谈论过去70年的巨大成就时,您能看出我们脸上的骄傲。doubt意为“怀疑”;pride意为“骄傲”;regret意为“后悔”;ability意为“能力”。根据句意可知选B。
20. Beijing Opera is an important part of Chinese ________.
A. culture B. invention C. condition D. introduction
【答案】A
【解析】句意:京剧是中国文化的重要组成部分。
考查名词辨析。culture文化;invention发明;condition条件;introduction介绍。根据常识可知,京剧是中国传统文化的一种,故选A。
21. —Is this photo taken in Tibet?
—Yes. You can see beautiful snow mountain in the of the photo.
A. form B. background C. shape D. introduction
【答案】B
【解析】句意:--这张照片是在西藏拍摄的吗?--是的。在照片的背景中你可以看到美丽的雪山。form形状,形式,外形,表格;background背景,底色;shape形状;introduction介绍,说明。in the background of the photo在照片的背景中。所以选B。
22. In a conversation between two persons, 65% of ________ is done through body language.
A. information B. pronunciation C. introduction D. communication
【答案】D
【解析】句意:在两个人的对话中,65%的交流是通过肢体语言进行的。
考查名词辨析。information信息;pronunciation发音;introduction介绍;communication交流;根据“In a conversation between two persons”以及“through body language”可知,此处指的是“交流”中65%是肢体语言,故选D。
23.The sun gives out light and . Without the sun, there will be no life on the earth.
A. temperature B. beauty C. heat D. peace
【答案】C
【解析】句意:太阳发出光和热。没有太阳,地球上将没有生命。temperature意为“温度”;beauty意为“美”;heat意为“热”;peace意为“和平”。根据句意可知选C。
24. —We have entered a world where robot operations become true with 5G technology.
—Hard to believe! Scientists are full of    which leads to great changes in our life.
A. attraction B. invention C. position D. contribution
【答案】B 
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。attraction意为“引力,吸引人的事物”;invention意为“发明”;position意为“位置,职位”;contribution意为“贡献,捐款”。根据句意可知选B。
25. Listening to music and watching films are both relaxing forms of _______.
A. achievement B. agreement
C. development D. entertainment
【答案】D
【解析】句意:听音乐和看电影都是放松的娱乐方式。
考查名词辨析。achievement成就;agreement同意;development发展;entertainment娱乐。根据“Listening to music and watching films are both relaxing forms of...”可知,听音乐和看电影都是娱乐方式,故选D。
26. —What's the ________of traveling by bike
—It can save money,keep us healthy and does not pollute the air.
A. purpose B. suggestion C. advantage D. knowledge
【答案】C
【解析】句意:-骑车旅行的优势是什么?-可以节省金钱,让我们保持健康,还能不污染空气。A.目的;B.建议;C.优势;D.知识。从答句可以看出是在描述骑车旅行的“优势”,故前句是在问优势是什么,选C。
28.—Boys and girls, please follow my _______ when you are in the lab.
—OK, Miss Wang.
A. conversations B. licenses C. instruction D. habits
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——孩子们,当你们在实验室的时候,请我说的做。——好的,王老师。考查名词辨析题。A. conversations交谈;B. licenses执照;C. instruction指令;D. habits习惯。follow one’s instruction按照某人的指示。根据句意结构,可知ABD选项的意思都不符句意,故选C。
29. From my ________ on the top of the TV tower, I can have a perfect view of our city.
A. tradition B. condition C. position D. situation
【答案】C
【解析】句意:从我在电视塔顶部的位置,我可以完美地看到我们的城市。
考查名词辨析。tradition传统;condition条件;position位置;situation形式,情况。根据“on the top of the TV tower,”可知,此处是要表示一个位置。故选C。
30.-It's dangerous to drive after drinking.
-That's true. It can increase the ______ of traffic accidents.
A. advantage B. stress C. safety D. risk
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——酒后开车是危险的。—对的。酒后开车可能增加交通事故的风险。根据句意可知选D。
31. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your_______ , you must keep moving.
A. promise B. position C. balance D. ability
【答案】C
【解析】 promise意为"承诺"; position意为位置;balance意为"平衡”;ability意 为"能力” to keep balance意为"保持平衡”。将各选项代入语境可知选C。
32. — They gave their different ___________ on your new plan last night. What do you think of them
—Most of them are practical, and I’d like to accept them.
A. reasons B. comments C. results D. excuse
【答案】B
【解析】A. reasons理由 B. comments评论 C. results 结果 D. excuse 借口 句意:昨晚他们给这新计划不同的评论,你认为怎么样?----大多数评价很实用,我愿意接受他们。
33. — What do you want to be in the future
—I want to be a ___________ because I want to show people the most popular clothes.
A. host B. model C. writer D. modern
【答案】B
【解析】A. host 主持人 主人 B. model 模特 C. writer作家 D. modern现代化的
句意:我想当模特,因为我想向人们展示最流行的服装。
34. Peter is interested in reading books about animals and plants. He has a real ______ of animals, birds and flowers.
A. courage B. knowledge C. energy D. experience
【答案】B
【解析】句意:彼得对阅读有关动植物的书感兴趣。他对动物、鸟类和花卉非常了解。
courage"勇气";knowledge"知识,学问";energy"活力,精力";experience"经历,经验";根据题意"彼得对阅读有关动植物的书感兴趣",可推测"他对动物、鸟类和花卉非常了解"," have a real knowledge of 对什么有真正的了解",所以knowledge符合要求。所以选:B。
35. A sudden windfall, which makes a man get rich quickly, may break the balance of a person's life.
"Windfall" in the sentence means ______.
A. advantage B. discovery C. agreement D. wealth
【答案】D
【解析】句意:一笔突如其来的横财,可以使一个人迅速致富,可能打破一个人的生活平衡。"Windfall"在句子中的意思是财富。advantage"优点,好处";discovery"发现,探索";agreement"一致,同意";wealth"财富";根据题意"可以使一个人迅速致富",可推测应该为"财富",所以wealth符合题意。所以选:D。
36. To spread our traditional culture,many teenagers came up with new .For example,Suansuan,a college student,has posted over 50 videos on Bilibili to show her love for our culture.
A. methods B. messages C. meanings D. medicines
【答案】A
【解析】句意:为了传播我们的传统文化,许多青少年想出了新的方法。例如,大学生Suansuan在Bilibili上发布了50多个视频,以表达她对我们文化的热爱。methods方法;messages消息;meanings意义;medicines药物。根据For example,Suansuan,a college student,has posted over 50 videos on Bilibili to show her love for our culture."例如,大学生Suansuan在Bilibili上发布了50多个视频,以表达她对我们文化的热爱" ,可知,此处是说想出新的方法。所以选:A。
37. The little girl has such a good ______ that she can keep the names of all her classmates in mind on the first day at school.
A. experience B. suggestion C. collection D. memory
【答案】D
【解析】句意:小女孩的记忆力很好,第一天上学就可以记住所有同学的名字。
考查名词辨析。experience经历;suggestion建议;collection收藏品;memory记忆力。根据"she can keep the names of all her classmates in mind on the first day at school.""第一天上学就可以记住所有同学的名字。"可知,这个小女孩的记忆力很好,因此用"memory"符合题意。所以选:D。
38. If you don't know how to fix the machine, just follow the______.
A. introductions B. resolutions C. predictions D. instructions
【答案】D
【解析】句意:如果你不知道怎么修理机器,只需按照说明操作.
introductions介绍,resolutions决定,决心,predictions预言,instructions说明,操作指南,根据题意,只需按照说明操作,可知,只有D符合题意. 所以选:D.
39.Though Zhong Nanshan is in his eighties, he makes great __________ to the medical development.
I can't agree more. He is my hero.
A. celebration B. conversation C. contribution D. collection
【答案】C
【解析】句意:虽然钟南山已经八十多岁了,但他为医疗发展做出了巨大的贡献.
celebration庆祝,conversation交谈,contribution贡献,collection收藏;根据句意"虽然钟南山已经八十多岁了,但他为医疗发展做出了巨大的贡献"和语法可知,要填"贡献",其它选项语意不通. 所以选:C.
40. I've come to the ______ that Lydia is the right person to make friends with. She is friendly,helpful and honest.
A. information B. direction C. conclusion D. invitation
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我得出结论,莉迪亚就是那个值得交朋友的人. 她善良,乐于助人,诚实.
本题考查名词辨析. information信息;direction方向;conclusion结论;invitation邀请. come to the conclusion得出结论. 符合语境. 此处表示:我得出了结论,莉迪亚就是那个值得交朋友的人. 所以选:C.
第二部分:冠词
冠词是一种虚词,是名词的一种标志,不能独立担任任何句子成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查,往往集中于a、an的用法区别,定冠词的用法,不用冠词的情况,习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主,有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中,不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法,还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。
中考考查重点:
一、冠词的用法;
二、不用冠词的情况;
1. (2023·江苏镇江)It is said that Panda Ya Ya will live ________ rest of her life in her hometown, China.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
【答案】C
【解析】句意:据说熊猫丫丫将在她的家乡中国度过余生。
考查冠词用法。live the rest of one’s life“度过余生”,固定搭配。故选C。
2.(2023·广州·语法选择)But _____ last one that came out was not strong at all.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】句意:但是最后一只鸟出来了,并没有那么强壮。
a/an是不定冠词,表示泛指。a用在辅音音素前;an用在元音音素前。the是定冠词,表示特指。此处特指最后一只鸟,用the。故选C。
考向1 冠词的分类
分类 说明 例子
不定冠词 a 用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物,a plane 一架飞机,a useful book 一本有用的书
an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前 an hour 一小时,an apple 一个苹果,an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩
定冠词 the 只有一种形式,一般用于特指 the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔,the Chinese movie 那部中国影片
考向2 冠词的基本用法
一、 不定冠词a、an的用法
1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别:
(1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用 a。如:a lot of,a good idea,a pear。
(2)若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用 an。如:an example,an orange,an apple。
二、定冠词the的用法
用法 例子
1. 用于特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。 This is the city where my grandfather once lived.
2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。 Would you mind my opening the window
3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the") Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree.
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。 Spring is the first season of a year. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen.
5. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。 in the east 在东方 in the front 在前面 at the back 在后面 in the bottom 在底部
6.用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun, the moon, play the piano
7.用于姓氏的复数前表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table.
8.与某些形容词连用表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old.
9.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall, the United States
10用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。 play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴
13. 用在某些固定的表达法。
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 在去……去的路上
三、不用冠词的情况
用法 例子
1.在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made of wood.
2.名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road. Every student likes English in our class.
3.复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers.
4.在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day. It’s hot in summer.
5.在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast. Let’s play football after school.
6.在某些固定短语中。 in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school
1. If you want to take __________short ride in the city, choose __________shared bike.
A. a;/ B. the; the C. a; a D. /; a
【答案】C
【解析】句意“如果你想要一个短途旅行,选择一个共享单车”。第一空处,根据take a short ride“短途旅行”可知,排除B和D;第二空处,shared bike是可数名词单数,且译为“一个共享单车”,故选C。
2. Qingdao is a beautiful city that lies in east of China.
A. an B. / C. the D. a
【答案】C
【解析】句意:青岛是一座美丽的城市,位于中国东部。表示方向的名词前面不能用不定冠词a/an;in the +方位名词+of,表示在……方向上,故答案为C。
3. Daniel had _______egg, apiece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【解析】句意:丹尼尔今天早餐吃了一个鸡蛋,一片面包和一杯牛奶。考查冠词辨析。egg(鸡蛋)是单数名词,以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an修饰;根据句意语法,可知选B。
4.- Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday
- OK. Let's add it to _____________ weekend plan.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——彼得,这个星期天我们去野餐好吗?——好的,让我们把它加入周末计划吧。考查冠词用法。根据句意可知此处是指加入我们制定的周末计划,表示特指,所以应用定冠词the来修饰;结合选项可知C选项符合题意,故答案选C。
5. I like playing ________ piano, but Jerry likes playing ________ football.
A. the; a B. the; / C. /; the D. a; an
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我喜欢弹钢琴,但杰瑞喜欢踢足球。
考查冠词。play后接乐器类名词时,名词前加定冠词the,play the piano“弹钢琴”;play后接球类名词时,名词前不用冠词,play football“踢足球”。故选B。
6. If you go to ________ Britain, don’t forget to visit ________ British Museum. It’s a 30-minute bus ride from ________ River Thames.
A. the; /; / B. the; the; / C. /; /; the D. /; the; the
【答案】D
【解析】句意:如果你去英国,别忘了参观大英博物馆。 从泰晤士河坐巴士30分钟就到了。
考查冠词辨析。第一空在专有名词Britain前,不需要加冠词。第二空表示专有名词“大英博物馆”the British Museum。第三空表示专有名词“泰晤士河”the River Thames,故选D。
7. Daniel had _______egg, apiece of bread and a glass of milk for breakfast this morning.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】B
【解析】句意:丹尼尔今天早餐吃了一个鸡蛋,一片面包和一杯牛奶。考查冠词辨析。egg(鸡蛋)是单数名词,以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an修饰;根据句意语法,可知选B。
8. —There is ________ uniform in the soccer club.
—Is ________ uniform Bob’s
A. a; the B. an; the C. an; an D. the; an
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——足球俱乐部里有一件校服。——这件校服是鲍勃的吗?
考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词,表示泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词之前;an不定冠词,表示泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词之前;the定冠词,表示特指或前文提到的人或物等。根据句意可知,空一表示泛指,且uniform以辅音音素开头,故应用不定冠词a;空二是指前文提到的这件校服,故应用定冠词the。故选A。
9. I’ve had ______ bad headache all day, so I think I’ll go to ______ bed early.
A. a; 不填 B. 不填; the C. 不填;不填 D. a; the
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我头痛得很厉害,所以我想我要早点睡觉。Have a bad headache 和go to bed 都是固定搭配。
10. ---How do you go to ________ work ---I usually take _________ bus.
A. the; a B. /; a C. a; a D. the; /
【答案】B
【解析】句意:---你怎么去上班?---我通常乘公共汽车。go to work 上班。固配。 Take a bus 乘公汽。
11. Tom likes playing _______ piano while Tim likes playing ________ football.
A. the ...the B. / ...the C. the .../ D. / .../
【答案】C
【解析】句意:汤姆喜欢弹钢琴,而蒂姆喜欢踢足球。乐器前面一般加定冠词。球类棋类前面不用冠词。
12. I have _________European pen friend, and he likes playing ________guitar.
A. an; / B. an; the C. a; / D. a; the
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我有一个欧洲的笔友,他喜欢弹吉他。
考查冠词辨析。a.泛指,指一个,用于辅音因素开头的单数可数名词前;an.泛指,指一个,用于元音因素开头的单数可数名词前;the.特指,用在独一无二名词前,如地球、月亮、太阳等。European虽然以元音字母开头,但音标是以辅音音素开头的单词,前面用不定冠词a;guitar吉他,属器乐,需加定冠词 the,即play the guitar。结合句意和语境,可知选D。
第三部分:代词
(一)备考指南
代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词和疑问代词等。代词几乎是每年中考的考查部分,近三年中考的考查仍集中在不定代词上,所考题量占所考代词的 60% 以上。试题注重语境和情境,要求能够根据真实的语言环境运用各类代词。
1.(2023·武汉) — There are many celebrations in the coming Dragon Boat Festival.
— Sounds very interesting. I don’t want to miss ________.
A. it B. any C. none D. one
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——在即将到来的端午节有许多庆祝活动。——听起来很有趣。我不想错过任何一个。
考查代词辨析。it它;any任何;none没有一个;one一个。根据“Sounds very interesting. I don’t want to miss”可知不想错过任何一个活动,用any。故选B。
2. (2023·扬州)The children have painted since ________ could first pick up a brush.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
【答案】A
【解析】句意:孩子们从第一次拿起画笔就开始画画了。
考查代词。they他们,主格;them他们,宾格;their他们的,形容词性物主代词;themselves他们自己,反身代词。空处作从句的主语,应用主格,故选A。
3. (2023·安徽)I like those books! When I get my pocket money, I will buy ________.
A. it B. that C. them D. ones
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我喜欢那些书!当我有零花钱的时候,我就会买一些。
考查代词辨析。it它;that那个;them它们;ones一些。根据“I like those books! When I get my pocket money, I will buy…”可知,此处指“我”有钱时会买上文中提到的those books“那些书”,books是复数,故用them指代。故选C。
一、人称代词
人称代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
  单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
汉语 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们
主格 I  we  you  you  he  she   it they 
宾格 me  us  you  you  him  her  it  them 
二、物主代词
物主代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
  单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
汉语 我的 我们的 你的 你们的 他的 她的 它的 他们的
形容词性 my  our  your  your  his  her  its  their 
名词性 mine  ours  yours  yours  his  hers  its  theirs 
注意:
1. 人称代词在句子中作主语时用主格,作及物动词或介词的宾语时用宾格。
如:He goes to school on foot.
He told me that he would go there.
Bob is going to Shanghai on holiday with her.
2. 人称代词作表语时用宾格。
如:— Who is knocking at the door — It’s me, Tom.
3. 形容词性物主代词只能用在名词前作定语,修饰名词。
如:They are doing their homework.
4. 名词性物主代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语。
如:— Whose book is this
— It’s mine. Yours is under the table.
I usually tidy my room. You should tidy yours.
三、反身代词
反身代词 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
  单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数
汉语 我自己 我们自己 你自己 你们自己 他自己 她自己 它自己 他们自己
myself  ourselves  yourself  yourselves  himself  herself  itself  themselves 
1)作宾语,表示反身代词与主语是同一人。
The girl is too young to look after herself. 这个女孩年纪太小,不能照顾自己。
Uncle Chen teaches himself English. 陈叔叔自学英语。
(2)作表语,常用于be, feel, seem, look等系动词之后,用来描述感觉、情绪或状态。
He is not himself today. 他今天不舒服。
I’m not feeling myself today. 我今天不太舒服。
(3)作同位语,表示强调,译成“亲自”“本人”。
You must do it yourself. 你必须自己做。
I myself did the homework last night. 昨晚是我自己做的家庭作业。
(4)用于固定搭配中。
by oneself独自;单独 come to oneself苏醒 dress oneself自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself玩得开心 help oneself to随便吃……
四、 指示代词
1. 定义:表示"这个""那个""这些""那些"等指示概念的代词叫指示代词。
单数 复数 含义
this 这个 these这此 指较近的人或物
that那个 those那些 指较远的人或物
(1)可作主语、宾语、表语。
This is my mother. 这是我妈妈。
Those are Jack’s books. 那些是杰克的书。
I like these and she likes those. 我喜欢这些,她喜欢那些。
What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。
(2)为避免重复,可用that和those代替前面提到的名词。
The population of China is much larger than that of America.
中国人口比美国人口多得多。(that=the population)
(3)在打电话时,通常用this指自己,用that指对方。
— Hello! Who is that 你好,请问是哪位?
五、不定代词
不明确指代某个人、某个事物、某些人、某些事物的代词叫不定代词。不定代词可以代替名称和形容词,表示不同的数量概念。不定代词没有主格和宾格之分,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。
1. 不定代词的句法功能
不定代词 成分
all,both,each,neither,either,much,little,many,few,other,some,any,one 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语
everyone,everybody,everything,someone, somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing,none 在句中可作主语、宾语和表语
every,no 在句中只能作定语
不定代词的基本语法
(1)some、any的用法
不定代词 用 法 示 例
some ① 用于肯定句中,意为“一些人/事”,指代复数名词或不可数名词 Some are teachers; some are students. 有些人是老师,有些人是学生。 Here is some of their advice. 这是他们的一些建议。
② 用于疑问句中,表示请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答 The cake tastes good. Would you like some 这蛋糕味道很好。你想要一些吗?
any ① 多用于否定句、疑问句中,意为“任何数量;任何一些”,指代复数名词或不可数名词 I need some science books. Are there any in the bookshop 我需要一些科学书,书店里有吗?Please buy some milk. There isn’t any left in the fridge. 请买些牛奶。冰箱里一点也没有了。
② 用于肯定句中,表示“任一” I have three dictionaries. You may use any. 我有三本词典,你随便用哪一本都可以。
(2)few,a few,little,a little的用法
用法 用于可数名词 用于不可数名词
表示肯定概念 a few虽少,但有几个 a little虽少,但有一点
表示否定概念 few不多,几乎没有 little不多,没有什么
(3)other,the other,others,the others,another的用法
用法 例句
other 某一个,另一些,其他的。不能单独使用,后面要跟单数名词或复数名词,泛指别的 Where are his other books 他的另一些书在哪里
others 其他。必须单独使用,泛指别人或别的东西,常用于"some... others"结构 Some are red, and others are black. 一些是红的,另一些是黑的。
the other 两个中的另一个,剩下的一个。特指,常用于"one... the other..."结构 She has two sisters — one is a nurse, and the other is a teacher. 她有两个姐姐,一个是护士,另一个是老师。
the others 其他全部,其余的。表示在一个范围内的其他全部 In our class only Tommy is English, and the others are Chinese. 我们班除了汤米是英国人外,其他都是中国人。
another 另一个(指多个中的任何一个),可单独用,也可接单数名词或名词复数,表示"另几个,再几个" You can see another ship in the sea, can’ t you 你能看见另一艘船在海里,不是吗
(4)all,both,none,either,neither的用法
不定代词 含 义 作主语时谓语动词的数 示 例
both 两者都 复数 Both of us are interested in the film. 我们俩都对这部电影感兴趣。
either 两者中的任何一个 单数 Does either of you know Mr Li 你们两人中有任何一个认识李先生吗?
neither 两者都不 单数 Neither of them is right. 他们两个都不对。
all 三者(或以上)都 复数 All of us are looking forward to the holiday. 我们都期待着假期的到来。
any 三者(或以上)中的任何一个 单数 You can read any of these books. 你可以读这些书中的任何一本。
none 三者(或以上)都不 单数/复数 None of the workers wants/want to work on weekends. 没有一个工人想在周末工作。
(5)复合不定代词的用法
由some,any,every,no与one,body,thing一起构成的代词叫复合不定代词,如something,everybody,anyone,nothing等。由one和body构成的复合不定代词可相互换用。
用法 例句
复合不定代词一般用作单数,在句中作主语、宾语或表语 Nobody is aliment. 没有人缺席。(主语) Do you need anything 你需要点什么吗 (宾语) Grammar is not everything. 语法不是全部。(表语)
复合不定代词被定语修饰时,定语须放在它们后面 There is nothing wrong with the radio. 收音机没有什么问题。
由some构成的复合不定代词用法与some类似,而由any构成的复合不定代词用法与any类似。当any构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句时,常表示"无论什么东西,随便什么东西/事情" There’ s always somebody at home in the evenings. 晚上总有人在家。 Is there anything interesting in the newspaper 报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗?
(6)each和every
不定代词 用 法 示 例
each 指两者或两者以上中的每一个,强调个体;可与of连用 We each have a new schoolbag. = Each of us has a new schoolbag. 我们每人有一个新书包。
every 只作形容词,不单独使用;指三者或以上的整体中的每一个,侧重于整体;不可直接与of连用 She knows every student in the school. 她认识学校里的每一个学生。 Every one of her students likes her very much. 她的每个学生都非常喜欢她。
(7)疑问代词
who 谁(主格)
whom 谁(宾格)
whose 谁的(所有格)
what 什么(人、物)
which 哪一个、哪些(人、物)
1. —Are those books________
—No, they are not mine. They belong to________.
A. yours;he B. yours;his C. yours;him D. your, he
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——那些书是你的吗?——不, 它们不是我的。它们属于他。
考查名词性物主代词和人称代词宾格。yours你的,名词性物主代词;he他,人称代词主格; yours你的;his他的,物主代词;yours你的;him他,人称代词宾格;your你的,形容词性物主代词, he他,人称代词主格。第一空后没有宾语,所填物主代词具有名词性特点,故填yours;第二空在短语“belong to sb.”属于某人,此处“to”是介词,后接人称代词宾格,故填him。故选C。
2. —Who are______, Jimmy
—My grandparents. And I love _______very much (非常).
A. they; they B. them; them C. they; them D. them; they
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——吉米,他们是谁?——我的祖父母。我非常爱他们。
考查代词的用法。they,他们,主格代词,作主语;them,他们,宾格代词,作宾语。根据句子结构,空一作主语,应是they;空二作谓语动词love的宾格,应是them。故选C。
3. These are________ e-dogs. Please give ________ to ________.
A. their, it, them B. her, them, hers C. his, it, him D. my, them, me
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这些是我的电子狗。请把它们给我。
考查形容词性的物主代词和宾格代词。第一个空用形容词性的物主代词,修饰后面的名词e-dogs;动词give后面跟人称代词的宾格形式,且前面的名词是复数e-dogs,所以用them来代替e-dogs,故排除A/C;此处的to是介词,后面跟人称代词宾格;me是人称代词宾格,hers是名词性物主代词。故选D。
4. Miss Fang teaches _________ English this term.
A. we B. ours C. ourselves D. us
【答案】D
【解析】句意:方小姐这学期教我们英语。
考查代词。we我们,主格代词;ours我们的,名词性的物主代词;ourselves我们自己,反身代词;us我们,宾格代词。根据语境,空格处作动词“teaches”的宾语,应是宾格代词。故选D.
4. —Is this your pen
—No, it’s not ________. It’s________
A. my; his B. mine; your C. mine; hers D. his; hers
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——这是你的钢笔吗?——不,不是我的。这是她的。
考查名词性物主代词。mine我的(名词性物主代词);your你的/你们的(形容词性物主代词);his他的(名词性或形容词性物主代词);hers她的(名词性物主代词);my我的(形容词性物主代词)。分析句子可知,第一空后和第二空后都没有接名词,故皆填名词性物主代词,排除选项A和B;根据问句“这是你的钢笔吗?”可知,否定回答应是“不,不是我的。”。故选C。
5. —Does the new teacher Mr Lin teach ________ Chinese
—No, ________ Chinese teacher is Miss Li. ________ knows Mr Lin.
A. your; our; Her B. you; ours; Her C. your; ours; She D. you; our; She
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——新老师林老师教你们语文吗?——不,我们的语文老师是李老师。她认识林老师。
考查人称代词。第一空teach是动词,遵循动宾原则,后接人称代词宾格,you的宾格是you;第二空Chinese teacher是名词短语,前面用形容词性物主代词充当定语来修饰,we的形容词性物主代词是our;第三空knows是动词,前面需要主格来充当主语,she的主格就是she。故选D。
6. Nancy’s ______ most successful moment came in ______ forties.
A. /; her B. the; her C. the; hers D. /; hers
【答案】A
【解析】句意:南希最成功的时刻是在她四十多岁的时候。
考查零冠词和年龄表达法。第一空根据“Nancy’s”可知,此处是名词所有格,形容词最高级前有名词所有格等限定词修饰时,最高级前不用加the。因此第一空不填;第二空是年龄表达法,“in one’s+逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十岁时”,one’s是形容词性物主代词,因此是her。故选A。
7. When you find _____ in a dangerous situation, right decisions will make ______ possible for you to get out of danger.
A. you; it B. you; it’s C. yourself; it D. yourself; it’s
【答案】C
【解析】句意:当你发现自己处于危险的境地时,正确的决定将使你有可能脱离危险。
考查代词和it作形式宾语。you你;yourself你自己;it它,可作形式宾语或形式主语;it’s它是。根据“When you find...in a dangerous situation”可知,此处表示当你发现你自己处于危险的境地时,“你自己”应用反身代词yourself,故排除选项A和B。根据“right decisions will make...possible for you to get out of danger”可知,make it possible for sb to do sth.“使某人有可能做某事”,此时it为形式宾语,动词不定式短语为句子真正的宾语。故选C。
8. Don’t touch the machine, children, or you may hurt ________.
A. yourself B. myself C. themselves D. yourselves
【答案】D
【解析】句意:孩子们,不要碰机器,否则你们会受伤的。
考查反身代词。yourself你自己;myself我自己;themselves他们自己;yourselves你们自己。由前面的提示词children及后面的you判断,这里需用复数的反身代词yourselves。故选D。
9. I advise you not to show ________ on the WeChat because it may cause trouble.
A. anything personal B. personal anything
C. something personal D. personal something
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我建议你不要在微信上显示任何私人东西,因为这可能会引起麻烦。
考查形容词的位置以及复合不定代词的用法。something某事,常用于肯定句;anything任何事,常用于否定句和疑问句。此句是否定句,所以应用anything。形容词修饰复合不定代词时,应放在其后,故选A。
10. —Which shirt would you like, the white one or the black one
—________. They are too expensive for me. I’ll take the blue one.
A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Either
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——你喜欢哪件衬衫,白色的还是黑色的?——都不喜欢。它们对我来说太贵了。我要那件蓝色的。
考查代词辨析。both都;all都;neither都不;either任何一个。根据“They are too expensive for me. I’ll take the blue one”可知,这两个都太贵了,所以都不需要,故选C。
11. Different people have different hobbies. Some like reading books, and ________ like drawing pictures.
A. the other B. others C. another D. the others
【答案】B
【解析】句意:不同的人有不同的爱好。有些人喜欢读书,有些人喜欢画画。
考查代词辨析。the other另一个;others其他人;another另一个;the others其余的。根据“Some like reading books, and...”可知,本题考查some…others...“一些……其他的……”。故选B。
12. —My parents want me to be a doctor, but I’m not sure about that.
—Don’t worry. Just make sure you do your best. Then you can be ________ you want!
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我父母想让我成为一名医生,但我对此还不确定。——别担心。只要保证尽力就行。那么你就可以成为任何你想成为的人!
考查复合不定代词用法。anything任何事物;something某事,某物;nothing没有什么;everything每件事情。根据“Don’t worry. Just make sure you do your best. Then you can be...you want!”可知只要确保你做到最好。那么你就可以成为任何你想成为的人!“任何事物”用“anything”。故选A。
13. The cars made in Japan are much cheaper than ________ made in America.
A. ones B. those C. that D. it
【答案】B
【解析】句意:日本制造的汽车比美国制造的便宜得多。
考查不定代词。ones替代表示泛指的复数名词;those那些,替代表示同类事物的复数名词;that那,替代表示同类事物的单数名词;it它,替代上文提到的同名同物。根据“The cars made in Japan”可知,空处是指“美国生产的车”,替代同类事物,且是复数名词,用those。故选B。
14. —Is your friend Amy still in America
—I don’t know. I have ______ information about her because we haven’t seen each other for ______ years.
A. a little; a few B. little; a few C. a few; a little D. few; a little
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你的朋友艾米仍然在美国吗? ——我不知道。我没有她的什么信息,因为我们有一些年没见面了。
考查代词辨析。a little一点,修饰不可数名词;a few一些,修饰可数名词复数;little很少,修饰不可数名词;few很少,修饰可数名词复数。第一空,根据前文“I don’t know.”可知,此处表示没有消息,且空后“information”是不可数名词,所以用此处用little;第二个空,根据“haven’t seen each other for … years”可知,此处是有几年没见面了,且空后“years”是可数名词复数,应用a few。故选B。
15. Though it was raining hard outside, we could see ________ people in the street.
A. few B. a few C. a little D. little
【答案】B
【解析】句意:虽然外面雨下得很大,但我们仍能看到街上有几个人。
考查形容词辨析。few几乎没有,修饰可数名词复数形式;a few一些,修饰可数名词复数形式;a little一点儿,修饰不可数名词;little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词。people是可数名词,所以排除C、D;根据“Though it was raining hard outside, we could see ... people in the street.”可知,前后是转折关系,所以应是虽然下大雨,但还是能看到一些人,故选B。
16. —It snows hard this morning. Is everyone here today
—Yes, ________ of us is late for school.
A. either B. both C. none D. neither
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——今天早上雪下得很大。今天大家都来了吗? ——是的,我们谁也没有迟到。
考查不定代词词义辨析。either指两者中的任何一个;both二者都;none指三者及以上都不;neither指两者都不。根据“Is everyone here today ”和答语“Yes”可知,班里所有人都没迟到。故选C。
17. —Which do you prefer, juice or tea
—________ is OK. I don’t care.
A. All B. Either C. Neither D. Both
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你喜欢喝果汁还是茶?——任意一种都可以。我不在乎。
考查代词。All 所有的,指代三者及以上的事物;Either表示两者中任何一个; Neither两者都不;Both两者都。根据上文“juice or tea”两者之间选择,可知排除A;根据空格后的is是单数形式,可排除D;根据答语“I don’t care.”,可知任何一种饮料都可以,所以either符合语境。故选B。
18. —Daniel, could you please help me open the box
—I’d like to, but I have a bag of fruit in my left hand, and two bags of vegetables in my ________ hand.
A. the other B. another C. others D. other
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——丹尼尔,你能帮我打开盒子吗?——我想,但我左手拿着一袋水果,另一只手拿着两袋蔬菜。
考查代词辨析。the other两者中的另一个;another多者中的另一个;others其他人或物;other其他的。根据“I have a bag of fruit in my left hand, and two bags of vegetables in my...hand”可知此处指两只手中的另外一只手,此处空格前有形容词性物主代词,用other。故选D。
19. The twin sisters were very tired on their way home, but ________ of them would stop for a rest.
A. either B. neither C. none D. both
【答案】B
【解析】句意:这两个双胞胎姐妹在回家的路上非常疲惫,但是她们没有人停下来休息。
考查不定代词辨析。either任何一个(两者之间);neither都不(两者之间);none都不(三者以上);both都(两者之间)。根据前文the twin sisters,双胞胎是两个人,排除C选项。but表转折关系,根据前文The twin sisters were very tired on their way home“这两个双胞胎姐妹在回家的路上非常疲惫”,可知,虽然很累,但是没人停下来休息,所以空格处填neither。故选B。
20. —Is this new book ________
—No, ________ is old.
A. your; my B. hers; her C. yours; mine D. his; my
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——这本新书是你的吗?——不是,我的是旧的。
考查代词辨析。your你的/你们的,形容词性物主代词;my我的,形容词性物主代词;hers她的,名词性物主代词;her她的,形容词性物主代词;yours你的/你们的,名词性物主代词;mine我的,名词性物主代词;his他的,形容词性/名词性物主代词。分析句子可知,前空作表语,后空作主语;两个空的后面都没有名词,需用名词性物主代词,故选C。
21. People always say ________ is impossible if we work hard. So I dream of having ________ better grade in the coming exam.
A. nothing; the B. anything; the C. nothing; a D. everything; a
【答案】C
【解析】句意:人们总是说,只要努力,没有什么是不可能的。所以我梦想在即将到来的考试中取得更好的成绩。
考查代词辨析和冠词的用法。nothing无事;anything任何事。根据“People always say...is impossible if we work hard.”可知,只要努力,没什么不可能,用nothing。第二处泛指一个更好的成绩,用不定冠词。故选C。
22. —Tell me, Grandma. ________ is your favourite person in the whole wide world
—That’s easy! It’s you!
A. What B. Who C. How D. Whom
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——爷爷,告诉我,全世界你最喜欢的人是谁?——这很简单。是你!
考查特殊疑问词。What什么;Who谁;How怎样;Whom谁。根据“It’s you”可知上文询问人,且疑问词在句中作主语,用疑问代词who。故选B。
23. ________ is our duty to make our country better and stronger.
A. It B. This C. That D. One
【答案】A
【解析】句意:让我们国家变得更好、更强大是我们的责任。
考查it作形式主语。固定句型it’s+形容词/名词 (for sb.) to do sth.“做……对某人来说……”。“duty”是名词,“to make our country better and stronger.”是真正的主语,it的句中作形式主语。故选A。
24. —Ms. Walker, thank you for making me feel like I am ________.
—I’m glad you become confident now.
A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——沃克女士,谢谢你让我觉得自己很了不起。——我很高兴你现在变得自信了。
考查不定代词。everybody每个人;nobody没有人;somebody重要人物;anybody任何人。根据下文“I’m glad you become confident now”可知,此处指的是感觉自己很了不起。故选C。
25. There isn’t ________ in the classroom. All the students are having a PE lesson in the playground.(2022年江苏)
A somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody
【答案】B
【解析】句意:教室里一个人也没有。所有的学生都在操场上体育课。
考查复合不定代词辨析。somebody某人;anybody任何人;nobody没有人;everybody每个人。根据“All the students are having a PE lesson in the playground.”可知,教室里没有人,此处是否定句,故选B。
26. —I have ________ but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble.
—Yes, they’re well worth praising.
A. everything B. nothing C. anything D. something
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——我对警察只有赞扬,因为他们经常帮助人们摆脱困境。 ——是的,他们值得称赞。
考查复合不定代词辨析。everything每件事;nothing无事;anything任何事;something某事。根据“I have...but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble.”可知,对警察只有赞扬,没有其他,故选B。
27. In our school, ________ students like English, but ________ of them can speak it smoothly (流利地).
A. a little; a few B. a few; few
C. a few; little D. a little; few
【答案】B
【解析】句意:在我们学校,少数学生喜欢英语,但很少有人能流利地说英语。
考查词汇辨析,few / a few用来修饰可数名词,few表示否定意义“没有,几乎没有”,a few表示有肯定意思“有几个”;little / a little用来修饰不可数名词,little表示否定意思“没有,几乎没有”,a little 表示肯定意思“有一点儿”;students复数,可知第一空应该用a few;再根据“but”表转折,可知应该是很少有人能流利地说英语,用few,故选B。
28. Look at the sign, please. You can park your car on ________ side of the street.
A. both B. other C. either D. all
【答案】C
【解析】句意:请看这个标志。你可以把车停在街道的任意一边。
考查不定代词。both两者都;other其他的;either二者之一;all三者及以上全都。街道有两边,根据“side”可知,此处表示单数,用either。故选C。
29. The gravity on Mars is only about there eighths of ________ on the Earth.
A. that B. those C. one D. ones
【答案】A
【解析】句意:火星的引力只有地球的八分之一。
考查代词辨析。that特指的名词与前面的名词只是同一类,但并非同一个,即同名异物,相当于the+名词;those是that的复数形式,只能代替可数名词复数;one泛指与前面的名词同类的另一事物,即同名异物,相当于a/an+名词;ones是one的复数形式。本句中“The gravity”是单数形式,且是“the+名词”结构,故代词应用that。故选A。
30. —Is ________ here
—Yes. We are all ready.
A. somebody B. neither C. everybody D. none
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——大家都到齐了吗?——是的。我们都准备好了。
考查复合不定代词。somebody某人;neither两者都不;everybody每个人;none没有;根据“Yes. We are all ready.”及语境可知,此处是问“每个人都到了吗”,故选C。
31. —Four children were walking under a small umbrella. ________of them got wet. Can you guess why
—Because it was not raining!
A. All B. None C. Most D. Some
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——四个孩子在一把小伞下走着。他们都没有淋湿。你能猜到原因吗?——因为没有下雨!
考查代词辨析。All都;None一个也没有;Most大部分;Some一些。根据“of them got wet”及“Because it was not raining”可知,因为没有下雨,所以这四个人都没有被淋湿,故选B。
32. — There are mainly six kinds of tea in China. Which is your favorite
— Green tea, I guess. I’ve tried black tea, green tea and so on, and ________ of them have their special tastes.
A. all B. both C. none D. neither
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——中国主要有六种茶。你最喜欢哪一个?——我想是绿茶。我试过红茶、绿茶等等,它们都有自己的独特口味。
考查代词辨析。all都(三者或三者以上);both都(两者);none都不(三者或三者以上);neither都不(两者)。根据“black tea, green tea and so on”可知,指三者以上的,排除B和D选项。此处是评价尝过的茶叶都有自己独特的味道,故选A。
第四部分:介词
介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2~4分。从命题意图看,侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。
中考考查重点:
1. 介词辨析;
2. 介词短语辨析。
介词是一种虚词,它不能单独担任句子成分,必须与名词或代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句构成介词短语,才能担任句子成分。
1.(2023·武汉) Please bring Ms. Steen to the welcome party ________ telling her so that she can be surprised.
A. about B. from C. without D. for
【答案】C
【解析】句意:请带Ms. Steen参加欢迎晚会,不要告诉她,这样她会感到惊讶的。
考查介词辨析。about关于;from从;without没有;for为了。根据“telling her so that she can be surprised.”可知不告诉她,她才会惊讶。故选C。
2.(2023·十堰) —________ my surprise, the restaurant is a actually very nice.
—The service is also great.
A. In B. At C. On D. To
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——让我惊讶的是,这家餐厅实际上非常好。——服务也很棒。
考查介词辨析。in在里面;at在;on在上面;to到。to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”,固定短语,故选D。
3.(2023·安徽)Do whatever you can for the community, ________ looking after the old or teaching kids art.
A. with B. under C. like D. over
【答案】C
【解析】句意:为社区尽你所能,比如照顾老人或教孩子们美术。
考查介词辨析。with用,和;under在……下面;like像,例如;over在……上方。根据“…looking after the old or teaching kids art.”可知,空后通过举例来说明为社区服务的具体做法,like符合语境。故选C。
考向1 时间介词
表示"时间"的介词如下:
① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on
② 表示时间的前后用before, after
③ 表示期限等用by, until, till
④ 表示期间等用for, during, through
⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since
⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in
at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点
at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间
at that time那时 at the moment此刻,目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔,有时
at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候,起初 at last最后
We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭(十二点吃午饭)。
on用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一时,一律用on)
on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上
on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日
on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚
on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天
on time准时 on the night of July(the)first 在七月一日的夜晚
We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。
in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)。
in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中
in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年
in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季
in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季
in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午
in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上
in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时
in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿,立刻
The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。
People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。
Do they work in the day time or at night 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作?
before, after(注:两个既可以作介词又可以作连词)
before在……之前
Wash your hands before dinner.(before作介词)吃饭前请洗手。
He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.(前一个before作连词;后一个before作介词)他离开这儿之前/十点之前,将给我打电话。
after在……之后
Let’s sing some songs after school.(after作介词)放学后咱们唱歌吧!
Please close the door after you leave the room.(after作连词)离开房间后请关门。
by, until/till
by 在……前(时间);截止(到)……
How many English books had you read by the end of last year 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书?
She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时(之前)她已经走了。
by the end of在……底(之前) by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前
until/till知道……为止(时间)
We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点,我们才开始看电视。(begin是点动词,所以用否定式)
I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。
for, during, through
for 达……之久(表示经过了多少时间),可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但经常和完成时连用。
during 在……期间
through 一直……(从开始到结束)
He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。
We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。
They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。
They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。
He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。
from, since
from从……起(时间)
表示"从……开始"时,一般都是用词组from...to...,而单纯表示确切的"从几点开始"时用at。
The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。
The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。
since自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)
I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。(强调一直病到现在)
The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(since作连词,引导时间状语从句)这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。
in, within
in过……后(未来时间)大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。
in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后
He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。
They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。
within不超过……的范围
within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内
I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。
考向2 表示场所、方向的介词
(1) 表示场所的介词:at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite
(2) 表示方向的介词:into, out of, along, across, through, up, past
①at, in
at在某地(表示比较狭窄的场所)
at school上学 at home在家
stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂
at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上
at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁
at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口
at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站
I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。
in在某地(表示比较宽敞的场所)
in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里
His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。
She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。
②on, above, over, under, below
on在……上面,有接触面。
on the desk在桌子上面;on the map在地图上。
on在……靠近……的地方
on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场
on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上
above在……上方
Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。
over在……正上方,是under的反义词
There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。
A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。
under在……下面;在……之内
under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内
The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。
below在……下方(不一定是正下方) 正下方是under,below是above的反义词。
There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。
③near, by
near近的,不远的
near=not far,是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。
in the near future在不久的将来
Is there a bus stop near here 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗?
by在……旁边,距离比near要近
by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边
The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。
④ between, among, around
between在两者之间
My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。
What’ s the difference between A and B A和B之间有什么区别?
among在三者或更多的之中
There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。
He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎(很出名)。
around环绕,在……周围,在……四周
We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。
The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。
⑤ in front of,behind,opposite
in front of早……的前面;在……的前部
There is a tree in front of the house.
There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。
behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词
There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。
There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。
opposite在……对面
Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。
He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。
⑥ in, into, out of, up
in在……之内,用于表示静止的位置
The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。
into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。
The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。
He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。
out of和into一样,也表示有一定的运动方向
The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。
out of的基本含义:从……到外面,离开;在……范围之外;从(某个数)之中 up移动
The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。
⑦ along, across, past, through
along沿着
I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步,突然下起雨来了。
across横过
I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。
past经过
Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。
through贯穿,通过
The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。
The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。
⑧ to, from, for
考向3 易混易错介词的用法辨析
1)表示时间的介词at, on, in
介词 用 法 示 例
at +某个时刻 at 10 o’clock 在10点钟 at half past three 在三点半
+持续一段时间的节日,表示在期间 at Christmas 在圣诞节 at Chinese New Year 在春节
+特定时间 at noon 在中午 at night 在晚上 at that time 在那时
on +具体的某一天 on Monday 在周一 on Christmas Day 在圣诞日 on December 25th 在12月25日
+某一天的上午、下午、傍晚 on Sunday morning 在周日上午 on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午 on the evening of October 1st 在10月1日傍晚
in +较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节) in the 21st century 在21世纪 in the Song Dynasty 在宋朝 in 2023在2023年 in May 在五月 in spring 在春天
+泛指的上午、下午、傍晚 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下